31:
1655:
75:
50:
207:
840:. However, the species is still facing some wide-ranged threats. These threats include habitat degradation, harvesting for food, and an increase in human disturbances at nesting sites. Additionally, due to its skin's high rate of gas exchange, it is very susceptible to polluted waters. As a result of all of these factors, the smooth softshell turtle has been listed as a species of special concern in Minnesota and Wisconsin.
221:
711:
However, they are also found in standing or still bodies of water, like lakes, vernal pools, swamps and marshes. They may also be seen in some canals, reservoirs, or man-made ponds. They prefer water with fine sand or silty, mud bottoms, without heavy boulders, gravel or dense aquatic vegetation. Sandbanks must also be present, as the turtles can be seen sunning themselves for warmth.
777:), as the differences between the two species are subtle. The spiny softshell turtle has a rough carapace with spines along the front edge while, as the name implies, the smooth softshell turtle lacks such spines. Additionally, the white chin and throat of the smooth softshell are unmarked, compared to the splotchy chin and throat of the spiny softshell.
828:
of time. When basking, it is wary of its surroundings, and if any threat presents itself, it is quick to abandon its basking site to seek safety. Its agility on land and water makes it a difficult prey item for predators such as raccoons, humans, alligators and snapping turtles. It seeks shelter from these threats by diving and concealing itself in mud.
802:
aggression may be displayed. However, if the other party is a receptive female, she remains passive to the advancements of the males. Copulation usually occurs in deep pools as the male mounts the female. The nesting period is usually from May to July as females only lay eggs once a year. During this period, adult females of
824:
deep enough so that its snout barely reaches the surface. Additionally, the skin covering the shell allows for a high rate of gas exchange. This enables the turtle to stay submerged for a long period of time. In this position, it often waits for prey to pass and utilizes its long neck to capture the prey.
827:
The smooth softshell turtle hibernates in the months of
October to March. It hibernates by burying itself in substrate underwater. After emerging from hibernation, it is often found on land basking in the sun. Given that its shell is a soft shell, it is unable to stay in the sun for extended periods
814:
Female turtles offer prenatal care for their offspring. They produce high levels of non-polar lipids that provide energy for their growing embryos. This energy is more than enough to keep the embryos alive. The high concentration of lipids also offer an advantage at birth as it acts as a food source
810:
not more than 100 m (330 ft) from water in sandy areas. Eggs generally hatch 8 to 12 weeks later with the highest frequency of hatching being between August and
September. Hatchlings average a weight of 5.4 g (0.19 oz) and have a carapace length of 4 cm (1.6 in). Male
823:
The smooth softshell turtle is the most aquatic of the softshell turtles as it is often referred to as a "swimmer". It is able to stay underwater for extended periods of time due to its long neck and tubular snout. It often buries itself in the sand substrate at the bottom of a river or pool just
801:
Breeding of the smooth softshell turtle occurs from April to June. The mating system utilized by these turtles is polygyny, meaning that males will mate with more than one female. Males actively seek out females by approaching other adults. If the other party is male or a non-receptive female,
760:
as females are larger than males. A female has a carapace length of 16.5–35.6 cm (6.5–14.0 in) compared to a carapace length of 11.4–17.8 cm (4.5–7.0 in) for males. Additionally, the female smooth softshell turtle is usually brown or olive-colored with irregular dark brown
710:
are typically found in medium to large, unpolluted fresh waterways, with moderate to fast currents; even in rivers with fast flow, they will swim directly to the sandy bottom and bury themselves, leaving only their nose or eyes exposed as they wait to ambush quickly-passing fish or amphibians.
747:
is light white or gray, with no notable markings (other than occasional spotting), and its internal anatomy (bones, some organs) may be visible, as it lacks the typically hard shells of other aquatic turtles. It has a tubular snout with round nostrils, sometimes compared to a "pig" nose.
761:
blotches, while the carapace of males and juveniles is a brown or grayish color with dark dots or dashes. Sexual dimorphism is also apparent in the size of the tails and claws. Males have thicker tails than females, but females have longer hind claws than males.
815:
until they hatchlings become mature enough to commence feeding. This type of care is also known as parental investment in embryogenesis. However, after hatching no physical parental care is given.
723:
skull, a type of skull structure that was present among the earliest groups of prehistoric reptiles (and retained by turtles today). Primarily, an anapsid skull lacks openings behind the
4678:
1290:
2001:
1905:
2009:
1993:
2103:
861:
485:
1937:
875:
330:
1953:
1757:
1969:
1945:
1773:
1749:
590:
is native to the United States, where it is distributed throughout the central and south-central states. Its natural geographic range extends from western
1781:
1741:
781:
is the only species of North
American softshell with round nostrils; all other species have ridges on the nasal septum which make the nostrils C-shaped.
1961:
1765:
1680:
4582:
1276:
793:, fish and amphibians. Although primarily carnivorous, it sometimes resorts to eating vegetation such as algae, vegetables, fruits, and nuts.
4634:
3206:
3117:
4727:
3125:
2879:
2154:
811:
smooth softshell turtles become sexually mature during their fourth year and females become sexually mature during their ninth year.
1287:
4556:
1126:
4595:
650:
4742:
1807:
1570:
1346:
1812:
1255:
4600:
4459:
Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated
Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status
2268:
turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status
1006:
2299:
1802:
1077:
4747:
4457:
2267:
1456:. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-V. (
1223:
1199:
646:
30:
1308:
Nagle, Roy D., et al. (2003). "Parental investment, embryo growth, and hatchling lipid reserves in softshell turtles (
4737:
2189:
2149:
1500:
1488:
1439:
273:
1375:
4699:
4639:
1454:
Catalogue of the
Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition
2184:
2075:
206:
4332:
3415:
2219:
2124:
735:
skull). The smooth softshell turtle, as with all softshells, has a smooth, fairly soft, flexible, leather-like
1235:
343:
220:
4309:
2144:
1239:
4468:
2991:
2375:
2080:
2040:
1857:
1427:
953:
2724:
2214:
1563:
1100:
320:
4704:
2065:
1463:
1187:
881:
247:
196:
2357:
1248:
Peterson Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition
74:
3370:
2292:
2239:
2194:
2174:
2030:
1882:
1862:
1837:
1708:
1673:
980:
853:
618:
607:
457:
4626:
4226:
2070:
2035:
1832:
1449:
622:
413:
4665:
4587:
4485:
4198:
2998:
2956:
2596:
2179:
2060:
1718:
770:
634:
1022:
4660:
2942:
2444:
1556:
1183:
837:
453:
179:
4652:
4613:
898:
in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than
4543:
4517:
4184:
2850:
2474:
1913:
1160:
1086:
1392:
Williams, Thomas A.; Christiansen, James L. (1981). "The Niches of Two
Sympatric Turtles,
8:
4169:
2528:
2285:
2254:
260:
39:
4522:
3576:
3541:
3408:
3147:
2246:
2051:
1510:
1056:
233:
69:
1151:
957:
281:
4647:
4530:
4119:
3102:
3054:
3045:
2928:
2505:
1531:(1959). "Description of a New Softshell Turtle From the Southeastern United States".
1496:
1484:
1435:
1251:
1243:
1219:
1195:
1048:
1018:
919:
603:
572:
1060:
4732:
4673:
3911:
3299:
3274:
3235:
3183:
2914:
2459:
1038:
975:
684:), found throughout the central United States, in and around the Mississippi River.
561:
557:
503:
391:
4535:
4691:
4359:
4007:
3736:
3704:
3341:
3250:
3026:
2612:
1793:
1294:
924:
724:
4508:
4254:
4244:
4141:
3991:
3831:
3533:
3478:
3220:
3155:
2695:
2686:
2655:
2563:
2452:
2366:
2115:
1528:
1514:
1468:
Note sur deux espèces de tortues, du genre
Trionyx de M. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire
1423:
867:
576:
307:
277:
4721:
4608:
4434:
4317:
4217:
4206:
4177:
4091:
3975:
3959:
3919:
3853:
3763:
3728:
3672:
3656:
3640:
3614:
3602:
3586:
3564:
3556:
3363:
3074:
2907:
2768:
2715:
2663:
1052:
966:
807:
658:
654:
294:
59:
54:
4369:
4294:
4270:
3787:
3664:
3648:
3624:
3525:
3470:
3394:
3310:
3284:
3198:
3109:
3088:
3012:
2977:
2787:
2753:
2620:
2536:
2482:
1982:
1687:
1641:
1579:
789:
The smooth softshell turtle is mostly carnivorous, eating aquatic insects,
642:
630:
591:
564:
146:
4621:
4569:
4347:
4302:
4148:
4133:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4015:
3895:
3879:
3863:
3779:
3771:
3720:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3548:
3500:
3423:
3348:
3213:
3169:
3095:
3081:
3033:
2890:
2808:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2647:
2589:
2581:
2498:
2490:
2437:
2427:
2092:
1823:
1432:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians
1043:
1026:
599:
4561:
4426:
4339:
4325:
4286:
4063:
3983:
3951:
3935:
3903:
3841:
3814:
3795:
3712:
3517:
3437:
3430:
3378:
3355:
3265:
3132:
2864:
2671:
2604:
2521:
2513:
2416:
2407:
2165:
2135:
1894:
1848:
1622:
1616:
849:
665:
595:
136:
1548:
1332:
4574:
4418:
4278:
4262:
4191:
4155:
4105:
4098:
4023:
3999:
3943:
3887:
3594:
3386:
3334:
3292:
3005:
2963:
2871:
2857:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2794:
2639:
2467:
1926:
1730:
914:
890:
732:
626:
86:
4479:
1408:
4502:
4233:
4162:
4082:
4071:
3967:
3632:
3509:
3401:
3243:
3228:
3190:
3139:
3065:
2970:
2949:
2935:
2921:
2777:
2704:
2573:
2552:
2544:
2326:
2021:
1598:
1380:
1194:. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 840 pp.
895:
836:
Currently, the smooth softshell turtle is considered a species of
790:
744:
736:
728:
568:
106:
4377:
4126:
4031:
3927:
3871:
3451:
3444:
3326:
3176:
3162:
3019:
2984:
2899:
2801:
2341:
2332:
2230:
2205:
1873:
1699:
1610:
1604:
1218:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. 237 pp.
720:
575:
system, along with other adjoining waterways that empty into the
553:
156:
116:
1250:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp.
4548:
4112:
3755:
2347:
2320:
2308:
1592:
1521:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (
126:
96:
4686:
3319:
2386:
2277:
1664:
740:
638:
1533:
University of Kansas
Publications, Museum of Natural History
769:
The smooth softshell turtle may be easily confused with the
228:
Minnesota counties inhabited by the smooth softshell turtle
2815:
1493:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification
697:), found from Louisiana east to the panhandle of Florida.
1481:, new species, pp. 263–266 + Plate 7). (in French).
756:
There is sexual dimorphism between females and males of
1192:
Turtles of the United States and Canada, Second Edition
1639:
1519:
A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles
1105:
Vertebrate Zoology Biology 242 Laboratory Instructions
1017:
1072:
1070:
1131: : Smooth Softshell | Rare Species Guide"
1005:". Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
373:— A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1107:. St. Peter, Minnesota: Gustavus Adolphus College.
1067:
743:commonly associated with most turtle species. The
739:that is covered by "skin", as opposed to the hard
4719:
1333:"Smooth Softshell Turtle - Encyclopedia of Life"
1262:, p. 231 + Plates 20, 22 + Figure 85 on p. 186).
214:States inhabited by the smooth softshell turtle
1137:
617:Smooth softshell turtles are common within the
1472:Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
981:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165596A6064798.en
952:
4456:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
2694:
2293:
2266:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on
1564:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1304:
1302:
1214:Oldfield, Barney; Moriarty, John J. (1994).
571:to the United States, where it inhabits the
1216:Amphibians and Reptiles Native to Minnesota
3499:
2426:
2365:
2300:
2286:
2155:Northern New Guinea giant softshell turtle
1571:
1557:
1327:
1325:
1168:
219:
205:
48:
29:
1299:
1275:". Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
1042:
1011:
979:
606:, where it is eventually replaced by the
1210:
1208:
1578:
1322:
4720:
1808:Burmese narrow-headed softshell turtle
1446:, pp. 484–485 + Plates 268, 269).
1027:"Checklist of Chelonians of the World"
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
831:
4484:
4483:
2374:
2281:
1813:Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle
1552:
1434:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp.
1205:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1803:Asian narrow-headed softshell turtle
905:
751:
4728:IUCN Red List least concern species
967:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
937:
719:The smooth softshell turtle has an
582:
13:
1495:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.
1417:
1110:
764:
691:Gulf Coast smooth softshell turtle
14:
4759:
2190:Northern Chinese softshell turtle
2150:New Guinea giant softshell turtle
917:with the spiny softshell turtle (
598:in the west, as far north as the
1653:
73:
4402:
3822:
2185:Lesser Chinese softshell turtle
2076:Indian peacock softshell turtle
1460:, pp. 260–262, Figure 68).
1386:
1367:
1339:
1281:
1265:
1229:
818:
796:
678:midland smooth softshell turtle
602:, and south to the westernmost
2307:
2220:Yangtze giant softshell turtle
2125:Wattle-necked softshell turtle
1094:
995:
852:are recognized, including the
714:
524:— Ernst & R. Barbour, 1989
1:
4743:Reptiles of the United States
930:
843:
567:. This freshwater species is
2145:Asian giant softshell turtle
1156:(Smooth Softshelled Turtle)"
1082:(Smooth Softshelled Turtle)"
7:
4469:List of Testudines families
2041:Sri Lankan flapshell turtle
10:
4764:
4748:Reptiles described in 1827
2215:Euphrates softshell turtle
2002:Khunnuchelys kizylkumensis
1906:Gilmoremys gettyspherensis
1651:
838:least conservation concern
701:
387:Potamochelys microcephalus
4492:
4452:
4409:
4395:
4357:
4243:
4216:
4081:
3851:
3829:
3813:
3746:
3612:
3574:
3492:
3461:
3309:
3273:
3264:
3064:
3043:
2889:
2776:
2767:
2714:
2685:
2630:
2562:
2415:
2406:
2384:
2383:
2356:
2315:
2264:
2228:
2203:
2163:
2133:
2113:
2089:
2066:Burmese peacock softshell
2049:
2019:
2010:Khunnuchelys lophorhothon
1994:Khunnuchelys erinhotensis
1979:
1923:
1891:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1791:
1727:
1697:
1662:
1638:
1631:
1587:
1477:: 257-268 + Plates 6–7. (
1383:www.reptile-database.org.
443:— Meylan & Webb, 1988
408:Potamochelys microcephala
239:
232:
227:
218:
213:
204:
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
4738:Turtles of North America
2240:African softshell turtle
2195:Spotted softshell turtle
2175:Chinese softshell turtle
2081:Leith's softshell turtle
2031:Burmese flapshell turtle
1883:Malayan softshell turtle
1863:Zambezi flapshell turtle
1858:Aubry's flapshell turtle
1838:Senegal flapshell turtle
1709:Florida softshell turtle
1674:Asiatic softshell turtle
1540:Trionyx muticus calvatus
1103:; Grinnell, Jon (2017).
854:nominotypical subspecies
806:lay clutches of 3 to 28
619:Mississippi River system
608:Florida softshell turtle
511:Trionyx muticus calvatus
24:Smooth softshell turtle
2071:Indian softshell turtle
2036:Indian flapshell turtle
1833:Nubian flapshell turtle
1714:Smooth softshell turtle
784:
672:have been identified.
544:smooth softshell turtle
421:Trionyx muticus muticus
2180:Hunan softshell turtle
2104:Palaeoamyda messeliana
2061:Black softshell turtle
1719:Spiny softshell turtle
1402:Journal of Herpetology
1293:June 16, 2010, at the
974:: e.T165596A97398190.
862:Apalone mutica calvata
771:spiny softshell turtle
529:Apalone mutica calvata
520:Apalone mutica calvata
486:Apalone mutica calvata
4661:Paleobiology Database
1938:Hutchemys arctochelys
1273:Apalone mutica mutica
876:Apalone mutica mutica
465:Apalone mutica mutica
448:Apalone mutica mutica
399:Callinia microcephala
331:Apalone mutica mutica
1954:Hutchemys tetanetron
1914:Gilmoremys lancensis
1758:Axestemys montinsana
1381:The Reptile Database
1161:Animal Diversity Web
1087:Animal Diversity Web
1044:10.3897/vz.57.e30895
633:, as well as in the
360:Aspidonectes muticus
255:Aspidonectes muticus
2255:Trionyx kansaiensis
1970:Hutchemys acupictus
1946:Hutchemys rememdium
1774:Axestemys splendida
1750:Axestemys cerevisia
1347:"Smooth Softshell (
923:) over much of its
896:trinomial authority
832:Conservation status
727:(as opposed to the
706:Both subspecies of
40:Conservation status
3577:Nanhsiungchelyidae
3542:Macrocephalochelys
2247:Trionyx ikoviensis
1542:, new subspecies).
1507:, pp. 32–33).
1398:Trionyx spiniferus
1312:) from Arkansas."
1031:Vertebrate Zoology
659:Conecuh (Escambia)
556:of North American
4715:
4714:
4648:Open Tree of Life
4486:Taxon identifiers
4477:
4476:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4386:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3488:
3487:
3260:
3259:
2763:
2762:
2681:
2680:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2275:
2274:
1782:Axestemys vittata
1742:Axestemys byssina
1649:
1648:
1256:978-0-544-12997-9
920:Apalone spinifera
906:Sympatric species
775:Apalone spinifera
752:Sexual dimorphism
695:A. mutica calvata
604:Florida Panhandle
573:Mississippi River
540:
539:
63:
16:Species of turtle
4755:
4708:
4707:
4695:
4694:
4682:
4681:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4591:
4590:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4564:
4552:
4551:
4539:
4538:
4526:
4525:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4481:
4480:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4399:
3912:Chupacabrachelys
3827:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3497:
3496:
3275:Carettochelyidae
3271:
3270:
2774:
2773:
2692:
2691:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2363:
2362:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2279:
2278:
1962:Hutchemys sterea
1766:Axestemys quinni
1657:
1656:
1636:
1635:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1411:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1320:
1306:
1297:
1285:
1279:
1269:
1263:
1233:
1227:
1212:
1203:
1181:
1166:
1165:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1108:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1046:
1015:
1009:
999:
993:
992:
990:
988:
983:
950:
885:
871:
661:river systems.
583:Geographic range
558:softshell turtle
534:
525:
516:
504:nomen suppressum
499:
498:Rafinesque, 1822
479:
470:
461:
444:
435:
426:
417:
404:
395:
383:
374:
369:Gymnopus muticus
365:
356:
347:
324:
311:
298:
285:
268:Gymnopus muticus
264:
251:
223:
209:
191:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
20:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4703:
4698:
4690:
4685:
4677:
4672:
4664:
4659:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4547:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4521:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4488:
4478:
4473:
4440:
4383:
4360:Sahonachelyidae
4353:
4239:
4212:
4077:
4008:Phosphatochelys
3847:
3801:
3742:
3737:Terlinguachelys
3705:Pneumatoarthrus
3608:
3570:
3484:
3457:
3305:
3256:
3060:
3039:
3027:Siebenrockiella
2885:
2759:
2710:
2677:
2626:
2613:Mesodermochelys
2558:
2419:
2390:
2352:
2311:
2306:
2276:
2271:
2260:
2224:
2199:
2159:
2129:
2109:
2085:
2045:
2015:
1975:
1919:
1887:
1867:
1842:
1817:
1787:
1723:
1693:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1640:Species of the
1627:
1583:
1577:
1546:
1538:(9): 517–525. (
1525:, p. 124).
1505:Trionyx muticus
1479:Trionyx muticus
1458:Trionyx muticus
1444:Trionyx muticus
1420:
1418:Further reading
1415:
1414:
1394:Trionyx muticus
1391:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1307:
1300:
1295:Wayback Machine
1286:
1282:
1270:
1266:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1206:
1182:
1169:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1111:
1099:
1095:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1016:
1012:
1000:
996:
986:
984:
951:
938:
933:
908:
879:
865:
846:
834:
821:
799:
787:
767:
765:Similar species
754:
717:
704:
594:in the east to
585:
532:
531:
523:
522:
514:
513:
500:
497:
496:
494:Trionyx pusilla
478:— Richard, 1999
477:
476:
474:Trionix muticus
468:
467:
451:
450:
442:
441:
439:Apalone muticus
433:
432:
424:
423:
411:
410:
402:
401:
390:
389:
382:— Agassiz, 1857
381:
380:
372:
371:
363:
362:
354:
353:
351:Trionyx muticus
342:
341:
339:Trionyx pusilla
318:
317:
305:
304:
302:Trionyx muticus
292:
291:
271:
270:
258:
257:
246:
245:
243:Trionyx muticus
200:
193:
187:
174:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4761:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4696:
4683:
4670:
4657:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4605:
4592:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4540:
4527:
4523:Apalone_mutica
4514:
4498:
4496:
4494:Apalone mutica
4490:
4489:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4464:
4463:
4462:. † = extinct.
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4413:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4373:
4364:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4255:Albertwoodemys
4249:
4247:
4245:Podocnemididae
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4142:Lomalatachelys
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3992:Labrostochelys
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3858:
3856:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3836:
3834:
3832:Araripemydidae
3824:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3534:Emarginachelys
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3503:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3479:Sinaspideretes
3474:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3156:Hesperotestudo
3151:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3050:
3048:
3046:Platysternidae
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2698:
2696:Dermatemydidae
2689:
2687:Kinosternoidea
2683:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2656:Procolpochelys
2651:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2608:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2568:
2566:
2564:Dermochelyidae
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2471:
2463:
2456:
2453:Carolinochelys
2448:
2441:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1900:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1681:Amyda gregaria
1676:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1526:
1508:
1482:
1461:
1447:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:(3): 303-308.
1385:
1376:Apalone mutica
1366:
1349:Apalone mutica
1338:
1321:
1310:Apalone mutica
1298:
1280:
1264:
1260:Apolone mutica
1228:
1224:978-0816623846
1204:
1200:978-0801891212
1167:
1154:Apalone mutica
1136:
1129:Apalone mutica
1109:
1093:
1080:Apalone mutica
1066:
1010:
1003:Apalone mutica
994:
960:Apalone mutica
954:van Dijk, P.P.
935:
934:
932:
929:
911:Apalone mutica
907:
904:
887:
886:
872:
845:
842:
833:
830:
820:
817:
798:
795:
786:
783:
766:
763:
753:
750:
716:
713:
703:
700:
699:
698:
686:
685:
670:Apalone mutica
635:Colorado River
584:
581:
577:Gulf of Mexico
549:Apalone mutica
538:
537:
536:
535:
533:— Stubbs, 1989
526:
517:
508:
490:
489:
481:
480:
471:
469:— Stubbs, 1989
462:
445:
436:
434:— Meylan, 1987
430:Apalone mutica
427:
418:
405:
396:
384:
375:
366:
364:— Wagler, 1830
357:
348:
335:
334:
326:
325:
315:Apolone mutica
312:
299:
286:
282:A.H.A. Duméril
274:A.M.C. Duméril
265:
252:
237:
236:
230:
229:
225:
224:
216:
215:
211:
210:
202:
201:
194:
189:Apalone mutica
183:
182:
176:
175:
171:A. mutica
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4760:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4437:
4436:
4435:Tacuarembemys
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4370:Sahonachelys
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:Peltocephalus
4330:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4318:Lapparentemys
4314:
4312:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4218:Pelomedusidae
4215:
4209:
4208:
4207:Yaminuechelys
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4178:Prochelidella
4174:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4092:Acanthochelys
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3976:Kinkonychelys
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:Itapecuruemys
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3920:Eotaphrosphys
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3854:Bothremydidae
3850:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:Argillochelys
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:Santanachelys
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:Desmatochelys
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:Calcarichelys
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3641:Atlantochelys
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3615:Protostegidae
3611:
3605:
3604:
3603:Jiangxichelys
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:Anomalochelys
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3565:Protochelydra
3561:
3559:
3558:
3557:Planiplastron
3553:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3364:Drazinderetes
3360:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3300:Carettochelys
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:Malacochersus
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:Aldabrachelys
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2957:Leucocephalon
2954:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2908:Banhxeochelys
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2769:Testudinoidea
2766:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2716:Kinosternidae
2713:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:Protosphargis
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:(Sea turtles)
2418:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2270:. †=extinct.
2269:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:Superfamily:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:0-307-13666-3
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:0-394-50824-6
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1319:(2): 145-154.
1318:
1315:
1314:Herpetologica
1311:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1004:
998:
982:
977:
973:
969:
968:
963:
961:
955:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
936:
928:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
903:
901:
897:
893:
892:
883:
878:
877:
873:
869:
864:
863:
859:
858:
857:
855:
851:
841:
839:
829:
825:
816:
812:
809:
805:
794:
792:
782:
780:
776:
772:
762:
759:
749:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
712:
709:
696:
692:
688:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
673:
671:
667:
664:Two regional
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
612:Apalone ferox
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
530:
527:
521:
518:
512:
509:
506:
505:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
483:
482:
475:
472:
466:
463:
459:
455:
449:
446:
440:
437:
431:
428:
422:
419:
415:
409:
406:
400:
397:
393:
388:
385:
379:
376:
370:
367:
361:
358:
355:Lesueur, 1827
352:
349:
345:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
328:
327:
322:
316:
313:
309:
303:
300:
296:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
269:
266:
262:
256:
253:
249:
244:
241:
240:
238:
235:
231:
226:
222:
217:
212:
208:
203:
198:
192:
190:
184:
181:
180:Binomial name
177:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4493:
4458:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4376:
4368:
4346:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4316:
4310:Erymnochelys
4308:
4301:
4295:Cerrejonemys
4293:
4285:
4277:
4271:Brontochelys
4269:
4261:
4253:
4232:
4225:
4205:
4197:
4190:
4185:Pseudemydura
4183:
4176:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3840:
3794:
3788:Prionochelys
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3665:Cratochelone
3663:
3655:
3649:Bouliachelys
3647:
3639:
3631:
3625:Alienochelys
3623:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3563:
3555:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3526:Chelydropsis
3524:
3516:
3508:
3477:
3471:Basilochelys
3469:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3395:Khunnuchelys
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3362:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3318:
3311:Trionychidae
3298:
3291:
3285:Allaeochelys
3283:
3249:
3242:
3236:Stigmochelys
3234:
3227:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3199:Megalochelys
3197:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3110:Cylindraspis
3108:
3101:
3094:
3089:Centrochelys
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:Testudinidae
3055:Platysternon
3053:
3034:Vijayachelys
3032:
3025:
3018:
3013:Rhinoclemmys
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2978:Melanochelys
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2878:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2788:Acherontemys
2786:
2754:Sternotherus
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2723:
2703:
2670:
2662:
2654:
2646:
2638:
2621:Psephophorus
2619:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2551:
2543:
2537:Pacifichelys
2535:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2506:Lepidochelys
2504:
2497:
2489:
2483:Gigantatypus
2481:
2475:Eretmochelys
2473:
2466:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2417:Chelonioidea
2385:
2337:
2253:
2245:
2229:
2204:
2164:
2134:
2114:
2102:
2091:
2050:
2020:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1983:Khunnuchelys
1981:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1925:
1912:
1904:
1893:
1872:
1847:
1822:
1792:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1729:
1713:
1698:
1688:Amyda ornata
1686:
1679:
1663:
1642:Trionychidae
1580:Trionychidae
1545:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1523:Amyda mutica
1522:
1518:
1504:
1492:
1489:Brodie ED Jr
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1450:Boulenger GA
1443:
1431:
1404:
1401:
1400:, in Iowa".
1397:
1393:
1388:
1374:
1369:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1348:
1341:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1283:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1247:
1231:
1215:
1191:
1159:
1153:
1128:
1104:
1101:Downs, Floyd
1096:
1085:
1079:
1034:
1030:
1023:Havaš, Peter
1013:
1002:
997:
985:. Retrieved
971:
965:
959:
918:
910:
909:
899:
889:
888:
874:
860:
847:
835:
826:
822:
819:Life history
813:
803:
800:
797:Reproduction
788:
778:
774:
768:
757:
755:
718:
707:
705:
694:
690:
682:A. m. mutica
681:
677:
669:
663:
631:North Dakota
616:
611:
592:Pennsylvania
587:
586:
565:Trionychidae
548:
547:
543:
541:
528:
519:
510:
502:
493:
484:
473:
464:
447:
438:
429:
425:— Webb, 1959
420:
407:
403:— Gray, 1869
398:
386:
378:Amyda mutica
377:
368:
359:
350:
338:
329:
314:
301:
289:Amyda mutica
288:
267:
254:
242:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
147:Trionychidae
18:
4622:NatureServe
4570:iNaturalist
4348:Stupendemys
4303:Cordichelys
4149:Mesoclemmys
4134:Hydromedusa
4056:Taphrosphys
4048:Sankuchemys
4040:Rhothonemys
4016:Polysternon
3896:Cearachelys
3880:Azabbaremys
3864:Araiochelys
3780:Ctenochelys
3772:Bashuchelys
3721:Rhinochelys
3697:Ocepechelon
3689:Notochelone
3681:Iserosaurus
3549:Macrochelys
3501:Chelydridae
3424:Palaeoamyda
3349:Cyclanorbis
3214:Psammobates
3207:Oligopherus
3170:Indotestudo
3118:Cymatholcus
3096:Chelonoidis
3082:Astrochelys
2891:Geoemydidae
2809:Deirochelys
2747:Staurotypus
2740:Kinosternon
2733:Hoplochelys
2648:Peritresius
2597:Dermochelys
2590:Cosmochelys
2582:Corsochelys
2499:Itilochelys
2491:Glarichelys
2438:Allopleuron
2428:Cheloniidae
2367:Superfamily
2093:Palaeoamyda
1824:Cyclanorbis
1511:Stejneger L
1277:ohiodnr.gov
715:Description
621:, from its
4722:Categories
4427:Caririemys
4340:Podocnemis
4326:Latentemys
4287:Carbonemys
4227:Pelomedusa
4064:Ummulisani
3984:Kurmademys
3952:Inaechelys
3936:Galianemys
3904:Chedighaii
3842:Araripemys
3815:Pleurodira
3796:Toxochelys
3713:Protostega
3518:Chelydrops
3438:Pelodiscus
3431:Pelochelys
3379:Gilmoremys
3356:Cycloderma
3266:Trionychia
3133:Geochelone
3126:Floridemys
2992:Notochelys
2880:Wilburemys
2851:Malaclemys
2705:Dermatemys
2672:Puppigerus
2605:Eosphargis
2522:Miocaretta
2514:Mexichelys
2408:Cryptodira
2348:Testudines
2309:Testudines
2166:Pelodiscus
2136:Pelochelys
1895:Gilmoremys
1849:Cycloderma
1623:Trionychia
1617:Testudines
1609:Subclass:
1464:Lesueur CA
1360:2017-10-05
1355:dnr.wi.gov
1288:DNr.wi.gov
1244:Collins JT
1037:(2): 306.
1019:Fritz, Uwe
987:15 January
931:References
850:subspecies
844:Subspecies
666:subspecies
596:New Mexico
515:Webb, 1959
458:R. Barbour
344:Rafinesque
137:Cryptodira
133:Suborder:
127:Testudines
4467:See also
4419:Caribemys
4279:Caninemys
4263:Bauruemys
4192:Rheodytes
4156:Myuchelys
4099:Chelodina
4024:Puentemys
4000:Nigeremys
3944:Ilatardia
3888:Bothremys
3595:Basilemys
3409:Nilssonia
3387:Hutchemys
3335:Axestemys
3293:Anosteira
3148:Hadrianus
3006:Pangshura
2964:Malayemys
2929:Geoclemys
2872:Trachemys
2865:Terrapene
2858:Pseudemys
2844:Graptemys
2837:Glyptemys
2830:Emydoidea
2823:Actinemys
2795:Chrysemys
2640:Euclastes
2468:Eochelone
2319:Kingdom:
2052:Nilssonia
1927:Hutchemys
1731:Axestemys
1591:Kingdom:
1515:Barbour T
1466:(1827). "
1424:Behler JL
1409:JSTOR.org
1053:1864-5755
956:(2016) .
915:sympatric
891:Nota bene
804:A. mutica
779:A. mutica
758:A. mutica
733:therapsid
708:A. mutica
627:Louisiana
588:A. mutica
414:Boulenger
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
4687:Species+
4627:2.101417
4588:10363446
4509:Q2415095
4503:Wikidata
4234:Pelusios
4199:Rhinemys
4170:Platemys
4163:Phrynops
4083:Chelidae
4072:Zolhafah
3968:Jainemys
3633:Archelon
3510:Chelydra
3402:Lissemys
3244:Stylemys
3229:Solitudo
3191:Manouria
3140:Gopherus
3103:Chersina
2971:Mauremys
2950:Heosemys
2943:Hardella
2936:Geoemyda
2922:Cyclemys
2778:Emydidae
2725:Claudius
2574:Arabemys
2553:Tasbacka
2545:Syllomus
2460:Chelonia
2358:Suborder
2342:Diapsida
2333:Reptilia
2327:Chordata
2325:Phylum:
2321:Animalia
2022:Lissemys
1611:Anapsida
1605:Reptilia
1599:Chordata
1597:Phylum:
1593:Animalia
1517:(1917).
1491:(1982).
1485:Smith HM
1452:(1889).
1430:(1979).
1373:Species
1291:Archived
1246:(2016).
1240:Conant R
1236:Powell R
1190:(2009).
1188:Lovich J
1061:87809001
1025:(2007).
1007:ITIS.gov
791:crayfish
745:plastron
737:carapace
729:synapsid
657:and the
234:Synonyms
143:Family:
117:Reptilia
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
4733:Apalone
4705:1459891
4562:2442712
4378:Sokatra
4127:Emydura
4032:Rosasia
3928:Foxemys
3872:Arenila
3452:Trionyx
3445:Rafetus
3371:Dogania
3327:Apalone
3251:Testudo
3177:Kinixys
3163:Homopus
3020:Sacalia
2999:Orlitia
2985:Morenia
2900:Batagur
2802:Clemmys
2529:Natator
2445:Caretta
2346:Order:
2331:Class:
2231:Trionyx
2206:Rafetus
1874:Dogania
1700:Apalone
1615:Order:
1603:Class:
1529:Webb RG
1428:King FW
1184:Ernst C
900:Apalone
884:, 1827)
882:Lesueur
870:, 1959)
721:anapsid
702:Habitat
655:Alabama
641:), the
600:Dakotas
569:endemic
560:in the
554:species
552:) is a
295:Agassiz
248:Lesueur
199:, 1827)
197:Lesueur
158:Apalone
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
4679:mutica
4666:121524
4653:598956
4640:101490
4614:165596
4601:208677
4549:795755
4410:
4403:
4396:
4120:Elusor
4113:Elseya
4106:Chelus
3823:
3756:Adocus
3747:
3493:
3462:
3342:Chitra
3044:
2631:
2376:Family
1794:Chitra
1644:family
1632:Genera
1582:family
1499:
1438:
1254:
1222:
1198:
1059:
1051:
741:scutes
725:orbits
647:Sabine
643:Brazos
629:up to
562:family
460:, 1989
456:&
416:, 1889
394:, 1864
346:, 1822
323:, 1987
321:Meylan
310:, 1959
297:, 1857
284:, 1854
278:Bibron
263:, 1830
261:Wagler
250:, 1827
4700:WoRMS
4692:67915
4583:IRMNG
4575:39563
3416:Palea
3320:Amyda
3221:Pyxis
2915:Cuora
2387:Genus
2338:Clade
2116:Palea
1665:Amyda
1057:S2CID
925:range
651:Pearl
639:Texas
623:delta
454:Ernst
280:&
4635:NCBI
4609:IUCN
4596:ITIS
4557:GBIF
4536:F6QQ
2816:Emys
1497:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1396:and
1252:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1049:ISSN
989:2020
972:2011
894:: A
868:Webb
848:Two
808:eggs
785:Diet
689:The
676:The
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542:The
392:Gray
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