1540:
223:
211:
191:
177:
33:
427:
583:(having assumed leadership of Gadet's SSUM/A) and followed by Changson of the FDP-SSAF. However, the other six member parties promptly rejected Chagor and appointed Josephine Lagu of the PDM-P as interim leader. Lagu's position was confirmed in an election in September, which was boycotted by Changson's FDP/SSAF and Chagor's SSUM/A.
490:, and signed an agreement on January 14, 2020. Despite this, fighting continued, and in October of that year SSOMA split into the SSNDA on one side and the R-SPLM and SSUF on the other during continued peace talks with the government; both groups continued to use the SSOMA name. By July 2022 they had reconciled and adopted the name
575:
Later that month, the spokesman for Akol's NDM (part of the faction led by Gadet until his death) joined many opposition leaders in calling for an extension of the "pre-transitional" period of the R-ARCSS, saying key parts of the agreement (such as the unification of the army and the finalizing of
349:
In its foundational statement, the SSOA promised to "accelerate efforts to restore just and durable peace, democracy and to preserve human rights and the fundamental democratic rights of our people." The group condemned the "ethnic chauvinism, despotic oppression, and institutionalized corruption"
481:
The SSNDA, led by Cirilo and dominated by his NAS, was reported to be the largest rebel group outside of Machar's SPLM-IO in early 2019. On August 30, it merged with the Real Sudan People's
Liberation Movement (formed by Amum after he quit the SPLM-FD) and Malong's SSUF/A to form the
511:. Lam Akol of the NDM sided with Gadet and later accused the South Sudanese government of provoking a split to weaken the remaining opposition. Another member of the NDM accused Changson of buying support from the other party leaders with money sent from the
502:
On
November 30, 2018, the SSOA held leadership elections. Peter Gadet of the SSUM/A won. Incumbent leader Changson dismissed the elections, saying that Gadet was unfit to lead because he had been "indicted by the international community", referring to a 2014
571:
Gadet died on April 15, 2019. Reportedly, many of his subordinates in the SSUM had by then defected back to the Kiir government. Also by this time, the FDP/SSAF faction led by Thomas Okac had left to join a new alliance formed by Hakim Dario's PDM.
366:(IGAD) began sponsoring an attempt to revise and resurrect the failed 2015 peace deal. This was followed by the formation of several new political groups and militias hoping to claim a place at the negotiating table. From June to August 2018,
354:. It criticized previous peace agreements for focusing too much on satisfying warring factions and not enough on long-lasting conflict resolution; it also blamed the collapse of these agreements largely on the government.
386:
As negotiations were drawing to a close, parts of the SSOA expressed continued dissatisfaction with the terms. Cirilo, leader of the NAS, demanded the full introduction of federalism and accused Sudan and
391:
of being more concerned with preserving their material interests in South Sudan than achieving lasting peace. His supporters further alleged that Machar was only concerned with the interests of his own
746:
263:, but some of the member groups disagreed with the decision and split from the alliance. The pro-deal SSOA has experienced continued tension between its members, as well as with the government.
646:
1525:
378:
signing several interim agreements meant to lead up to a conclusive deal. The SPLM-FD and the SSOA also participated in these talks, but were said to be marginalized.
929:
1325:
1503:
1563:
400:
260:
195:
1665:
1229:
1111:
1655:
1518:
1207:
259:, by nine groups. In September the alliance acceded to a revised peace deal with the government that also included the main rebel faction, the
579:
In July, the two SSOA factions reconciled. Each of the eight member parties would hold the position of chairman for six months, starting with
399:
On
September 12, the Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (R-ARCSS) was signed by the government, Riek Machar's
1403:
721:
799:
101:
1549:
512:
363:
338:, was also listed as a member in the SSOA's charter, but subsequent media reports suggested that it was not included in the coalition.
1660:
1511:
1377:
1534:
137:
1429:
1533:
1034:
598:
282:
1185:
515:
that was meant to be shared equally among the parties. Media reported that the dispute may revolve around who will secure the
1611:
1557:
1455:
1057:
331:
181:
1670:
1629:
1137:
826:
586:
By 2020, however, Changson and Chagor had apparently reconciled themselves with the new leadership and rejoined the SSOA.
1251:
473:. Dario's PDM expressed disagreements with the others over their vision for a future government and went its own way.
1303:
1085:
1591:
610:
301:
115:
462:
a breakaway faction of the NDM led by
Emmanuel Aban (which later renamed to the National Democratic Movement-PF)
1586:
647:"The South Sudan Opposition Alliance has elected Josephine Lagu as the group's leader for the next six months"
516:
1163:
1601:
66:
1003:
487:
803:
619:
314:
1606:
1596:
339:
245:
142:
1634:
930:"South Sudan opposition groups suspends outcome of Gen. Peter Gatdet's election as SSOA Chairman"
132:
276:
1326:"Opposition groups urged to join new alliance for 'alternative' government based on 3 regions"
32:
439:
346:, declared its intention to join the SSOA in April, but this does not seem to have occurred.
51:
625:
Federal
Democratic Party/South Sudan Armed Forces (FDP/SSAF), led by Gabriel Changson Chang
508:
426:
8:
89:
1481:
1277:
951:
903:
580:
59:
1351:
977:
877:
851:
768:
693:
343:
1624:
1062:
308:
79:
616:
South Sudan
National Movement for Change (SSNMC), led by Bangasi Joseph Bakosoro
519:
position allotted to the SSOA in the peace deal; Changson denied these rumors.
504:
486:. This group entered into negotiations with the government, facilitated by the
1029:
904:"Josephine Lagu establishes new splinter group supporting S. Sudan peace deal"
1649:
698:
286:
1230:"Changson-led SSOA denies vice-president position caused ongoing infighting"
1252:"South Sudan SSOA faction resists calls to suspend Peter Gatdet's election"
769:"Clarity on Malong's SSUF status also crucial for peace and accountability"
1208:"De facto SSOA Chairman accused of keeping away money meant for delegates"
430:
The logo of the SSNDA, which split from the SSOA in August/September 2018.
1539:
393:
375:
326:
the United
Democratic Republican Alliance (UDRA), led by Gatweth K. Thich
321:
275:
the
Federal Democratic Party/South Sudan Armed Forces (FDP/SSAF), led by
252:
241:
222:
210:
190:
176:
677:
722:"South Sudan Opposition Alliance facing Splits over Leadership Wrangle"
371:
351:
335:
248:
74:
978:"SSOA-TC changes its name to South Sudan National Democratic Alliance"
952:"South Sudan's NADAFA asks to join Sant Egidio brokered peace process"
1112:"Gen. Pagan Amum appointed spokesperson for holdout opposition group"
852:"SPLM-IO rebukes calls for Equatorians to join Bakasoro & Cirilo"
607:
People's
Democratic Movement for Peace (PDM-P), led by Josephine Lagu
1030:"Declaration of Principles United South Sudan Opposition Movements"
652:
628:
South Sudan United
Movement/Army (SSUM/A), led by Denay Jock Chagor
442:(which later renamed to the People's Democratic Movement for Peace)
292:
256:
94:
55:
1404:"South Sudan opposition alliance to hold elections amid divisions"
594:
As of April 2020, there were eight member groups within the SSOA:
1352:"South Sudan's NDM joins calls to extend pre-transitional period"
878:"South Sudan opposition holdout groups pick Swaka as new leader"
522:
The SSOA groups that supported Changson's leadership included:
388:
403:, Pagan Amum's SPLM-FD, and the SSOA faction led by Changson.
297:
the People's Democratic Movement (PDM), led by Hakim Dario Moi
567:
a breakaway faction of the SSLM/A led by Jacob Nyier Gatkuoth
367:
307:
the South Sudan National Movement for Change (SSNMC), led by
555:
a breakaway faction of the FDP/SSAF led by Thomas Peter Okac
545:
The SSOA groups that supported Gadet's leadership included:
469:
Four of these breakaway groups later renamed themselves the
1378:"South Sudan opposition alliance reunites under one leader"
1186:"NDM says "dismayed" over government role in dividing SSOA"
1008:
NADAFA - National Alliance for Democracy And Freedom Action
747:"The Charter of the South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA)"
561:
a breakaway faction of the PDM-P led by Anas Richard Zanga
1164:"EU Sanctions South Sudan Militia Leader, Army Commander"
497:
1430:"South Sudan opposition coalition elects new leadership"
564:
a breakaway faction of the SSNMC led by Thomas Ali Bilal
445:
a breakaway faction of the NAS led by Khalid Butros Bora
240:
is a coalition of political parties and armed groups in
465:
a breakaway faction of the SSNMC led by Vakindi L. Unvu
350:
plaguing the country and called for the institution of
1482:"President Kiir appoints South Sudan unity government"
1304:"South Sudan warlord Gen Peter Gadet dies in Khartoum"
827:"Jitters as South Sudan rebel Thomas Cirilo visits US"
694:"Nine South Sudanese opposition parties form alliance"
320:
the South Sudan United Movement/Army (SSUM/A), led by
688:
686:
1456:"Four opposition alliance figures seek VP position"
604:
National Democratic Movement (NDM), led by Lam Akol
683:
1647:
558:a breakaway faction of the NAS led by Henry Oyay
261:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
291:the National Democratic Movement (NDM), led by
1058:"South Sudan peace declaration signed in Rome"
576:state boundaries) have yet to be implemented.
492:Non-Signatory South Sudanese Oppositions Group
1519:
1278:"South Sudan's Peter Gatdet dies in Khartoum"
449:SSOA groups that rejected the deal included:
406:SSOA groups that accepted the deal included:
1138:"SSOMA factions reunite under one structure"
800:"Salvaging South Sudan's Fragile Peace Deal"
714:
334:-Former Detainees faction (SPLM-FD), led by
794:
792:
790:
1526:
1512:
513:Intergovernmental Authority on Development
364:Intergovernmental Authority on Development
31:
1004:"The Rome Declaration – Where is NADAFA?"
741:
739:
484:South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance
476:
1666:Factions of the South Sudanese Civil War
787:
471:South Sudan National Democratic Alliance
425:
613:(SSLM/A), led by Bapiny Montuil Wegjang
370:-sponsored talks resulted in President
304:(SSLM/A), led by Bapiny Montuil Wegjang
271:The original nine groups consisted of:
1648:
736:
498:Second split, reunion, and third split
438:a breakaway faction of the PDM led by
1656:Political parties established in 2018
1507:
1086:"SSOMA splits into two at Rome talks"
824:
678:https://africaelects.com/south-sudan/
622:(SSPM/A), led by Costello Garang Ring
589:
317:(SSPM/A), led by Costello Garang Ring
673:
671:
611:South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
302:South Sudan Liberation Movement/Army
251:. It was formed in February 2018 in
620:South Sudan Patriotic Movement/Army
315:South Sudan Patriotic Movement/Army
13:
825:Oduha, Joseph (4 September 2018).
332:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
182:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
14:
1682:
668:
507:sanction against Gadet after the
1661:Political parties in South Sudan
1538:
1535:Political parties in South Sudan
1232:. Nyamilepedia. 15 February 2019
601:(NAS), led by Khalid Butros Bora
221:
209:
189:
175:
1474:
1448:
1422:
1396:
1370:
1344:
1318:
1296:
1270:
1244:
1222:
1210:. Nyamilepedia. 18 January 2019
1200:
1188:. Nyamilepedia. 4 February 2019
1178:
1156:
1130:
1104:
1078:
1050:
1022:
996:
970:
944:
932:. Nyamilepedia. 4 December 2018
922:
896:
870:
724:. Nyamilepedia. 2 December 2018
244:that opposed the government of
238:South Sudan Opposition Alliance
156:South Sudan Opposition Alliance
24:South Sudan Opposition Alliance
844:
818:
761:
639:
381:
1:
632:
340:South Sudan United Front/Army
102:National Legislative Assembly
266:
7:
1671:Rebel groups in South Sudan
1166:. voanews.com. 11 July 2014
680:South Sudan - Africa Elects
10:
1687:
804:International Crisis Group
374:and former Vice President
357:
215:South Sudanese government
166:16 February 2018 – present
1630:List of political parties
1620:
1579:
1548:
204:
170:
160:
155:
128:
114:
100:
88:
65:
47:
39:
30:
21:
1035:National Salvation Front
599:National Salvation Front
488:Community of Sant'Egidio
283:National Salvation Front
16:Coalition in South Sudan
1635:Politics of South Sudan
749:. Gurtong. 9 April 2018
494:, with Amum as leader.
309:Bangasi Joseph Bakosoro
133:Politics of South Sudan
90:Political position
477:SSNDA and SSOMA/NSSSOG
431:
277:Gabriel Changson Chang
217:(until September 2018)
1306:. edge. 16 April 2019
429:
185:(from September 2018)
509:2014 Bentiu massacre
1436:. 14 September 2019
910:. 28 September 2018
656:. 15 September 2019
526:Changson's FDP/SSAF
410:Changson's FDP/SSAF
287:Thomas Cirilo Swaka
1462:. 18 February 2020
1410:. 5 September 2019
1332:. 13 February 2019
984:. 23 November 2018
590:Current membership
432:
162:Dates of operation
1643:
1642:
1592:Democratic Change
1258:. 6 December 2018
1144:. 24 October 2022
1092:. 18 October 2020
1066:. 15 January 2020
1010:. 19 January 2020
958:. 20 January 2020
884:. 12 October 2018
581:Denay Jock Chagor
517:vice presidential
234:
233:
151:
150:
138:Political parties
116:Council of States
60:Hussein Abdelbagi
1678:
1543:
1542:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1038:. 30 August 2019
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
831:The East African
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
796:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
743:
734:
733:
731:
729:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
690:
681:
675:
666:
665:
663:
661:
651:Radio Miraya on
643:
541:Montuil's SSLM/A
535:Bakosoro's SSNMC
422:Montuil's SSLM/A
416:Bakosoro's SSNMC
344:Paul Malong Awan
230:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
200:
194:
193:
186:
180:
179:
163:
153:
152:
123:
109:
35:
19:
18:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1625:Portal:Politics
1616:
1587:Communist Party
1575:
1544:
1537:
1532:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1488:. 13 March 2020
1480:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1358:. 28 April 2019
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1284:. 16 April 2019
1276:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1063:Catholic Herald
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
950:
949:
945:
935:
933:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
858:. 3 August 2018
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
823:
819:
809:
807:
806:. 13 March 2019
798:
797:
788:
778:
776:
767:
766:
762:
752:
750:
745:
744:
737:
727:
725:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
692:
691:
684:
676:
669:
659:
657:
645:
644:
640:
635:
592:
538:Garang's SSPM/A
500:
479:
419:Garang's SSPM/A
384:
360:
322:Peter Gadet Yak
269:
228:
220:
219:
216:
208:
198:
188:
187:
184:
174:
161:
147:
124:
121:
110:
107:
84:
80:Anti-corruption
58:
54:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1684:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1473:
1447:
1421:
1395:
1369:
1343:
1317:
1295:
1269:
1243:
1221:
1199:
1177:
1155:
1129:
1118:. 16 July 2022
1103:
1077:
1049:
1021:
995:
969:
943:
921:
895:
869:
843:
817:
786:
760:
735:
713:
702:. 1 March 2018
682:
667:
637:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
623:
617:
614:
608:
605:
602:
591:
588:
569:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:Gadet's SSUM/A
543:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
505:European Union
499:
496:
478:
475:
467:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
447:
446:
443:
440:Josephine Lagu
436:
435:Gadet's SSUM/A
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
383:
380:
359:
356:
328:
327:
324:
318:
311:
305:
298:
295:
289:
285:(NAS), led by
279:
268:
265:
232:
231:
206:
202:
201:
172:
168:
167:
164:
158:
157:
149:
148:
146:
145:
140:
135:
129:
126:
125:
120:
118:
112:
111:
106:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
83:
82:
77:
71:
69:
63:
62:
52:Josephine Lagu
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1683:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:Unrepresented
1578:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1487:
1486:Sudan Tribune
1483:
1477:
1461:
1460:Radio Tamazuj
1457:
1451:
1435:
1434:Radio Tamazuj
1431:
1425:
1409:
1408:Radio Tamazuj
1405:
1399:
1384:. 3 July 2019
1383:
1382:Radio Tamazuj
1379:
1373:
1357:
1356:Sudan Tribune
1353:
1347:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1283:
1282:Sudan Tribune
1279:
1273:
1257:
1256:Sudan Tribune
1253:
1247:
1231:
1225:
1209:
1203:
1187:
1181:
1165:
1159:
1143:
1142:Radio Tamazuj
1139:
1133:
1117:
1116:Radio Tamazuj
1113:
1107:
1091:
1090:Radio Tamazuj
1087:
1081:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1009:
1005:
999:
983:
982:Sudan Tribune
979:
973:
957:
956:Sudan Tribune
953:
947:
931:
925:
909:
908:Sudan Tribune
905:
899:
883:
882:Sudan Tribune
879:
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453:Cirilo's NAS
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40:Abbreviation
456:Dario's PDM
394:Nuer people
382:First split
376:Riek Machar
253:Addis Ababa
242:South Sudan
229:(sometimes)
199:(sometimes)
1650:Categories
1550:Parliament
1440:29 January
1414:29 January
1388:29 January
1336:29 January
1070:29 January
1042:29 January
1014:29 January
962:29 January
660:29 January
633:References
552:Akol's NDM
413:Akol's NDM
372:Salva Kiir
352:federalism
336:Pagan Amum
249:Salva Kiir
227:SPLM/A-IO
75:Federalism
342:, led by
267:Formation
246:President
205:Opponents
196:SPLM/A-IO
143:Elections
862:30 April
836:30 April
810:30 April
653:Facebook
368:Sudanese
293:Lam Akol
257:Ethiopia
122:10 / 100
108:50 / 550
95:Big tent
67:Ideology
56:Lam Akol
1564:SPLM-IO
1492:1 April
1466:1 April
1262:5 March
1236:5 March
1214:5 March
1192:5 March
1170:5 March
988:5 March
936:5 March
914:5 March
888:5 March
779:6 March
753:5 March
728:5 March
706:5 March
401:SPLM-IO
358:History
48:Leaders
389:Uganda
171:Allies
1566:(128)
1560:(332)
1362:1 May
1310:1 May
1288:1 May
1148:2 May
1122:2 May
1096:2 May
1607:SSLP
1602:SANU
1597:LPSS
1572:(50)
1570:SSOA
1558:SPLM
1494:2020
1468:2020
1442:2020
1416:2020
1390:2020
1364:2019
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1264:2019
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1150:2023
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964:2020
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