69:
391:
25:
1123:
313:
as Army Chief of
General Staff, deputized by the Deputy Chief of General Staffs for operations, training, political and moral orientation, logistics, administration and finance. But in June 2021, Machar removed General Gatwech Dual from the position and appointed him into the Presidency as an
381:
In 2018, a South
Sudanese critical writer and analyst Duop Chak Wuol questioned SPLM-IO's overall strategy, arguing that the movement's leadership pursued a political solution as part of its efforts to end the civil war without a good plan for its military wing.
314:
adviser. Gatwech however, rejected the new role and fired Machar as leader of the SPLM/A-IO and declared himself interim leader which led to fighting between Machar allies and those loyal to Gen. Gatwech formerly known as the Kit-Gwang faction throughout 2021.
373:
The party's ideology (or in some cases, the lack thereof) is essentially identical to the original SPLM, and only differs in the fact that the split between the two was mostly along ethnic lines, with the SPLM-IO representing the same
910:
438:. At his villa, the Spanish National Police Corps allege that they found documents showing he was negotiating to sell the SPLA-IO 40,000 AK-47 assault rifles, 30,000 PKM machine guns and 200,000 boxes of ammunition.
410:
and tribal militias. Those elements of the South
Sudanese military that joined the SPLA-IO have done so to protect tribal interests or felt marginalized by the government due to their previous membership in the
430:, the SPLA-IO used a "shadowy" network of arms dealers, of which little is known other than that most of the gunrunners appeared to be European. A rare exception was the Franco-Polish arms dealer
918:
1108:
985:
957:
1086:
398:
The military forces of the SPLM-IO are known as "Sudan People's
Liberation Army-in-Opposition" (abbreviated "SPLA-IO") and consist of deserters from the
1238:
743:
1258:
1243:
1101:
870:
204:
1263:
1132:
362:. People in rebel-held areas no longer accepted South Sudanese currency which had lost its worth due to hyperinflation, and instead used
793:
346:. Shortly after the meeting, however, the media began to call the group the SPLM-in-Opposition, due to its opposition to the governing
1248:
1094:
1055:
1117:
446:
252:
1116:
399:
1194:
1140:
1076:
284:
132:
1253:
1212:
692:
412:
1011:
818:
1044:
661:
581:
693:"S. Sudanese army abandons positions in Jonglei: rebel spokesperson - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan"
461:
The SPLA-IO did not have a formal military structure until the Pagak I conference in
December 2014, after a year of
846:
1174:
1152:
218:
68:
1169:
358:
By May 2018, the SPLM/A-IO had set up a "parallel bush government" in Upper Nile, rivaling the government in
767:
1184:
155:
1034:
415:. Despite attempts by Machar to attract other ethnic groups to his cause, the SPLA-IO is dominated by
1189:
1179:
462:
427:
420:
327:
300:
257:
1217:
630:
558:
247:
564:
334:
party. While Maj. Gen. Garouth
Gatkuoth and many generals spoke against a SPLM affiliation,
363:
8:
299:. Tensions grew between forces loyal to Kiir and Machar and South Sudan plunged into the
38:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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163:
1207:
576:
450:
367:
1232:
517:
335:
986:"UN panel says Uganda, Ukraine and Egypt violating South Sudan arms embargo"
599:
Director of
Communications, Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
911:"Ceasefire monitors accuse South Sudan forces, rebels of civilian killings"
794:"General Gatwech removes Machar, declares himself interim SPLM-IO chairman"
505:
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to defer a final decision. The group decided on the provisional name
306:
The party and militia are led by Riek Machar. Machar also appointed
744:"South Sudan rebels capture oil workers following $ 500mn contract"
598:
593:
237:
407:
330:
were split on whether to maintain an affiliation with the ruling
307:
279:), also known as the anti-governmental forces (AGF), is a mainly
1064:
1057:
ISOLATION AND ENDURANCE. Riek Machar and the SPLM-IO in 2016–17
442:
435:
197:
142:
359:
347:
331:
296:
147:
662:"Machar's SPLM-IO picks green as group's political colour"
940:
938:
936:
718:"South Sudan opposition head Riek Machar denies coup bid"
958:"AMMUNITION AIRDROPPED TO SPLA-iO FORCES IN SOUTH SUDAN"
475:
as chief of general staff with the following deputies:
933:
890:
828:
501:
Maj. Gen. John Both Teny, general headquarters command
287:
in 2013, due to political tensions between
President
283:
political party and rebel group that split from the
60:
768:"Gatwech no longer SPLA-IO Chief of Staff -Machar"
611:
338:and much of the leadership were in favor, leading
536:Maj. Gen. James Koang Chuol, 1st Special Division
434:who was arrested on 14 July 2016 at his villa in
1230:
594:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
270:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition
908:
498:Maj. Gen. Moses Chot Riek, military production
1102:
523:Maj. Gen. Thomas Mabor Dhuo, Phou Division 7
419:. Parts of the SPLA-IO are known to recruit
326:convention in April 2014, the rebels in the
1012:"A Fractious Rebellion: Inside the SPLM-IO"
819:"A Fractious Rebellion: Inside the SPLM-IO"
533:Maj. Gen. Maguek Gai Majak, Lich Division 4
495:Maj. Gen. Elias Juda Kulang, administration
1109:
1095:
868:
631:"SPLM-IO to relocate headquarters to Juba"
67:
492:Maj. Gen. Martin Kenyi, moral orientation
1239:Factions of the South Sudanese Civil War
847:Opinion: SPLM-IO's flawed peace strategy
389:
1032:
944:
834:
1231:
1244:Political parties established in 2013
1090:
1053:
1009:
896:
816:
649:https://africaelects.com/south-sudan/
617:
486:Maj. Gen. Garouth Gatkouth, logistics
791:
644:
642:
640:
378:ethnic group as leader Riek Machar.
18:
512:Along with the following commands:
13:
1264:2013 establishments in South Sudan
1259:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
741:
285:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
133:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
14:
1275:
792:says, Hon Thor Jok (2021-08-03).
637:
587:
469:created the following structure:
441:In 2017 SPLA-IO lost the town of
1249:Political parties in South Sudan
1121:
1118:Political parties in South Sudan
539:Maj. Gen. Martin Terento Kenyi,
23:
1039:. London: Hurst & Company.
1003:
978:
950:
902:
862:
858:SPLM-IO's flawed peace strategy
851:
840:
810:
785:
695:. Sudan Tribune. Archived from
680:Religion and African Civil Wars
563:Maj. Gen. Thomas Basilo Tindo,
489:Maj. Gen. Dau Atujong, training
456:
394:SPLA-IO soldiers in April 2016.
238:https://twitter.com/SPLMIO_Viva
1025:
909:Jason Patinkin (15 May 2018).
760:
735:
710:
685:
672:
654:
623:
582:Sudan People's Liberation Army
400:Sudan People's Liberation Army
16:Political party in South Sudan
1:
869:John Young (September 2015).
604:
385:
205:National Legislative Assembly
526:Maj. Gen. Peter Dor Manjur,
516:Maj. Gen. James Khor Chuol,
317:
7:
1254:Rebel groups in South Sudan
1010:Young, John (17 May 2024).
817:Young, John (17 May 2024).
651:South Sudan - Africa Elects
570:
353:
10:
1280:
965:Conflict Armament Research
117:15 December 2013
1213:List of political parties
1203:
1162:
1131:
506:Gabriel Tang Gatwich Chan
426:For weapons to fight the
243:
236:
231:
217:
203:
190:
178:
154:
138:
128:
113:
105:
95:
83:
75:
66:
57:
32:This article needs to be
871:"The SPLM-in-Opposition"
557:Maj. Gen. Dau Aturjong,
545:Maj. Gen. Salem El Haj,
428:South Sudanese civil war
328:South Sudanese Civil War
301:South Sudanese Civil War
1218:Politics of South Sudan
1033:Martell, Peter (2018).
559:Northern Bahr el Ghazal
551:Col. Wesley Welba, Mid-
295:over leadership of the
248:Politics of South Sudan
180:Political position
96:Chief of General Staffs
565:Western Bahr el Ghazal
451:a government offensive
402:(SPLA), alongside the
395:
633:. September 12, 2019.
393:
364:United States dollars
1054:Young, John (2017).
508:, inspector general.
668:. 3 September 2020.
291:and Vice President
109:Tingo Peter Regbigo
1036:First Raise a Flag
724:. 18 December 2013
396:
311:Simon Gatwech Dual
100:Simon Gatwech Dual
1226:
1225:
1175:Democratic Change
1078:978-2-940548-41-5
1069:Small Arms Survey
899:, pp. 36–40.
876:Small Arms Survey
553:Western Equatoria
547:Central Equatoria
541:Eastern Equatoria
266:
265:
253:Political parties
219:Council of States
106:Secretary-general
53:
52:
1271:
1126:
1125:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1062:
1050:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
982:
976:
974:
972:
971:
962:
954:
948:
942:
931:
930:
928:
926:
917:. Archived from
906:
900:
894:
888:
887:
885:
883:
866:
860:
855:
849:
844:
838:
832:
826:
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823:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
789:
783:
782:
780:
779:
764:
758:
757:
755:
754:
742:Cusack, Robert.
739:
733:
732:
730:
729:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
689:
683:
678:Niels Kastfelt,
676:
670:
669:
658:
652:
646:
635:
634:
627:
621:
615:
447:Ethiopian border
226:
212:
196:
164:Social democracy
124:
122:
71:
55:
54:
48:
45:
39:
27:
26:
19:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1208:Portal:Politics
1199:
1170:Communist Party
1158:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1085:
1079:
1060:
1047:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1004:
995:
993:
984:
983:
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969:
967:
960:
956:
955:
951:
943:
934:
924:
922:
921:on May 31, 2018
907:
903:
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660:
659:
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629:
628:
624:
616:
612:
607:
590:
577:Nuer White Army
573:
481:Peter Gadet Yak
459:
388:
356:
320:
262:
227:
224:
213:
210:
194:
174:
146:
129:Split from
120:
118:
62:
61:
49:
43:
40:
37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1277:
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1159:
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1144:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1051:
1046:978-1849049597
1045:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1002:
977:
949:
947:, p. 235.
932:
901:
889:
861:
850:
839:
837:, p. 271.
827:
809:
784:
759:
734:
709:
684:
671:
666:sudanspost.com
653:
636:
622:
609:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
596:
589:
588:External links
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531:
524:
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510:
509:
502:
499:
496:
493:
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487:
484:
458:
455:
421:child soldiers
404:private armies
387:
384:
368:Ethiopian birr
355:
352:
319:
316:
281:South Sudanese
264:
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1163:Unrepresented
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1119:
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1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1017:. p. 46.
1013:
1006:
991:
987:
981:
966:
959:
953:
946:
941:
939:
937:
920:
916:
912:
905:
898:
893:
878:
877:
872:
865:
859:
854:
848:
843:
836:
831:
824:. p. 43.
820:
813:
799:
795:
788:
773:
769:
763:
749:
745:
738:
723:
719:
713:
699:on 2019-02-14
698:
694:
688:
681:
675:
667:
663:
657:
650:
645:
643:
641:
632:
626:
620:, p. 38.
619:
614:
610:
600:
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595:
592:
591:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
566:
562:
560:
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507:
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497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
478:
477:
476:
474:
473:Simon Gatwich
470:
468:
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
405:
401:
392:
383:
379:
377:
371:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Angelina Teny
333:
329:
325:
315:
312:
309:
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282:
278:
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259:
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78:
74:
70:
65:
56:
47:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1146:
1056:
1035:
1005:
994:. Retrieved
992:. 8 May 2017
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:
952:
945:Martell 2018
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
914:
904:
897:Young (2017)
892:
880:. Retrieved
874:
864:
853:
842:
835:Martell 2018
830:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
787:
776:. Retrieved
774:. 2021-06-28
771:
762:
751:. Retrieved
747:
737:
726:. Retrieved
721:
712:
701:. Retrieved
697:the original
687:
679:
674:
665:
656:
625:
618:Young (2017)
613:
511:
483:, operations
471:
460:
457:Organization
440:
432:Pierre Dadak
425:
397:
380:
372:
357:
343:
321:
305:
276:
269:
267:
145:(until 2017)
139:Headquarters
76:Abbreviation
41:
33:
1026:Works cited
990:Defense Web
798:Sudans Post
467:Riek Machar
417:Nuer people
340:Riek Machar
322:During the
293:Riek Machar
274:abbreviated
185:Centre-left
90:Riek Machar
1233:Categories
1133:Parliament
996:2023-10-09
970:2023-10-09
803:2022-07-20
778:2022-07-20
753:2017-05-29
728:2016-07-24
703:2016-07-24
682:, page 28.
605:References
530:Division 8
520:Division 5
504:Maj. Gen.
479:Maj. Gen.
386:Armed wing
289:Salva Kiir
121:2013-12-15
772:Eye Radio
406:of rebel
344:SPLM-SPLA
318:Etymology
258:Elections
211:128 / 550
171:interests
44:July 2019
722:BBC News
571:See also
408:warlords
354:Politics
225:27 / 100
156:Ideology
1147:SPLM-IO
925:19 June
915:Reuters
882:19 June
748:alaraby
449:during
445:on the
350:party.
308:General
277:SPLM-IO
232:Website
191:Colours
150:(2019–)
119: (
114:Founded
79:SPLM-IO
34:updated
1075:
1065:Geneva
1043:
518:Latjor
195:
85:Leader
1149:(128)
1143:(332)
1061:(PDF)
1015:(PDF)
975:</
961:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
443:Pagak
436:Ibiza
324:Nasir
198:Green
143:Pagak
1190:SSLP
1185:SANU
1180:LPSS
1155:(50)
1153:SSOA
1141:SPLM
1073:ISBN
1041:ISBN
927:2018
884:2018
528:Bieh
413:SSDF
376:Nuer
366:and
360:Juba
348:SPLM
332:SPLM
297:SPLM
268:The
169:Nuer
148:Juba
1195:UDF
463:war
1235::
1071:.
1067::
1063:.
988:.
963:.
935:^
913:.
873:.
796:.
770:.
746:.
720:.
664:.
639:^
465:.
453:.
423:.
370:.
303:.
1110:e
1103:t
1096:v
1081:.
1049:.
999:.
973:.
929:.
886:.
806:.
781:.
756:.
731:.
706:.
272:(
123:)
46:)
42:(
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
