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2008:"The late Rosa Bonheur's relatives have been defeated in their contest over the great painter's will. It will be remembered that Miss Klumpke, the artist, was the legatee, and the courts have decided largely in her favor, all of the property, except the paintings, being awarded her, while the proceeds of the paintings, which are to be sold at auction, are to be equally divided between Miss Klumpke and the relatives." "Foreign Notes,"
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when talking about her family; rather, she identified with the power and freedom reserved for men. It also broadcast her sexuality at a time where the lesbian stereotype consisted of women who cut their hair short, wore trousers, and chain-smoked. Rosa
Bonheur did all three. Bonheur never explicitly said she was a lesbian, but her lifestyle and the way she talked about her female partners suggest this.
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extraordinary sisterhood."(...)But
Bonheur did not want to be a symbol for other women or for women's rights. Asked by an American newspaper in 1859 what she thought of the women's rights movement, she said, "Women's rights — women's nonsense! Women should seek to establish their rights by good and great works, and not by conventions."
631:, Paris. Klumpke was Bonheur's sole heir after her death, and later joined Micas and Bonheur in the same cemetery upon her death. Bonheur, Micas, and Klumpke's collective tombstone reads, "Friendship is divine affection". Many of her paintings, which had not previously been shown publicly, were sold at auction in Paris in 1900.
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She was also an open lesbian, first living with partner
Nathalie Micas for over 40 years and then, after Micas' death, forging a relationship with American painter Anna Elizabeth Klumpke. By living her life openly in an era when lesbianism was disparaged by the government, Bonheur staked her claim as
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Having chosen to never become an adjunct or appendage to a man in terms of painting, she decided she would be her own boss and that she would lean on herself and her female partners instead. She had her partners focus on the home life while she took on the role of breadwinner by concentrating on her
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Bonheur, while taking pleasure in activities usually reserved for men (such as hunting and smoking), viewed her womanhood as something far superior to anything a man could offer or experience. She viewed men as stupid and mentioned that the only males she had time or attention for were the bulls she
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In a world where gender expression was policed, Bonheur broke boundaries by deciding to wear trousers, shirts and ties, although not in her painted portraits or posed photographs. She did not do this because she wanted to be a man, though she occasionally referred to herself as a grandson or brother
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Following the traditional art school curriculum of the period, Bonheur began her training by copying images from drawing books and by sketching plaster models. As her training progressed, she made studies of domesticated animals, including horses, sheep, cows, goats, rabbits and other animals in the
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At school she was often disruptive, and was expelled numerous times. After a failed apprenticeship with a seamstress at the age of twelve, her father undertook her training as a painter. Her father allowed her to pursue her interest in painting animals by bringing live animals to the family's studio
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Bonheur moved to Paris in 1828 at the age of six with her mother and siblings, after her father had gone ahead of them to establish a residence and income there. By family accounts, she had been an unruly child and had a difficult time learning to read, though she would sketch for hours at a time
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Britta C. Dwyer, "Bridging the gap of difference: Anna
Klumpke's "union" with Rosa Bonheur", Out of context. (New York: Greenwood Press, 2004), p. 69-79.; Laurel Lampela, "Daring to be different: a look at three lesbian artists", Art Education v.54 no. 2 (March 2001), p. 45-51. and Gretchen Van
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Until 2013 women in France were technically forbidden from wearing trousers by the “Decree concerning the cross-dressing of women” which was implemented on 17 November 1800. By at least World War II this was largely ignored, but in
Bonheur's time was still an issue. In 1852, Bonheur had to ask
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But
Katherine Brault, the current owner of Bonheur's chateau, which is now a museum, says there is no proof that Bonheur was a lesbian. In another essay in the catalog, co-written with her daughter Lou, Brault characterizes Bonheur's relationship with Micas as an "act of independence and
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as "entirely forgotten and rarely dragged out from oblivion"; however, that same year it was part of a series of paintings sent to China by the French government for an exhibition titled "The French
Landscape and Peasant, 1820–1905". Since then her reputation has been somewhat revived.
698:, home of the Rosa Bonheur Modern Team (RBMT) of various sports teams and a pep band. Each of the four locations of Rosa Bonheur is home to a multilingual pop choir, collectively known as "Viens Chanter Bonheur," which are lead by musician and ceramic artist, Damien Bousquet.
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with pencil and paper before she learned to talk. Her mother taught her to read and write by asking her to choose and draw a different animal for each letter of the alphabet. The artist credited her love of drawing animals to these reading lessons with her mother.
1326:(Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1982) 2-12. (It must be said that, as a reference source this book is itself riddled with inaccuracies and mis-attributions but it accords with the consensus account on this matter.)
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538:(1814–1902). In 1855 he brought Bonheur to the United Kingdom, and he purchased the reproduction rights to her work. Many engravings of Bonheur's work were created from reproductions by
781:), was published in London and New York in 1910. It includes numerous correspondences between Bonheur and her family and friends, in which she describes her art-making practices.
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Institute in Paris. There she prepared detailed studies that she later used as references for her paintings and sculptures. During this period, she befriended the father-and-son
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Women were often only reluctantly educated as artists in
Bonheur's day, and by becoming such a successful artist she helped to open doors to the women artists who followed her.
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Slyke, "The sexual and textual politics of dress: Rosa
Bonheur and her cross-dressing permits", Nineteenth-Century French Studies v. 26 no. 3-4 (Spring/Summer 1998) p. 321-35.
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Theodore
Stanton, Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur (New York: D. Appleton and company, 1910), Theodore Stanton, Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur (London: Andrew Melrose, 1910).
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579:. At a time when lesbianism was regarded as animalistic and deranged by most French officials, Bonheur's outspokenness about her personal life was groundbreaking.
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permission from the police to wear trousers, as this was her preferred attire to go to the sheep and cattle markets to study the animals she painted.
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She lived with her first partner, Nathalie Micas, for over 40 years until Micas' death, and later began a relationship with the American painter
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Along with other realist painters of the 19th century, for much of the 20th century Bonheur fell from fashion, and in 1978 a critic described
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to mark the bicentennial of her birth. The Doodle reached five countries: the United States, Ireland, France, Iceland and India.
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painting. Bonheur's legacy paved the way for other lesbian artists who didn't favour the life society had laid out for them.
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Van Slyke, Gretchen (January 1999). "Gynocentric matrimony: The fin-de-siécle alliance of Rosa Bonheur and Anna Klumpke".
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627:(By), France. She was buried together with Nathalie Micas (1824 – 24 June 1889), her lifelong companion and lover, at
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in 1865, and was promoted to Officer of the Order in 1894. She was the first female artist to be given this award.
492:'s Wild West Show at their encampment. In 1890 Bonheur painted Cody on horseback. Dallin's work from this period "
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in London. This work led to international fame and recognition; that same year she traveled to Scotland and met
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who was studying in Paris. Together they traveled to Neuilly outside of Paris to sketch the animals and cast of
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Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur (with twenty-four full-page illustrations and fifteen line drawings in the text
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Boime, Albert (December 1981). "The case of Rosa Bonheur: Why should a woman want to be more like a man?".
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Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Gay histories and cultures. Vol. 2
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sect that promoted the education of women alongside men. Bonheur's siblings included the animal painters
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Isabella Zuralski-Yeager, "Tedesco Frères Selling Rosa Bonheur: An Inquiry into Dealers’ Stock Books."
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2295:. Illustrations and Captions by Denise Browne Harethe. New York: A Studio Book/The Viking Press, 1981
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Though she was more popular in England than in her native France, she was decorated with the French
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in Chicago, Illinois. In 1889 and 1890 she developed a friendship with American sculptor
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The first biography of Bonheur was published during her lifetime: a pamphlet written by
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used the Bonheurs as an example of the eponymous "Hereditary Genius" in his 1869 essay.
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172:; 16 March 1822 – 25 May 1899) was a French artist known best as a painter of animals (
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The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-Modern
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Lampela, Laurel (2001). "Daring to Be Different: A Look at Three Lesbian Artists".
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Muratova, Xenia (1978). "Current and Forthcoming Exhibitions: Paris and China".
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in her series of novels Vernon Subutex. The second in 2014 on the banks of the
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1556:"Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893"
1415:"The Case of Rosa Bonheur: Why Should a Woman Want to be More Like a Man?"
1300:. Second edition. (London: MacMillan and Co, 1892), p. 247. Original 1869.
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1383:. Vol. I. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. pp.
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pastures around the perimeter of Paris, the open fields of Villiers near
2378:- Rehs Galleries' biographical information and an image of her painting
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Bilder aus der Neuen und Alten Welt. Die Sammlung des Diamantenhändlers
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that had disappeared a century earlier, and they had enormous appeal to
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in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
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A video discussion about the painting from smarthistory.khanacademy.org
1987:
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2400:— Rosa Bonheur biography, artworks and writings on Trivium Art History
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1614:"Base Léonore, recensement des récipiendaires de la Légion d'honneur"
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a groundbreaking individual both in her career and her personal life.
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A French government commission led to Bonheur's first great success,
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1979:
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How France is leveraging a lottery to finance historic preservation
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held in Paris, on the tree-lined boulevard de l'HĂ´pital, near the
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Stammers, Tom (5 November 2020). "Twenty Kicks in the Backside".
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2255:, (New York: D. Appleton and company, 1910), Theodore Stanton,
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Rosa Bonheur: With a Checklist of Works in American Collections
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was translated in 1997 by Gretchen Van Slyke and published as
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in 1856. Bonheur later corrected and annotated this document.
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completed in 1860. These pieces depicted a way of life in the
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In Scotland, she completed sketches for later works including
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Blume, Mary; Tribune, International Herald (4 October 1997).
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The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works
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Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences
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bear the name Rosa Bonheur. The first opened in 2008 in the
223:. However, others remark that nothing supports this claim.
2025:"The eight women artists of The National Gallery | Art UK"
1679:. Larass, Petra., Klier, Melanie, 1970-. Munich: Prestel.
1155:"Rich, Famous and Then Forgotten: The Art of Rosa Bonheur"
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who encouraged his daughter's artistic talents. Though of
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Art is a Tyrant: The Unconventional Life of Rosa Bonheur.
1942:"Women wearing trousers was illegal in France until 2013"
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2339:, a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication.
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1125:"10 Famous Female Painters Every Art Lover Should Know"
662:, contains a section about and titled "Rosa Bonheur."
542:(1808–1880), one of the finest engravers of the day.
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https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/721990
2127:
Women's Studies and Culture: A Feminist Introduction
2225:(Paris: Gustave Havard, 15 Rue Guénégaud, 1856) 20.
798:, 1413–1463, to Rosa Bonheur and the present day".
671:, sold at auction in 2008 for just over $ 200,000.
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1106:. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. 6th edition.
623:Bonheur died on 25 May 1899, at the age of 77, at
316:. At fourteen, she began to copy paintings at the
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1059:"Musée d'Orsay: Rosa Bonheur Labourage nivernais"
744:which appeared just after her Salon success with
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1580:. Cyrus Dallin Art Museum. pp. 27, 39–40.
545:In 1859 her success enabled her to move to the
421:in Paris. Her most famous work, the monumental
2238:, (Paris: E. Flammarion, 1909), Anna Klumpke,
2080:Aquarelles, dessins, gravures par Rosa Bonheur
1893:Encyclopedia of Lesbian Histories and Cultures
716:Rosa Bonheur Studio and museum. Thomery France
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2123:"How purple can it be?: Feminist art history"
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1822:
2508:Pyrenean Shepherd Offering Salt to his Sheep
2405:Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861
2125:. In Rosemarie Buikema, Anneke Smeli (ed.).
2064:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1765:
763:so-named because Klumpke had used Bonheur's
215:It has been claimed that Bonheur was openly
858:Muletiers espagnols traversent les Pyrénées
761:Rosa Bonheur: The Artist's (Auto)biography,
651:Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?
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2240:Rosa Bonheur: The Artist's (Auto)Biography
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1598:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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534:Bonheur was represented by the art dealer
530:, the bull was painted by Bonheur herself.
328:, though she also copied the paintings of
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2349:report with interior scenes of Bonheur's
2195:"Remembering French painter Rosa Bonheur"
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1916:"Rosa Bonheur's Permission to Wear Pants"
1896:. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 125.
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1223:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T009871
1037:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 83.
654:, considered a pioneering essay for both
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674:In homage to the painter, four Parisian
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2305:UK Published by Icon Books Ltd in 2020.
2129:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 94–105.
2076:Catalogue des tableaux par Rosa Bonheur
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1031:Carol Strickland; John Boswell (2007).
854:Spanish muleteers crossing the Pyrenees
730:Spanish muleteers crossing the Pyrenees
227:Early development and artistic training
16:French painter and sculptor (1822–1899)
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363:of Paris and dissected animals at the
255:origin, the Bonheur family adhered to
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1444:Ashton, Dore and Denise Browne Hare.
1432:Wild Spirit: The Work of Rosa Bonheur
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1338:Rosa Bonheur: The Artist's Biography
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511:Patronage and the market for her work
231:Bonheur was born on 16 March 1822 in
2356:20 artworks by or after Rosa Bonheur
2331:by Marie-Rosalie Bonheur (W1900-1-2)
2011:Mark Hopkins Institute Review of Art
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365:École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
1768:"The Rise and Fall of Rosa Bonheur"
1634:. Phaidon Press. 2019. p. 65.
1578:Cyrus E. Dallin Let Justice Be Done
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1367:
1313:, E.P. Dutton, Inc., New York, 1973
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417:, exhibited in 1849 and now in the
320:. Among her favorite painters were
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2628:New Woman of the late 19th century
2285:
2152:"Rosa Bonheur (French, 1822-1899)"
2078:, May 30-June 2, 1900. 2eme Tome,
2074:Galerie Georges Petit. 1er. Tome,
2014:, Sept. 1900, vol. 1 no. 2, p. 17.
1939:
1843:10.1111/j.1467-8365.1981.tb00733.x
1569:
1102:Janson, H. W., Janson, Anthony F.
794:) was subtitled "from the time of
751:The second account was written by
472:Bonheur exhibited her work at the
14:
3205:
3179:19th-century French women artists
3154:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
2433:National Portrait Gallery, London
2320:
2293:Rosa Bonheur: A Life and a Legend
2276:- Bonheur article and artwork at
2259:, (London: Andrew Melrose, 1910).
1448:, (New York: Viking, 1981, 206pp.
1446:Rosa Bonheur: A Life and a Legend
757:Rosa Bonheur: sa vie, son oeuvre,
526:1857. Symbolic of her work as an
271:, as well as the animal sculptor
176:). She also made sculptures in a
3189:Society of Women Artists members
3169:Officers of the Legion of Honour
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2236:Rosa Bonheur: Sa Vie, Son Oeuvre
1675:50 women artists you should know
1421:v. 4, December 1981, p. 384-409.
1342:The University of Michigan Press
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742:Les Contemporains: Rosa Bonheur,
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3164:Knights of the Legion of Honour
3149:French people of Jewish descent
2542:Musée de l'atelier Rosa Bonheur
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2223:Les Contemporains: Rosa Bonheur
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1065:. 25 March 2009. Archived from
688:Seine at the Port des Invalides
682:. It is mentioned at length by
2121:Rijsingen, Miriam van (1995).
1914:Wills, Matthew (28 May 2022).
1805:. Taylor & Francis. 2000.
1671:Christiane, Weidemann (2008).
1259:
1194:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
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694:and the fourth in 2021 in the
385:Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
381:Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
1:
3174:19th-century French sculptors
3139:Female-to-male cross-dressers
2875:(Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright)
2257:Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur
2253:Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur
1268:"The Realism of Rosa Bonheur"
1266:Bus, Lawrence (24 May 2016).
1017:
771:Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur
38:
3114:19th-century French painters
3014:The Case of Rebellious Susan
2412:"Bonheur, Rosa,--1822-1899."
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1092:, Metropolitan Museum of Art
482:World's Columbian Exposition
443:, who admired Bonheur's work
7:
3194:19th-century women painters
2980:The Story of a Modern Woman
2274:NMWA.org Collection Profile
1858:Nineteenth-Century Contexts
1380:Dictionary of Women Artists
987:
980:National Gallery of Ireland
787:Women Painters of the World
10:
3210:
2837:Elizabeth Barrett Browning
2706:Jennie Augusta Brownscombe
2586:Rosa Bonheur Memorial Park
2484:Ploughing in the Nivernais
2310:The Getty Research Journal
1890:Zimmerman, Bonnie (2013).
1726:Stanton, Theodore (1910).
1209:Heather McPherson (2003).
994:Rosa Bonheur Memorial Park
891:
809:Ploughing in the Nivernais
637:Ploughing in the Nivernais
433:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
414:Ploughing in the Nivernais
401:Ploughing in the Nivernais
301:Metropolitan Museum of Art
206:Metropolitan Museum of Art
183:Ploughing in the Nivernais
109:Ploughing in the Nivernais
2916:
2898:
2829:
2681:Sophie Gengembre Anderson
2658:
2635:
2573:Juliette Bonheur (sister)
2568:Isidore Bonheur (brother)
2563:Auguste Bonheur (brother)
2550:
2534:
2500:Haymaking in the Auvergne
2475:
2429:Portraits of Rosa Bonheur
2397:A life without Compromise
1870:10.1080/08905499908583461
1732:. A. Melrose. p. 64.
1497:at Albright Knox Gallery"
1377:Gaze, Delia, ed. (1997).
825:Haymaking in the Auvergne
790:(assembled and edited by
334:Frans Pourbus the Younger
186:, first exhibited at the
159:
150:
145:
141:
131:
121:
101:
93:
74:
48:
30:
23:
3052:Mrs. Warren's Profession
2751:Wilhelmina Weber Furlong
2558:Raymond Bonheur (father)
2388:Plowing in the Nivernais
1196:, Retrieved 23 May 2015.
705:honoured Bonheur with a
680:Parc des Buttes-Chaumont
665:One of Bonheur's works,
557:Personal life and legacy
524:Portrait of Rosa Bonheur
190:of 1848, and now in the
180:. Her paintings include
3144:French Realist painters
2756:Elizabeth Shippen Green
2746:Susan Stuart Frackelton
2095:The Burlington Magazine
2061:Encyclopædia Britannica
1946:www.connexionfrance.com
1526:10 October 2004 at the
1211:"Bonheur, (Marie-)Rosa"
906:Changement de pâturages
885:The Monarch of the herd
848:Changement de pâturages
690:, the third in 2017 in
454:completed in 1859, and
3129:French lesbian artists
2932:The Portrait of a Lady
2731:Alice Brown Chittenden
2711:Julia Margaret Cameron
2329:Barbaro after the Hunt
1656:London Review of Books
1576:Francis, Rell (1976).
1336:Klumpke, Anna (2001).
1215:Bonheur, (Marie-)Rosa
779:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
733:
717:
668:Monarchs of the Forest
629:Père Lachaise Cemetery
612:
593:
591:Anna Elizabeth Klumpke
577:Anna Elizabeth Klumpke
566:wearing men's clothing
564:Bonheur was known for
531:
408:
373:comparative anatomists
304:
221:Anna Elizabeth Klumpke
3134:French LGBTQ painters
3119:French women painters
3109:Artists from Bordeaux
3040:The Romance of a Shop
2791:Elizabeth Okie Paxton
2640:19th-century feminism
2055:"Bonheur, Rosa"
832:The Highland Shepherd
728:
715:
607:
585:
518:
398:
312:, and the still-wild
293:
273:Isidore Jules Bonheur
241:Oscar-Raymond Bonheur
202:Le marché aux chevaux
170:Marie-Rosalie Bonheur
136:Oscar-Raymond Bonheur
53:Marie-Rosalie Bonheur
2935:(serialized 1880–81)
2908:Alice Freeman Palmer
2806:Jessie Willcox Smith
1008:(Rosa Bonheur Prize)
964:Aberdeen Art Gallery
960:The Charcoal Burners
946:Aberdeen Art Gallery
928:Aberdeen Art Gallery
910:Hamburger Kunsthalle
656:feminist art history
540:Charles George Lewis
520:Edouard Louis Dubufe
478:The Woman's Building
338:Louis LĂ©opold Robert
3059:George Bernard Shaw
3047:George Bernard Shaw
2975:Ella Hepworth Dixon
2862:Ella Hepworth Dixon
2801:Pamela Colman Smith
2741:Emma Lampert Cooper
2645:First-wave feminism
2414:Library of Congress
2326:Joseph J. Rishel, “
2219:Eugène de Mirecourt
1940:France, Connexion.
1632:Great women artists
1519:, 1993, p. 142 and
1461:Labourage nivernais
792:Walter Shaw Sparrow
738:Eugène de Mirecourt
660:feminist art theory
587:Portrait of Bonheur
474:Palace of Fine Arts
351:She studied animal
261:Christian socialist
97:Painting, sculpture
3010:Henry Arthur Jones
2721:Minerva J. Chapman
2630:(born before 1880)
2524:Weaning the Calves
2516:King of the Forest
2301:Catherine Hewitt,
2251:Theodore Stanton,
1772:The New York Times
1544:, National Gallery
1278:on 10 January 2019
1188:Kuiper, Kathleen.
1160:The New York Times
864:Weaning the Calves
734:
721:Biographical works
718:
701:On 16 March 2022,
692:Asnières-sur-Seine
684:Virginie Despentes
613:
609:Weaning the Calves
594:
532:
463:Scottish highlands
409:
305:
3086:
3085:
3031:(serialized 1878)
2939:Elizabeth Barrett
2925:Isabel Archer in
2852:Annie Sophie Cory
2594:
2593:
2312:, vol. 16, 2022,
2199:www.aljazeera.com
2082:, June 5–8, 1900.
1713:goodallartists.ca
1394:978-1-884964-21-3
1322:Rosalia Shriver,
1296:Galton, Francis.
1163:. 17 October 2022
999:Prix Rosa-Bonheur
696:Bois de Vincennes
494:A Signal of Peace
490:Buffalo Bill Cody
457:The Highland Raid
450:Highland Shepherd
326:Peter Paul Rubens
257:Saint-Simonianism
163:
162:
3201:
3124:Lesbian painters
2986:Gustave Flaubert
2917:Literature about
2876:
2811:Annie Swynnerton
2776:Elizabeth Nourse
2771:Anna Lea Merritt
2736:Elizabeth Coffin
2676:Nina E. Allender
2621:
2614:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2425:
2260:
2249:
2243:
2232:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2089:
2083:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2015:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1709:"Ernest Gambart"
1705:
1699:
1698:
1678:
1668:
1662:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1597:
1589:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1551:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1499:. Archived from
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1469:. Archived from
1455:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1374:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1274:. Archived from
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1206:
1197:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1136:
1131:. 30 August 2019
1121:
1115:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1028:
1007:
974:
956:
938:
920:
902:
844:Changing meadows
838:A Family of Deer
775:Theodore Stanton
501:Legion of Honour
437:National Gallery
314:Bois de Boulogne
310:Levallois-Perret
269:Juliette Bonheur
249:portrait painter
155:
104:
81:
62:
60:
43:
40:
35:
21:
20:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3184:Sibling artists
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
2918:
2912:
2894:
2890:Olive Schreiner
2871:
2867:Maria Edgeworth
2825:
2816:Candace Wheeler
2696:Enella Benedict
2654:
2650:Women's history
2631:
2625:
2595:
2590:
2582:(1898 painting)
2546:
2530:
2471:
2466:
2323:
2288:
2286:Further reading
2283:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2250:
2246:
2233:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2119:
2115:
2102:(901): 257–60.
2090:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1980:10.2307/3193946
1964:
1960:
1950:
1948:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1889:
1885:
1854:
1850:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1720:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1687:
1669:
1665:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1618:culture.gouv.fr
1612:
1611:
1607:
1591:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1554:Nichols, K. L.
1552:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1528:Wayback Machine
1506:
1504:
1503:on 25 June 2007
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1473:on 4 April 2019
1459:"Rosa Bonheur:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:by Jen Longshaw
1429:
1425:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1309:Mackay, James,
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1272:Jewish Currents
1264:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1207:
1200:
1187:
1180:
1166:
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1152:
1148:
1134:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1101:
1097:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1069:on 4 April 2019
1057:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1001:
990:
983:
978:A Stag (1893),
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
878:William F. Cody
804:
723:
559:
513:
505:Empress Eugénie
469:sensibilities.
393:
367:, the National
322:Nicolas Poussin
265:Auguste Bonheur
229:
102:
89:
83:
79:
70:
64:
58:
56:
55:
54:
44:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Equine artists
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3068:
3056:
3044:
3032:
3017:
3007:
3003:A Doll's House
2995:
2983:
2972:
2963:Victoria Cross
2960:
2948:
2936:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2873:George Egerton
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:Ellen Day Hale
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:Cornelia Barns
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:Elenore Abbott
2668:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2492:The Horse Fair
2488:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2353:
2340:
2322:
2321:External links
2319:
2318:
2317:
2306:
2299:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2244:
2234:Anna Klumpke,
2227:
2211:
2186:
2174:www.google.com
2161:
2142:
2135:
2113:
2084:
2067:
2052:, ed. (1911).
2050:Chisholm, Hugh
2041:
2016:
2001:
1958:
1932:
1906:
1883:
1864:(4): 489–502.
1848:
1837:(4): 384–409.
1818:
1811:
1792:
1758:
1754:History of Art
1745:
1735:
1718:
1700:
1685:
1663:
1647:
1641:978-0714878775
1640:
1623:
1605:
1568:
1546:
1541:The Horse Fair
1532:
1495:The Horse Fair
1484:
1450:
1437:
1423:
1400:
1393:
1366:
1357:
1350:
1344:. p. 87.
1328:
1315:
1311:The Animaliers
1302:
1289:
1258:
1249:|website=
1231:
1198:
1190:"Rosa Bonheur"
1178:
1146:
1116:
1104:History of Art
1095:
1090:The Horse Fair
1088:Rosa Bonheur,
1080:
1063:musee-orsay.fr
1050:
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829:
821:
817:The Horse Fair
813:
803:
800:
796:Caterina Vigri
784:The 1905 book
746:The Horse Fair
722:
719:
648:’s 1971 essay
644:Art historian
570:Rational dress
558:
555:
536:Ernest Gambart
512:
509:
441:Queen Victoria
424:The Horse Fair
392:
389:
346:Karel Dujardin
342:Salvatore Rosa
296:The Horse Fair
287:for studying.
277:Francis Galton
228:
225:
197:The Horse Fair
194:in Paris, and
161:
160:
157:
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115:The Horse Fair
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94:Known for
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82:(aged 77)
76:
72:
71:
65:
52:
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42: 1895–99
37:Rosa Bonheur,
36:
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2996:
2993:
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2991:Madame Bovary
2987:
2984:
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2981:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:The Awakening
2952:
2949:
2946:
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2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:the New Woman
2915:
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2796:Emily Sartain
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Violet Oakley
2779:
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2754:
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2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Émilie Charmy
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Cecilia Beaux
2689:
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2679:
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2669:
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2666:Louise Abbéma
2664:
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2386:Rosa Bonheur
2384:
2381:
2380:Couching Lion
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:Artcyclopedia
2367:
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2156:christies.com
2153:
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2136:9781856493123
2132:
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2063:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1968:Art Education
1962:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1921:
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2951:Kate Chopin
2927:Henry James
2880:Sarah Grand
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1920:JSTOR Daily
1831:Art History
1419:Art History
1167:12 February
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3093:Categories
2842:Mona Caird
2297:NYT Review
1756:, page 929
1521:spaeth.net
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1477:24 October
1135:16 October
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