698:
388:(German Industrial Concern; GmbH) fell under the jurisdiction of the WVHA; it was designed to unify the massive business interests of Himmler's SS, taking in profits from the slave labour of concentration camp prisoners. Merging operations, the inspectorate of concentration camps was also incorporated into the WVHA on 13 March 1942. In 1942, the WVHA's main remit was to expand the SS's contribution to the war effort by using forced labor in armaments manufacture and construction projects. Slave labour at the camps was part of the effort to maximize economic utility. Expressing his sentiments regarding the use of prisoners for labour in a memo, Pohl wrote, "SS industries have the task...to organize a more businesslike (more productive) execution of punishment and adjust it to the overall development of the Reich."
45:
117:
105:
214:
2662:
36:
784:, which stated: "The SS was utilised for the purposes which were criminal under the Charter involving the persecution and extermination of the Jews, brutalities and killings in concentration camps, excesses in the administration of occupied territories, the administration of the slave labour programme and the mistreatment and murder of prisoners of war." To that end, the SS and its subordinated entities were officially recognized as a criminal organization in 1946.
562:
365:
396:. When it came to exploiting the working potential of the Jews, this eventually amounted to "annihilation through labour," according to historian David Cesarani. As a commodity of the WVHA, inmates were deliberately worked to death, even when it conflicted with production. This practice was a compromise between Nazi ideological imperatives and the practical needs of a militant Nazi state.
514:
the WVHA in the application process for industrial firms seeking business with the Reich. Estimates provided by Pohl indicate that during the second half of 1944, there were upwards of 250,000 slaves working for private firms, another 170,000 working in underground factories and an additional 15,000 clearing rubble from the Allied bombing raids.
420:) as the Reich subsumed more and more territory. Himmler was likewise inspired by these plans, which were designed to expand SS production and "boost the status of the SS". To accomplish the job of carrying out the FĂĽhrer's vision, Pohl expanded the WVHA, creating the East German Building Supply Works (
380:
Pohl's administrative staff at the WVHA even created evaluative tables that calculated the value of concentration camp inmates as farmed-out wage earners (minus the depreciation of food and clothing), their profit intake from valuables remaining after their deaths (minus crematoria expenses), and any
513:
During the summer of 1944, control of the concentration camps was removed from Pohl's WVHA and executive power was instead given over to local HSSPF offices, which, according to Pohl, occurred for operational reasons. Speer's armaments ministry took over arms production without the intermediation of
822:
Responding to the distribution of these valuables, one of Emil Puhl's colleagues warned him against visiting the camps and complained about dealing in "secondhand goods." Members of the
Reichsbank collaborated with the Nazi Finance and Economics Ministries in maximizing the monetary exploitation of
672:
Amtsgruppe W, among other things, was responsible for the operation and maintenance of various industrial, manufacturing, and service enterprises throughout
Germany and the occupied countries. It was also responsible for providing clothing for concentration camp inmates. In the operation of the
411:
to facilitate a "vertically integrated construction and building supply enterprise" under the administrative oversight of the WVHA. Expansion of the concentration camps and the satellite network was so rapid over such a vast area—with camps hastily opening and closing—that even the WVHA had a
2518:
654:
Amtsgruppe D, which prior to March 1942 was known as the
Inspectorate of Concentration Camps, was responsible, among other things, for the administration of the concentration camps and of the concentration camp
720:
From the onset, many of the SS economic enterprises operated by the SS-WVHA were directly linked to the concentration camp system. Some of the commercial ventures and assets owned or operated by them included:
616:
Amtsgruppe B, among other things, was responsible for the supply of food and clothing for inmates of the concentration camps, and of food, uniforms, equipment, billets, and camp quarters for the members of the
2498:
779:
Since the WVHA fell under the administrative jurisdiction of the SS, it was deemed part and parcel to the legal indictments levied against the greater organization. This included the formal declaration of the
2459:
634:
Amtsgruppe C, among other things was charged with the construction and maintenance of houses, buildings, and structures of the SS, the German police, and of the concentration camps and prisoner of war camps.
574:
322:
234:
510:
was completed in a mere two months using camp labor supplied by Pohl's WVHA. Work on the prestigious wonder-weapon V1 and V2 projects remained bitterly contested between the SS and Speer's ministry.
498:
Another enterprise that fell under the purview of the WVHA—and one Albert Speer was keen on as well—was the construction works at Dora-Mittelbau, the underground complex where the
2062:
495:, among others. To facilitate this integration, the number of slave laborers the WVHA had available increased steadily from 21,400 in 1939, to upwards of 524,286 by August 1944.
2508:
381:
costs recovered from selling their bones and ashes; in total, the average concentration camp inmate had a life-expectancy of nine-months or less and was valued at 1,630 marks.
2789:
2203:
2050:
2549:
142:
2339:
3029:
3213:
1935:
599:
Amtsgruppe A, among other things, discharged the responsibility for financial matters of the SS, including those relating to its concentration camps.
3150:
704:, former Chief of the SS Main Economic and Administrative Dept, standing, is indicted on war crimes charges in connection with the operation of
2324:
316:'s Ministry of the Interior). He oversaw all SS "construction projects and building enterprises" through these offices. Pohl also worked with
3109:
3059:
2614:
2503:
2086:
697:
2454:
2081:
2334:
3044:
2686:
2464:
2138:
2951:
2133:
1928:
455:, which manufactured rubber, synthetic fuels, synthetic explosives, pharmaceuticals, and one of its subsidiaries even produced
44:
1759:
1737:
1718:
1699:
1680:
1661:
1638:
1619:
1598:
1572:
1553:
1513:
1494:
1475:
1453:
1431:
1410:
2375:
2288:
2779:
2439:
2167:
2016:
2574:
2298:
2179:
2121:
1980:
1921:
1801:
1782:
1534:
2901:
2743:
2162:
2011:
3039:
3034:
2226:
2174:
2035:
1975:
645:
278:
3208:
2691:
2028:
416:
megalomania, namely, his plans to erect massive German cities and monuments (masterminded by the young architect
412:
difficult time keeping count of them. The catalyst for the expansion of SS construction initiatives stemmed from
2748:
3203:
2865:
2607:
2157:
2150:
2114:
2023:
1992:
1958:
3049:
2343:
2145:
2126:
2105:
2057:
1987:
1968:
1466:(2010). "The Death Marches and the Final Phase of Nazi Genocide". In Jane Caplan; Nikolaus Wachsmann (eds.).
369:
476:
3134:
3129:
2860:
2242:
2236:
2191:
2098:
1963:
692:
400:
3015:
2983:
2941:
2387:
2186:
2093:
408:
404:
2956:
2784:
2768:
2198:
2045:
2004:
2513:
2961:
2600:
2392:
2210:
2074:
1999:
2946:
2799:
2109:
2069:
1944:
705:
346:
270:
2449:
3082:
2995:
2916:
2906:
2281:
798:
2661:
2645:
2248:
389:
282:
253:
organization responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects of the
3145:
2348:
480:
121:
3023:
2763:
1877:
2531:
2404:
503:
132:
1903:
2794:
2681:
2486:
2293:
534:
1565:
The Theory and
Practice of Hell: The German Concentration Camps and the System Behind Them
295:
8:
3162:
3005:
2968:
2804:
2569:
1907:
484:
429:
673:
enterprises under its control, this
Amtsgruppe employed many concentration camp inmates.
392:
at the camps used murderous brutality to achieve higher quotas from forced labor in its
3157:
3099:
3087:
2875:
2828:
2814:
1771:
893:
891:
550:
488:
460:
2676:
1587:
542:
2880:
2834:
2413:
1797:
1778:
1755:
1733:
1714:
1695:
1676:
1657:
1650:
1634:
1615:
1609:
1594:
1568:
1549:
1530:
1509:
1490:
1471:
1449:
1427:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1524:
888:
517:
In 1947, a detailed description showing the scale of the operation was given at the
3198:
3177:
3104:
3077:
3000:
2936:
2758:
2722:
2712:
2544:
781:
713:
709:
546:
518:
180:
49:
2271:
1347:
3092:
2885:
2855:
2524:
2420:
2363:
2353:
1582:
1441:
578:
537:
530:
326:
238:
2973:
2931:
2753:
2707:
1819:
1463:
507:
372:
in 1945, found thousands of wedding rings that had been stolen from victims of
334:
274:
2444:
1838:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
3192:
2717:
2640:
2624:
2539:
2398:
2358:
2303:
1857:
468:
437:
393:
373:
342:
338:
264:
256:
219:
213:
157:
144:
1363:
35:
3172:
3140:
2990:
2978:
2368:
2319:
1913:
1747:
1302:
417:
413:
317:
116:
110:
1402:
The
Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps
3072:
3067:
2329:
2266:
1837:
1711:
Die
Inspektion der Konzentrationslager, 1938–1945: Das System des Terrors
897:
701:
679:
The WVHA was also put in charge of numerous commercial ventures that the
526:
451:, firms that produced aircraft and aircraft engines; the chemical giant,
299:
197:
561:
525:. Evidence outlined how property and cash worth hundreds of millions of
2839:
2727:
1423:
Hitler's
Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State
793:
566:
472:
354:
345:, glasses, and currency were taken from the inmates on arrival at the
2822:
2651:
2592:
2580:
2380:
1692:
The Wages of
Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy
823:
Jewish and foreign assets of every kind in the occupied territories.
522:
499:
452:
358:
533:. It was collected from the detailed notes that had passed between
456:
16:
Nazi organization responsible for the finances of the
Allgemeine-SS
2790:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
1405:. London and Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
3167:
2870:
2276:
767:
Publishing of books and magazines on Germanic culture and history
572:
Organizationally, the WVHA was made up of five main departments (
444:
1818:
1446:
The Holocaust: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection. Volume 1
1369:
565:
Structure of the WVHA, according to an exhibit presented at the
1856:
1375:
1317:
1182:
350:
136:
999:
1158:
464:
312:
1882:
Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team (H.E.A.R.T.)
364:
2491:
1100:
1098:
712:
in 1947. After making numerous appeals, he was executed in
492:
424:; ODBS) along with the German Noble Furniture Corporation (
250:
1843:
Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20, Day 195, Aug 5 1946
1218:
1110:
1134:
502:
were assembled. This enormous subterranean facility near
467:
steel; one of Germany's foremost aircraft manufacturers,
448:
1242:
1146:
1095:
1071:
1059:
975:
951:
1546:
The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS
1011:
927:
876:
849:
680:
53:
1468:
Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories
1323:
1278:
1254:
1206:
987:
866:
864:
683:
had been increasingly engaged in since the mid-1930s.
1444:(2017). Bartrop, Paul R.; Dickerman, Michael (eds.).
1335:
1266:
915:
903:
549:
during the operation to kill most of the Jews in the
310:("main bureau budget and construction", part of the
1773:
The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945
1122:
1083:
1047:
1035:
963:
1290:
1230:
1194:
1170:
1023:
939:
861:
837:
1875:
1792:Zentner, Christian; BedĂĽrftig, Friedemann (1991).
1770:
1754:. New York; Toronto: NAL Caliber (Penguin Group).
1649:
1586:
1353:
273:and was instrumental in the implementation of the
3190:
1791:
1777:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1381:
774:
1506:Final Solution: The Fate of the Jews, 1933–1945
341:. Valuables such as gold watches, rings, even
2608:
1929:
1730:KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps
1656:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
898:Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Vol. 20, Day 195
288:
1943:
1611:The Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle
443:Slave labor for private companies, included
353:in WVHA-marked crates for processing at the
262:
254:
1878:"SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt - WVHA"
1670:
1652:The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp
1224:
686:
592:, Personnel—Finance, Law and Administration
3214:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
2615:
2601:
2232:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
1936:
1922:
230:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
43:
20:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
1727:
1581:
1164:
1152:
1104:
1077:
1065:
957:
1503:
1017:
696:
560:
399:Concentration camps were constructed at
363:
1910:) and Informationsdesks (1999; R. Golz)
1732:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1673:The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany
1567:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1522:
1484:
1462:
1440:
1284:
1260:
1212:
1116:
909:
277:through such subsidiary offices as the
243:SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt
3191:
2622:
1708:
1647:
1341:
1272:
1005:
969:
843:
755:Wooden furniture design and production
479:; the electrical engineering company,
333:, to oversee financial aspects of the
2785:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
2780:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
2596:
1917:
1768:
1746:
1689:
1562:
1543:
1489:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1398:
1329:
1296:
1248:
1188:
1176:
1140:
1128:
1089:
1053:
1041:
993:
981:
933:
882:
870:
855:
743:Mineral water extraction and bottling
493:DEST (building material and armament)
349:. These items were then sent back to
1824:Judgement: The Accused Organizations
1628:
1607:
1526:The Destruction of the European Jews
1370:Judgement: The Accused Organizations
1236:
1200:
1029:
945:
734:Fine porcelain and pottery factories
2775:Economics and Administration Office
1862:USA v. Pohl et. al - The Indictment
1794:The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich
1593:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1419:
1318:USA v. Pohl et. al - The Indictment
921:
752:Small arms manufacturing and repair
13:
1796:. New York: MacMillan Publishing.
304:Verwaltung und Wirtschaft Hauptamt
80:Hauptamt Verwaltung und Wirtschaft
26:SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt
14:
3225:
2575:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
1896:
1858:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1839:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1820:"Avalon Project, Yale University"
1752:Army of Evil: A History of the SS
758:Military clothing and accessories
2660:
2227:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
1529:. New York: Holmes & Meier.
1508:. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
1426:. New York: Metropolitan Books.
436:and prominent figure within the
279:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
212:
115:
103:
34:
2692:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
1713:(in German). Berlin: Hentrich.
1391:
770:Art acquisition and restoration
556:
422:Ost-Deutsche Baustoffwerke GmbH
337:, the most deadly phase of the
320:, Reich Minister of Economics (
2902:SS-Begleitkommando des FĂĽhrers
2744:Personal Staff ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
1671:Stackelberg, Roderick (2007).
1487:The Final Solution: A Genocide
816:
529:was taken from the victims of
1:
2871:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
2749:Command Staff ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
804:
775:Criminal entity within the SS
370:Buchenwald concentration camp
3135:German Earth and Stone Works
3130:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
3083:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
3006:Security Battalions (Greece)
2876:State Security Police (SiPo)
2849:Police and security services
2243:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
2237:German Earth and Stone Works
1728:Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015).
1631:The Holocaust: A New History
1399:Allen, Michael Thad (2002).
1382:Zentner & BedĂĽrftig 1991
830:
737:Building materials factories
693:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
471:; the metal and tubing firm
368:US troops, while liberating
308:Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten
200:, Chief, SS-WVHA (1942–1945)
83:Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten
7:
3110:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
3078:Germaansche SS in Nederland
2886:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
2388:Disciplinary and Penal Code
1904:Building today (former WVHA
1876:Lisciotto, Carmelo (2010).
1633:. New York: PublicAffairs.
1548:. New York: Penguin Press.
1448:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
787:
386:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetrieb
10:
3230:
2769:Reich Security Main Office
1191:, pp. 33–35, 62, 100.
690:
477:Reichswerke Hermann Göring
331:Reichswirtschaftsminister)
289:Economics of the Holocaust
131:Unter den Eichen 125-135,
3123:SS-controlled enterprises
3122:
3058:
3014:
2924:
2915:
2894:
2848:
2813:
2736:
2700:
2669:
2658:
2633:
2562:
2482:
2475:
2432:
2340:Identification of inmates
2312:
2259:
2219:
1951:
1812:
1709:Tuchel, Johannes (1994).
1648:Sofsky, Wolfgang (1997).
485:Apollinaris mineral water
302:became chief of both the
207:
190:
173:
158:52.4514222°N 13.3097889°E
127:
98:
90:
73:
65:
60:
42:
33:
24:
2881:SS Security Service (SD)
2815:Ideological institutions
1945:Nazi concentration camps
1504:Cesarani, David (2016).
1485:Bloxham, Donald (2009).
1008:, pp. 113–114, 156.
809:
687:SS commercial operations
56:construction site, 1940.
2996:Order Police battalions
2907:Reichssicherheitsdienst
2866:Criminal police (Kripo)
2856:Uniformed police (Orpo)
2764:Head Operational Office
2550:Soviet prisoners of war
2282:SS construction brigade
1675:. New York: Routledge.
1629:Rees, Laurence (2017).
1470:. New York: Routledge.
799:August Frank memorandum
428:) with the aide of Dr.
426:Deutsche Edelmöbel GmbH
269:; SS). It also ran the
3209:Planning the Holocaust
3146:German Equipment Works
2861:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
1608:Read, Anthony (2004).
1523:Hilberg, Raul (1985).
717:
582:
569:
481:Siemens-Schuckertwerke
475:AG, which was part of
377:
330:
263:
261:(a main branch of the
255:
242:
163:52.4514222; 13.3097889
122:German-occupied Europe
3204:Holocaust terminology
3040:SS Division Totenkopf
3035:SS Division Das Reich
3030:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
2532:Sonder- und Ehrenhaft
2450:SchutzhaftlagerfĂĽhrer
1563:Kogon, Eugen (2006).
1544:Höhne, Heinz (2001).
700:
627:, Buildings and Works
564:
367:
357:, under its director
2682:SS and police leader
2646:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2487:Prisoner functionary
2294:Politische Abteilung
2249:SS-Totenkopfverbände
1769:Yahil, Leni (1990).
1694:. New York: Viking.
1690:Tooze, Adam (2007).
1614:. New York: Norton.
1167:, pp. 447, 478.
1143:, pp. 243, 262.
665:, Business—Economics
609:, Payroll and Supply
535:SS and Police Leader
432:, an officer in the
174:Minister responsible
3045:SS Polizei Division
3024:SS-VerfĂĽgungstruppe
3016:Waffen-SS divisions
2969:Rollkommando Hamann
2570:Der Ort des Terrors
2519:Political prisoners
2509:Jehovah's Witnesses
2134:Natzweiler-Struthof
1908:Berlin Lichterfelde
1251:, pp. 203–222.
1119:, pp. 742–743.
984:, pp. 165–167.
936:, pp. 295–296.
924:, pp. 183–187.
885:, pp. 367–368.
858:, pp. 404–405.
706:concentration camps
646:Concentration Camps
583:Ă„mter or Amtsgruppe
271:concentration camps
154: /
21:
3100:British Free Corps
3088:Germanske SS Norge
3050:SS Division Wiking
2829:Das Schwarze Korps
1420:Aly, Götz (2006).
782:Nuremberg Tribunal
718:
570:
551:General Government
378:
74:Preceding agencies
19:
3186:
3185:
3118:
3117:
2895:FĂĽhrer protection
2835:SS-Junker Schools
2590:
2589:
2558:
2557:
2414:Arbeit macht frei
1761:978-0-451-23791-0
1739:978-0-37411-825-9
1720:978-3-89468-158-6
1701:978-0-67003-826-8
1682:978-0-41530-861-8
1663:978-0-69100-685-7
1640:978-1-61039-844-2
1621:978-0-39304-800-1
1600:978-0-199-59232-6
1574:978-0-37452-992-5
1555:978-0-14139-012-3
1515:978-1-25000-083-5
1496:978-0-19955-034-0
1477:978-0-41542-651-0
1455:978-1-44084-832-2
1433:978-0-80507-926-5
1412:978-0-80782-677-5
1332:, pp. 31–36.
996:, pp. 81–82.
405:Lublin (Majdanek)
296:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
226:
225:
191:SS-WVHA executive
3221:
3158:Allach porcelain
3105:Kaminski Brigade
3060:Foreign SS units
2937:Schutzmannschaft
2922:
2921:
2805:Education Office
2800:Personnel Office
2759:SS Medical Corps
2737:Main departments
2723:Heinrich Himmler
2713:Joseph Berchtold
2664:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2480:
2479:
2465:Luftwaffe guards
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1807:
1788:
1776:
1765:
1743:
1724:
1705:
1686:
1667:
1655:
1644:
1625:
1604:
1592:
1589:Heinrich Himmler
1583:Longerich, Peter
1578:
1559:
1540:
1519:
1500:
1481:
1459:
1442:Bartrop, Paul R.
1437:
1416:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1225:Stackelberg 2007
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
886:
880:
874:
868:
859:
853:
847:
841:
824:
820:
725:Land and forests
716:on June 7, 1951.
714:Landsberg Prison
710:Nuremberg Trials
577:
547:Heinrich Himmler
489:Allach porcelain
325:
306:(VuWHA) and the
293:In June 1939 SS-
268:
260:
237:
217:
216:
181:Heinrich Himmler
169:
168:
166:
165:
164:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
147:
120:
119:
109:
107:
106:
69:February 1, 1942
61:SS-WVHA overview
50:Heinrich Himmler
47:
38:
22:
18:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3114:
3093:Schalburg Corps
3054:
3010:
2917:Waffen-SS units
2911:
2890:
2844:
2809:
2732:
2696:
2677:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
2665:
2656:
2629:
2621:
2591:
2586:
2554:
2540:"Race defilers"
2525:Nacht und Nebel
2471:
2428:
2421:Jedem das Seine
2308:
2255:
2215:
1947:
1942:
1899:
1886:
1884:
1866:
1864:
1847:
1845:
1828:
1826:
1815:
1810:
1804:
1785:
1762:
1740:
1721:
1702:
1683:
1664:
1641:
1622:
1601:
1575:
1556:
1537:
1516:
1497:
1478:
1464:Blatman, Daniel
1456:
1434:
1413:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1303:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1044:, pp. 531.
1040:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
992:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:
904:
896:
889:
881:
877:
869:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
833:
828:
827:
821:
817:
812:
807:
790:
777:
764:Fish processing
761:Herbal medicine
746:Meat processing
728:Brick factories
695:
689:
573:
559:
543:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
538:Odilo Globocnik
531:Aktion Reinhard
321:
291:
233:
211:
203:
186:
162:
160:
156:
153:
148:
145:
143:
141:
140:
139:
114:
113:
104:
102:
86:
48:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3151:Klinker-Zement
3148:
3143:
3138:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2984:Volksdeutscher
2976:
2974:Arajs Kommando
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2934:
2932:Einsatzgruppen
2928:
2926:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
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2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
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2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:SS Main Office
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Julius Schreck
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
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2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
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2619:
2612:
2605:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2563:Historiography
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2545:Roma and Sinti
2542:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2528:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2452:
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2172:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2122:Mittelbau-Dora
2119:
2118:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:KrakĂłw-PĹ‚aszĂłw
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1898:
1897:External links
1895:
1894:
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1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:, p. 906.
1374:
1362:
1346:
1344:, p. 174.
1334:
1322:
1301:
1289:
1287:, p. 253.
1277:
1275:, p. 181.
1265:
1263:, p. 173.
1253:
1241:
1239:, p. 818.
1229:
1227:, p. 231.
1217:
1215:, p. 224.
1205:
1203:, p. 389.
1193:
1181:
1169:
1165:Wachsmann 2015
1157:
1155:, p. 488.
1153:Wachsmann 2015
1145:
1133:
1131:, p. 234.
1121:
1109:
1107:, p. 407.
1105:Wachsmann 2015
1094:
1092:, p. 102.
1082:
1080:, p. 162.
1078:Wachsmann 2015
1070:
1068:, p. 464.
1066:Wachsmann 2015
1058:
1056:, p. 100.
1046:
1034:
1032:, p. 799.
1022:
1020:, p. 478.
1010:
998:
986:
974:
962:
960:, p. 485.
958:Longerich 2012
950:
948:, p. 672.
938:
926:
914:
912:, p. 280.
902:
887:
875:
873:, p. 115.
860:
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508:Harz Mountains
394:punitive units
343:tooth fillings
335:Final Solution
290:
287:
283:SS camp guards
275:Final Solution
224:
223:
209:
208:Parent SS-WVHA
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2795:Courts Office
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2718:Erhard Heiden
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2641:Allgemeine SS
2639:
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2627:
2626:
2625:Schutzstaffel
2618:
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2455:Female guards
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2399:Postenpflicht
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2393:Death marches
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2304:Strafkompanie
2302:
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2290:
2289:Camp brothels
2287:
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2279:
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2275:
2273:
2272:Sanitätswesen
2270:
2268:
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2258:
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2250:
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2190:
2189:
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2185:
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2178:
2177:
2176:
2175:Sachsenhausen
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2036:Herzogenbusch
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2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
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2003:
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1976:Bergen-Belsen
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1803:0-02-897500-6
1799:
1795:
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1786:
1784:0-19-504522-X
1780:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1763:
1757:
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1749:
1748:Weale, Adrian
1745:
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1536:0-8419-0910-5
1532:
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1319:
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1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1299:, p. 18.
1298:
1293:
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1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
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1214:
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1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1179:, p. 95.
1178:
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1125:
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1079:
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1055:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1018:Cesarani 2016
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
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438:Dresdner Bank
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3173:Sudetenquell
3141:Ostindustrie
2979:Selbstschutz
2942:Byelorussian
2925:Paramilitary
2827:
2774:
2771: (RSHA)
2623:
2579:
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2419:
2412:
2397:
2335:Forced labor
2325:Action 14f14
2320:Action 14f13
2260:Subdivisions
2247:
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1885:. Retrieved
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1392:Bibliography
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1285:Bloxham 2009
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1261:Blatman 2010
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1213:Hilberg 1985
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1117:Bartrop 2017
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557:Organization
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318:Walther Funk
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146:52°27′5.12″N
133:Lichterfelde
128:Headquarters
111:German Reich
99:Jurisdiction
25:
3178:Anton Loibl
3163:Apollinaris
3073:Germanic-SS
3068:Austrian SS
2687:SS commands
2504:Homosexuals
2445:LagerfĂĽhrer
2330:Early camps
2267:Appellplatz
2163:RavensbrĂĽck
2158:Niederhagen
2024:Gross-Rosen
2012:FlossenbĂĽrg
1959:Arbeitsdorf
1354:Lisciotto,
1342:Sofsky 1997
1273:Sofsky 1997
1006:Sofsky 1997
970:Tuchel 1994
844:Sofsky 1997
702:Oswald Pohl
527:Reichsmarks
519:WVHA trials
347:death camps
300:Oswald Pohl
198:Oswald Pohl
161: /
94:May 8, 1945
3193:Categories
2952:Lithuanian
2840:Lebensborn
2728:Karl Hanke
2670:Leadership
2499:"Asocials"
2440:Commandant
2146:Neuengamme
2106:Mauthausen
2058:Kaiserwald
1988:Buchenwald
1952:Main camps
1887:23 October
1867:23 October
1829:23 October
1330:Allen 2002
1297:Allen 2002
1249:Allen 2002
1189:Allen 2002
1177:Allen 2002
1141:Allen 2002
1129:Allen 2002
1090:Allen 2002
1054:Allen 2002
1042:Tooze 2007
994:Allen 2002
982:Allen 2002
934:Kogon 2006
883:Yahil 1990
871:Weale 2012
856:Höhne 2001
805:References
794:Pohl trial
567:WVHA trial
504:Nordhausen
500:V2 rockets
473:Salzgitter
463:aircraft;
430:Emil Meyer
355:Reichsbank
2991:Trawnikis
2957:Ukrainian
2823:Ahnenerbe
2652:Waffen-SS
2476:Prisoners
2460:Wehrmacht
2433:Personnel
2405:Selection
2381:Muselmann
2252:(Camp SS)
1964:Auschwitz
1848:14 August
1237:Read 2004
1201:Rees 2017
1030:Read 2004
946:Read 2004
831:Citations
575:‹See Tfd›
523:Nuremberg
453:IG Farben
401:Auschwitz
390:SS guards
359:Emil Puhl
339:Holocaust
323:‹See Tfd›
235:‹See Tfd›
91:Dissolved
2962:Estonian
2634:Branches
2409:Slogans
2376:Language
2220:Agencies
2204:subcamps
2192:subcamps
2187:Stutthof
2180:subcamps
2168:subcamps
2151:subcamps
2139:subcamps
2127:subcamps
2115:subcamps
2099:subcamps
2094:Majdanek
2087:subcamps
2075:subcamps
2063:subcamps
2051:subcamps
2040:subcamps
2029:subcamps
2017:subcamps
2005:subcamps
1993:subcamps
1981:subcamps
1969:subcamps
1750:(2012).
1585:(2012).
922:Aly 2006
788:See also
749:Bakeries
655:inmates.
457:Zyklon B
414:Hitler's
409:Stutthof
249:) was a
3199:Nazi SS
3168:Mattoni
3026:(SS-VT)
2947:Latvian
2701:Leaders
2648:(SS-TV)
2277:Subcamp
2199:Vaivara
2046:Hinzert
708:at the
506:in the
461:Junkers
445:Heinkel
247:SS-WVHA
29:SS-WVHA
3137:(DEST)
2369:Yellow
2364:Purple
2344:Badges
2313:Topics
2299:Revier
2239:(DEST)
2211:Warsaw
2000:Dachau
1813:Online
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1358:(2010)
579:German
491:; and
407:, and
351:Berlin
327:German
239:German
137:Berlin
108:
66:Formed
52:at an
2349:Black
2110:Gusen
2070:Kauen
1906:) at
810:Notes
663:Amt W
642:Amt D
625:Amt C
607:Amt B
590:Amt A
465:Krupp
313:Reich
3001:Hiwi
2628:(SS)
2514:Jews
2492:Kapo
2359:Pink
2342:and
2108:and
1902:The
1889:2018
1869:2018
1850:2016
1831:2018
1798:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1715:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1531:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1472:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1356:WVHA
540:and
447:and
384:The
281:and
251:Nazi
228:The
617:SS.
585:):
521:at
449:BMW
3195::
2581:KL
1880:.
1860:.
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1822:.
1304:^
1097:^
890:^
863:^
681:SS
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581::
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487:;
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459:;
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403:,
361:.
329::
285:.
245:;
241::
135:,
54:SS
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2609:t
2602:v
2354:P
1937:e
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232:(
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