272:
686:
was in power. There is no doubt as to his loyalty to the
Republic following the coup d'état of July 1936, which was far more than simple “lealtad geográfica” of many professional officers trapped in the Republican zone. Some scholars claim that in late 1936 he developed a particular knack against the Communists, as he blamed them for his sidetracking from General Staff operations towards other organisational work; he is presented as a man “eaten up with resentment”, though on personal rather than political grounds. His brother seemed related to the Anarchist CNT, but there is no evidence that Segismundo was close to Anarchism; neither is there any data which points to his relation to Socialism. Some authors claim that "he broadly shared Azaña's view of politics", which points to radical left-wing republicanism.
367:
657:; she later gained some recognition as a translator from French. They lived together for six years and had a daughter, María Cristina (surname unclear), who died in 1946. For reasons which remain unknown, the union ended with Casado's departure for Latin America, though apparently Casado was still in love and tried to maintain amorous correspondence at least until the early 1950s. In 1951 he was re-joined by his wife and both children in Venezuela. However, he soon concluded that they were “totally incompatible” and suggested she go back to Spain; details and background of their differences are not known. Nevertheless, the family lived together. Carmen accompanied Casado when he returned to Spain; the children remained in Venezuela.
678:
This might not seem compatible with his entry into professional military service, as at the time the army along the monarchy and the Church were considered pillars of the regime, though on the other hand he was only 15 when applying to the military academy. There is no trace of his political engagements until he was in his early 30s. He did not welcome the Primo de Rivera dictatorship; in his own papers Casado refers to himself as a rebel, though there is no evidence of any rebellious activity recorded. However, at least twice he appeared in military courts defending fellow officers charged with conspiracy against the regime.
123:
510:
post-war army. The
Nationalists demanded immediate and unconditional surrender; and with no such document signed, Casado eventually realised that further negotiations were pointless. On March 26 CND ordered the end of resistance to the Nationalist advance, which commenced the next day. On March 28 Casado flew out of Madrid to Valencia. According to some sources he tried to arrange ships for mass evacuation and in his last radio broadcast he claimed they would be available in Alicante; according to others he did close to nothing in terms of enabling evacuation. On March 29, in
661:
capitanes, and in 1936 both were comandantes. He was recorded as related to the Madrid branch of the
Anarchist trade union CNT. During the civil war he sided with the Republicans and in July 1938 as mayor de caballería was assigned “a las ordénes de la Subsecretaria de Tierra” in the Ministry of Defense. The position he took during the coup of March 1939 is not clear. It is known, however, that the brothers had a falling out and after the war Segismundo explicitly forbade his children to accept any financial help from César.
528:
201:
629:
670:
456:
740:
personal motivations were increasingly focused on, with emphasis on excessive ambition. The advent of social and digital media produced an array of opinions, from those lambasting Casado as traitor to these counting him among the heroes and great patriots, as well as other voices in-between. In historiography the coup was increasingly viewed, not as an act to stop further killing, but as an avoidable error which facilitated the triumph of a
Francoist dictatorship.
758:, a theatrical drama centred on the 1939 coup; its protagonists were Franco and Casado. The work deals with the question of an individual facing great events and does not appear to take sides; it was not published until the 1990s and in the 21st century made it to stage. Casado featured as a protagonist in a few Spanish novels, set in the Madrid of early 1939. In Spanish public discourse it is at times claimed that the iconic actor known as
52:
646:
marriage was annulled. At unspecified time, either in the early or in the mid-1930s, Casado married María del Carmen
Santodomingo de Vega (1911-1976). They had 2 children: Carmen and Segismundo Casado Santodomingo, born in the mid-1930s. In unclear circumstances the family got separated upon Casado leaving Spain in 1939; his wife and children remained in the country and initially sought refuge in the diplomatic legation of
425:, according to some in general staff of “columna Bernal”, and according to others as “jefe de la columna Galán”. In October 1936 he was recalled to Madrid and assumed the role of head of the operations department at the General Staff, reportedly because he was considered an “excellent planner”; he was also promoted to teniente coronel. Other sources claim he was dismissed as head of operations shortly after.
701:. In his papers from the 1950s he refers abusively to Franco as the “Jewish dwarf”; at the same time, when engaged in fruitless discussions on changing his travelling work pattern in Venezuela, he blamed his managers from Indulac for “Jewish mentality”. However, he remained reasonably tractable and for decades he was engaged in at least correct epistolographic exchange with correspondents as distant as
240:; its objectives were preventing a Communist takeover and terminating fratricidal bloodshed during the war, considered already lost. The rebels seized control of the Republican zone; in their quasi-government Casado served as the minister of defense. Negotiations with the Nationalists failed; Casado went on exile, first to Britain and from 1947 to Latin America, returning to Spain in 1961.
307:. In 1912-1916 he followed various courses, e.g. at Curso de Escuela de Equitación Militar, Escuela Central de Tiro and Secciones de Obreros y Explosivos en lor Regimientos del Arma. In 1917 he was deployed with his regiment on public order duties during a general strike. In 1918 Casado entered Escuela Superior de Guerra; in 1919 he was promoted to captain.
322:, deployed mostly as protection of various logistics operations. He was appreciated by superiors, who in reports noted Casado's distinguished role in combat and in the rear. However, following less than half a year in Morocco in 1922 he was withdrawn from the line, and assigned to the Regimento Mixto de Artillería and then to the Comandancia General de
258:. According to his own account during childhood and youth he suffered misery and it was thanks to extraordinary efforts of his parents that he managed to complete education in a local primary school. However, numerous other sources claim that his father was a military officer and served as an infantry captain.
747:; his 2016 work presented Casado as a man obsessed with his own ambition who precipitated a massive humanitarian disaster. In 2018 author Pedro López Ortega published a book that advanced the opposite view: Casado “represented realism and humanitarian sensitivity against folly and fanaticism of the others”.
677:
Casado's political views are not entirely clear, though he was without doubt a man of the Left. In his publications and in his private correspondence he used to refer to his childhood, spent in the misery and poverty of the rural working class, which reportedly made him sensitive to social injustice.
590:
In 1961 Casado returned to Spain; it is not clear whether before doing so he had any contacts with the
Francoist administration. He settled in Madrid at calle Cea Bermúdez and initially was not subject to any juridical or administrative harassment, this despite the fact that in 1943 he had been tried
509:
Casado and the CND continued talks with the
Nationalists. He intended to negotiate a staged surrender, evacuation of all those willing to leave Spain, with the added proviso of no political repression afterwards; he might have even hoped for re-integration of professional Republican officers into the
660:
Casado had at least one brother, César; it is not clear who of the siblings was older. Like Cesar, he also became a professional cavalry officer and both brothers progressed almost simultaneously through the military promotion ladder, e.g. in 1913 both were segundos tenientes, in 1923-1924 both were
497:(CND), which claimed all power in the Republican zone; it was presented as a pre-emptive strike against an imminent dictatorial Communist takeover. Casado was the key man behind CND; during a phone talk with Negrín he refused to budge. He temporarily acted as the CND president, but ceded the post to
598:
In Spain, finding his Nestlé pension was hardly sufficient, in 1962 he applied for a military pension. This triggered an investigation by the authorities, including focus on his role in the
Republican armed forces. Eventually charges of military rebellion were dropped, though he was briefly placed
685:
Casado did not seem to harbor any grievances against the
Republic. Though he did not engage in open politics, he must have been considered a loyal republican officer as, in 1935, he was nominated to the position of commander of the personal guard of the president, even though at the time the Right
501:
the following day and within the body he assumed office as counselor of defence. It is not clear to what extent Casado was commanding CND-loyal troops during fighting against the
Communist-loyal units, fighting that went on in Madrid until March 11. Once CND assumed full control over the Republic,
731:
was rather well received by critics; reviewers presented the book as defense against absurd Communist charges of surrendering the Republic “cuando el pueblo quería continuar la lucha”. Following his death newspapers adhered to a very matter-of-fact tone, at times again presenting him as a man who
645:
In 1920 Casado married María de las Mercedes de la Calle Condado; none of the sources consulted provides any information either on her or on her family, except that she survived the civil war. The marriage did not last and produced no offspring. It is not clear whether the couple divorced or the
428:
In late 1936 Casado remained engaged in organisation, planning and teaching. Following the decision to build mixed brigades he was active raising those units, though instead of the original concept of autonomous operations, he preferred them to be part of divisions. He kept lecturing at Escuela
739:
Since the 1980s most scholars concluded there was no Communist coup d'état planned, which dismantled part of the rationale behind the 1939 coup. Instead of pointing to a coup against “Communist-dominated government”, some authors started to note a coup “against the legal government”. Casado's
689:
In his own papers and in some historiographic literature, Casado is pictured as a man of decisively progressive outlook, determined to fight for democracy, liberty and social justice against any sort of dictatorship – be it a Communist or a Francoist one. It is not clear whether Casado was a
555:, most likely with approval of the London government. He received a stipend from the British Committee for Refugees from Spain; following intervention of the Foreign Office, his allowances were set at a higher rate than normally. In late 1939 he was given a job in the Spanish section of the
721:
In popular discourse of Francoist Spain, Casado was rather absent; if mentioned, he was noted as the one who mounted a pre-emptive anti-Communist strike. This was the thesis repeated also in academic historiography. In his monumental work on the Spanish Civil War, written in the 1960s,
650:. As the premises were stormed by the Francoists she was imprisoned and initially held in a cell with prostitutes. Later the family were denied passports. Casado's efforts to secure their exit, aided informally by British diplomacy in the early 1940s, proved fruitless.
559:; he commented on military issues using the pseudonym of "Coronel Juan de Padilla". According to some scholars, BBC World Service served as a sort of a repository for individuals that British Intelligence thought potentially useful in the future. He wrote
341:. A year later he was posted to the Escuela de Estudios Superiores (later Escuela Superior de Guerra), but this time as auxiliary professor at Curso de Táctica y Servicio de Estado Mayor. According to his own account, from the onset Casado opposed the
726:
presented Casado as a man much less far-sighted than Negrín and perhaps guilty of some political naivete; however, from the narrative he still emerged as a well-intended person, even if somewhat guided by personal grievances against PCE. Casado's
582:
and in the atmosphere of international anti-Franco ostracism, the British were likely to enforce the fall of the Franco regime, an outcome that might see a role for him back in Spain. In 1949 he moved to Indulac, the Nestlé subsidiary for
437:; following an initial advance, the corps failed to reach its objectives. In September 1937 Casado was nominated commander of the newly formed XXI Army Corps, also deployed in Aragon. In March 1938 he assumed command of the Army of
433:; at one point he became the head of the institution. In May 1937 Casado was nominated general inspector of the cavalry. During the summer of 1937 he assumed command of XVIII Army Corps, which at the time mounted an offensive in
280:
1340:
Thomas 2001, pp. 861-884. He was described as “able, cultivated, austere and hard-working; he lived as simply as if he were the most junior soldier, and worked as if he were the commander-in-chief, Thomas 2001, p.
1875:
375:
587:. He spent 12 years there, touring the country as a commercial representative. As he turned 60 he developed various health problems, finding from the mid-1950s his work was getting increasingly challenging.
637:
592:
470:
strategy to keep on fighting. He was increasingly convinced that the war was already lost, and that further resistance would only produce unnecessary deaths, suffering and destruction. He blamed the
299:. Initially he was posted to Regimento Cazadores de Almansa, but was soon transferred to 4. Regimento de Caballería in Burgos; within this unit he was posted to 1. Deposito de Caballos Sementales in
390:
produced military reform and revision of some promotions; in 1931 Casado's ascension to commandant was reversed. Casado continued to work in Escuela Superior; in 1931 he published a study,
750:
In his native town of Nava de la Asunción, until recently there was a minor street named after Casado, but it was renamed and currently in Spain there is none. In 1976
1357:
402:. In late 1934 he was (again) nominated to comandante. In early 1935 Casado was nominated commander of personal detachment of the president (escolta del presidente),
478:. In late 1938 Casado engaged in talks with some politicians about forming an anti-Negrín opposition, and in early 1939 he entered into secret peace talks with the
1449:
653:
In the early 1940s Casado entered into an intimate relationship with an Englishwoman, Norah Purcell, just divorced from a colonial administrator and sinologist
1885:
441:, but in May he returned to Madrid to head the Army of the Centre. Also in May he was promoted to coronel. In February 1939 Casado was promoted to general.
1880:
1351:
1371:
1214:
421:
to the centre of Madrid; the move which might have prevented Azaña's captivity, as the presidential communications unit rebelled. He than served in
482:. In February the conspiracy was already well developed; Casado was its undisputed leader, supported by most of the military command layer, the
608:
578:
as an employee of its Colombian subsidiary, Cicolac. He might have hoped for some role in politics, as he speculated that following the end of
337:
the following year. In 1928 he entered another military course intended for candidates to higher officer ranks, and in 1929 he was promoted to
398:
followed. According to some sources, at the time Casado became one of key advocates of armored units, up to total replacement of cavalry with
1677:
1865:
536:
271:
1596:
1425:
1237:
896:
1243:
1186:
1160:
1144:
in 2018 Segismundo Casado Santodomingo, aged 82, lived in Caracas. Casado had one grandchild, Ivana, who currently lives in Italy,
910:
882:
751:
187:
1727:
1511:"encarnó el realismo y el sentimiento humanitario frente a la insensatez y el fanatismo de otros"", see marketing information at
723:
479:
502:
Casado took part in some juridical proceedings, resulting in death sentences and execution of some Communist leaders, including
1798:
233:
127:
599:
under house arrest. In 1966 he suffered a minor heart attack. To address ongoing financial problems, in 1967 he re-published
366:
567:
was involved. It is not clear when his job at the BBC was terminated and what he was doing for a living in the mid-1940s.
487:
248:
There is little clarity as to Casado's parents. Himself he claimed - and this information is reproduced by the Spanish
345:
dictatorship; documents confirm that in 1927 he defended in military court some individuals involved in the so-called
1670:
628:
1890:
710:
494:
1291:
he joined "la logia masonica madrilena Hispano-Americana no. 2" under the name of "Berenguer", Vinas 2020, p. 213
762:(Fernando Casado) was the son of Segismundo Casado; in fact, he was son to another Republican military official.
315:
221:
252:- that his parents, Tomás Casado Arribas and Tomasa López Quinsano, were farmers, and that his father worked as
1870:
1715:
346:
1527:
1823:
1663:
249:
1410:
compare "anticomunista furibundo con no pocas angustias por la frustración de su carrera", Ramón Tamames,
1541:
1513:
1146:
1084:
in 1939 Casado explitictly forbade his children to accept financial help from her, Preston 2016, p. 307
1067:
942:
834:
460:
450:
237:
1075:
service. Some sources claim her name was Maria de las Mercedes Condado y Condado, Preston 2016, p. 307
1818:
414:
378:
303:. In 1912 he was again transferred to Regimento de Lanceros del Príncipe. In 1913 he was promoted to
1582:
1555:
1310:
1721:
1468:
471:
418:
1813:
1775:
1764:
1738:
387:
319:
225:
139:
122:
1759:
1747:
570:
At some time Casado got professionally involved with the Swiss multi-national food conglomerate
403:
1694:
342:
1200:
924:
824:
779:
349:, and in 1929 he represented in court the officers deemed engaged in rebellious activities in
82:
1709:
706:
694:, which was not necessarily incompatible with some sort of unorthodox, liberal Catholicism.
236:, gradually rising to commander of the Army of the Centre. He is best known as leader of the
1807:
1860:
1855:
733:
422:
300:
330:
8:
1703:
295:. Having completed the curriculum as 15th among 44 graduates, in 1911 he was promoted to
217:
90:
1093:
one scholar suspects that they either divorced or Casado was widowed, Vinas 2020, p. 213
527:
1686:
483:
333:
garrison. He assumed command of a squadron in the Regimento de Lanceros de la Reina in
556:
229:
182:
166:
1643:
Coronel Segismundo Casado López. Defensor de la Justicia, la Libertad y la República
1280:
Coronel Segismundo Casado López. Defensor de la Justicia, la Libertad y la República
615:, it was then issued as a book. It was re-edited to be even more damning to Negrín.
702:
514:, Casado boarded a British warship, which set sail in the early hours of March 30.
177:
172:
1770:
1753:
503:
407:
654:
552:
1443:
467:
1849:
396:
Empleo de la División de Caballería en el Servicio de Exploración estratégica
200:
157:
Commander of an Army Corps (1938), Commander of the Army of the Centre (1939)
110:
1787:
842:
service. In case there are discrepancies between two sources, they are noted
669:
498:
1615:
La agonía de la República: El final de la guerra civil española (1938-1939)
759:
744:
698:
579:
475:
213:
22:
455:
417:, Casado personally decided that Azaña be relocated from his residence in
691:
350:
1876:
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
563:, the book translated and published in record time; one author suspects
697:
Either from childhood or from some point in his adult life he embraced
292:
284:
1655:
406:; from May 1936 he performed the same role serving the new president,
1012:
also "Coronel Padilla" and "Coronel Lelo Portela", Vinas 2020, p. 240
595:
and in 1944 had been sentenced to 12 years in prison for rebellion.
584:
548:
438:
254:
571:
51:
575:
430:
593:
Tribunal Especial para la Represión de la Masonería y el Comunismo
1150:, Instituto Castellano y Leonés de la Lengua service 2018, p. 11
1129:
El archivo privado de don Rafael Fernández de la Calzada y Ferrer
539:
311:
86:
26:
690:
Catholic; it is known that some time in the 1920s he joined the
493:
On March 5, 1939, the plotters declared the constitution of the
647:
511:
434:
334:
291:
As an adolescent in 1907 Casado entered the Cavalry Academy in
106:
323:
1636:
Madrid 1939: del golpe de Casado al final de la Guerra Civil
1030:
Compania Colombiana de Productos Lactas, Vinas 2020, p. 240
1021:
opinion of Angel Vinas, referred after Preston 2016, p. 310
736:
referred to him as “destacado teórico y técnico militar”.
732:
prevented a Communist coup. In the early 1970s historian
564:
1133:
Boletín Informativo Sistema Archívistico de la Defensa
992:
The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
551:
on a British hospital ship. He then travelled to the
326:. In 1923 Casado received the General Staff diploma.
1327:, Madrid 1952, p. 558; José Manuel Cuenca Toribio,
1039:Industrias Lacteas Venezolanas, Vinas 2020, p. 240
466:Throughout 1938 Casado developed doubts about the
212:(10 October 1893 – 18 December 1968) was a
1847:
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1397:R. H. Haigh, D. S. Morris, Anthony R. Peters,
1386:Historia ilustrada de la guerra civil española
664:
517:
474:for prolonging the war in the interest of the
1671:
972:, London 2016, ISBN 9780008163419, pp. 87-115
1886:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Venezuela
1204:, Centro Documental de la Memoria Histórica
743:A major onslaught on Casado was launched by
709:, Cipriano Mera and the Alfonsist pretender
1881:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic
1627:Angel Bahamonde Magro, Javier Cervera Gil,
1622:Madrid, 1939: la conjura del coronel Casado
813:some claim that in 1908, Viñas 2020, p. 213
429:Popular de Estado Mayor, soon relocated to
1678:
1664:
1487:El golpe de Casado y el final de la guerra
1450:El Coronel Casado, gran militar y patriota
1444:Segismundo Casado – heroes de la Republica
1399:The Guardian Book of the Spanish Civil War
822:military career of Casado referred after
238:coup against the government of Juan Negrín
50:
1485:Angel Viñas, Fernando Hernández Sánchez,
1414:, Madrid 1980, ISBN 9788432056598, p. 209
1412:España 1931-1975; una antológia histórica
1401:, London 1987, ISBN 9780704530805, p. 316
804:, Madrid 2020, ISBN 9788490914403, p. 213
668:
454:
1685:
329:In 1924 Casado was recorded within the
1848:
1269:, London 2001, ISBN 0375755152, p. 299
716:
681:Despite reversion of his promotion to
413:According to some sources, during the
1659:
1650:The Last Days of the Spanish Republic
1447:, YouTube service, Agustin Hidalgo,
970:The Last Days of the Spanish Republic
1617:, Barcelona 2015, ISBN 9788498927979
1866:People from the Province of Segovia
216:officer; he served during the late
13:
1645:, Sevilla 2018, ISBN 9788417146474
1607:
1282:, Sevilla 2018, ISBN 9788417146474
1244:Gaceta jurídica de guerra y marina
911:Gaceta jurídica de guerra y marina
310:In 1921 Casado was transferred to
243:
14:
1902:
1834:^President of the Executive Power
1652:, London 2016, ISBN 9780008163419
1638:, Madrid 2004, ISBN 9788496170087
1631:, Barcelona 2000, ISBN 8495379090
1624:, Madrid 2014, ISBN 9788437632674
392:Organización del Ejército Francés
356:
261:
640:with Norah Purcell and daughter
627:
526:
444:
365:
270:
199:
121:
1629:Así terminó la guerra de España
1589:
1575:
1562:
1548:
1534:
1520:
1505:
1496:
1479:
1460:
1436:
1417:
1404:
1391:
1378:
1364:
1344:
1334:
1317:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1272:
1259:
1250:
1230:
1221:
1207:
1193:
1179:
1174:Annuario Militar de España 1923
1167:
1153:
1138:
1121:
1112:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
984:
975:
962:
953:
935:
917:
903:
618:
1325:Síntesis de historia de España
1068:Biografía de Segismundo Casado
943:Biografía de Segismundo Casado
889:
875:
863:
854:
845:
835:Biografía de Segismundo Casado
816:
807:
790:
772:
574:. In 1947 he left Britain for
318:and assigned to a machine-gun
1:
1388:, vol. 2, Madrid 1973, p. 493
1331:, vol. 2, Madrid 1973, p. 388
1323:Antonio Ballesteros Beretta,
765:
802:25 militares de la República
800:, Javier Garcia Fernández,
459:Madrid, few days before the
250:Real Academia de la Historia
228:. Following outbreak of the
222:Primo de Rivera dictatorship
25:, the first or paternal
7:
1201:Ficha de Cesar Casado Lopez
994:, London. 2006, pp. 394-395
752:José María Rodríguez Méndez
665:Outlook and political views
518:Exile and life as a retiree
495:Consejo Nacional de Defensa
10:
1907:
1161:Annuario Militar de España
883:La Correspondencia Militar
756:Ultima batalla en El Pardo
547:Casado was transported to
451:Spanish coup of March 1939
448:
20:
1832:
1799:Spanish Republic in exile
1797:
1737:
1716:Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso
1693:
1469:Casado, ¿Heroe o traidor?
1127:Agustín Carreras Zarama,
1118:Preston 2016, pp. 310-311
1057:Preston 2016, pp. 310-317
1003:Preston 2016, pp. 286-297
981:Preston 2016, pp. 211-236
930:Real Academia de Historia
870:Anuario Militar de España
830:Real Academia de Historia
785:Real Academia de Historia
195:
161:
153:
145:
133:
116:
96:
69:
61:
49:
42:
1838:^^^Interim head of state
1722:Emilio Castelar y Ripoll
1613:Francisco Alía Miranda,
1278:see Pedro López Ortega,
798:Casado López, Segismundo
607:; first serialised in a
1891:Spanish anti-communists
1824:José Maldonado González
1620:Angel Bahamonde Magro,
1568:see e.g. Pedro Corral,
925:Segismundo Casado López
825:Segismundo Casado López
780:Segismundo Casado López
561:The Last Days of Madrid
468:prime minister Negrín's
226:Second Spanish Republic
210:Segismundo Casado López
140:Spanish Republican Army
65:Segismundo Casado López
44:Segismundo Casado López
1836:^^Acting head of state
1466:Alfonso Vila Francés,
1384:Ricardo de la Cierva,
796:see e.g. Angel Viñas,
674:
463:
1871:Spanish army officers
1814:Diego Martínez Barrio
1776:Diego Martínez Barrio
1765:Diego Martínez Barrio
1710:Francesc Pi i Margall
1634:Luis Español Bouché,
1570:La ciudad de la Arena
1426:La traición de Casado
1267:The Spanish Civil War
1147:Texto de Presentación
707:Salvador de Madariaga
672:
458:
1819:Luis Jiménez de Asúa
1760:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1748:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1641:Pedro López Ortega,
1300:Preston 2016, p. 315
1227:Preston 2016, p. 307
734:Ricardo de la Cierva
603:, in Spanish titled
423:Sierra de Guadarrama
404:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
301:Jérez de la Frontera
16:Spanish Army officer
1704:Estanislao Figueras
1687:Presidents of Spain
1256:Preston 2016, p. 24
959:Preston 2016, p. 24
717:In public discourse
83:Nava de la Asunción
1808:Álvaro de Albornoz
1329:Historia de España
1048:Vinas 2020, p. 239
860:Vinas 2020, p. 213
851:Vinas 2020, p. 213
675:
464:
386:The advent of the
232:he sided with the
1843:
1842:
1782:Segismundo Casado
1728:Francisco Serrano
673:1931 constitution
415:coup of July 1936
331:Alcalá de Henares
283:cavalry Academy,
230:Spanish Civil War
207:
206:
183:Battle of Brunete
167:Spanish Civil War
56:Segismundo Casado
1898:
1739:Spanish Republic
1695:Spanish Republic
1680:
1673:
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1431:El Independiente
1423:Agustín Monzón,
1421:
1415:
1408:
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1395:
1389:
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1372:Diario de Burgos
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1352:El libro español
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703:Indalecio Prieto
631:
530:
381:fightings, 1936
369:
305:teniente primero
297:segundo teniente
274:
203:
178:Battle of Jarama
135:
128:Spanish Republic
126:
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100:18 December 1968
79:
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1608:Further reading
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1455:El Confidencial
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990:Antony Beevor,
989:
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729:Asi cayo Madrid
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605:Así cayó Madrid
545:
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359:
343:Primo de Rivera
316:Spanish Morocco
289:
288:
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277:
276:
275:
264:
246:
244:Military career
188:Final offensive
173:Siege of Madrid
120:
105:
101:
81:
80:10 October 1893
75:
73:
57:
45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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968:Paul Preston,
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711:Juan de Borbón
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655:Victor Purcell
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553:United Kingdom
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449:Main article:
446:
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394:, and in 1933
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357:Senior officer
355:
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1572:, Madrid 2009
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1528:Callejero.Net
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1262:
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1245:
1241:1927, p. 84,
1240:
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699:anti-Semitism
695:
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630:
616:
614:
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601:The Last Days
596:
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581:
580:World War Two
577:
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568:
566:
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541:
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507:
505:
500:
499:general Miaja
496:
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489:
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452:
445:Casado's coup
442:
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400:arma blindada
397:
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72:
68:
64:
60:
53:
48:
41:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
1781:
1771:Manuel Azaña
1754:Manuel Azaña
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1577:
1569:
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1540:
1536:
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1507:
1502:Preston 2016
1498:
1490:
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1481:
1474:Le Miau Noir
1473:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1438:
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1424:
1419:
1411:
1406:
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1393:
1385:
1380:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1355:135 (1969),
1350:
1346:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1266:
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1145:
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1128:
1123:
1114:
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1098:
1089:
1080:
1073:La Biografía
1072:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1044:
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1017:
1008:
999:
991:
986:
977:
969:
964:
955:
948:La Biografía
947:
941:
937:
929:
923:
919:
909:
905:
895:
891:
881:
877:
872:1924, p. 634
869:
865:
856:
847:
840:La Biografía
839:
833:
829:
823:
818:
809:
801:
797:
792:
784:
778:
774:
760:Fernando Rey
755:
749:
745:Paul Preston
742:
738:
728:
720:
696:
688:
682:
680:
676:
659:
652:
644:
619:Private life
612:
604:
600:
597:
589:
569:
560:
546:
508:
504:Luis Barceló
492:
480:Nationalists
476:Soviet Union
465:
427:
412:
408:Manuel Azaña
399:
395:
391:
385:
338:
328:
309:
304:
296:
290:
253:
247:
214:Spanish Army
209:
208:
165:
162:Battles/wars
102:(1968-12-18)
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
1861:1968 deaths
1856:1893 births
1801:(1939–1977)
1741:(1931–1939)
1697:(1873–1874)
1164:1913, p. 46
900:1927, p. 84
724:Hugh Thomas
692:freemasonry
611:periodical
351:Ciudad Real
234:Republicans
218:Restoration
1850:Categories
1788:José Miaja
1600:02.08.2017
1586:16.04.2001
1559:28.03.2001
1545:15.05.1992
1514:Libreralia
1493:05.03.2009
1457:06.09.2021
1433:02.03.2019
1375:19.12.1968
1361:09.05.1968
1314:31.03.1944
1247:01.12.1929
1218:30.07.1938
1190:14.01.1936
1109:05.08.1976
1103:Fallecidos
914:01.12.1929
886:19.07.1928
766:References
683:comandante
488:Socialists
484:Anarchists
472:Communists
461:March coup
379:Guadarrama
347:Sanjuanada
339:comandante
293:Valladolid
285:Valladolid
117:Allegiance
76:1893-10-10
62:Birth name
613:El Pueblo
585:Venezuela
549:Marseille
439:Andalusia
196:Signature
1176:, p. 288
576:Colombia
542:, 1950s
486:and the
431:Valencia
419:El Pardo
388:Republic
224:and the
154:Commands
134:Service/
21:In this
1531:service
1517:service
1491:El País
1107:El País
950:service
932:service
787:service
609:Falange
540:Caracas
320:company
312:Larache
255:bracero
149:Colonel
87:Segovia
27:surname
754:wrote
648:Panama
572:Nestlé
512:Gandia
435:Aragon
335:Madrid
220:, the
136:branch
107:Madrid
31:Casado
1476:blog,
324:Ceuta
111:Spain
91:Spain
35:López
146:Rank
97:Died
70:Born
1790:^^^
1784:^^^
1583:ABC
1556:ABC
1542:ABC
1489:,
1472:,
1453:,
1429:,
1358:ABC
1341:863
1311:ABC
1131:,
1105:,
1071:,
946:,
928:,
838:,
828:,
783:,
591:by
565:MI6
557:BBC
314:in
29:is
1852::
1810:^^
1778:^^
1767:^^
1756:^^
1750:^^
713:.
705:,
506:.
490:.
410:.
353:.
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37:.
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