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3102:. They feared that his death would not only stir resentment among Arabs towards the United Kingdom but also potentially strain their relationships with the Hashemite rulers, all of whom were allies in the Middle East. The Saudis expressed their displeasure with rumors of Hussein's repatriation, especially after Hussein expressed his wish to be buried in Mecca, an event the Saudis feared would lead to "pro-Hashemite gatherings." Eventually, the British decided to repatriate him to Amman, with Baghdad as another option they had considered. Upon his arrival, he was greeted by a large crowd that cheered him and followed him to the
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décembre, il se déclare indifférent à la monarchie et libre face aux puissances européennes et va jusqu'à décliner l'offre de débarquement franco-britannique (27 décembre). Son obsession reste le califat. Sa législation en est le signe puisqu'il lance la lutte contre le péché à Médine. Le 30 octobre 1916, les cafés ne peuvent rien vendre durant les heures de prières ; le 3 mai 1917, l'alcool est interdit. Il restaure en janvier 1917 les titres traditionnels arabo-musulmans (chérif, sayyid, shaykh) et abolit les titres turcs (effendi, bey, pacha…).
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1671:. Hussein was very supportive of this campaign because 'Asir traditionally belonged to the Hejaz, and al-Idrisi presence in the area severed his financial and political ties with 'Asir. He gathered an army of about 5,000 men from the Aqil and Bisha tribes, both tribes being from 'Asir, in Mecca and then began to march against al-Idrisi. After an initial defeat due to the heat and a cholera epidemic, he managed to inflict two heavy defeats on the
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2525:"What is requested of you is to protect and to take good care of everyone from the Jacobite Armenian community living in your territories and frontiers and among your tribes; to help them in all of their affairs and defend them as you would defend yourselves, your properties and children, and provide everything they might need whether they are settled or moving from place to place, because they are the Protected People of the Muslims (
2612:, notably those who already lived there and were not coming from foreign countries. However, even after an assurance by McMahon, Hussein did not receive the lands promised by their British allies. McMahon claimed that the proposed lands to be taken in by the new Arab State were not purely Arab. In actuality, McMahon refused to hand over the new lands as the areas in question had already been claimed by the new British ally, France.
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2091:, Hussein seized the opportunity and demanded recognition of an Arab nation that included the Hejaz and other adjacent territories as well as approval for the proclamation of an Arab Caliphate of Islam. High Commissioner McMahon accepted and assured him that his assistance would be rewarded by an Arab empire encompassing the entire span between
1547:. After a series of political assassinations among his uncles vying for the position of Sharif, he gained attention for his independence of thought and was sent back to Constantinople by the reigning uncle at that time in 1892–1893. He remained there for 15 years, until 1908, mainly focusing on raising his children, learning the politics of the
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11205:في منتصف عام 1921م، وكفرصة أخيرة، وصل إلى مكة الضابط الإنجليزي توماس إدوارد لورانس.. «لورانس العرب»، الذي حمل معه رسالة أخيرة لشريف مكة، وعرض فيها إبرام معاهدة «أنجلوهاشمية»، شرط أن يوافق على نتائج الحرب ووعد بلفور، مقابل أن تضمن بريطانيا أمن وسلامة مملكة الحجاز، من هجوم عبد العزيز بن سعود، لكن الشريف رفض العرض، ولم يقبل بوعد بلفور..
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governor of Abha, Suleiman Pasha, after he began wanting to administer the territories he managed to reconquer according to
Bedouin and Sharifian norms, as previously. This led to a rupture between the two commanders, and Hussein decided to withdraw from 'Asir after having pursued the defeated Idrisid forces for some time.
2689:, calling it illegitimate. After him becoming Caliph, he continued on this path, stating: "I consider Zionism unjust towards Muslims, Christians and Orthodox Jews, and as a protector of justice, I will resist this unjust Zionism". This contributed to aggravate his relationship with the Zionists towards a breaking point.
2529:) – about whom the Prophet Muhammad (may Allah grant him His blessings and peace) said: "Whosoever takes from them even a rope, I will be his adversary on the day of Judgment". This is among the most important things we require of you to do and expect you to accomplish, in view of your noble character and determination".
72:
3007:, religious books, he also read Arabic newspapers in the mornings. However, he still went to see horse-races and had brought Arabic horses in his exile that he treated "like his own family". Hussein also did some interviews with the press during his exile. He received some visitors, such as Sheikh Fuad al-Khatib,
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2314:, helping themselves with their superior knowledge of the Arabian and Syrian deserts. This conflict was marked by widespread ethnic cleansing directed at non-Turkish populations in the areas affected. The troops of Hussein also committed war crimes, deciding to execute Turkish troops responsible of the
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In the same perspective, he financially supported the members of the exiled
Ottoman dynasty to prevent them from being ruined. Despite his complicated financial and economic situation, he provided them with 2400 liras. The claim to the title was recognized by a large part of the Hejazi, Levantine and
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to power. Upon his arrival, he met CUP representatives who greeted him as the "Constitutional Sharif," intending to gauge his response to such a designation. He replied: "Verily these are the lands of Allah in which nothing will ever stand except the
Shariah of Allah The constitution of the lands of
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community; though it is possible that one exists, there is no mention of him having visited a
Turkish mosque in Nicosia. He met with the Armenian Archbishop of Nicosia in 1926 and received a warm welcome, after that, he donated drums and instruments to the Armenian community of the island, including
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The services rendered by the
Ottoman family to Islam and Muslims are undeniable; their heroism cannot be belittled. The recent decision regarding the family has pierced the hearts and saddened the spirits of Muslims. Therefore, we see it as an obligation of Islamic brotherhood to meet the needs of
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considers it to be the oldest declaration by a head of state to recognize the
Armenian genocide. Alongside this, he gave citizenship to his Armenian subjects. According to survivors of the Armenian genocide, such as Levon Yotnakhparian, Hussein personally received him and was shocked by the news of
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By declaring an Arab revolt in 1916, Hussein bin Ali, the
Hashemite governor of Hijaz , became the leader of pan-Arabism, with a plan to see the Arab territories formed into a single independent Arab state after the defeat of the Ottomans. But this scenario contradicted the aims of the clandestine
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Central File: Decimal File 867.9111, Internal
Affairs Of States, Public Press., Newspapers., Turkey, Clippings And Items., March 22, 1924 – March 12, 1925. March 22, 1924 – March 12, 1925. MS Turkey: Records of the U.S. Department of State, 1802–1949: Records of the Department of State Relating to
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Dès l'automne 1916, il commence à imprimer sa marque dans le Hejâz, puisque le corps sénatorial qu'il constitue le 7 octobre est composé notamment des muftis chafite et malékite, mais pas des représentants du rite hanafte – offciel dans l'empire ottoman – ni hanbalite – celui des wahhabites. Le 23
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can only disapprove of". In this regard, he promulgated in 1917, in a decree: "In the name of Most
Merciful Allah and our prophet Muhammad, we are addressing our Arab brothers (...) to take Armenian refugees in their families, to share with them their belongings – camels, food, shelter, blankets –
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When Sayyid
Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, and the Hashemites organized an "Arab" revolt during World War II, he garnered support from across the entire region, including the Levant. By the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Arabization of the Levant had reached the point that the traditional
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and turned out to be a potent propaganda weapon for the Hashemites, who portrayed the Ottomans as desecrating Islam's most holy site. Hashemite forces in Mecca were joined by Egyptian troops sent by the British, who provided much needed artillery support, and took Mecca on 9 July 1916. Also on 10
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Au Hedjaz, l'émir Hussein tente de faire le ménage pour donner une image correcte de son pays. Il fait tuer les chiens galeux, tente d'assurer la sécurité sur les routes pour ne plus livrer les pèlerins aux bandits qui pullulent, et cherche à dissimuler les marchés aux esclaves qui indignent les
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forces and where Suleiman Pasha, the Ottoman governor of the city, was entrenched. Overall, he was able to defeat the opposing forces. However, during this campaign, he seems to have been shocked by the violence of the Ottoman troops against the revolted and had a heated dispute with the Ottoman
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to the American Diplomatic Agency in Cairo confirming that "...Britain, France and Russia agreed to recognize the Sherif as lawful independent ruler of the Hejaz and to use the title of "King of the Hejaz" when addressing him, and a note to this effect was handed to him on December 10, 1916".
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dispatch, instead set the date as March 7, 1924, and describe Hussein bin Ali being elected as a caliph by Muslims from "Mesopotamia, Transjordan, and Hejaz". A third counting of the official date takes place when he received the homage of the majority of the Arab population in
2016:
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He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus was left in a very precarious position, the British decided progressively to stop supporting him after the proclamation of his caliphate and the refusal to sign any treaty with them. Thus, they decided to support
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Having received a British subsidy totalling £6.5m between 1916 and April 1919, in May 1919, the subsidy was reduced to £100K monthly (from £200K), dropped to £75K from October, £50K in November, £25K in December until February 1920 after which no more payments were made.
2111:, and the Syrian coast. However, at that time, the British scarcely thought about the promises made; their primary concern was winning the war and dismantling the Ottoman Empire. The fate of the Arab populations and the division of territory were left for a future date.
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musulmans français. Officiellement interdits par le gouvernement turc en 1908, ces marchés sont tellement ancrés dans la culture locale qu'ils se poursuivent au vu et au su de tous. On y achète un homme, une femme ou un enfant pour une somme allant de 1 000 à 3 000 F.
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carried out by the Young Turks against the Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, and is not necessarily linked to British support. This support would therefore be contingent and the revolt would have still occurred without their help. This point was shared at the time by
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asked Cairo to procure Hussein's signature to both treaties and agreed to make a payment of £30,000 conditional on signature. Hussein declined and in 1921, stated that he could not be expected to "affix his name to a document assigning Palestine to the
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http://www.presidentialcommissioner.gov.cy/anthropos/anthropos.nsf/All/7572C467177529A1C225842D00303507/$ file/%CE%9F%CE%B9%20%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9%20%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82%20%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85.pdf?OpenElement
8137:وذكر الوثائقي أنه في 1924م، اندفع الشريف الحسين بن علي متشبثاً برداء النبوة ليعلن نفسه خليفة للمسلمين، فتلقى بيعة واسعة في الحجاز والشام، الأمر الذي زاد من غضب بن سعود، فكان إعلان الخلافة القشة التي قصمت ظهر البعير، فقرر بن سعود غزو الحجاز فوراً.
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letters to the Grand Sherif could not be found; if they are still unavailable it may be somewhat awkward when King Hussein produces the originals. (...) Failing a satisfactory solution King Hussein will have some grounds for considering that
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Representation Of Hedjaz At The Peace Conference: Hussein Bin Ali's Correspondence With Colonel Wilson; Status Of Arabic Countries; King's Rejection Of 'Hedjaz' Title. Paris Peace Conference 1919: Representation Of Hedjaz, Feb. 24, 1919,
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After the fall of Aqaba, the Arab forces, supplemented with British auxiliaries and with the design of joining forces with the British main armies, which were trying to break out of Egypt and Palestine, managed to join them. During the
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aimed at rescuing Armenian deportees. According to testimonies, this method is said to have saved up to 4,000 people from the genocide, in collaboration with Hussein al-Attrache, a Druze chieftain who then disguised the refugees as
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to foreigners". He refused again to accept the Balfour Declaration in 1923, and stated : "I look at the people of Palestine as I look at my own family, without distinction between Muslim, Christian, Jewish, or nationalist".
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For his actions during the Armenian genocide, Hussein was awarded the title of "Righteous of the Armenian genocide" by Armenian researchers. On Friday 24 April 2015, on the occasion of the centennial of the Armenian genocide,
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and persecution of ethnic minorities, including Arabs. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, although it is debated as to what extent the British were influential in his choice, he proclaimed the
3448:. A school is named after him in Ma'an. His house in Aqaba was restored in 2023 at the initiative of the Jordanian government and subsequently reopened to the public in 2024. A brigade of the Jordanian army bears his name.
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respectively. Despite their explanations, he stated that Palestine should be included within the borders of the newly founded Arab Kingdom and should refuse Zionist settlers, even if he was ready to accept Jewish people in
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didn't want to allow him being buried there. Local dignitaries and leaders wanted him to be buried in the al-Aqsa mosque compound. This idea was kept and after a procession where 30,000 people took part, he was buried in
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Al-Madrasa al-Arghuniyya: endowed and built by amir Arghun al-Kamili in 1358 (it now houses the tombs of the founder and Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, the Sharif of Mecca and leader of the Arab Revolt during the First World
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3146:", in a walled enclosure decorated with white marble and carpets. His son Faisal, with whom the relationship was the worse at that point, didn't attend his funerals, claiming he had "government business" to attend to.
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2214:, there ensued over a month of bloody street fighting between the out-numbered, but far better armed Ottoman troops and Hussein's tribesmen. Indiscriminate Ottoman artillery fire, set fire to the veil covering the
2893:, but even provided weapons to Ibn Saud, which eventually took Mecca, Medina, and Jeddah. The British offered several times to assist him and to stop supporting the Saudis, in exchange for his recognition of the
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It seems that this campaign had a very negative impact on how Hussein viewed the Ottoman presence and actions in the Levant, and it is possible that from this moment on, he was already on the verge of rebellion.
2909:, Muslim powers, and Western powers; however, they did not intervene and merely monitored the events. The British were highly negative towards him since he assumed the caliphal title and refused to support him.
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1718:
was the flag of Hussein bin Ali. The flag consists of three horizontal stripes (black, white, and green) and a red triangle on the hoist side. Each color has a symbolic meaning : black represents the
10427:"Sunan Abi Dawud 3052 –Tribute, Spoils, and Rulership (Kitab Al-Kharaj, Wal-Fai' Wal-Imarah) – كتاب الخراج والإمارة والفىء – Sunnah.com – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)"
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in the event of a conflict, and potentially giving the Red Sea to the British. As a result, the French did not support it at all, preferring to wait and see how events unfolded. Meanwhile, they had the
1935:
All of these points led to a violent rupture between Arab elites and the Ottoman political class, and are reflected in Hussein's later proclamation of independence, where he presented his struggle as a
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3082:, attended the funeral and started making preparations and requesting the British for his repatriation, believing that he didn't have much time left to live and that they needed to be by his side.
2972:(which was recently transferred from Hijazi to Transjordanian sovereignty by the British). Britain – responding to Ibn Saud's plea that the Sharif be expelled from Aqaba – exiled him from Aqaba to
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from 1925, with his sons coming to visit him at some times, even if his relationships with them were strained, except for Zeid who came to visit him the most. According to the British governor of
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11740:
11261:
11136:وكشف الفيلم عن الاتفاقيات التي تمت بين عبدالعزيز بن سعود وبريطانيا والتي بدأت بالاعتراف باستقلال نجد ومد جيش عبدالعزيز بن سعود بالأموال والأسلحة شرط أن يحارب حلفاء العثمانيين في الجزيرة العربية.
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The legitimacy of his Caliphate is disputed; however, the date of end can be assigned to his loss of the Harayman, in 1925 or to his death, in 1931. Both interpretations can be found in sources.
1426:
was appointed as the Sharif, becoming the first Sharif of the Dhawu Awn branch and ending the centuries-long dominance of the Dhawu Zayd. He reigned until 1851, when he was replaced by Sharif
3023:
population considered him to be a very wealthy man and therefore tried to win his favors. Meanwhile, he was entangled in legal matters regarding property income in Egypt, among other things.
3413:
from Armenian survivor Levon Yotnakhparian, when he discusses the help Hussein provided to the survivors and to save victims. This book subsequently gave birth to a movie of the same name.
2432:, which was already present because of their differences in religious beliefs and with whom he had fought before the First World War, siding with fellow anti-Saudis, the Ottomans in 1910.
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the family and prevent them from experiencing financial difficulties. Those who wish to participate in this great endeavor should express their intentions to our representatives in Mecca.
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and was thus arguably one of the most inclusive Islamic Congresses in history. The Congress held twelve sessions before being indefinitely adjourned due to the advance of Saudi forces.
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2047:; over the period 14 July 1915 to 10 March 1916, a total of ten letters, five from each side, were exchanged between Sir Henry McMahon and Sherif Hussein. McMahon was in contact with
12184:
2326:, in September 1918, Hussein's troops led by his son Faisal, joined the British forces and managed to utterly destroy the 4th, 7th and 8th Ottoman armies, and push into retreat the
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1578:
Following the removal of his predecessor in October and the sudden death of his successor shortly thereafter, Hussein was appointed grand sharif by official decree of the sultan
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Le chérif Hussein accompagne son mouvement insurrectionnel d'une proclamation officielle où il accuse les Ottomans d'impiété, mais sans aborder la question du nationalisme arabe
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Sharifa Abidiya bint Abdullah (died Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, 1888, buried there), eldest daughter of his paternal uncle, Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca;
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Starting at the end of the war, Hussein found himself in severe conflict with Britain's views on the subject of Palestine. In January and February 1918, Hussein received the
2227:, a hill station near Mecca, which after an initial repulse settled down into a siege. With the British-Egyptian artillery support, Abdullah took Ta'if on 22 September 1916.
1978:
claims in 1916, after his proclamation of independence, he became the leading figure behind whom the pan-Arabs rallied, and is therefore frequently regarded as the father of
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but wasn't able to take it for a year, thus impeding the operations. During this battle, the Ottomans killed and deported the civilian Arabic population of Medina into the
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Cultural Crossroads in the Middle East: The Historical, Cultural and Political Legacy of Intercultural Dialogue and Conflict from the Ancient Near East to the Present Day
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3106:. There, while in Amman, he published a series of texts in al-Yarmouk, an Arabic newspaper, where he defended his actions and stated once again that he was against the
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as extremist, the British and the Zionist media engaged in press campaigns against Hussein, where his positions were misrepresented. They also engaged heavily against
3200:(Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, 1879 – Larnaca, Cyprus, 12 July 1929, buried there at the Hala Sultan, Umm Haram, Tekke), daughter of Salah Bey and granddaughter of
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led Hussein to fear for his life if he was deposed in favour of Ali Haidar. The revolt proper began on 10 June 1916, when Hussein proclaimed the independence of the
1611:
1507:
During Abdullah's reign, Hussein became familiar with the politics and intrigue surrounding the Sharifian court. He also participated in numerous expeditions to the
12037:
2707:, Hussein was proclaimed as Caliph. The accounts on the official date and proceedings vary, some place the beginning of the Caliphate on 3 March 1924, when Hussein
12462:
3294:
2048:
8260:
Politically, Pan-Arabism was first endorsed by Sharif Hussein bin Ali (1908–1917), the Sharif of Mecca, who wanted to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1543:
In 1875, he married Abdullah's daughter, Abdiyah, his cousin. In 1877, Abdullah died, and Hussein, along with his cousin Ali ibn Abdullah, received the rank of
12154:
3220:
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As his health continued to deteriorate and as he was paralyzed by a stroke at age 79 in 1930, the British became increasingly inclined to send him back to the
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2338:, thus leaving the Palestinian and Arabian front without defence, and finally breaking inside the Ottoman Empire. The battle happened at the same time as the
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The willingness of the Ottoman government to depose Sayyed Hussein bin Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, only made the gap between the Hashemites and the Turks wider
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Proclamation of independence of Hussein, 27 June 1916. In it, Hussein only used religious reasons, and not nationalist ones, to explain why he was revolting.
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Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī, « الملك حسين / al-Malik Ḥusayn », dans الأعلام / al-A'lām, vol. 2, Bayrūt , 2002, 15th éd. (1re éd. 1967), 249–250 p.
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as the caliph, on March 11, 1924. Finally, a fourth version places the date on Friday, March 14, 1924, when Hussein is evidently enthroned as caliph in
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1743:, to which Hussein bin Ali belonged. The flag became a symbol of Arab nationalism and unity and is still used today in various forms in the flags of
1523:, including the skills necessary to withstand the harsh desert environment. During his travels, he also gained a thorough knowledge of the desert's
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Hussein for his part was willing to allow Jews to settle in Palestine and give them access to the Holy Places, but would not accept a Jewish state.
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Al-Shyyab, Ibrahim Ahmad (2020). Mohammad Ali Ajlouni: A Figure of the Great Arab Revolt (1893–1971). Palarch's Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt.
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ready to assume the caliph title if necessary, offering the French a caliph who was more aligned with their interests, albeit less significant.
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where he read a letter in which "Husayn ibn Ali was recognized as sovereign of the Arab nation. Then all those present arose and proclaimed him
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Sharifa Khadija bint Abdullah (1866 – Amman, Transjordan, 4 July 1921), second daughter of Amir Abdullah Kamil Pasha, Grand Sharif of Mecca;
2916:, briefly assumed the throne of the Hejaz, but then he too had to flee from the encroachment of the Saudi forces. Another of Hussein's sons,
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1928:. The relationship between Hussein and the Committee of Union and Progress worsened even more after the discovery and foiling of a plot by
10376:, Raeda Al-Nahar, Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Arts, Middle East University for Graduate Studies, April, 2009
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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".
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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".
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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".
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Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)".
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9143:"Armenian National Institute -- ARABIC LANGUAGE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE SOURCE MATERIALS NOW AVAILABLE ON ARMENIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE WEBSITE"
8043:"Al-Sharif, Al-Hussein Bin Ali between the Zionists and the Palestinians in 1924 A decisive year in the political history of Al-Hussein"
2497:. First, he condemned the genocide publicly as early as 1916, stating "We specifically bring to the world's condemnation the atrocities
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History, Grades 10‒12, Chapters in the Modern History of the Middle East, George Salama, Maktabat Al-Khouri (Permit: 317), 2009, p. 73.
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Teitelbaum, Joshua (1998). "Sharif Husayn ibn Ali and the Hashemite Vision of the Post-Ottoman Order: From Chieftaincy to Suzerainty".
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2968:. During this period, King Hussein is described as having taken over control that his son wielded, and therefore was sent to live in
2898:
2452:. He also addressed the issue of stray dogs, attempted to ensure the security of the Hajj routes, and sought to combat the prevalent
2275:, King of the Arabs". During the whole duration of the war, Hussein's troops stayed underequipped and lacking artillery – which the
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and a British colonel. Despite having welcomed them with respect, he would not change his position. As his stance was seen by the
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8771:. Thomas Leiper Kane Collection. London: issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs Oxford U.P.
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10885:"Factors of stability and sustainable development in Jordan in its first centenary 1921–2021 (an analytical descriptive study)"
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1998:
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Muhammad was reinstated to power in 1856, and Hussein, then two or three years old, accompanied his father and grandfather to
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of the Kingdom of Hejaz. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son
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9329:
9289:
9118:
9085:
9030:
8809:
8776:
8685:
8631:
8563:
8414:
8284:
8245:
8174:
8008:
7878:
7805:
7749:
2801:
2065:
1197:
702:
13406:
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11833:
11300:
10303:
9880:
9658:
9585:
9515:
2547:. His son, Faisal, provided free transportation to all Armenian refugees for their trip towards the British refugee camp in
1441:. Muhammad quickly died in 1858 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sharif Abdullah Pasha, Hussein's uncle. He returned to
14090:
13446:
12964:
3590:
2001:
up to 1914 and was convinced that it was necessary to separate from the increasingly nationalistic Ottoman administration.
2249:, future Abdullah I of Jordan. Hussein mostly stayed in Mecca to direct the operations, while his sons were fighting. The
14140:
13818:
13763:
12697:
11619:
11361:
10804:
Schiocchet, Leonardo (August 2011). "Far Middle East, brave new world: the building of the Middle East the Arab Spring".
3180:
The sons of Sharif Hussein, King of Hejaz: King Ali of Hejaz and King Faisal I of Iraq and King Abdullah I of Transjordan
2851:
To reinforce his proclamation and establish legal foundations for his caliphate, Hussein convened an Islamic Congress at
2575:
rule of France and the United Kingdom. The British Government subsequently made Faisal and his brother Abdullah kings of
1445:
after his father's death, at a young age, when his uncle Sharif Abdullah called them back, with his mother in 1861–1862.
12552:
12522:
14180:
14135:
13758:
12454:
10206:
3205:
2901:, the British not only supported Ibn Saud against Hussein bin Ali but they also supported him subsequently against the
2886:
2010:
12431:
11055:. Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia. Translated by Greenman, Joseph. Leiden: Brill.
8620:"5.A Case Study in Centralization: The Hijaz under Young Turk Rule, 1908–1914, The Grand Sharifate of Husayn Ibn 'Ali"
2572:
14170:
14080:
14075:
13900:
13823:
12786:
12635:
9111:
Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies
2385:
2077:
880:
62:
12582:
12146:
10849:"Correspondance d'Orient: revue économique, politique & littéraire / directeurs: Chekri-Ganem, Dr Georges Samné"
9142:
2310:
quickly and this allowed them to project themselves farther; they still ambushed Ottoman troops, such as during the
13688:
13680:
13344:
12273:
12244:
12068:
11946:
11217:
6911:
3956:
1784:
1453:
Hussein was raised at home, unlike other Hashemite youth who were typically sent outside the city to grow up among
480:
31:
9989:
9760:
9683:
14220:
14205:
8619:
7602:
3546:
3425:
3058:
2704:
2170:
1616:
1204:
1072:
13426:
10667:
10486:
10396:
2538:
what was happening. He also supported Armenian survivors and provided men and protection for expeditions in the
14145:
13848:
13204:
13083:
13044:
11596:
10518:"Armenian Diaspora in Jordan between the 'Myth of Return' and Reality in Transnationalism Era Randa Musharbash"
9753:"Agrégation d'histoire, agrégation de géographie et CAPES d'histoire-géographie Le Moyen-Orient de 1876 à 1980"
3135:
3075:
3034:
He tried to be friendly towards the various ethnic communities on the island but was particularly close to the
2973:
2073:
2062:
1293:
1017:
281:
228:
145:
110:
10434:
8982:"Türk Standartları Enstitüsünün (TSE) Kuruluşu Bağlamında Türkiye'de Standardizasyon Politikaları (1923–1960)"
14155:
14085:
3834:
2624:
2354:. Since the war was seemingly won, and the Ottoman defences were crumbling, Faisal projected himself towards
751:
13416:
13396:
13376:
8906:"Image 9 of The king of Hedjaz and Arab independence, with a facsimile of the proclamation of June 27, 1916"
7977:
7902:
2291:
in the desert ; for example by severing Ottoman supplies with the bombings of specific sections of the
13793:
13753:
13743:
13292:
12363:
10266:"The Unique Document of the Emir of Mecca from 1917: "Help the Armenians How You Would Help Your Brothers""
9608:
8939:"Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916"
8362:"Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916"
6745:
3852:
2197:
1615:
Hussein bin Ali brings a holy carpet to Jerusalem in 1914; The Sharif can be seen in the carriage with the
1423:
1368:
1225:
783:
13309:
9167:
Shirinian, George N. (2015). "Turks Who Saved Armenians: Righteous Muslims during the Armenian Genocide".
1967:. They assured him of their support in case of revolt and recognized Hussein as the representative of the
13918:
13748:
13738:
12960:
3460:
2534:
2280:
830:
657:
10265:
10114:
3164:'Haḏa qabru ʾamīri ʾal-mūˈminīna ʾal-Ḥusayn bnu ʿAlī' which translates "This is the tomb of the
1430:
of the Dhawu Zayd. After being deposed, he sent his family and sons to reside in the Ottoman capital of
14225:
14160:
13889:
13882:
13813:
13492:
13254:
12846:
8406:
7935:
Mousa, Suleiman (1978). "A Matter of Principle: King Hussein of the Hijaz and the Arabs of Palestine".
7718:"Part II. The Emergence of Nationalism: Politics and Power – Nationalism in the Middle East, 1876–1945"
3498:
2733:
2153:
2122:
should not be overestimated. The deep-rooted reason for the Arab revolt, according to him, remains the
2058:
1683:
1664:
1427:
1154:
870:
11675:
https://www.aalalbayt.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/The-Papers-of-al-Sharif-Hussein-bin-Ali-ebook.pdf
11534:
2747:
2298:
2283:, among others. This lack of artillery and high mobility ; since most of the troops were mounted
2230:
14175:
14042:
13843:
13733:
13630:
13319:
13297:
13197:
11662:
8277:
The emergence of Arab nationalism; with a background study of Arab-Turkish relations in the Near East
7702:
7511:
7411:
7388:
7259:
7236:
7092:
7069:
7044:
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3341:
3323:
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3090:
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1253:
1181:
alike. However, he received support from a large part of the Muslim population of that time and from
965:
677:
12881:
Arabia infelix: Britain Sharif Hussein and the lost opportunities of Anglo-Arab relations, 1916–1924
2732:
during the Friday prayer. In any case, all sources agree on a date in March 1924, shortly after the
14125:
13351:
13105:
12115:
10517:
10081:"The Battle of Dobro Polje – The Forgotten Balkan Skirmish That Ended WW1 – MilitaryHistoryNow.com"
9212:"From Pre-Islam to Mandate States: Examining Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Bleed in the Levant"
7434:
7282:
5593:
3583:
2913:
2869:
His Caliphate only lasted for a few months, though, because he was invaded and defeated quickly by
2323:
2080:
1237:
897:
697:
2335:
1469:. Among his teachers was Sheikh Muhammad Mahmud at-Turkizi ash-Shinqiti, with whom he studied the
14130:
14110:
14004:
13923:
13708:
9786:
7733:
7118:
3406:
3385:
In the early 21st century, Hussein was a regular character in the 'burgeoning' Jordanian cinema.
3315:
2890:
2367:
1715:
1672:
1668:
1289:
1158:
492:
11148:
Nuruzzaman, Mohammed (4 May 2017). "Conflicts in Sunni Political Islam and Their Implications".
1406:
in 1201 and were the last of the four branches of Hashemite sharifs who, together, had governed
1224:
and limiting the power of the sultan-caliph. While his armies, led by his sons, were engaged in
13431:
12401:
11053:
Islamic ecumenism in the 20th century: the Azhar and Shiism between rapprochement and restraint
8402:
7609:
3541:
3322:
upon his assassination in 1958, but never actually ruled as Iraq became a republic. Married to
2957:
2812:
2774:
2716:
2580:
2441:
2409:
2279:
didn't want to give, seing that front as utopical and not as important as the fight was in the
2211:
1871:
1820:
1277:
1170:
1098:
946:
712:
217:
11784:
11621:
Conflict and Peace in the Middle East: National Perceptions and United States-Jordan Relations
11400:
8392:
8309:
7741:
7717:
3201:
2241:
After this, and for most of the war, Hussein's sons directed the fighting ; most notably
14065:
13989:
13723:
13718:
13595:
13575:
13386:
13356:
13033:
12900:
12838:
12021:
11889:
8398:
7516:
3534:
3486:
3481:
3452:
3184:
Hussein, who had four wives, fathered five sons and three daughters with three of his wives:
3107:
3008:
2604:
2276:
2162:
1989:, Hussein initially remained allied with the Ottomans but began secret negotiations with the
1878:, who were the largest minority in the Empire, and was openly criticized by Hussein bin Ali.
1808:
1587:
1308:, on 23 December 1925, Hussein surrendered to the Saudis, bringing the Kingdom of Hejaz, the
1193:
941:
766:
550:
505:
8875:
3363:
2115:
2054:
throughout, and Grey was to authorise and be ultimately responsible for the correspondence.
1367:
in 1853 or 1854. He was the eldest son of Sharif Ali bin Muhammad, who is the second son of
1327:
kept him prisoner until his health deteriorated so much that they allowed him to go back to
14150:
14095:
14070:
14024:
13994:
13954:
13949:
13853:
13728:
13565:
12455:"King visits Al Husseini Mosque upon returning to Jordan to check aftermath of recent fire"
12334:"Lebanese Sunni Muslim Leader Speaks out on Armenian Genocide and Turkey's Founder Ataturk"
10896:
10646:
https://www.randomlengthsnews.com/archives/2017/03/17/journey-armenian-genocide-crows/16602
9211:
7635:
7074:
5938:
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3648:
3464:
3237:
3079:
2961:
2929:
2712:
2645:
2506:
and share everything that you have in excess, and everything that you can give to people."
2246:
2220:
2040:
1994:
1768:
1332:
1273:
1241:
289:
11994:
9402:
Empire of the Hajj: Pilgrims, Plagues, and Pan-Islam under British Surveillance, 1865–1926
8200:
7973:
The idea of an Arab caliphate in British Middle Eastern policy in the era of the Great War
2440:
Hussein initiated a series of reforms, including measures to avoid offending Muslims from
1866:, which demonstrated their hostility towards the project. Furthermore, in April 1915, the
1795:
Although there is no formal evidence suggesting that Hussein bin Ali was inclined towards
8:
14014:
13371:
13304:
11875:
11660:
The Papers of Al-Sharif Hussein Bin Ali, Documents published together for the first time,
8624:
Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918
7640:
6280:
5680:
3576:
3267:
3165:
3159:
2996:
2965:
2933:
2894:
2832:
2708:
2698:
2686:
2600:
2363:
2355:
2327:
2311:
2192:
2104:
2100:
1872:
policy of extermination of the minorities in the Ottoman Empire through various genocides
1800:
1313:
1265:
1245:
1150:
1065:
951:
585:
485:
240:
152:
10927:
10900:
10884:
3436:
Several mosques bear his name to the present day, such as the Hussein bin Ali mosque in
2649:
14105:
14019:
13999:
13959:
13875:
13858:
13833:
13640:
13451:
13441:
13421:
13391:
13366:
11710:
11515:
11445:
11339:
11165:
11093:
10813:
10740:
10377:
9550:
9472:
9262:
9192:
9184:
9046:
9003:
8497:
8467:
7952:
7851:
4121:
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3241:
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14115:
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12740:
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11879:
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11449:
11367:
11343:
11290:
11169:
11097:
11056:
11032:
11022:
10994:
10932:
10914:
10699:"The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence – Phase one of the Middle East Partition Process"
10625:
10144:
10060:
9942:
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9648:
9575:
9505:
9454:
9444:
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9114:
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9026:
9007:
8815:
8805:
8782:
8772:
8681:
8627:
8559:
8471:
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8331:
8290:
8280:
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8004:
7956:
7884:
7874:
7811:
7801:
7745:
7695:"IRAQ – Resurgence In The Shiite World – Part 8 – Jordan & The Hashemite Factors"
7393:
5852:
3558:
3522:
3394:
3379:
3319:
3071:
3054:
Chief mourners at funeral of Hussein. His sons King Ali and Emir Abdullah among crowd
3012:
2906:
2828:
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2514:
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2288:
2132:
2108:
2084:
1948:
1660:
1632:
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1233:
1146:
1138:
1026:
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927:
840:
800:
662:
273:
135:
11907:
10817:
10620:
Yotnakhparian, Levon; Chinpashean, Ishkhan; Parian, Levon; Parian, Benjamin (2012).
3424:
Maher Hammoud referenced Hussein bin Ali in his sermon condemning the genocide. The
3405:
as an example of tolerance and friendship between people also stressed by Jordanian
13913:
13620:
13585:
13555:
13550:
13525:
13334:
13220:
13132:
12884:
11995:"The Poet of Humanity and Gypsies, Arar the Leading Jordanian poet Among his Peers"
11763:
Eastward to Tartary : travels in the Balkans, the Middle East and the Caucasus
11702:
11507:
11437:
11331:
11157:
11089:
11085:
10922:
10904:
10169:"Asharq Al-Awsat Examines Grand Mosque's Architecture since the Prophet's Conquest"
9934:
9821:
9405:
9254:
9233:
tribal leadership was willing to accept the rule of the Hashemite family of Arabia.
9176:
8993:
8459:
8321:
8238:
Globalisation of nationalism: the motive-force behind twenty-first century politics
8054:
7944:
7843:
7737:
7103:
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7056:
6921:
5258:
3510:
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3263:
3139:
3043:
3020:
2992:
2917:
2586:
2379:
2339:
2242:
2235:
2186:
2178:
2032:
1956:
1796:
1570:
1403:
1269:
825:
820:
771:
756:
741:
650:
529:
380:
308:
297:
232:
58:
54:
13149:
12926:
11706:
11511:
11441:
11335:
11161:
10909:
10848:
8463:
1582:
in November 1908. However, the situation was peculiar for Hussein, who arrived in
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13928:
13773:
13713:
13660:
13590:
13570:
13545:
13535:
13436:
13314:
13073:
12956:
12904:
12776:
12295:
11827:
11681:
11579:
11284:
10652:
10384:
10295:
9864:
9642:
9569:
9499:
7645:
7423:
7289:
7271:
7241:
7223:
7216:
7125:
7107:
6917:
6752:
6287:
6201:
6116:
6029:
5945:
5859:
5773:
5766:
5687:
5600:
5513:
5426:
5265:
4201:
3731:
3340:
Hussein wrote extensively, his most important papers were published in a book by
3150:
3122:
3103:
2948:
Hussein bin Ali posing with his retinue and his horses during his exile in Cyprus
2737:
2592:
2576:
2464:
2351:
2307:
2254:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1372:
1257:
1134:
1089:
1007:
960:
776:
736:
725:
707:
610:
555:
468:
117:
11893:
9938:
9441:
Divided loyalties: nationalism and mass politics in Syria at the close of Empire
2563:
In the aftermath of the war, the Arabs found themselves freed from centuries of
2389:
13969:
13808:
13703:
13698:
13665:
13655:
13645:
13615:
13540:
13530:
13411:
13339:
13234:
11363:
Storm from the East: The Struggle Between the Arab World and the Christian West
9245:
Shamir, Shimon (1974). "Midhat Pasha and the Anti-Turkish Agitation in Syria".
7650:
7523:
7400:
7248:
7081:
3493:
3398:
3275:
3224:
3016:
2824:
2682:
2620:
2596:
2564:
2498:
2468:
2467:
in 1920 and a restoration of the mosques of Palestine and more specifically of
2445:
2315:
2165:
immediately, because of information that he would soon be deposed as Sharif of
2119:
2069:
1990:
1952:
1941:
1925:
1905:
1882:
1847:
1804:
1579:
1431:
1364:
1324:
1261:
1217:
1200:
1166:
1142:
1058:
920:
907:
865:
810:
424:
392:
198:
194:
12896:
12691:
11036:
9757:
Agrégation d'histoire, agrégation de géographie et CAPES d'histoire-géographie
9299:
9258:
9076:
Khalidi, Rashid; Anderson, Lisa; Muslih, Muhammad Y.; Simon, Reeva S. (1991).
8184:
7948:
7888:
7847:
3553:
3529:
2521:
from persecution and allow them to settle in peace, in which he ordered :
14059:
13974:
13600:
13580:
13515:
13467:
13381:
13037:
12942:
12544:
12514:
11076:
Lapidoth, Ruth (2015). "A Recent Agreement on the Holy Places in Jerusalem".
10918:
9128:
8819:
8424:
8335:
8255:
7729:
7264:
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4114:
3517:
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2637:
2632:
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2539:
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advocated action and encouraged his father to enter into correspondence with
2020:
1909:
1843:
1828:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1548:
1482:
1470:
1384:
1297:
1208:
985:
890:
850:
170:
82:
10644:"A Journey Through the Armenian Genocide", by Melina Paris, March 17, 2017,
10198:
9458:
9095:
8706:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة / ash-Sharīf al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī wa-al-khilāfah
8490:
Mecca in the XIVth century after the Hegire / مكة في القرن الرابع عشر الهجري
8326:
8059:
8042:
7815:
2944:
2936:. While he was in exile, he still used the title of caliph until his death.
2784:, on the approval given to Hussein's caliphate by Vehideddin, a nickname of
1912:, where Arab intellectuals and newspapers called for the restoration of the
14009:
13650:
13510:
13505:
13361:
13287:
13239:
12987:
12772:
12423:
10936:
8541:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة: ash-Sharīf al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī wa-al-khilāfah
7049:
5506:
3505:
3375:
3279:
3216:
3197:
3143:
3067:
2925:
2836:
2823:
viewed this proclamation as "the worst possible solution," in the words of
2453:
2036:
1921:
1901:
1863:
1862:. It was built under constant threat of Arab raids, such as those from the
1551:—where he aligned with the conservative faction—and hoping to return home.
1457:
nomads. Apparently a diligent young man, he mastered the principles of the
1411:
1395:
1126:
1046:
992:
729:
461:
450:
323:
263:
71:
11283:
Sazonov, Vladimir; Mölder, Holger; Espak, Peeter; Saumets, Andres (2020).
10168:
8998:
8981:
8786:
8294:
8223:, link.gale.com/apps/doc/SC5111548903/GDCS.GRC?pg=5. Accessed 17 May 2023.
8219:
Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1910–1929. National Archives (United States).
3382:, one of the most prominents Jordanian poets, who wrote a poem about him.
2265:", or mobilization. On 30 October 1916, Emir Abdullah called a meeting of
1434:.It was there that Hussein was born to Muhammad's son, Ali, in 1853–1854.
13625:
13482:
13329:
13324:
13270:
13249:
13140:
13020:
12809:
12574:
12060:
11938:
11867:
10762:"Challenges facing Jordan: Does history repeat itself at the centennial?"
3378:, nicknamed the Prince of Poets, who wrote a poem about his funerals and
3099:
3039:
2882:
2856:
2835:. They believed that having a new influential caliph could risk reviving
2792:
more generally Arabic Muslim population. He also received the support of
2678:
2393:
2262:
2250:
2148:
2123:
1986:
1979:
1975:
1929:
1832:
1705:
1591:
1388:
1213:
1186:
1130:
788:
746:
670:
405:
361:
12718:
O'Toole, Wing Commander E.H. (March 1964). "Collar of Hussein bin Ali".
12267:
12236:
10744:
10553:"'Crows of the Desert' Sheds Light on Little-Known Hero of the Genocide"
9684:"Sharif Hussein and the campaign for a modern Arab empire | Aeon Essays"
9554:
9188:
8802:
Arab patriotism: the ideology and culture of power in late Ottoman Egypt
3070:, passed away in 1929, which exacerbated his illness. She was buried at
2768:
2302:
A flag bearer mounted on a camel leading the triumphal entry into Aqaba.
1854:
and provide a rapid response capability to reinforce their garrisons in
13560:
13477:
13472:
13401:
10059:. Contributions in military studies. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
9826:
9752:
9266:
9180:
8583:(in Arabic). Al-Qāhirah Cairo: al-Maṭba'ah al-'Arabīyah wa-Maktabatuhā.
7855:
3599:
3344:. Otherwise, he is known to have written a large series of articles in
2860:
2331:
1968:
1894:
1812:
1780:
1740:
1376:
1358:
793:
335:
12545:"العيسوي يتفقد مشروع اعادة تأهيل بيت الشريف الحسين بن علي طيب بالعقبة"
12116:"King receives Armenian president | King Abdullah II Official Website"
8308:
AL-Maaytah, Dr Khaled Salameh; Hjazeen, Dr Hazem Bsharah Naif (2024).
1220:, accusing the Committee of Union and Progress of violating tenets of
1203:. His relationship with the Ottoman government deteriorated after the
13244:
12978:
9409:
8678:
From ottomanism to arabism: essays on the origins of Arab nationalism
7416:
3131:
3114:
3035:
2806:
2793:
2785:
2780:
2571:, but this kingdom proved short-lived, as the Middle East came under
2518:
2490:
1913:
1710:
1644:
1301:
1229:
1182:
1178:
692:
236:
12575:"العيسوي يتفقد مشروع تأهيل بيت الشريف الحسين بن علي في العقبة - صور"
11592:
10731:
Bolton, Kerry R (2015). "Western Duplicity And Middle East Crises".
10619:
10327:كليب سعود الفواز، المراسلات المتبادلة بين الشريف حسين والعثمانيين، ص
10057:
Ordered to die: a history of the Ottoman army in the First World War
8850:
3393:
His role in the support of Armenian refugees, especially during the
3003:. He rarely left his home, lived an austere lifestyle, and read the
2189:
and ordered his supporters to attack the Ottoman garrison in Mecca.
2142:
2068:, appealed to him for assistance in the conflict on the side of the
1519:
then exerted a loose form of control. He learned the customs of the
1387:. His mother, Salah Bani-Shahar, the wife of Ali, would have been a
13984:
13693:
13189:
12269:
Crows of the Desert: A Hero's Journey through the Armenian Genocide
10426:
8310:"State Building in Ancient and Contemporary Arab Political Thought"
3949:
3441:
3346:
3149:
On the window above his tomb is written the following inscription:
3126:
2870:
2548:
2429:
2347:
2224:
2182:
2028:
1964:
1960:
1937:
1724:
1535:) of the Bedouins. He also practiced horseback riding and hunting.
1394:
He belonged to the Dhawu Awn clan of the Abadilah, a branch of the
1380:
1285:
1002:
970:
684:
618:
12237:"Prince El Hassan Congratulates Christians in Jordan on Christmas"
9818:
A history of Anti-partitionist Perspectives in Palestine 1915–1988
9347:
British miscalculations: the rise of Muslim nationalism, 1918-1925
8723:(in Arabic). al-Qāhirah : al-Maṭba'ah al-'Arabīyah wa-Maktabatuhā.
8083:
Telemme – Temps, espaces, langages Europe méridionale-Méditerranée
7798:
The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual
1531:
and composed poems in humayni verse, a type of vernacular poetry (
1363:
Hussein bin Ali bin Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in bin Awn was born in
12736:
Orders, Decorations and Medals of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
7971:
4063:
3456:
3418:
3026:
2980:
2912:
He chose to abdicate. After his abdication, another of his sons,
2881:
Although the British had supported Hussein from the start of the
2863:
2729:
2720:
2674:
2658:
2343:
2284:
1917:
1890:
1816:
1699:
1648:
1520:
1454:
1336:
1174:
835:
512:
330:
318:
12515:"مدرستا الحسين بن علي والصحابة إلى نهائي مسابقة المعرفة الوطنية"
12424:"صحيفة عمون: الملك يزور مسجد الشريف الحسين بن علي في معان (صور)"
10105:
9644:
The Erasure of Arab Political Identity: Colonialism and Violence
8876:"L'Histoire de l'émirat Idrisside en Arabie - The Moorish Times"
3274:
born 1912 died 4 April 1939, married his first cousin, Princess
2587:
The issue of Palestine and deterioration in British relationship
13163:
12207:"Jordan, Armenia deep friendship rooted in rich history — King"
12094:. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge. p. 1979.
7725:
3468:
3421:
2984:
2902:
2820:
2751:
2741:
2526:
2502:
2267:
1885:
became so violent that they overshadowed those that existed in
1859:
1824:
1756:
1748:
1600:
1596:
1532:
1492:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1320:
1305:
1162:
855:
845:
634:
602:
594:
579:
573:
457:
12272:(Documentary), Travis, Ara Madzounian, Matrix Communications,
3397:, led him to be cited in 2014 and 2020 by Armenian Presidents
3066:
He began to fall ill as early as 1928, but his favorite wife,
13788:
9963:"Book by Saudi author unravels Ottoman atrocities in Madinah"
9571:
Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule: The Sherifian Solution
8153:. Jeddah: British Secret Service. p. FO 371/100CWE 3356.
3445:
3437:
3368:
3118:
3004:
3000:
2969:
2953:
2852:
2755:
2725:
2670:
2662:
2544:
2510:
2457:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2318:
against Arabian civilians, instead of taking them prisoners.
2215:
2203:
2166:
2127:
1886:
1875:
1855:
1851:
1836:
1788:
1772:
1764:
1760:
1744:
1732:
1583:
1544:
1528:
1524:
1512:
1496:
1478:
1442:
1438:
1407:
1335:. He died in Amman in 1931 and was buried as a Caliph in the
1328:
1221:
997:
875:
566:
524:
517:
440:
432:
213:
11563:Οι Αρμενιοι της Κυπρος, Αλέξανδρος-Μιχαήλ Χατζηλύρας, 2016,
10588:"Levon Yotnakhparian, as told by his grandson, Levon Parian"
3038:
of the island, seeing them as victims, like himself, of the
2015:
12294:
DDYAN, GRARD; Demirdjia, Ago; Saleh, Nabil (29 June 2023).
9541:
Ferro, Maurice (1947). "Puissance et Faiblesses do Monde".
3011:, who wanted to write his biography, or the Jordanian poet
2734:
abolition of the Ottoman caliphate by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
2623:
were not disposed to fulfill their promises to Hussein, as
2449:
1752:
1679:
1659:
In 1911, Hussein became involved in an Ottoman campaign in
1508:
1122:
626:
534:
12974:
al-Ḥusayn ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Mu'īn ibn 'Awn
12605:"منزل الشريف حسين.. إضافة نوعية للسياحة التاريخية بالعقبة"
9962:
9075:
9047:"Genocide Museum | The Armenian Genocide Museum-institute"
7786:
FO 608/97-0068 The National Archives (Kew, United Kingdom)
3451:
In 2020, a documentary was made about him and his life by
3042:. Hussein did not have any documented connection with the
2489:
Starting from 1917, Hussein made decisions to protect the
11322:
Bar, Shmuel (2016). "The implications of the Caliphate".
11282:
8851:"الثورات المناهضة للوجود العثماني في اليمن (1910- 1914م)"
4037:
3155:هَذَا قَبْرُ أَمِيرِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ٱلْحُسَيْن بْنُ عَلِي
3074:, the largest Muslim shrine on the island. His two sons,
2816:, that reported that he supported him as the new Caliph.
1959:, met with the leaders of the revolutionary organization
1296:. After Hejaz was subsequently completely invaded by the
1226:
fighting the Ottoman and German troops in the Middle East
12957:
Newspaper clippings about Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
11872:
The Arabic Press and Nationalism in Palestine, 1920-1948
10113:(Report). US State Department. p. 7. Archived from
9915:
9913:
9911:
9909:
9907:
2173:, leader of the rival Zaʻid family. The much-publicized
2031:
between Hussein and his sons in June 1915, during which
12919:
Longrigg, Steven Helmsley; Ochsenwald, William (2021).
12866:
The Rise and Fall of the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hijaz
10622:
Crows of the desert: the memoirs of Levon Yotnakhparian
8718:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8601:
8599:
8578:
7873:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 80–86.
3113:
He died on June 4, 1931. Hussein bin Ali was buried in
2876:
2555: ; even if that meant impeding on the war effort.
2358:
the 1st of October 1918. After this, he engaged in the
2306:
After the fall of Medina, the Arab troops were able to
2202:
depicting the sons of Hussein bin Ali as they liberate
2139:, even though he was a sympathizer of the Young Turks.
10331:
Correspondence between Sharif Hussein and the Ottomans
10199:"فلسطين بقيت حاضرة في سيرة الشريف الحسين بن علي ..صور"
8148:
7800:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 212.
2599:
in response to his requests for an explanation of the
1207:
took power, particularly because of their policies of
1157:
in 1924 and stayed in power until 1925 when Hejaz was
14121:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
9904:
8703:
8538:
2648:. In August 1920, five days after the signing of the
1667:, who had recently revolted there and proclaimed the
12393:
11355:
11353:
10378:
https://meu.edu.jo/libraryTheses/586cbba72c0b5_1.pdf
9866:
The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence sets Arabia ablaze
9529:
1916 Sykes–Picot Pact signed by Britain and France.
8652:
8596:
8515:
8513:
3258:, married a European Muslim businessman from France.
1149:, even if he refused this title, from 1916 to 1924.
1103:
12662:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح"
12293:
12145:Mirror-Spectator, The Armenian (13 February 2020).
11185:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح"
11116:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح"
11019:
Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses
8167:
Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses
8117:""مملكة الحجاز".. وقــصـــة الـغــزو المـســلّـــح"
7871:
Islam assembled the advent of the Muslim Congresses
3212:With his first wife Abidiya bint Abdullah, he had:
2889:, they not only chose not to help him to repel the
2736:. Separately, he made statements in support of the
2424:, he also declared himself King of the Arab lands (
1185:. He is usually considered as the father of modern
13799:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
12920:
12918:
11848:
10733:World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues
10668:"Peacemaker: The legacy of King Hussein of Jordan"
10374:Language Maintenance among the Armenians of Jordan
9990:"Seferberlik Fakhri Pasha and the siege of Medina"
9370:
9368:
9366:
3015:, among others. Hussein was ruined, but the local
2493:refugees and those residing in his lands from the
2350:defences, thus opening the Balkans and ultimately
1121:; 1 May 1854 – 4 June 1931) was an
12843:Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land
11350:
8986:History Studies: International Journal of History
8510:
8394:Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land
8307:
8198:
8036:
8034:
8032:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8020:
7937:International Journal of Middle East Studies
7722:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism
3455:, which was seen more than five million times on
2143:The Arab Revolt proper, June 1916 to October 1918
1663:; the Young Turks requested his support to fight
14057:
12144:
10991:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme
10624:. Tujunga (Calif.): Parian photographic design.
10141:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme
9108:
8001:Djihad 1914–1918: la France face au panislamisme
2991:, when he went to see Hussein, he found his son
2485:Rescue of Armenians during the Armenian genocide
2004:
12019:
11969:"Award Named After Poet Mustafa Wahbi Tal Arar"
11866:
11829:الشريف الحسين الرضي والخلافة لنضال داود المومني
11665:, Mohammad Yunes Al-Abbadi, Lamya Al-Khraisha.
10955:"How Did the Ottoman Dynasty Survive in Exile?"
10324:
9363:
9109:Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2009).
8910:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
3240:, Emir (later King) of Transjordan, married to
2897:, which he refused each time. According to the
2463:He undertook the last major restoration of the
1196:, Hussein was appointed Sharif of Mecca by the
127:1 November 1908 – 3 October 1924
12659:
12609:جريدة الغد | مصدرك الأول لأخبار الأردن والعالم
12147:"Jordan's King in 'Historic' Visit to Armenia"
11593:"The Armenian Genocide and Cyprus (1915–1930)"
11182:
11113:
11050:
9023:Cairo 1921: ten days that made the Middle East
8235:
8114:
8077:Hanne, Olivier (17 November 2016). SPM (ed.).
8017:
2509:In April 1918, as part of his conquest of the
1700:Pan-Arabism and relationship with the Ottomans
1252:, and the establishment of British and French
13829:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
13276:Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
13205:
11765:. New York : Vintage departures. p. 205
10883:Bani Issa, Mohammad Saleh (1 November 2023).
10012:
9987:
9647:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 155 et seq.
9501:A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Middle East
9349:. New Brunswick N.J: Transaction Publishers.
8487:
3584:
3388:
1066:
14196:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
12771:
9443:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
9324:. New Haven (Conn.): Yale University Press.
9282:Arabs and Ottomans: a Checkered Relationship
8769:Arabic thought in the liberal age, 1798–1939
8079:"La révolte arabe en 1916: mythe et réalité"
7709:
2644:In 1919, King Hussein refused to ratify the
2261:, an event hidden by the pretense of doing "
1417:
1383:in the 37th generation through his grandson
1347:
92:10 June 1916 – 3 October 1924
43:
14216:19th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
12717:
12636:"الملك يزور قيادة لواء الملك الحسين بن علي"
12633:
12452:
9025:. New Haven London: Yale University Press.
8708:(in Arabic). 'Ammān: al-Maṭba'ah aṣ-Ṣafadī.
8543:(in Arabic). 'Ammān: al-Maṭba'ah aṣ-Ṣafadī.
8384:
3266:, later King of Iraq and Syria, married to
3117:in 1931, as he wasn't able to be buried in
3047:the Armenian Philharmonic Melkonian School.
2905:. Hussein attempted to make appeals to the
1654:
162:3 March 1924 – 19 December 1925/4 June 1931
13212:
13198:
13176:Not widely recognized outside Middle-East
11692:
11617:
11497:
11427:
11398:
11147:
10803:
10515:
9787:"The Hashimites and the Great Arab Revolt"
9374:
8721:ما رأيت وما سمعت / Mā ra'aytu wa-mā sami't
8534:
8532:
8530:
8528:
8502:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8449:
7833:
3591:
3577:
3030:The funeral of Hussein in Jerusalem, 1931.
2517:took place, he issued a decree to protect
2428:). This only aggravated his conflict with
2420:When Hussein declared himself King of the
2219:June, another of Hussein's sons, the Emir
1538:
1073:
1059:
12177:"Armenian President meets King of Jordan"
11532:
11051:Brunner, Rainer; Brunner, Rainer (2004).
10926:
10908:
10882:
10550:
10263:
10106:Division of Near Eastern Affairs (1931).
10044:. Grosset & Bunlap. pp. 209–211.
9825:
9784:
9166:
8997:
8581:ما رأيت وما سمعت: Mā ra'aytu wa-mā sami't
8325:
8058:
8040:
3374:Several poets wrote about him, including
3062:Funeral of Hussein, Jerusalem, the casket
2899:Institute of Contemporary Islamic Thought
2831:was better for French interests than the
2703:After the Caliphate was abolished by the
13909:Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic
13839:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
13804:Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)
11730:
11493:
11491:
11489:
11487:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11479:
11251:
11218:"Aal Saud: From British to American lap"
11075:
11012:
11010:
10988:
10551:Gregorian, Alin K. (27 September 2018).
10138:
10054:
9928:
9750:
9722:"How Did the Turks Lose the Arab Lands?"
9504:. Interlink Publishing. p. 9.3500.
9344:
8979:
8149:British Secret Service (29 March 1924).
8041:Al-Momani, Nidal Daoud Mohammad (2014).
7998:
7795:
7715:
3362:
3175:
3171:
3089:
3057:
3049:
3025:
2952:King Hussein was then forced to flee to
2943:
2767:
2746:
2740:, which had been ruined and exiled from
2558:
2399:
2297:
2229:
2191:
2152:
2014:
1920:, and especially for the acquisition of
1735:(or possibly, but it's not certain, the
1709:
1610:
1569:
1487:
14191:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie
13784:Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
13769:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
12732:
12364:"The MECC to Jordan: Towards a New Era"
11782:
11726:
11724:
11655:
11653:
11477:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11469:
11467:
11465:
11463:
11461:
11459:
11247:
11245:
11243:
11109:
11107:
10984:
10982:
10980:
10948:
10946:
10878:
10876:
10874:
10843:
10841:
10839:
10829:
10827:
10726:
10724:
10696:
10662:
10660:
10615:
10613:
10232:"الثورة العربية الكبرى.. القائد والقصة"
9815:
9319:
9209:
8799:
8766:
8697:
8525:
8240:. Colchester: ECPR Press. p. 170.
8214:
8212:
7742:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0011
3121:, as he wanted and as was the norm for
2839:, causing instability in French Muslim
2631:"At one time, our Arabic copies of Sir
2368:taking Aleppo on the 25 of October 1918
1678:Then, he managed to break the siege of
1515:to meet the Arab tribes, over whom the
14:
14058:
13779:Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)
12837:
12660:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020).
12297:The Righteous of the Armenian Genocide
12265:
12217:from the original on 27 September 2023
12157:from the original on 27 September 2023
12089:
11971:(in Arabic). albawaba. 8 August 2016.
11939:"لك في الأرض والسماء مآتم – أحمد شوقي"
11825:
11545:from the original on 28 September 2023
11359:
11183:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020).
11114:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020).
11016:
10730:
10709:from the original on 27 September 2020
10582:
10580:
10578:
10259:
10257:
10226:
10224:
10039:
10018:
9862:
9858:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9850:
9848:
9846:
9844:
9842:
9840:
9715:
9713:
9711:
9709:
9694:from the original on 29 September 2023
9678:
9676:
9636:
9634:
9606:
9438:
9315:
9313:
9311:
9309:
9244:
9020:
8966:
8964:
8916:from the original on 28 September 2023
8845:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8617:
8553:
8390:
8164:
8115:الوطن, جريدة; webmaster (5 May 2020).
7976:(Doctoral thesis). Durham University.
7868:
7699:APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map
3312:in July 1933, divorced September 1933.
2627:stated in secret correspondence :
2169:by the Ottoman government in favor of
1893:society; and many rival tribes to the
1448:
1402:since the accession of their ancestor
1398:tribe. The Banu Qatadah had ruled the
1236:and saved up to 4,000 of them. In the
14186:Recipients of the Order of Leopold II
13193:
12585:from the original on 28 December 2023
12555:from the original on 28 December 2023
12525:from the original on 28 December 2023
12465:from the original on 13 December 2023
12344:from the original on 17 December 2023
12314:from the original on 28 December 2023
12247:from the original on 17 December 2023
12187:from the original on 28 December 2023
12126:from the original on 28 December 2023
12040:from the original on 28 December 2023
11997:(in Arabic). Albayan. 19 April 2000.
11686:
11638:from the original on 28 December 2023
11599:from the original on 28 December 2023
11590:
11228:from the original on 10 November 2023
11044:
11007:
10965:from the original on 13 December 2023
10859:from the original on 11 November 2023
10772:from the original on 17 December 2023
10678:from the original on 17 December 2023
10598:from the original on 17 December 2023
10563:from the original on 17 December 2023
10532:from the original on 21 December 2023
10522:Humanities and Social Sciences Review
10457:"Al-Husayn Ibn 'Ali, Sharif of Mecca"
10437:from the original on 18 December 2023
10407:from the original on 17 December 2023
10345:"Al-Husayn Ibn 'Ali, Sharif of Mecca"
10306:from the original on 17 December 2023
10276:from the original on 17 December 2023
10209:from the original on 15 December 2023
10000:from the original on 17 December 2023
9797:from the original on 16 December 2023
9763:from the original on 19 December 2023
9567:
9540:
9427:Les Palestiniens, Genèse d'une nation
9279:
8933:
8931:
8762:
8760:
8483:
8481:
8274:
8270:
8268:
8231:
8229:
8110:
8108:
8076:
8072:
8070:
7980:from the original on 4 September 2021
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4225:
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4035:
4033:
4031:
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4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
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3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3947:
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3937:
3935:
3929:
3927:
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3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3286:With his second wife Madiha, he had:
2796:, on March 18, 1924, one of the last
2669:In January 1924, Hussein received in
2471:, for which he funded 26,672 liras.
2370:, thus ending the war on that front.
1850:to strengthen their control over the
1137:from 1908 and, after proclaiming the
208:
13219:
12720:Orders and Medals Society of America
12615:from the original on 13 January 2024
12404:from the original on 28 January 2022
11836:from the original on 9 November 2023
11721:
11650:
11535:"Η αρμενική γενοκτονία και η Κύπρος"
11456:
11303:from the original on 9 November 2023
11264:from the original on 3 November 2023
11240:
11104:
10977:
10943:
10871:
10836:
10824:
10721:
10697:Guediri, Kawthar (21 October 2016).
10657:
10610:
10497:from the original on 27 January 2024
10467:from the original on 1 December 2022
10355:from the original on 1 December 2022
10333:] (in Arabic). pp. 161–159.
9922:
9816:Guediri, Kaoutar (8 February 2013).
9661:from the original on 9 November 2023
9640:
9588:from the original on 19 January 2023
9497:
8675:
8209:
7992:
7913:from the original on 5 December 2022
7829:
7827:
7825:
7758:from the original on 15 January 2023
2877:Defeat against Saudis and abdication
2567:rule. Hussein's son Faisal was made
2474:
2118:, the links between Hussein and the
2072:. Starting in 1915, as indicated by
1821:centralization of the Ottoman Empire
1639:education, but also allied with the
1606:
1319:Hussein was then sent into exile to
27:Sharif and Emir of Mecca (1854–1931)
14101:Arab people from the Ottoman Empire
13819:National Liberation Front (Algeria)
12878:
12753:from the original on 2 January 2024
12374:from the original on 28 August 2024
12368:The Middle East Council of Churches
12276:from the original on 4 October 2022
12001:from the original on 30 August 2021
11854:
11321:
10806:The Perspective of the World Review
10792:A History of the Modern Middle East
10575:
10254:
10221:
10191:
10083:. 23 September 2017. Archived from
10033:
9837:
9706:
9673:
9631:
9619:from the original on 10 August 2023
9399:
9306:
8980:YurtoğLu, Nadir (15 October 2018).
8961:
8826:
8712:
8680:. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.
8663:
8605:
8572:
8519:
8158:
8089:from the original on 8 October 2022
7969:
7963:
3301:With his third wife Adila, he had:
3154:
3085:
2392:dated 24 October 1917 given by the
1947:Twenty days after the start of the
1908:Arab movement developed, mainly in
1739:). The red triangle represents the
1165:. His Caliphate was opposed by the
1093:
44:
30:For people with similar names, see
24:
14201:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
13759:Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)
13281:1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
12912:
11803:from the original on 25 April 2023
11731:Moubayed, Sami (1 December 2022).
11618:Abu-Lebdeh, Hatem Shareef (1997).
11252:Moubayed, Sami (1 December 2022).
10952:
10318:
9863:Murphy, David (18 November 2008).
9719:
9222:from the original on 29 April 2023
9210:Willman, Gabriel (1 August 2013).
9057:from the original on 24 April 2023
8928:
8757:
8745:from the original on 29 April 2023
8640:from the original on 14 April 2022
8626:. University of California Press.
8478:
8265:
8226:
8105:
8067:
7925:
7796:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996).
7770:
3206:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
2709:would have declared himself Caliph
1694:
1155:abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate
25:
14237:
13824:Palestine Liberation Organization
12950:
12868:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
12495:from the original on 14 June 2024
12092:Routledge handbook on Arab cinema
11918:from the original on 26 June 2023
11571:, p. 11. To be found here :
11409:from the original on 14 June 2024
11380:from the original on 14 June 2024
11078:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs
10264:Avetisyan, Vigen (3 April 2019).
10179:from the original on 14 June 2024
9988:Mohamed Afifi (27 January 2021).
9883:from the original on 14 June 2024
9732:from the original on 12 June 2024
9473:"Key Documents | Balfour Project"
9284:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
8431:from the original on 14 June 2024
8342:from the original on 14 June 2024
7903:"Hussein et la famille Hachémite"
7822:
7789:
3318:, who succeeded in pretense King
1897:rallied behind their leadership.
1823:, the progressive prohibition of
1192:In 1908, in the aftermath of the
63:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
14038:
14037:
13764:Arabian Peninsula People's Union
13447:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
12929:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
12802:
12765:
12726:
12711:
12700:from the original on 17 May 2023
12684:
12672:from the original on 16 May 2023
12653:
12634:الأردنية (بترا), وكالة الأنباء.
12627:
12597:
12567:
12537:
12507:
12477:
12453:الأردنية (بترا), وكالة الأنباء.
12446:
12434:from the original on 17 May 2023
12416:
12386:
12356:
12326:
12287:
12259:
12229:
12199:
12169:
12138:
12108:
12083:
12071:from the original on 3 July 2017
12061:"لانت قناتك للمنون – مصطفى التل"
12058:
12052:
12013:
11987:
11975:from the original on 12 May 2022
11961:
11949:from the original on 4 July 2017
11936:
11930:
11900:
11860:
11819:
11776:
11755:
11743:from the original on 17 May 2023
11673:, 2020, Royal Library of Jordan
11611:
11584:
11557:
11526:
11421:
11392:
11315:
11276:
11210:
11195:from the original on 16 May 2023
11176:
11141:
11126:from the original on 16 May 2023
11069:
10797:
10794:, (Westview Press, 2013) p. 145
10784:
10754:
10690:
10638:
10242:from the original on 12 May 2024
9751:Nevejans, Pierre (10 May 2017).
9518:from the original on 18 May 2023
9479:from the original on 16 May 2023
8945:. 13 August 2013. Archived from
8886:from the original on 30 May 2024
8719:Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī (1923).
8579:Khayr ad-Dīn az-Ziriklī (1923).
8492:(in Arabic). Mecca. p. 291.
8368:. 13 August 2013. Archived from
8127:from the original on 16 May 2023
7510:
7410:
7387:
7258:
7235:
7091:
7068:
7043:
6905:
3552:
3540:
3528:
3516:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3440:, the Hussein bin Ali mosque in
3409:. Hussein is quoted in the book
3219:, last King of Hejaz married to
2373:
1785:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1647:, at a time when adherence to a
1240:, Hussein refused to ratify the
1094:ٱلْحُسَيْن بِن عَلِي ٱلْهَاشِمِي
1040:
439:
70:
32:Hussein bin Ali (disambiguation)
14211:Muslims from the Ottoman Empire
13407:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
12266:Houske, Marta (15 March 2017),
11624:. University Press of America.
10544:
10509:
10479:
10449:
10419:
10389:
10367:
10337:
10288:
10161:
10132:
10099:
10073:
10048:
10024:
9981:
9955:
9895:
9809:
9778:
9744:
9600:
9561:
9534:
9491:
9465:
9432:
9416:
9393:
9338:
9273:
9238:
9203:
9160:
9135:
9102:
9078:The origins of Arab nationalism
9069:
9039:
9014:
8973:
8898:
8868:
8793:
8727:
8669:
8611:
8587:
8547:
8443:
8354:
8301:
8192:
8142:
7668:
3426:Middle East Council of Churches
3234:Hasan bin Hussein, died young.
2705:Turkish Grand National Assembly
2501:and Armenians, atrocities that
2362:, pursuing the remnants of the
2245:, future Faisal I of Iraq, and
1833:Turkish colonists in Arab areas
1819:. Additionally, the increasing
1682:, which was being conducted by
1495:of Hussein bin Ali probably in
1205:Committee of Union and Progress
14166:Politics of the Ottoman Empire
13849:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
13611:Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz
13172:Reason for succession failure:
13169:11 March 1924 – 3 October 1924
12937:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
12693:مملكة الحجاز | وثائقيات العربي
12611:(in Arabic). 13 January 2024.
12026:. Twenty-First Century Books.
11908:"Aḥmad Shawqī | Egyptian poet"
11591:Hadjilyra, Alexander-Michael.
11090:10.1080/23739770.2013.11446566
9933:(in French). Éditions Perrin.
9607:Guerfi, Sarah (12 July 2023).
9169:Genocide Studies International
8804:. Princeton University Press.
8704:Niḍāl Dāwūd al-Mūminī (1996).
8676:Dawn, Clarence Ernest (1973).
8539:Niḍāl Dāwūd al-Mūminī (1996).
7895:
7862:
7687:
3474:
2995:reading him the commentary of
2887:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
2744:. In this regard, he declared:
2011:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
1809:Young Turks Revolution of 1908
1574:Hussein bin Ali (date unknown)
1559:
13:
1:
13030:October 1916 – 3 October 1924
12879:Kay, Shari L. (Spring 2020).
12151:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
11707:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895
11512:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895
11442:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895
11336:10.1080/01495933.2016.1133994
11289:. University of Tartu Press.
11162:10.1080/09700161.2017.1295612
11021:. Columbia University Press.
10910:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20993
10557:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
9613:La Revue d'Histoire Militaire
9400:Low, Michael (16 July 2007).
9080:. Columbia University Press.
8464:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895
8202:الشريف الحسين بن علي والخلافة
8169:. Columbia University Press.
7656:
3444:or the al-Husseini mosque in
3428:paid hommage to his actions.
3335:
3094:Funeral of Hussein, Jerusalem
2827:, who also defended that the
2640:has broken her pledged word."
2039:argued against rebellion and
2005:Relationship with the British
1500:
1352:
1276:were made rulers of Iraq and
1105:al-Ḥusayn bin 'Alī al-Hāshimī
260:Sharifa Khadija bint Abdullah
254:Sharifa Abdiyah bint Abdullah
13794:Federation of Arab Republics
13754:Arab Socialist Union (Libya)
13744:Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)
13345:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
13293:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
12778:The Modern History of Jordan
12739:. London: Spink. p. 6.
12640:بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية
12459:بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية
11402:الشريف الحسين الرضي والخلافة
10989:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017).
10401:sharinghistory.museumwnf.org
10139:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017).
10055:Erickson, Edward J. (2001).
9929:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017).
9785:editorial (1 October 2020).
8556:The modern history of Jordan
8397:. Princeton Legacy Library.
8391:Peters, Francis E. (2017) .
8236:Liah Greenfeld, ed. (2016).
8151:Jeddah Report 1-29 Mars 1924
7999:Le Naour, Jean-Yves (2017).
7970:Cox, Stephen Thomas (2003).
7907:www.lesclesdumoyenorient.com
7681:
3547:Order of the Nichan Iftikhar
3108:British mandate of Palestine
2719:. Other accounts, such as a
2692:
2499:committed against the Greeks
2161:Hussein decided to join the
1846:was completed, allowing the
1342:
1250:Jewish settlers in Palestine
1248:, a document supporting the
1151:He proclaimed himself Caliph
7:
14091:Arab independence activists
13919:Flag of the Arab Federation
13749:Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)
13739:Arab Socialist Action Party
13078:June 1916 – 3 October 1924
12961:20th Century Press Archives
12864:Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001).
12394:"Masjid Al Hussein Bin Ali"
12300:. Oxford University Press.
11789:. Bloomsbury. p. 160.
11761:Kaplan, Robert D. (2001).
11366:. Random House Publishing.
9939:10.3917/perri.lenao.2017.01
7720:. In Breuilly, John (ed.).
7629:
3565:
2855:in 1924, it comprised both
2535:Armenian National Institute
2448:colonies who undertook the
2346:, which managed to overrun
2027:Following deliberations at
1881:These oppositions with the
1511:and the eastern regions of
1483:completing its memorization
1288:, who promptly launched an
1104:
614:("Stories of the Prophets")
10:
14242:
14141:People from Ottoman Arabia
13890:On the Way of Resurrection
13883:The Battle for One Destiny
13814:Lebanese National Movement
13255:Third International Theory
12847:Princeton University Press
12831:
12485:"رسالةُ حُبٍّ إلى عَمَّان"
12340:(in Turkish). 9 May 2015.
12090:Mellor, Noha, ed. (2024).
11786:Palestine Across Millennia
11533:Χατζηλύρα, Μιχαήλ (2011).
10592:Armenian Museum of America
10516:Musharbash, Randa (2018).
9568:Paris, Timothy J. (2003).
8554:Ṣalībī, Kamāl aṣ- (1998).
8407:Princeton University Press
8199:نضال داود المومني (1996).
3557:Knight Grand Cross of the
3467:, is the highest order of
3389:Armenian genocide refugees
3367:Hussein bin Ali mosque in
2696:
2478:
2377:
2146:
2059:Secretary of State for War
2008:
1993:on the advice of his son,
1811:, strongly displeased the
1703:
1665:Muhammad ibn Ali al-Idrisi
1563:
1554:
1428:Abd al-Muttalib ibn Ghalib
1356:
1086:Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi
29:
14181:People of the Arab Revolt
14136:Ottoman Arab nationalists
14033:
13942:
13899:
13867:
13844:Unified Political Command
13734:Arab Nationalist Movement
13679:
13631:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
13491:
13460:
13427:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
13298:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
13263:
13227:
13181:
13154:
13146:
13139:
13129:
13114:
13110:November 1908 – June 1916
13103:
13095:
13090:
13080:
13071:
13058:
13041:
13025:
13014:
13009:
12972:
12519:وكـالـة مـعـا الاخـبـارية
11832:(in Arabic). IslamKotob.
11578:28 September 2023 at the
10833:Teitelbaum, 2001, p. 243.
10491:www.armenian-genocide.org
10487:"View Accompanying Image"
10461:www.armenian-genocide.org
10349:www.armenian-genocide.org
10325:Hussein bin Ali (1922).
9609:"Les accords Sykes-Picot"
9574:. Routledge. p. 21.
9439:Gelvin, James L. (1998).
9345:Friedman, Isaiah (2012).
9320:ʿAllāwī, ʿAlī A. (2014).
9280:Farah, Caesar A. (2010).
9259:10.1080/00263207408700268
9147:www.armenian-genocide.org
8047:Journal of Human Sciences
7949:10.1017/S0020743800000052
7848:10.1080/00263209808701212
7566:
7564:
7475:
7473:
7352:
7350:
7342:
7340:
7332:
7330:
7190:
7188:
7180:
7178:
7170:
7168:
7158:
7156:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7008:
7006:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6984:
6980:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6962:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6870:
6868:
6795:
6793:
6709:
6707:
6632:
6630:
6555:
6553:
6480:
6478:
6405:
6403:
6330:
6328:
6244:
6242:
6160:
6158:
6072:
6070:
5988:
5986:
5902:
5900:
5816:
5814:
5730:
5728:
5643:
5641:
5557:
5555:
5469:
5467:
5383:
5381:
5308:
5306:
5222:
5220:
5147:
5145:
5072:
5070:
4995:
4993:
4920:
4918:
4845:
4843:
4770:
4768:
4695:
4693:
4620:
4618:
4545:
4543:
4470:
4468:
4395:
4393:
4318:
4316:
4243:
4241:
4164:
4162:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4009:
4007:
3991:
3989:
3933:
3931:
3903:
3901:
3885:
3883:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3694:
3692:
3431:
3353:
3342:Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad
3229:Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein
3166:Commander of the Faithful
2974:British-controlled Cyprus
2049:British Foreign Secretary
1974:When Hussein took up the
1955:, Hussein bin Ali's son,
1799:before 1916, the rise of
1461:and was also educated in
1424:Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in
1418:Power struggles and birth
1379:, he was a descendant of
1369:Muhammad bin Abd al-Mu'in
1348:Ascendance and early life
414:
398:
386:
376:
371:
367:
357:
349:
341:
329:
317:
272:
247:
223:
204:
188:
184:
176:
166:
158:
151:
141:
131:
123:
116:
106:
96:
88:
81:
69:
52:
39:
14171:Self-proclaimed monarchy
14081:20th-century Arab people
14076:19th-century Arab people
13352:1952 Egyptian revolution
13106:Sharif and Emir of Mecca
13074:Sharif and Emir of Mecca
12020:Jeffrey Zuehlke (2005).
11680:18 December 2023 at the
10959:www.ekrembugraekinci.com
10651:28 December 2023 at the
10397:"MWNF – Sharing History"
10326:
9993:
9726:www.ekrembugraekinci.com
9021:Faught, C. Brad (2022).
8767:Hourani, Albert (1970).
8735:"الحسين بن علي شريف مكة"
8275:Zeine, Zeine N. (1973).
7716:Roshwald, Aviel (2013).
7661:
3461:Order of Hussein bin Ali
3330:
2939:
2677:delegation led by rabbi
2099:, with the exception of
1997:, who had served in the
1932:to assassinate Hussein.
1831:, and the settlement of
1655:Campaign in 'Asir (1911)
1627:, with whom he became a
1238:aftermath of World War I
1228:, Hussein supported the
1135:Sharif and Emir of Mecca
703:Medieval Islamic science
118:Sharif and Emir of Mecca
14005:Palestinian nationalism
13924:Flag of the Arab Revolt
13417:1966 Syrian coup d'état
13397:1963 Syrian coup d'état
13377:1961 Syrian coup d'état
13027:King of the Arab Lands
12889:20.500.11929/sdsu:57703
11360:Viorst, Milton (2007).
11017:Kramer, Martin (1986).
10042:With Lawrence in Arabia
10040:Lowell, Thomas (1924).
9791:The Review of Religions
8327:10.59670/ml.v21iS1.6116
8165:Kramer, Martin (1986).
7869:Kramer, Martin (1986).
7734:Oxford University Press
3407:Prince Hassan bin Talal
2891:Saudi conquest of Hejaz
2715:winter camp in Shunah,
2435:
2356:Damascus, which he took
2334:and led at the time by
1839:throughout the empire.
1835:worried and frightened
1803:towards the end of the
1731:, and green represents
1727:, white represents the
1716:flag of the Arab Revolt
1539:Exile to Constantinople
14221:Christianity and Islam
14206:Monarchs who abdicated
13432:1969 Libyan revolution
13310:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
12935:Encyclopaedia of Islam
12839:Peters, Francis Edward
11695:Middle Eastern Studies
11500:Middle Eastern Studies
11430:Middle Eastern Studies
11222:Crescent International
10790:Cleveland, William L.
9379:. Penguin Books, Ltd.
9247:Middle Eastern Studies
9051:www.genocide-museum.am
8943:Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin
8800:Mestyán, Ádám (2017).
8618:Kayali, Hasan (1997).
8488:Muhammad Rafi (1964).
8452:Middle Eastern Studies
8403:Woodstock, Oxfordshire
8366:Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin
7836:Middle Eastern Studies
7701:. 2005. Archived from
7610:Crown Prince of Jordan
3371:
3358:
3181:
3095:
3063:
3055:
3031:
2949:
2788:
2766:
2759:
2754:of Hussein bin Ali in
2642:
2531:
2527:Ahl Dimmat al-Muslimin
2417:
2303:
2238:
2207:
2158:
2074:an exchange of letters
2024:
1874:. This frightened the
1829:Turkification policies
1792:
1620:
1575:
1504:
1485:before the age of 20.
1280:respectively in 1921.
713:Succession to Muhammad
18:Sherif Hussein ibn Ali
14146:Ottoman Sunni Muslims
13990:Jordanian nationalism
13724:Arab Islamic Republic
13719:Arab Higher Committee
13596:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
13576:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
13387:North Yemen civil war
13320:Arab–Israeli conflict
13164:Caliph of the Muslims
13157:— TITULAR —
12733:Donovan, Ned (2022).
11783:Masalha, Nur (2022).
10383:22 March 2022 at the
10108:Mandate for Palestine
8999:10.9737/hist.2018.658
8399:Princeton, New Jersey
8060:10.12785/jhs/20140213
3535:Order of the Medjidie
3487:Order of Muhammad Ali
3463:, created in 1949 by
3366:
3295:Abdullah bin Muhammed
3191:Madiha, a Circassian;
3179:
3172:Marriage and children
3093:
3061:
3053:
3029:
3009:Muhammad Jamil Bayham
2947:
2771:
2761:
2750:
2629:
2605:Sykes-Picot Agreement
2559:Following World War I
2523:
2412:, before he left for
2403:
2336:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
2301:
2287:, pushed them to use
2233:
2195:
2156:
2018:
1807:, culminating in the
1713:
1623:His main teacher was
1614:
1588:Young Turk Revolution
1573:
1491:
1375:. As a member of the
1194:Young Turk Revolution
136:Abdallah bin Muhammad
14156:People from Istanbul
14086:20th-century caliphs
14025:Tunisian nationalism
13995:Lebanese nationalism
13955:Egyptian nationalism
13950:Algerian nationalism
13854:United Arab Republic
13729:Arab Liberation Army
13709:Arab Ba'ath Movement
13566:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
12775:(15 December 1998).
12581:. 30 November 2023.
12551:. 30 November 2023.
12428:وكالة عمون الاخبارية
12243:. 26 December 2009.
12213:. 11 February 2020.
11733:"الشريف حسين بن علي"
11541:(in Ancient Greek).
11324:Comparative Strategy
11254:"الشريف حسين بن علي"
10302:. 12 November 1916.
10087:on 23 September 2017
9641:Hawa, Salam (2017).
9498:Hiro, Dilip (2012).
7736:. pp. 220–241.
7636:Battle of Mecca 1916
6592:Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala
3654:(eponymous ancestor)
3497:Grand Cordon of the
3485:Grand-cordon of the
3465:Abdullah I of Jordan
3459:as of May 2023. The
3324:Fahrelnissa Kabaağaç
3280:HM King Ali of Hejaz
3221:Nafisa bint Abdullah
3202:Mustafa Rashid Pasha
3168:, Hussein bin Ali".
3138:, a building on the
2646:Treaty of Versailles
2551:and free use of the
2234:Ageyl bodyguards of
2035:counselled caution,
1769:United Arab Emirates
1590:, which brought the
1586:in the midst of the
1333:Abdullah I of Jordan
1244:, in protest of the
1242:Treaty of Versailles
752:Association football
290:Abdullah I of Jordan
76:King Hussein in 1917
45:ٱلْحُسَيْن بِن عَلِي
14015:Sahrawi nationalism
13372:1959 Mosul uprising
13305:Great Syrian Revolt
13122:as independent emir
12491:(in Arabic). 2023.
12183:. 29 October 2014.
11876:Syracuse University
11399:Islamkotob (2010).
10901:2023Heliy...920993B
9375:Avi Shlaim (2008).
7641:Sharifian Caliphate
3545:Grand Cross of the
3533:First Class of the
3521:First Class of the
3509:Grand Cross of the
3411:Crows of the Desert
3272:Ghazi, King of Iraq
3268:Huzaima bint Nasser
2934:Emir of Transjordan
2895:Balfour Declaration
2833:Sharifian Caliphate
2699:Sharifian Caliphate
2601:Balfour Declaration
2426:malik bilad-al-Arab
2386:US State Department
2364:Yildirim Army Group
2328:Yildirim Army Group
2312:battle of Wadi Musa
2101:British possessions
1801:Turkish nationalism
1449:Youth and education
1314:Sharifian Caliphate
1246:Balfour Declaration
513:Profession of Faith
486:Day of Resurrection
14020:Syrian nationalism
14000:Libyan nationalism
13960:Greater Mauritania
13876:The Arab Awakening
13859:United Arab States
13834:Rejectionist Front
13641:Gamal Abdel Nasser
13452:Yemeni unification
13442:Lebanese Civil War
13422:17 July Revolution
13392:Ramadan Revolution
13367:14 July Revolution
13141:Sunni Islam titles
13112:Ottoman-appointed
13091:Political offices
13032:Recognized by the
12925:. In Fleet, Kate;
12861:– Total pages: 473
12023:Jordan in Pictures
11912:www.britannica.com
11663:Ghazi bin Muhammad
11150:Strategic Analysis
10173:english.aawsat.com
9901:Murphy, pp. 33–34.
9475:. 18 August 2020.
9181:10.3138/gsi.9.2.03
8558:. London: Tauris.
8085:(in French): 331.
4202:Hasan Al-Mu'thanna
3372:
3310:Muhammad Atta Amin
3242:Musbah bint Nasser
3227:. Grandparents of
3182:
3096:
3064:
3056:
3032:
2950:
2871:Abdulaziz ibn Saud
2789:
2760:
2511:Syrian territories
2430:Abdulaziz ibn Saud
2418:
2360:pursuit to Haritan
2332:German Asian Corps
2304:
2239:
2208:
2196:Illustration from
2159:
2116:Ekrem Buğra Ekinci
2089:Sultanate of Egypt
2078:Lieutenant Colonel
2025:
1999:Ottoman parliament
1916:in the hands of a
1868:Ottoman government
1793:
1625:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
1621:
1617:Mufti of Jerusalem
1576:
1566:Sharifate of Mecca
1517:Sharifate of Mecca
1505:
1475:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
1400:Sharifate of Mecca
1331:, next to his son
1310:Sharifate of Mecca
101:Office established
14226:Islam and Judaism
14161:People from Mecca
14051:
14050:
13980:Iraqi nationalism
13671:Constantin Zureiq
13521:Abdul Rahman Arif
13501:Butrus al-Bustani
13188:
13187:
13159:
13130:Succeeded by
13125:
13115:Succeeded by
13099:Abd al-Ilah Pasha
13081:Succeeded by
13069:
13054:
13042:Succeeded by
12874:978-1-85065-460-5
12856:978-0-691-03267-2
12746:978-1-912667-89-5
12307:978-1-80526-017-2
12101:978-1-003-30202-5
12033:978-0-8225-1173-1
11885:978-1-08-385146-8
11796:978-0-7556-4296-0
11771:978-0-375-70576-2
11737:الموسوعة الدمشقية
11671:978-9957-635-52-7
11631:978-0-7618-0812-1
11569:978-9963-50-408-4
11539:www.sigmalive.com
11373:978-0-307-43185-1
11296:978-9949-03-520-5
11258:الموسوعة الدمشقية
11062:978-90-04-12548-3
11028:978-1-59740-468-6
11000:978-2-262-07083-0
10993:. Paris: Perrin.
10768:. 20 April 2021.
10631:978-0-9671782-0-2
10594:. 30 April 2020.
10150:978-2-262-07083-0
10143:. Paris: Perrin.
10066:978-0-313-31516-9
9948:978-2-262-07083-0
9876:978-1-84603-339-1
9869:. Bloomsbury US.
9654:978-1-317-39006-0
9581:978-1-135-77191-1
9511:978-1-62371-033-0
9450:978-0-520-91983-9
9386:978-0-14-101728-0
9356:978-1-4128-4749-0
9331:978-0-300-12732-4
9291:978-1-4632-2544-5
9120:978-0-415-48012-3
9087:978-0-231-07434-6
9032:978-0-300-25674-1
8949:on 9 October 2022
8811:978-1-4008-8531-2
8778:978-0-19-285039-3
8687:978-0-252-00202-1
8666:, pp. 41–44.
8633:978-0-520-20446-1
8608:, pp. 41–43.
8565:978-1-86064-331-6
8416:978-1-4008-8736-1
8372:on 9 October 2022
8314:Migration Letters
8286:978-0-88206-000-2
8279:. Caravan Books.
8247:978-1-78552-214-7
8176:978-1-59740-468-6
8010:978-2-262-07083-0
8003:. Paris: Perrin.
7880:978-1-59740-468-6
7807:978-0-7486-0684-9
7784:Manuscript Number
7751:978-0-19-175030-4
7624:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7290:pretender to Iraq
7126:pretender to Iraq
3559:Order of the Bath
3523:Order of Osmanieh
3395:Armenian genocide
3380:Mustafa Wahbi Tal
3320:Faisal II of Iraq
3163:
3072:Hala Sultan Tekke
3013:Mustafa Wahbi Tal
2907:League of Nations
2846:Sultan of Morocco
2829:Ottoman Caliphate
2515:Armenian genocide
2495:Armenian genocide
2481:Armenian genocide
2475:Armenian genocide
2330:, comprising the
2324:Battle of Megiddo
2171:Sharif Ali Haidar
2133:Abbas II of Egypt
2103:and interests in
2085:High Commissioner
2081:Sir Henry McMahon
2045:Sir Henry McMahon
1949:Armenian genocide
1922:Arab independence
1741:Hashemite dynasty
1607:Religious stances
1603:of His Prophet".
1599:of Allah and the
1592:Young Turks (CUP)
1477:, he studied the
1404:Qatadah ibn Idris
1377:Hashemite dynasty
1234:Armenian genocide
1147:King of the Hejaz
1139:Great Arab Revolt
1133:clan who was the
1102:
1083:
1082:
1013:Deobandi jihadism
418:
417:
353:Salah Bani-Shahar
336:Hashemite dynasty
241:British Palestine
55:King of the Arabs
16:(Redirected from
14233:
14176:Sharifs of Mecca
14041:
14040:
13914:Eagle of Saladin
13621:Amin al-Husseini
13586:Faisal I of Iraq
13556:Sultan al-Atrash
13551:Mansur al-Atrash
13526:Abdul Salam Arif
13335:War of Attrition
13221:Arab nationalism
13214:
13207:
13200:
13191:
13190:
13179:
13178:Haramayn invaded
13173:
13155:
13147:Preceded by
13133:Ali Haidar Pasha
13119:
13096:Preceded by
13063:
13059:Preceded by
13051:as King of Hejaz
13048:
13005:
12998:
12990:
12970:
12969:
12946:
12924:
12922:"Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī"
12908:
12860:
12826:
12825:
12823:
12821:
12816:. 1 January 2014
12806:
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12797:
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10864:
10855:. 1 April 1924.
10845:
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10795:
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10782:
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10779:
10777:
10766:Jordan News MENA
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9931:Djihad 1914–1918
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9893:
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9543:Hommes et Mondes
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9410:10.57709/1059628
9397:
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9322:Faisal I of Iraq
9317:
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8880:moorishtimes.com
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8262:
8233:
8224:
8221:Archives Unbound
8216:
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8206:
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3561:(United Kingdom)
3556:
3549:(Ottoman Empire)
3544:
3537:(Ottoman Empire)
3532:
3525:(Ottoman Empire)
3520:
3511:Legion of Honour
3508:
3499:Order of Leopold
3496:
3484:
3403:Armen Sarkissian
3158:
3156:
3140:Haram esh-Sharif
3125:until then, for
3123:Sharifs of Mecca
3086:Return and death
2960:, where his son
2650:Treaty of Sèvres
2583:, respectively.
2380:Kingdom of Hejaz
2340:Vardar offensive
2289:guerilla tactics
2199:Le Petit Journal
2187:Kingdom of Hejaz
2179:Arab nationalist
2137:Khedive of Egypt
1797:Arab nationalism
1725:Rashidun caliphs
1651:was more fluid.
1643:and opposed the
1502:
1471:seven Mu'allaqat
1125:leader from the
1120:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1047:Islam portal
1045:
1044:
1043:
443:
420:
419:
388:
381:Kingdom of Hejaz
345:Ali bin Muhammad
298:Faisal I of Iraq
210:
180:Office abolished
74:
59:Sharifian Caliph
48:
47:
46:
37:
36:
21:
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14235:
14234:
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14230:
14126:House of Hashim
14056:
14055:
14052:
14047:
14029:
13965:Greater Morocco
13938:
13934:Pan-Arab colors
13929:Hawk of Quraish
13895:
13863:
13714:Arab Federation
13675:
13661:Abdullah Rimawi
13636:Mostéfa Merarda
13591:Muammar Gaddafi
13571:Ahmed Ben Bella
13546:Jamal al-Atassi
13536:Bashar al-Assad
13487:
13456:
13437:Black September
13315:Anglo-Iraqi War
13259:
13223:
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13175:
13174:
13171:
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13168:
13160:
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13111:
13109:
13101:
13086:
13084:Ali bin Hussein
13077:
13066:as Ottoman emir
13062:
13047:
13045:Ali bin Hussein
13031:
13029:
13023:
13018:
12999:
12993:
12992:
12982:
12981:
12979:House of Hashim
12975:
12953:
12931:Rowson, Everett
12915:
12913:Further reading
12857:
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12120:kingabdullah.jo
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11868:Aida Ali Najjar
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10953:ekinci, ekrem.
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10681:
10679:
10672:Middle East Eye
10666:
10665:
10658:
10653:Wayback Machine
10643:
10639:
10632:
10618:
10611:
10601:
10599:
10586:
10585:
10576:
10566:
10564:
10549:
10545:
10535:
10533:
10514:
10510:
10500:
10498:
10485:
10484:
10480:
10470:
10468:
10455:
10454:
10450:
10440:
10438:
10425:
10424:
10420:
10410:
10408:
10395:
10394:
10390:
10385:Wayback Machine
10372:
10368:
10358:
10356:
10343:
10342:
10338:
10328:
10323:
10319:
10309:
10307:
10294:
10293:
10289:
10279:
10277:
10262:
10255:
10245:
10243:
10230:
10229:
10222:
10212:
10210:
10197:
10196:
10192:
10182:
10180:
10167:
10166:
10162:
10151:
10137:
10133:
10123:
10121:
10117:
10110:
10104:
10100:
10090:
10088:
10079:
10078:
10074:
10067:
10053:
10049:
10038:
10034:
10029:
10025:
10017:
10013:
10003:
10001:
9995:
9986:
9982:
9972:
9970:
9969:. 24 March 2021
9961:
9960:
9956:
9949:
9927:
9923:
9918:
9905:
9900:
9896:
9886:
9884:
9877:
9861:
9838:
9814:
9810:
9800:
9798:
9783:
9779:
9766:
9764:
9749:
9745:
9735:
9733:
9720:ekinci, ekrem.
9718:
9707:
9697:
9695:
9682:
9681:
9674:
9664:
9662:
9655:
9639:
9632:
9622:
9620:
9605:
9601:
9591:
9589:
9582:
9566:
9562:
9549:(13): 657–673.
9539:
9535:
9521:
9519:
9512:
9496:
9492:
9482:
9480:
9471:
9470:
9466:
9451:
9437:
9433:
9421:
9417:
9398:
9394:
9387:
9373:
9364:
9357:
9343:
9339:
9332:
9318:
9307:
9292:
9278:
9274:
9243:
9239:
9225:
9223:
9208:
9204:
9165:
9161:
9151:
9149:
9141:
9140:
9136:
9121:
9107:
9103:
9088:
9074:
9070:
9060:
9058:
9045:
9044:
9040:
9033:
9019:
9015:
8978:
8974:
8969:
8962:
8952:
8950:
8937:
8936:
8929:
8919:
8917:
8904:
8903:
8899:
8889:
8887:
8874:
8873:
8869:
8859:
8857:
8849:
8848:
8827:
8812:
8798:
8794:
8779:
8765:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8733:
8732:
8728:
8717:
8713:
8702:
8698:
8688:
8674:
8670:
8662:
8653:
8643:
8641:
8634:
8616:
8612:
8604:
8597:
8592:
8588:
8577:
8573:
8566:
8552:
8548:
8537:
8526:
8518:
8511:
8495:
8494:
8486:
8479:
8448:
8444:
8434:
8432:
8417:
8409:. p. 397.
8389:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8360:
8359:
8355:
8345:
8343:
8320:(S1): 476–487.
8306:
8302:
8287:
8273:
8266:
8248:
8234:
8227:
8217:
8210:
8197:
8193:
8177:
8163:
8159:
8147:
8143:
8130:
8128:
8113:
8106:
8092:
8090:
8075:
8068:
8039:
8018:
8011:
7997:
7993:
7983:
7981:
7968:
7964:
7933:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7881:
7867:
7863:
7832:
7823:
7808:
7794:
7790:
7780:
7771:
7761:
7759:
7752:
7714:
7710:
7705:on 9 July 2012.
7693:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7646:Siege of Medina
7632:
7626:
7614:
7607:
7606:
7528:
7521:
7520:
7428:
7421:
7420:
7405:
7398:
7397:
7294:
7288:
7286:
7276:
7269:
7268:
7253:
7246:
7245:
7228:
7221:
7220:
7130:
7124:
7122:
7112:
7106:
7101:
7086:
7079:
7078:
7061:
7054:
7053:
6926:
6920:
6918:Sharif of Mecca
6915:
6757:
6753:Sharif of Mecca
6750:
6749:
6667:
6590:
6292:
6288:Sharif of Mecca
6285:
6284:
6206:
6202:Sharif of Mecca
6199:
6198:
6121:
6117:Sharif of Mecca
6114:
6113:
6107:
6034:
6030:Sharif of Mecca
6027:
6026:
5950:
5946:Sharif of Mecca
5943:
5942:
5864:
5860:Sharif of Mecca
5857:
5856:
5778:
5774:Sharif of Mecca
5771:
5770:
5692:
5688:Sharif of Mecca
5685:
5684:
5605:
5601:Sharif of Mecca
5598:
5597:
5518:
5514:Sharif of Mecca
5511:
5510:
5504:
5431:
5427:Sharif of Mecca
5424:
5423:
5270:
5266:Sharif of Mecca
5263:
5262:
5030:
4353:
4199:
4126:
4119:
4118:
4049:
4042:
4041:
3961:
3957:Islamic prophet
3954:
3953:
3832:
3732:Abd al-Muttalib
3729:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3602:
3597:
3568:
3477:
3434:
3391:
3361:
3356:
3338:
3333:
3291:Princess Saleha
3256:Princess Fatima
3250:Nahda bint Uman
3238:Prince Abdullah
3174:
3104:Raghadan Palace
3088:
3044:Turkish Cypriot
3021:Turkish Cypriot
2942:
2879:
2804:, according to
2798:Ottoman Caliphs
2738:Ottoman dynasty
2701:
2695:
2593:Hogarth Message
2589:
2561:
2487:
2477:
2465:Masjid al-Haram
2438:
2382:
2376:
2366:and ultimately
2352:Austria-Hungary
2255:siege to Medina
2212:Battle of Mecca
2151:
2145:
2013:
2007:
1737:Fatimid dynasty
1729:Umayyad dynasty
1721:Abbasid dynasty
1708:
1702:
1697:
1695:The Arab Revolt
1669:Idrisid Emirate
1657:
1609:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1541:
1459:Arabic language
1451:
1420:
1373:Sharif of Mecca
1361:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1294:Ali bin Hussein
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1079:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1008:Salafi jihadism
966:Other religions
961:Arabic language
923:
913:
912:
841:Moral teachings
732:
718:
717:
708:Spread of Islam
653:
643:
642:
630:(jurisprudence)
612:Qisas al-Anbiya
561:
560:
540:
539:
508:
498:
497:
453:
410:
372:Military career
313:
302:Princess Saliha
294:Princess Fatima
268:
243:
233:Noble Sanctuary
212:
193:
146:Ali bin Hussein
111:Ali bin Hussein
77:
61:
57:
42:
41:
40:Hussein bin Ali
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14239:
14229:
14228:
14223:
14218:
14213:
14208:
14203:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14183:
14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14133:
14131:Kings of Hejaz
14128:
14123:
14118:
14113:
14111:Flag designers
14108:
14103:
14098:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14049:
14048:
14046:
14045:
14034:
14031:
14030:
14028:
14027:
14022:
14017:
14012:
14007:
14002:
13997:
13992:
13987:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13957:
13952:
13946:
13944:
13943:Related topics
13940:
13939:
13937:
13936:
13931:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13905:
13903:
13897:
13896:
13894:
13893:
13886:
13879:
13871:
13869:
13865:
13864:
13862:
13861:
13856:
13851:
13846:
13841:
13836:
13831:
13826:
13821:
13816:
13811:
13809:Islamic Legion
13806:
13801:
13796:
13791:
13786:
13781:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13699:Al-Mourabitoun
13696:
13691:
13685:
13683:
13677:
13676:
13674:
13673:
13668:
13666:Hamdeen Sabahi
13663:
13658:
13656:Fuad al-Rikabi
13653:
13648:
13646:Adnan Pachachi
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13616:Saddam Hussein
13613:
13608:
13606:Sati' al-Husri
13603:
13598:
13593:
13588:
13583:
13578:
13573:
13568:
13563:
13558:
13553:
13548:
13543:
13541:Hafez al-Assad
13538:
13533:
13531:Zaki al-Arsuzi
13528:
13523:
13518:
13513:
13508:
13503:
13497:
13495:
13489:
13488:
13486:
13485:
13480:
13475:
13470:
13464:
13462:
13458:
13457:
13455:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13412:Aden Emergency
13409:
13404:
13399:
13394:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13374:
13369:
13364:
13359:
13357:Iraqi Intifada
13354:
13349:
13348:
13347:
13342:
13340:Yom Kippur War
13337:
13332:
13327:
13317:
13312:
13307:
13302:
13301:
13300:
13290:
13285:
13284:
13283:
13273:
13267:
13265:
13261:
13260:
13258:
13257:
13252:
13247:
13242:
13237:
13235:Arab socialism
13231:
13229:
13225:
13224:
13217:
13216:
13209:
13202:
13194:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13153:
13148:
13144:
13143:
13137:
13136:
13131:
13127:
13126:
13116:
13113:
13102:
13097:
13093:
13092:
13088:
13087:
13082:
13079:
13070:
13060:
13056:
13055:
13043:
13040:
13024:
13019:
13012:
13011:
13010:Regnal titles
13007:
13006:
12976:
12973:
12968:
12967:
12952:
12951:External links
12949:
12948:
12947:
12927:Krämer, Gudrun
12914:
12911:
12910:
12909:
12876:
12862:
12855:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12827:
12801:
12787:
12781:. I.B.Tauris.
12764:
12745:
12725:
12710:
12696:, 4 May 2020,
12683:
12652:
12626:
12596:
12566:
12549:www.factjo.com
12536:
12506:
12489:alrainewspaper
12476:
12445:
12415:
12385:
12355:
12325:
12306:
12286:
12258:
12228:
12198:
12168:
12137:
12107:
12100:
12082:
12051:
12032:
12012:
11986:
11960:
11929:
11899:
11884:
11878:. p. 42.
11874:(PhD thesis).
11859:
11847:
11818:
11795:
11775:
11754:
11720:
11701:(5): 733–755.
11685:
11649:
11630:
11610:
11583:
11556:
11525:
11506:(5): 733–755.
11455:
11436:(5): 733–755.
11420:
11391:
11372:
11349:
11314:
11295:
11275:
11239:
11209:
11175:
11156:(3): 285–296.
11140:
11103:
11068:
11061:
11043:
11027:
11006:
10999:
10976:
10961:(in Turkish).
10942:
10895:(11): e20993.
10870:
10835:
10823:
10796:
10783:
10753:
10720:
10689:
10656:
10637:
10630:
10609:
10574:
10543:
10528:(2): 511–518.
10508:
10478:
10448:
10418:
10388:
10366:
10336:
10317:
10287:
10253:
10220:
10190:
10160:
10149:
10131:
10120:on 25 May 2019
10098:
10072:
10065:
10047:
10032:
10023:
10011:
9980:
9954:
9947:
9921:
9919:Murphy, p. 34.
9903:
9894:
9875:
9836:
9808:
9777:
9743:
9728:(in Turkish).
9705:
9672:
9653:
9630:
9599:
9580:
9560:
9533:
9510:
9490:
9464:
9449:
9431:
9429:. p. 18.
9415:
9392:
9385:
9377:Lion of Jordan
9362:
9355:
9337:
9330:
9305:
9290:
9272:
9253:(2): 115–141.
9237:
9202:
9175:(2): 208–227.
9159:
9134:
9119:
9101:
9086:
9068:
9038:
9031:
9013:
8992:(7): 241–264.
8972:
8960:
8927:
8897:
8867:
8825:
8810:
8792:
8777:
8756:
8726:
8711:
8696:
8686:
8668:
8651:
8632:
8610:
8595:
8586:
8571:
8564:
8546:
8524:
8509:
8477:
8458:(5): 733–755.
8442:
8415:
8383:
8353:
8300:
8285:
8264:
8246:
8225:
8208:
8191:
8175:
8157:
8141:
8104:
8066:
8053:(2): 312–335.
8016:
8009:
7991:
7962:
7943:(2): 184–185.
7924:
7894:
7879:
7861:
7842:(1): 103–122.
7821:
7806:
7788:
7769:
7750:
7708:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7653:
7651:Suleiman Mousa
7648:
7643:
7638:
7631:
7628:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7599:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7563:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7524:King of Jordan
7508:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7431:
7429:
7408:
7406:
7401:King of Jordan
7385:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7365:
7363:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7279:
7277:
7256:
7254:
7249:King of Jordan
7233:
7231:
7229:
7224:Regent of Iraq
7213:
7211:
7209:
7207:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7171:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7115:
7113:
7089:
7087:
7082:King of Jordan
7066:
7064:
7062:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7013:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6636:
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3399:Serzh Sargsyan
3390:
3387:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3313:
3299:
3298:
3284:
3283:
3278:, daughter of
3276:Aliya bint Ali
3260:
3259:
3253:
3235:
3232:
3225:Aliya bint Ali
3210:
3209:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3173:
3170:
3087:
3084:
2941:
2938:
2920:, was briefly
2878:
2875:
2825:Hubert Lyautey
2802:Ottoman Sultan
2697:Main article:
2694:
2691:
2683:United Kingdom
2625:Colonel Wilson
2597:Bassett Letter
2588:
2585:
2560:
2557:
2476:
2473:
2469:al-Aqsa mosque
2437:
2434:
2378:Main article:
2375:
2372:
2316:Tafas massacre
2206:, 16 July 1916
2147:Main article:
2144:
2141:
2083:, the British
2070:Triple Entente
2066:Lord Kitchener
2009:Main article:
2006:
2003:
1953:Ottoman Empire
1926:Ottoman Empire
1902:independentist
1805:Ottoman Empire
1704:Main article:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1673:Idrisid forces
1656:
1653:
1608:
1605:
1580:Abdul Hamid II
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1540:
1537:
1473:. With Sheikh
1450:
1447:
1432:Constantinople
1419:
1416:
1365:Constantinople
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:Al-Aqsa mosque
1304:armies of the
1218:Ottoman Empire
1201:Abdul Hamid II
1198:Ottoman sultan
1143:Ottoman Empire
1129:branch of the
1081:
1080:
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924:
921:Related topics
919:
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910:
905:
903:Social welfare
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509:
504:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
493:Predestination
489:
488:
483:
477:
476:
474:Revealed Books
471:
465:
464:
454:
449:
448:
445:
444:
436:
435:
429:
428:
416:
415:
412:
411:
409:
408:
402:
400:
396:
395:
393:Sharifian Army
390:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
343:
339:
338:
333:
327:
326:
321:
315:
314:
312:
311:
306:
303:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
278:
276:
270:
269:
267:
266:
261:
258:
255:
251:
249:
245:
244:
227:
225:
221:
220:
211:(aged 77)
206:
202:
201:
199:Ottoman Empire
195:Constantinople
190:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
79:
78:
75:
67:
66:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14238:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14207:
14204:
14202:
14199:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14139:
14137:
14134:
14132:
14129:
14127:
14124:
14122:
14119:
14117:
14114:
14112:
14109:
14107:
14104:
14102:
14099:
14097:
14094:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14063:
14061:
14054:
14044:
14036:
14035:
14032:
14026:
14023:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14013:
14011:
14008:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13996:
13993:
13991:
13988:
13986:
13983:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13975:Greater Yemen
13973:
13971:
13970:Greater Syria
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
13947:
13945:
13941:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13906:
13904:
13902:
13898:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13885:
13884:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13866:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13790:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13686:
13684:
13682:
13681:Organizations
13678:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13601:George Habash
13599:
13597:
13594:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13582:
13581:Izzat Darwaza
13579:
13577:
13574:
13572:
13569:
13567:
13564:
13562:
13559:
13557:
13554:
13552:
13549:
13547:
13544:
13542:
13539:
13537:
13534:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13517:
13516:Yasser Arafat
13514:
13512:
13509:
13507:
13504:
13502:
13499:
13498:
13496:
13494:
13493:Personalities
13490:
13484:
13481:
13479:
13476:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13468:Arab identity
13466:
13465:
13463:
13459:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13382:Arab Cold War
13380:
13378:
13375:
13373:
13370:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13322:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13299:
13296:
13295:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13282:
13279:
13278:
13277:
13274:
13272:
13269:
13268:
13266:
13262:
13256:
13253:
13251:
13248:
13246:
13243:
13241:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13232:
13230:
13226:
13222:
13215:
13210:
13208:
13203:
13201:
13196:
13195:
13192:
13184:
13167:
13166:
13165:
13158:
13151:
13150:Abdülmecid II
13145:
13142:
13138:
13134:
13128:
13124:
13123:
13108:
13107:
13100:
13094:
13089:
13085:
13076:
13075:
13068:
13067:
13057:
13053:
13052:
13046:
13039:
13038:King of Hejaz
13035:
13028:
13022:
13017:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12996:
12991:
12989:
12985:
12980:
12971:
12966:
12962:
12958:
12955:
12954:
12944:
12940:
12936:
12932:
12928:
12923:
12917:
12916:
12906:
12902:
12898:
12894:
12890:
12886:
12882:
12877:
12875:
12871:
12867:
12863:
12858:
12852:
12848:
12844:
12840:
12836:
12835:
12815:
12814:alhussein.gov
12811:
12810:"Family tree"
12805:
12790:
12788:9781860643316
12784:
12780:
12779:
12774:
12768:
12752:
12748:
12742:
12738:
12737:
12729:
12721:
12714:
12699:
12695:
12694:
12687:
12671:
12668:(in Arabic).
12667:
12663:
12656:
12641:
12637:
12630:
12614:
12610:
12606:
12600:
12584:
12580:
12576:
12570:
12554:
12550:
12546:
12540:
12524:
12521:(in Arabic).
12520:
12516:
12510:
12494:
12490:
12486:
12480:
12464:
12460:
12456:
12449:
12433:
12429:
12425:
12419:
12403:
12399:
12395:
12389:
12373:
12369:
12365:
12359:
12343:
12339:
12335:
12329:
12313:
12309:
12303:
12299:
12298:
12290:
12275:
12271:
12270:
12262:
12246:
12242:
12238:
12232:
12216:
12212:
12208:
12202:
12186:
12182:
12181:armenpress.am
12178:
12172:
12156:
12152:
12148:
12141:
12125:
12121:
12117:
12111:
12103:
12097:
12093:
12086:
12070:
12067:(in Arabic).
12066:
12062:
12059:التل, مصطفى.
12055:
12039:
12035:
12029:
12025:
12024:
12016:
12000:
11996:
11990:
11974:
11970:
11964:
11948:
11945:(in Arabic).
11944:
11940:
11933:
11917:
11913:
11909:
11903:
11895:
11891:
11887:
11881:
11877:
11873:
11869:
11863:
11857:, p. 78.
11856:
11851:
11835:
11831:
11830:
11822:
11815:
11802:
11798:
11792:
11788:
11787:
11779:
11772:
11768:
11764:
11758:
11742:
11739:(in Arabic).
11738:
11734:
11727:
11725:
11716:
11712:
11708:
11704:
11700:
11696:
11689:
11683:
11679:
11676:
11672:
11668:
11664:
11661:
11656:
11654:
11637:
11633:
11627:
11623:
11622:
11614:
11598:
11594:
11587:
11581:
11577:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11560:
11544:
11540:
11536:
11529:
11521:
11517:
11513:
11509:
11505:
11501:
11494:
11492:
11490:
11488:
11486:
11484:
11482:
11480:
11478:
11476:
11474:
11472:
11470:
11468:
11466:
11464:
11462:
11460:
11451:
11447:
11443:
11439:
11435:
11431:
11424:
11408:
11405:(in Arabic).
11404:
11403:
11395:
11379:
11375:
11369:
11365:
11364:
11356:
11354:
11345:
11341:
11337:
11333:
11329:
11325:
11318:
11302:
11298:
11292:
11288:
11287:
11279:
11263:
11260:(in Arabic).
11259:
11255:
11248:
11246:
11244:
11227:
11223:
11219:
11213:
11206:
11194:
11191:(in Arabic).
11190:
11186:
11179:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11144:
11137:
11125:
11122:(in Arabic).
11121:
11117:
11110:
11108:
11099:
11095:
11091:
11087:
11083:
11079:
11072:
11064:
11058:
11054:
11047:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11024:
11020:
11013:
11011:
11002:
10996:
10992:
10985:
10983:
10981:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10949:
10947:
10938:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10920:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10902:
10898:
10894:
10890:
10886:
10879:
10877:
10875:
10858:
10854:
10850:
10844:
10842:
10840:
10830:
10828:
10819:
10815:
10811:
10807:
10800:
10793:
10787:
10771:
10767:
10763:
10757:
10750:
10746:
10742:
10738:
10734:
10727:
10725:
10708:
10704:
10700:
10693:
10677:
10673:
10669:
10663:
10661:
10654:
10650:
10647:
10641:
10633:
10627:
10623:
10616:
10614:
10597:
10593:
10589:
10583:
10581:
10579:
10562:
10558:
10554:
10547:
10531:
10527:
10523:
10519:
10512:
10496:
10492:
10488:
10482:
10466:
10462:
10458:
10452:
10436:
10432:
10428:
10422:
10406:
10402:
10398:
10392:
10386:
10382:
10379:
10375:
10370:
10354:
10350:
10346:
10340:
10332:
10321:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10291:
10275:
10271:
10267:
10260:
10258:
10241:
10238:(in Arabic).
10237:
10233:
10227:
10225:
10208:
10205:(in Arabic).
10204:
10203:رؤيا الأخباري
10200:
10194:
10178:
10174:
10170:
10164:
10157:
10152:
10146:
10142:
10135:
10116:
10109:
10102:
10086:
10082:
10076:
10068:
10062:
10058:
10051:
10043:
10036:
10027:
10021:, p. 368
10020:
10015:
9999:
9991:
9984:
9968:
9964:
9958:
9950:
9944:
9940:
9936:
9932:
9925:
9916:
9914:
9912:
9910:
9908:
9898:
9882:
9878:
9872:
9868:
9867:
9859:
9857:
9855:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9847:
9845:
9843:
9841:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9819:
9812:
9796:
9792:
9788:
9781:
9774:
9762:
9759:(in French).
9758:
9754:
9747:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9716:
9714:
9712:
9710:
9693:
9689:
9685:
9679:
9677:
9660:
9656:
9650:
9646:
9645:
9637:
9635:
9618:
9615:(in French).
9614:
9610:
9603:
9587:
9583:
9577:
9573:
9572:
9564:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9544:
9537:
9530:
9517:
9513:
9507:
9503:
9502:
9494:
9478:
9474:
9468:
9460:
9456:
9452:
9446:
9442:
9435:
9428:
9424:
9419:
9411:
9407:
9403:
9396:
9388:
9382:
9378:
9371:
9369:
9367:
9358:
9352:
9348:
9341:
9333:
9327:
9323:
9316:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9301:
9297:
9293:
9287:
9283:
9276:
9268:
9264:
9260:
9256:
9252:
9248:
9241:
9234:
9221:
9217:
9216:Him 1990–2015
9213:
9206:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9182:
9178:
9174:
9170:
9163:
9148:
9144:
9138:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9116:
9113:. Routledge.
9112:
9105:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9083:
9079:
9072:
9056:
9052:
9048:
9042:
9034:
9028:
9024:
9017:
9009:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8976:
8967:
8965:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8934:
8932:
8915:
8911:
8907:
8901:
8885:
8882:(in French).
8881:
8877:
8871:
8856:
8852:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8832:
8830:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8807:
8803:
8796:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8774:
8770:
8763:
8761:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8730:
8722:
8715:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8689:
8683:
8679:
8672:
8665:
8660:
8658:
8656:
8639:
8635:
8629:
8625:
8621:
8614:
8607:
8602:
8600:
8590:
8582:
8575:
8567:
8561:
8557:
8550:
8542:
8535:
8533:
8531:
8529:
8522:, p. 49.
8521:
8516:
8514:
8505:
8499:
8491:
8484:
8482:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8446:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8408:
8404:
8400:
8396:
8395:
8387:
8371:
8367:
8363:
8357:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8311:
8304:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8282:
8278:
8271:
8269:
8261:
8257:
8253:
8249:
8243:
8239:
8232:
8230:
8222:
8215:
8213:
8204:
8203:
8195:
8186:
8182:
8178:
8172:
8168:
8161:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8126:
8123:(in Arabic).
8122:
8118:
8111:
8109:
8101:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8073:
8071:
8061:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8012:
8006:
8002:
7995:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7966:
7958:
7954:
7950:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7931:
7929:
7912:
7908:
7904:
7898:
7890:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7872:
7865:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7837:
7830:
7828:
7826:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7803:
7799:
7792:
7785:
7778:
7776:
7774:
7757:
7753:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7712:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7690:
7686:
7671:
7667:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7627:
7617:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7571:
7569:
7533:
7531:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7480:
7478:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7425:
7419:
7418:
7413:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7357:
7355:
7299:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7250:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7225:
7219:
7218:
7195:
7193:
7135:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7120:
7109:
7105:
7104:King of Syria
7100:
7099:
7094:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7071:
7058:
7057:King of Hejaz
7052:
7051:
7046:
7023:
7020:
7012:
7010:
7002:
7000:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6966:
6964:
6954:
6952:
6931:
6929:
6923:
6922:King of Hejaz
6919:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6875:
6873:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6800:
6798:
6762:
6760:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6714:
6712:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6637:
6635:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6560:
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6211:
6209:
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6197:
6165:
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6127:
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6112:
6111:
6110:Abu Numayy II
6077:
6075:
6039:
6037:
6031:
6025:
5993:
5991:
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5189:
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5114:
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5109:
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4507:
4475:
4473:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4400:
4398:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:Musa Al-Djawn
4323:
4321:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4248:
4246:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4169:
4167:
4131:
4129:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4083:
4076:
4074:
4069:
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4065:
4046:
4045:fourth caliph
4040:
4039:
4014:
4012:
3966:
3964:
3958:
3952:
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3908:
3906:
3860:
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3519:
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3507:
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3500:
3495:
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3479:
3478:
3472:
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3462:
3458:
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3447:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3306:Princess Sara
3304:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3270:. Parents of
3269:
3265:
3264:Prince Faisal
3262:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:. Parents of
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3169:
3167:
3161:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:: inside the
3133:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3092:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:Greek Cypriot
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2989:Ronald Storrs
2986:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2922:King of Syria
2919:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2800:and the last
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2772:Testimony of
2770:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2687:his Caliphate
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2638:Great Britain
2634:
2633:H. MacMahon's
2628:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:King of Syria
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:Hejaz railway
2550:
2546:
2541:
2540:Syrian desert
2536:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:in which the
2512:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2454:slave markets
2451:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2374:King of Hejaz
2371:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2293:Hejaz railway
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:Western front
2278:
2274:
2273:Malik al-Arab
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2259:Syrian desert
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2114:According to
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:Field Marshal
2060:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2021:Khalil Gibran
2017:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1942:anti-colonial
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:Ottoman Syria
1907:
1906:anti-colonial
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:Hejaz Railway
1842:In 1908, the
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1827:in teaching,
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1595:Allah is the
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1567:
1552:
1550:
1549:Sublime Porte
1546:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:Hasan bin Ali
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:, the former
1370:
1366:
1360:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1209:Turkification
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:empires, the
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1114:pronunciation
1106:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:Military laws
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
922:
917:
916:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
892:
889:
888:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
876:Proselytizing
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
785:
784:Denominations
782:
778:
775:
774:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
731:
727:
722:
721:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
675:
673:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
652:
647:
646:
639:
637:
633:
631:
629:
625:
624:
620:
617:
615:
613:
609:
607:
605:
601:
599:
597:
593:
592:
588:
587:
582:
581:
576:
575:
571:
569:
568:
564:
563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
543:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
507:
502:
501:
494:
491:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
463:
459:
456:
455:
452:
447:
446:
442:
438:
437:
434:
431:
430:
426:
422:
421:
413:
407:
404:
403:
401:
397:
394:
391:
385:
382:
379:
375:
370:
366:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:
334:
332:
328:
325:
322:
320:
316:
310:
307:
305:Princess Sara
304:
301:
299:
296:
293:
291:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
277:
275:
271:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:al-Arghūniyya
226:
222:
219:
215:
207:
203:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:Abdulmejid II
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
83:King of Hejaz
80:
73:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
51:
38:
33:
19:
14066:1850s births
14053:
14010:Pan-Islamism
13888:
13881:
13874:
13774:Ba'ath Party
13651:Ameen Rihani
13610:
13511:Jassem Alwan
13506:Michel Aflaq
13362:Algerian War
13288:Iraqi Revolt
13182:
13162:
13161:
13156:
13121:
13120:
13104:
13072:
13065:
13064:
13050:
13049:
13026:
13016:New creation
13015:
13001:
12994:
12988:Banu Qatadah
12986:, branch of
12977:
12934:
12880:
12865:
12842:
12818:. Retrieved
12813:
12804:
12792:. Retrieved
12777:
12773:Kamal Salibi
12767:
12755:. Retrieved
12735:
12728:
12719:
12713:
12702:, retrieved
12692:
12686:
12674:. Retrieved
12665:
12655:
12643:. Retrieved
12639:
12629:
12617:. Retrieved
12608:
12599:
12587:. Retrieved
12578:
12569:
12557:. Retrieved
12548:
12539:
12527:. Retrieved
12518:
12509:
12497:. Retrieved
12488:
12479:
12467:. Retrieved
12458:
12448:
12436:. Retrieved
12427:
12418:
12406:. Retrieved
12397:
12388:
12376:. Retrieved
12367:
12358:
12346:. Retrieved
12337:
12328:
12316:. Retrieved
12296:
12289:
12278:, retrieved
12268:
12261:
12249:. Retrieved
12240:
12231:
12221:27 September
12219:. Retrieved
12211:Jordan Times
12210:
12201:
12191:27 September
12189:. Retrieved
12180:
12171:
12161:27 September
12159:. Retrieved
12150:
12140:
12130:27 September
12128:. Retrieved
12119:
12110:
12091:
12085:
12073:. Retrieved
12064:
12054:
12042:. Retrieved
12022:
12015:
12003:. Retrieved
11989:
11977:. Retrieved
11963:
11951:. Retrieved
11942:
11937:شوقي, أحمد.
11932:
11920:. Retrieved
11911:
11902:
11871:
11862:
11850:
11838:. Retrieved
11828:
11826:IslamKotob.
11821:
11812:
11805:. Retrieved
11785:
11778:
11762:
11757:
11745:. Retrieved
11736:
11698:
11694:
11688:
11659:
11640:. Retrieved
11620:
11613:
11601:. Retrieved
11586:
11559:
11549:28 September
11547:. Retrieved
11538:
11528:
11503:
11499:
11433:
11429:
11423:
11411:. Retrieved
11401:
11394:
11382:. Retrieved
11362:
11327:
11323:
11317:
11305:. Retrieved
11285:
11278:
11266:. Retrieved
11257:
11230:. Retrieved
11221:
11212:
11204:
11197:. Retrieved
11188:
11178:
11153:
11149:
11143:
11135:
11128:. Retrieved
11119:
11084:(3): 61–70.
11081:
11077:
11071:
11052:
11046:
11018:
10990:
10967:. Retrieved
10958:
10892:
10888:
10861:. Retrieved
10852:
10809:
10805:
10799:
10791:
10786:
10774:. Retrieved
10765:
10756:
10748:
10739:(2): 72–85.
10736:
10732:
10711:. Retrieved
10702:
10692:
10680:. Retrieved
10671:
10640:
10621:
10600:. Retrieved
10591:
10565:. Retrieved
10556:
10546:
10534:. Retrieved
10525:
10521:
10511:
10499:. Retrieved
10490:
10481:
10469:. Retrieved
10460:
10451:
10439:. Retrieved
10430:
10421:
10409:. Retrieved
10400:
10391:
10373:
10369:
10357:. Retrieved
10348:
10339:
10330:
10320:
10308:. Retrieved
10299:
10290:
10278:. Retrieved
10270:Art-A-Tsolum
10269:
10244:. Retrieved
10235:
10211:. Retrieved
10202:
10193:
10181:. Retrieved
10172:
10163:
10154:
10140:
10134:
10122:. Retrieved
10115:the original
10101:
10089:. Retrieved
10085:the original
10075:
10056:
10050:
10041:
10035:
10026:
10014:
10002:. Retrieved
9983:
9971:. Retrieved
9966:
9957:
9930:
9924:
9897:
9885:. Retrieved
9865:
9831:
9817:
9811:
9799:. Retrieved
9790:
9780:
9772:
9765:. Retrieved
9756:
9746:
9734:. Retrieved
9725:
9698:29 September
9696:. Retrieved
9687:
9663:. Retrieved
9643:
9621:. Retrieved
9612:
9602:
9590:. Retrieved
9570:
9563:
9546:
9542:
9536:
9527:
9520:. Retrieved
9500:
9493:
9481:. Retrieved
9467:
9440:
9434:
9426:
9423:Xavier Baron
9418:
9401:
9395:
9376:
9346:
9340:
9321:
9281:
9275:
9250:
9246:
9240:
9231:
9224:. Retrieved
9215:
9205:
9172:
9168:
9162:
9150:. Retrieved
9146:
9137:
9110:
9104:
9077:
9071:
9059:. Retrieved
9050:
9041:
9022:
9016:
8989:
8985:
8975:
8951:. Retrieved
8947:the original
8942:
8920:28 September
8918:. Retrieved
8909:
8900:
8888:. Retrieved
8879:
8870:
8858:. Retrieved
8854:
8801:
8795:
8768:
8747:. Retrieved
8738:
8729:
8720:
8714:
8705:
8699:
8691:
8677:
8671:
8642:. Retrieved
8623:
8613:
8589:
8580:
8574:
8555:
8549:
8540:
8489:
8455:
8451:
8445:
8433:. Retrieved
8393:
8386:
8374:. Retrieved
8370:the original
8365:
8356:
8344:. Retrieved
8317:
8313:
8303:
8276:
8259:
8237:
8220:
8201:
8194:
8166:
8160:
8150:
8144:
8136:
8129:. Retrieved
8120:
8098:
8091:. Retrieved
8082:
8050:
8046:
8000:
7994:
7982:. Retrieved
7972:
7965:
7940:
7936:
7915:. Retrieved
7906:
7897:
7870:
7864:
7839:
7835:
7797:
7791:
7783:
7760:. Retrieved
7721:
7711:
7703:the original
7698:
7689:
7670:
7625:
7601:
7515:
7433:
7424:King of Iraq
7415:
7392:
7281:
7272:King of Iraq
7263:
7240:
7217:'Abd Al-Ilah
7215:
7117:
7108:King of Iraq
7096:
7073:
7048:
6910:
6830:
6744:
6669:Abdul Mu'een
6668:
6591:
6515:
6440:
6365:
6279:
6195:
6108:
6023:
5937:
5851:
5765:
5679:
5592:
5507:Abu Numayy I
5505:
5418:
5343:
5257:
5182:
5107:
5032:Abd Al-Karim
5031:
4955:
4880:
4805:
4730:
4655:
4580:
4505:
4430:
4354:
4278:
4200:
4122:fifth caliph
4113:
4062:
4036:
3948:
3851:
3833:
3730:
3647:
3450:
3435:
3415:
3410:
3392:
3384:
3376:Ahmed Shawqi
3373:
3345:
3339:
3300:
3285:
3246:Suzdil Hanum
3211:
3198:Adila Khanum
3183:
3148:
3144:Temple Mount
3112:
3097:
3068:Adila Khanum
3065:
3033:
2979:He lived in
2978:
2951:
2926:King of Iraq
2911:
2880:
2868:
2850:
2837:pan-Islamism
2818:
2811:
2805:
2790:
2779:
2778:, quoted by
2773:
2762:
2702:
2668:
2643:
2630:
2618:
2614:
2590:
2562:
2532:
2524:
2508:
2503:our holy law
2488:
2462:
2458:Hejaz region
2439:
2425:
2419:
2390:aide-mémoire
2383:
2320:
2308:secure Aqaba
2305:
2272:
2266:
2240:
2209:
2198:
2160:
2124:persecutions
2113:
2057:The British
2056:
2026:
1984:
1973:
1946:
1934:
1899:
1889:society and
1880:
1841:
1794:
1689:
1677:
1658:
1622:
1577:
1542:
1506:
1452:
1436:
1421:
1412:11th century
1396:Banu Qatadah
1393:
1362:
1323:, where the
1318:
1282:
1216:against the
1191:
1141:against the
1127:Banu Qatadah
1085:
1084:
993:Islamophobia
772:Demographics
767:Circumcision
683:
676:
669:
635:
627:
611:
603:
595:
584:
578:
572:
565:
399:Battles/wars
324:Banu Qatadah
286:Sharif Hasan
282:Ali of Hejaz
264:Adila Khanum
100:
53:
14151:Pan-Arabism
14096:Arab Revolt
14071:1931 deaths
13704:Arab Ba'ath
13626:Salah Jadid
13483:Arabization
13330:Six-Day War
13325:Suez Crisis
13271:Arab Revolt
13250:Pan-Arabism
13021:Arab Revolt
13004:4 June 1931
12666:جريدة الوطن
12589:28 December
12559:28 December
12529:28 December
12499:28 December
12469:13 December
12348:17 December
12318:21 December
12280:17 December
12251:17 December
12044:28 November
11642:12 November
11603:17 December
11330:(1): 1–14.
11232:10 November
11189:جريدة الوطن
11120:جريدة الوطن
10969:13 December
10863:11 November
10776:17 December
10682:17 December
10602:17 December
10567:17 December
10536:21 December
10441:18 December
10411:17 December
10310:17 December
10280:16 December
10213:15 December
10183:13 December
10091:17 December
10019:Peters 1994
10004:17 December
9973:17 December
9827:10871/13970
9801:16 December
9767:19 December
9623:13 December
9522:21 December
8855:aden.center
8121:جريدة الوطن
7984:19 December
7762:16 December
7517:Abdullah II
3475:Decorations
3316:Prince Zeid
3204:, sometime
3100:Middle East
3040:Young Turks
2958:Transjordan
2883:Arab Revolt
2758:, 1916–1918
2717:Transjordan
2711:at his son
2679:Yaakov Meir
2581:Transjordan
2410:Transjordan
2404:Hussein in
2394:Arab Bureau
2263:Seferberlik
2251:Arab revolt
2223:, attacked
2181:leaders in
2163:Allied camp
2149:Arab Revolt
2135:, the last
2052:Edward Grey
2019:Drawing by
1987:World War I
1980:pan-Arabism
1969:Arab nation
1930:Enver Pasha
1706:Pan-Arabism
1631:. He had a
1560:Appointment
1463:Islamic law
1316:to an end.
1278:Transjordan
1268:. His sons
1232:during the
1214:Arab Revolt
1187:pan-Arabism
1131:Banu Hashim
671:Ahl al-Bayt
556:Foundations
406:Arab Revolt
362:Sunni Islam
309:Prince Zeid
218:Transjordan
209:4 June 1931
167:Predecessor
132:Predecessor
97:Predecessor
14060:Categories
13868:Literature
13561:Tariq Aziz
13478:Arab world
13473:Arab Union
13402:Dhofar War
12905:2451400709
12897:1228848499
12883:(Thesis).
12820:8 February
12794:7 February
12241:Ammon News
11307:25 October
11268:7 December
11037:1113069713
10703:Orient XXI
10431:sunnah.com
10359:1 December
10296:"Le Temps"
9820:(Thesis).
9665:25 October
9404:(Thesis).
9300:1110716800
8376:2 December
8185:1113069713
7917:2 December
7889:1113069713
7657:References
7075:Abdullah I
6024:Barakat II
3600:Hashemites
3336:Literature
3308:, married
3293:, married
3217:Prince Ali
3136:Arghūniyya
2997:al-Bukhari
2924:and later
2713:Abdullah's
2479:See also:
2388:quotes an
2175:executions
1895:Hashemites
1864:Harb tribe
1813:Hashemites
1781:Somaliland
1564:See also:
1410:since the
1389:Circassian
1359:Hashemites
1357:See also:
1353:Ascendance
1339:compound.
1153:after the
861:Philosophy
598:(exegesis)
535:Pilgrimage
525:Almsgiving
377:Allegiance
192:1 May 1854
14106:Dhawu Awn
13901:Symbolism
13245:Nasserism
13240:Ba'athism
12984:Dhawu Awn
12943:1873-9830
12757:2 January
12645:28 August
12619:28 August
12579:جفرا نيوز
12378:28 August
11894:288060869
11715:164473838
11520:164473838
11450:164473838
11344:157012525
11170:157910303
11098:141665294
10919:2405-8440
10236:Ultrasawt
9967:Arab News
9197:163938263
9152:31 August
9129:263294453
9008:217194653
8953:6 October
8890:28 August
8860:28 August
8820:980845341
8749:7 October
8498:cite book
8472:164473838
8425:468351969
8336:1741-8992
8256:957243120
8093:7 October
7957:163677445
7682:Citations
7417:Faisal II
5853:Barakat I
5594:Rumaythah
3835:Abu Talib
3501:(Belgium)
3132:Jerusalem
3115:Jerusalem
3036:Armenians
2807:The Times
2794:Mehmed VI
2786:Mehmed VI
2781:The Times
2693:Caliphate
2610:Palestine
2519:Armenians
2348:Bulgarian
1938:religious
1924:from the
1914:caliphate
1777:Palestine
1684:al-Idrisi
1422:In 1827,
1343:Biography
1266:Palestine
1230:Armenians
1183:Mehmed VI
1099:romanized
981:terrorism
933:Criticism
886:Sexuality
856:Mysticism
826:Festivals
806:Education
801:Economics
737:Academics
693:Caliphate
506:Practices
237:Jerusalem
177:Successor
142:Successor
107:Successor
14116:Hasanids
14043:Category
13985:Islamism
13694:Al-Fatat
13461:Concepts
13228:Ideology
13036:only as
12933:(eds.).
12901:ProQuest
12841:(1994).
12751:Archived
12698:archived
12670:Archived
12613:Archived
12583:Archived
12553:Archived
12523:Archived
12493:Archived
12463:Archived
12432:Archived
12402:Archived
12398:aqaba.jo
12372:Archived
12342:Archived
12312:Archived
12274:archived
12245:Archived
12215:Archived
12185:Archived
12155:Archived
12124:Archived
12069:Archived
12038:Archived
12005:12 April
11999:Archived
11979:12 April
11973:Archived
11947:Archived
11916:Archived
11890:ProQuest
11870:(1975).
11855:Kay 2020
11834:Archived
11801:Archived
11741:Archived
11678:Archived
11636:Archived
11597:Archived
11576:Archived
11543:Archived
11407:Archived
11378:Archived
11301:Archived
11262:Archived
11226:Archived
11193:Archived
11124:Archived
10963:Archived
10937:37928029
10928:10623165
10857:Archived
10818:59499422
10770:Archived
10745:48505233
10707:Archived
10676:Archived
10649:Archived
10596:Archived
10561:Archived
10530:Archived
10495:Archived
10465:Archived
10435:Archived
10405:Archived
10381:Archived
10353:Archived
10304:Archived
10274:Archived
10240:Archived
10207:Archived
10177:Archived
9998:Archived
9994:حبر أبيض
9881:Archived
9795:Archived
9761:Archived
9730:Archived
9692:Archived
9659:Archived
9617:Archived
9586:Archived
9555:44206763
9516:Archived
9477:Archived
9459:44954757
9425: :
9226:25 April
9220:Archived
9189:26986023
9096:23732543
9061:24 April
9055:Archived
8914:Archived
8884:Archived
8743:Archived
8739:areq.net
8664:Kay 2020
8638:Archived
8606:Kay 2020
8520:Kay 2020
8429:Archived
8340:Archived
8125:Archived
8087:Archived
7978:Archived
7911:Archived
7816:35692500
7756:Archived
7730:New York
7630:See also
7098:Faisal I
6746:Muhammad
6441:Abdullah
6281:Abdullah
5939:Muhammad
4806:Suleiman
4656:Abdullah
4581:Muhammad
4431:Abdullah
4279:Abdullah
3950:Muhammad
3853:Abdallah
3566:Ancestry
3513:(France)
3453:Al-Araby
3419:Lebanese
3347:al-Qibla
3127:Ibn Saud
3080:Abdallah
2962:Abdullah
2930:Abdullah
2928:, while
2885:and the
2841:colonies
2659:Zionists
2549:Damascus
2491:Armenian
2285:Bedouins
2247:Abdullah
2221:Abdullah
2183:Damascus
2041:Abdullah
1995:Abdullah
1976:pan-Arab
1965:Damascus
1961:Al-Fatat
1870:began a
1817:Bedouins
1645:Wahhabis
1521:Bedouins
1467:doctrine
1381:Muhammad
1312:and the
1298:Ibn Saud
1290:invasion
1286:Ibn Saud
1274:Abdullah
1254:mandates
1179:Wahhabis
1177:and the
1175:Zionists
1027:Glossary
1003:Jihadism
976:Violence
971:Islamism
942:Muhammad
928:Apostasy
871:Politics
821:Feminism
816:Exorcism
777:Diaspora
762:Children
757:Calendar
685:Rashidun
663:Muhammad
658:Timeline
619:Mathnawi
481:Prophets
425:a series
423:Part of
387:Service/
358:Religion
13689:Al-Awda
13264:History
13117:Himself
13061:Himself
12963:of the
12959:in the
12832:Sources
12338:HyeTert
12075:26 June
12065:الديوان
11953:26 June
11943:الديوان
11922:26 June
11807:21 June
11413:14 June
11384:14 June
10897:Bibcode
10889:Heliyon
10853:Gallica
10501:14 June
10471:14 June
10300:Gallica
9887:14 June
9736:14 June
9267:4282523
8435:14 June
8346:14 June
7856:4283920
7603:Hussein
7394:Hussein
6912:Hussein
6366:Hussein
5108:Muta'in
4881:Hussein
4064:Fatimah
3489:(Egypt)
3457:YouTube
3162:
2999:on the
2981:Nicosia
2864:Muslims
2730:Baghdad
2721:Reuters
2675:Zionist
2621:British
2573:mandate
2565:Ottoman
2456:in the
2446:British
2344:Balkans
2342:in the
2210:In the
2177:of the
2120:British
2087:in the
1991:British
1985:During
1951:in the
1918:Quraysh
1891:Bedouin
1723:or the
1649:madhhab
1641:Malikis
1633:Shafi'i
1597:Shariah
1555:As Emir
1455:Bedouin
1325:British
1302:Wahhabi
1167:British
1161:by the
1159:invaded
1101::
898:Slavery
881:Science
836:Madrasa
831:Finance
742:Animals
730:society
726:Culture
698:Imamate
678:Sahabah
651:History
621:(Poems)
606:(creed)
530:Fasting
458:Oneness
451:Beliefs
331:Dynasty
13183:Vacant
13034:Allies
13000:
12941:
12903:
12895:
12872:
12853:
12785:
12743:
12704:17 May
12676:17 May
12438:17 May
12408:17 May
12304:
12098:
12030:
11892:
11882:
11840:5 June
11793:
11769:
11747:17 May
11713:
11669:
11628:
11567:
11518:
11448:
11370:
11342:
11293:
11199:16 May
11168:
11130:17 May
11096:
11059:
11035:
11025:
10997:
10935:
10925:
10917:
10816:
10743:
10713:16 May
10628:
10246:12 May
10147:
10124:4 June
10063:
9945:
9873:
9651:
9592:5 June
9578:
9553:
9508:
9483:16 May
9457:
9447:
9383:
9353:
9328:
9298:
9288:
9265:
9195:
9187:
9127:
9117:
9094:
9084:
9029:
9006:
8818:
8808:
8787:206913
8785:
8775:
8684:
8644:5 June
8630:
8562:
8470:
8423:
8413:
8334:
8295:590512
8293:
8283:
8254:
8244:
8183:
8173:
8131:16 May
8007:
7955:
7887:
7877:
7854:
7814:
7804:
7748:
7726:Oxford
6516:Muhsin
6196:Hassan
5767:Hassan
5420:Hassan
5259:Qatada
3649:Hashim
3469:Jordan
3432:Others
3422:Sheikh
3354:Legacy
3248:, and
3151:Arabic
2985:Cyprus
2918:Faisal
2903:Ikhwan
2821:French
2752:Mahmal
2742:Turkey
2654:Curzon
2545:Druzes
2442:French
2416:, 1921
2277:Allies
2268:majlis
2243:Faisal
2236:Faisal
2105:Kuwait
2097:Persia
2033:Faisal
2023:, 1916
1957:Faisal
1860:Medina
1825:Arabic
1787:, and
1783:, the
1767:, the
1757:Kuwait
1749:Jordan
1637:Hanafi
1601:Sunnah
1533:malhun
1493:Mahmal
1321:Cyprus
1306:Ikhwan
1270:Faisal
1264:, and
1171:French
1163:Saudis
1090:Arabic
952:Hadith
866:Poetry
846:Mosque
811:Ethics
636:Sharia
604:Aqidah
596:Tafsir
580:Hadith
574:Sunnah
518:Prayer
469:Angels
389:branch
350:Mother
342:Father
257:Madiha
248:Spouse
231:, the
224:Burial
153:Caliph
13789:Fatah
13002:Died:
12995:Born:
11814:War).
11711:S2CID
11516:S2CID
11446:S2CID
11340:S2CID
11166:S2CID
11094:S2CID
10814:S2CID
10812:(2).
10741:JSTOR
10329:[
10118:(PDF)
10111:(PDF)
9551:JSTOR
9263:JSTOR
9193:S2CID
9185:JSTOR
9004:S2CID
8468:S2CID
7953:S2CID
7852:JSTOR
7662:Notes
7283:Ra'ad
7265:Ghazi
7242:Talal
5681:Ajlan
5183:Idris
4115:Hasan
3446:Amman
3442:Ma'an
3438:Aqaba
3369:Aqaba
3331:Works
3119:Mecca
3005:Quran
3001:Quran
2970:Aqaba
2954:Amman
2940:Exile
2857:Sunni
2853:Mecca
2813:Vatan
2775:Vatan
2756:Mecca
2726:Amman
2671:Amman
2663:Syria
2422:Hejaz
2414:Aqaba
2406:Amman
2253:laid
2225:Ta'if
2216:Kaaba
2204:Mecca
2167:Mecca
2128:abuse
2093:Egypt
2076:with
2029:Ta'if
1944:one.
1883:Turks
1876:Arabs
1856:Mecca
1852:Hejaz
1848:Turks
1837:Arabs
1789:Libya
1773:Yemen
1765:Syria
1761:Sudan
1745:Egypt
1733:Islam
1661:'Asir
1629:hafiz
1584:Mecca
1545:Pasha
1529:fauna
1525:flora
1513:Hejaz
1497:Hejaz
1479:Quran
1443:Mecca
1439:Mecca
1408:Mecca
1329:Amman
1258:Syria
1222:Islam
998:Jihad
947:Quran
908:Women
851:Music
789:Sunni
638:(law)
586:Sirah
567:Quran
551:Texts
433:Islam
319:House
274:Issue
214:Amman
159:Reign
124:Reign
89:Reign
12997:1854
12939:ISSN
12893:OCLC
12870:ISBN
12851:ISBN
12822:2018
12796:2018
12783:ISBN
12759:2024
12741:ISBN
12706:2023
12678:2023
12647:2024
12621:2024
12591:2023
12561:2023
12531:2023
12501:2023
12471:2023
12440:2023
12410:2023
12380:2024
12350:2023
12320:2023
12302:ISBN
12282:2023
12253:2023
12223:2023
12193:2023
12163:2023
12132:2023
12096:ISBN
12077:2023
12046:2018
12028:ISBN
12007:2020
11981:2020
11955:2023
11924:2023
11880:ISBN
11842:2021
11809:2022
11791:ISBN
11767:ISBN
11749:2023
11667:ISBN
11644:2020
11626:ISBN
11605:2023
11565:ISBN
11551:2023
11415:2024
11386:2024
11368:ISBN
11309:2023
11291:ISBN
11270:2023
11234:2023
11201:2023
11132:2023
11057:ISBN
11033:OCLC
11023:ISBN
10995:ISBN
10971:2023
10933:PMID
10915:ISSN
10865:2023
10778:2023
10715:2023
10684:2023
10626:ISBN
10604:2023
10569:2023
10538:2023
10503:2024
10473:2024
10443:2023
10413:2023
10361:2022
10312:2023
10282:2023
10248:2024
10215:2023
10185:2023
10145:ISBN
10126:2019
10093:2023
10061:ISBN
10006:2023
9975:2023
9943:ISBN
9889:2024
9871:ISBN
9803:2023
9769:2023
9738:2024
9700:2023
9688:Aeon
9667:2023
9649:ISBN
9625:2023
9594:2019
9576:ISBN
9524:2023
9506:ISBN
9485:2023
9455:OCLC
9445:ISBN
9381:ISBN
9351:ISBN
9326:ISBN
9296:OCLC
9286:ISBN
9228:2023
9154:2024
9125:OCLC
9115:ISBN
9092:OCLC
9082:ISBN
9063:2023
9027:ISBN
8955:2022
8922:2023
8892:2024
8862:2024
8816:OCLC
8806:ISBN
8783:OCLC
8773:ISBN
8751:2022
8692:p. 6
8682:ISBN
8646:2019
8628:ISBN
8560:ISBN
8504:link
8437:2024
8421:OCLC
8411:ISBN
8401:and
8378:2022
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