Soviet Army - Knowledge

1119: 162: 2037: 1400:. First, the combined arms formations, divisions and armies, would be reorganised, and as a result division numbers would be reduced almost by half; second, tank regiments would be removed from all the motor rifle (mechanised infantry) divisions in East Germany and Czechoslovakia, and tank divisions would also lose a tank regiment; air assault and river crossing units would be removed from both Eastern Germany and Czechoslovakia; fourth, defensive systems and units would rise in number under the new divisional organisation; and finally the troop level in the European part of the USSR would drop by 200,000, and by 60,000 in the southern part of the country. A number of motor-rifle formations would be converted into machine gun and artillery forces intended for defensive purposes only. Three-quarters of the troops in Mongolia would be withdrawn and disbanded, including all the air force units there. 843: 864:. About three-quarters were motor rifle divisions and the remainder tank divisions. There were also a large number of artillery divisions, separate artillery brigades, engineer formations, and other combat support formations. However, only relatively few formations were fully war ready. By 1983, Soviet divisions were divided into either "Ready" or "Not Ready" categories, each with three subcategories. The internal military districts usually contained only one or two fully Ready divisions, with the remainder lower strength formations. The Soviet system anticipated a war preparation period which would bring the strength of the Ground Forces up to about three million. 1054: 3856:

and doctrinal evolution of the Soviet and Russian Armies from 1946 through 2009 within the broad context of vital political, economic, and social developments and a wide range of important international and national occurrences. Its intent is to foster further informed discussion of the subject. Each of the article's sub-sections portrays military developments in the Soviet or Russian Armies during one of the eight postwar periods Soviet and Russian military scholars, themselves, routinely identify as distinct stages in the development and evolution of their Armed Forces.

1611: 1130:, 7,000 artillery guns, over 5,000 anti-aircraft guns, 158 surface-to-air missile launchers, and 120 helicopters. During the war, the Soviets sent North Vietnam annual arms shipments worth $ 450 million. From July 1965 to the end of 1974, fighting in Vietnam was observed by some 6,500 officers and generals, as well as more than 4,500 soldiers and sergeants of the Soviet Armed Forces. In addition, Soviet military schools and academies began training Vietnamese soldiers—in all more than 10,000 military personnel. 45: 1118: 1346: 198: 1088:, North Vietnam's southern headquarters. Using airspeed and direction, COSVN analysts would calculate the bombing target and tell any assets to move "perpendicularly to the attack trajectory." These advance warnings gave them time to move out of the way of the bombers, and, while the bombing runs caused extensive damage, because of the early warnings from 1968 to 1970 they did not kill a single military or civilian leader in the headquarters complexes. 728:". The Main Command was reformed in 1955. On February 24, 1964, the Defense Council of the Soviet Union decided to disband the Ground Forces Main Command, with almost the same wording as in 1950 (the corresponding order of the USSR Minister of Defense on disbandment was signed on March 7, 1964). Its functions were transferred to the General Staff, while the chiefs of the combat arms and specialised forces came under the direct command of the 214: 442: 1423:(CIS). Soviet President Gorbachev resigned on 25 December 1991; the next day, the Supreme Soviet dissolved itself, officially dissolving the USSR on 26 December 1991. During the next 18 months, inter-republican political efforts to transform the Army of the Soviet Union into the CIS Armed Forces failed; eventually, the forces stationed in the republics formally became the militaries of the respective republican governments. 1603: 911: 857:, "rule of the grandfathers", which destroyed the status of most NCOs. Instead the Soviet system relied very heavily on junior officers. Soviet Armed Forces life could be "grim and dangerous": a Western researcher talking to former Soviet officers was told, in effect that this was because they did not "value human life". 942: 3855:

David M. Glantz (2010) The Development of the Soviet and Russian Armies in Context, 1946–2008: A Chronological and Topical Outline, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 23, No.1, 2010, 27–235, DOI: 10.1080/13518040903578429. This chronological and topical outline describes the institutional

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From 1947 to 1989, Western intelligence agencies estimated that the Soviet Ground Forces' strength remained c. 2.8 million to c. 5.3 million men. In 1989 the Ground Forces had two million men. To maintain those numbers, Soviet law required a three-year military service obligation from every

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Gorbachev slowly reduced the size of the Armed Forces, including through a unilateral force reduction announcement of 500,000 in December 1988. A total of 50,000 personnel were to come from Eastern Europe, the forces in Mongolia (totaling five divisions and 75,000 troops) were to be reduced, but the

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The cost for the military due to the war is estimated to have been roughly 15 billion rubles in 1989. The combat casualties estimates at 30,000–35,000. During 1984–1985, more than 300 aircraft were lost, and thus a significant military cost of the war is attributed to air operations. Since the first

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with its Eastern European socialist allies, solidifying military coordination between Soviet forces and their socialist counterparts. The Ground Forces created and directed the Eastern European armies in its image for the remainder of the Cold War, shaping them for a potential confrontation with the

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recruit foreigners within high-level diplomatic circles among the Western-allies of the US, under a clandestine program known as "B12,MM" which produced thousands of high-level documents for nearly a decade, including targets of B-52 strikes. In 1975, the SIGINT services had broken information from

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remainder was to come from units inside the Soviet Union. There were major problems encountered in trying to organise the return of 500,000 personnel into civilian life, including where the returned soldiers were to live, housing, jobs, and training assistance. Then the developing withdrawals from

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government took power in a 1978 coup and initiated a series of radical modernization reforms throughout the country. Vigorously suppressing any opposition from among the traditional Muslim Afghans, the government arrested thousands and executed as many as 27,000 political prisoners. By April 1979

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While the Soviet government initially hoped to secure Afghanistan's towns and road networks, stabilize the communist regime, and withdraw from the region within the span of one year, they experienced major difficulties in the region, due to rough terrain and fierce guerrilla resistance. Soviet

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The Soviet Army also suffered from deep losses in morale and public approval due to the conflict and its failure. Many injured and disabled veterans of the war returned to the Soviet Union facing public scrutiny and difficulty re-entering civilian society, creating a new social group known as

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Within the Soviet Union, the troops and formations of the Ground Forces were divided among the military districts. There were 32 of them in 1945. Sixteen districts remained from the mid-1970s to the end of the USSR (see table). Yet, the greatest Soviet Army concentration was in the

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in July 1946. By September 1946, the army decreased from 5 million soldiers to 2.7 million in the Soviet Union and from 2 million to 1.5 million in Europe. Four years later the Main Command was disbanded, an organisational gap that "probably was associated in some manner with the

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treaty began to create more disruption. The withdrawals became extremely chaotic; there was significant hardship for officers and their families, and "large numbers of weapons and vast stocks of equipment simply disappeared through theft, misappropriation and the black market."

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and about a tenth that number of tank formations. Their war experience gave the Soviets such faith in tank forces that the infantry force was cut significantly. A total of 130 rifle divisions were disbanded in the Groups of Forces in Eastern Europe in summer 1945, as well as

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realized the economic, diplomatic, and human toll the war was placing on the Soviet Union, he announced the withdrawal of six regiment of troops (about 7,000 men) on 28 July 1986. In January 1988 Foreign Minister

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large parts of the country were in open rebellion and by December the government had lost control of territory outside of the cities. In response to Afghan government requests, the Soviet government under leader

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Lee, Rensselaer (1999) Smuggling Armageddon: The Nuclear Black Market in the Former Soviet Union and Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press, cited in Hamm, Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups, 2011, p8.

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able man of military age, until 1967, when the Ground Forces reduced it to a two-year draft obligation. By the 1970s, the change to a two-year system seems to have created the hazing practice known as

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in 1957 for opposing these reductions in the Ground Forces. Nonetheless, Soviet forces possessed too few theater-level nuclear weapons to fulfill war-plan requirements until the mid-1980s. The

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program. These programs were pivotal in detecting and defeating CIA and South Vietnamese commando teams sent into North Vietnam, as they were detected and captured. The Soviets helped the

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supplied North Vietnam with medical supplies, arms, tanks, planes, helicopters, artillery, anti-aircraft missiles and other military equipment. Soviet crews fired Soviet-made

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presence would reach near 115,000 troops by the mid-1980s, and the complications of the war increased, causing a high amount of military, economic, and political cost. After

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to supervise three southern military districts. Western analysts expected these new headquarters to control multiple Fronts in time of war, and usually a Soviet Navy Fleet.

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reported in 1992 that the USSR had previously had over 20,000 tanks, 30,000 armoured combat vehicles, at least 13,000 artillery pieces, and just under 1,500 helicopters.

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of the late war period were converted to tank divisions, and from 1957 the rifle divisions were converted to motor rifle divisions (MRDs). MRDs had three motorized rifle

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announced that it was hoped that "1988 would be the last year of the Soviet troops stay"; the forces pulled out in the bitter winter cold of January–February 1989.

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maintained plans to invade Western Europe whose massive scale was only made publicly available after German researchers gained access to files of the East German

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year, the government spend roughly 2.5–3.0% of the yearly military budget on funding the war in Afghanistan, increasing steadily in cost until its peak in 1986.

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rule in 1945 remained in place to secure pro-Soviet régimes in Eastern Europe and to protect against attack from Europe. Elsewhere, they may have assisted the

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Established by decree on 15 (28) January 1918 "to protect the population, territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state."

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in 1991, a considerable number of weapons were transferred to the national forces of emerging states on the periphery of the former Soviet Union, such as

4205: 894:. In September 1984, three more were established to control multi-Front operations in Europe (the Western and South-Western Strategic Directions) and at 3530: 2036: 1141:(SIGINT) capabilities of the North Vietnamese, through an operation known as Vostok (also known as Phương Đông, meaning "Orient" and named after the 1037:. The Soviets believed it would be strategic to the Soviet Union to support Korea's growth directly. When northern Korea eventually wished to invade 1434:

divided their assets among themselves. The divide mostly occurred along a regional basis, with Soviet soldiers from Russia becoming part of the new

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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.

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traveled to Moscow to gain approval from Stalin. It was granted with full support, leading to the full-scale invasion of South Korea on June 25.

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the necessity of Soviet help in building infrastructure and industry in northern Korea. Additionally, the Soviets aided in the creation of the

3650: 689:, and by the end of 1946, another 193 rifle divisions ceased to exist. Five or more rifle divisions disbanded contributed to the formation of 3826:

The British Garrison Berlin 1945 - 1994: nowhere to go ... a pictorial historiography of the British Military occupation / presence in Berlin

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Some Russian sources give more specific numbers: Between 1953 and 1991, the hardware donated by the Soviet Union included 2,000 tanks, 1,700

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guerrilla resistance. Between 850,000 and 1.5 million civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to

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were reduced from about 11.3 million to about 2.8 million men, a demobilisation controlled first, by increasing the number of

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to 33, then reduced to 21 in 1946. The personnel strength of the Ground Forces was reduced from 9.8 million to 2.4 million.

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In 1990 and 1991, the Soviet Ground Forces were estimated to possess the following equipment. The 1991 estimates are drawn from the

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to depose President Gorbachev. Commanders despatched tanks into Moscow, yet the coup failed. On 8 December 1991, the presidents of

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Legends and reality of the AK: a behind-the-scenes look at the history, design, and impact of the Kalashnikov family of weapons

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Soviet anti-air instructors and North Vietnamese crewmen in the spring of 1965 at an anti-aircraft training center in Vietnam

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in 1989. Some of these items were sold on the black market or through weapons merchants, whereof, in turn, some ended up in

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From 1985 to 1991, General Secretary Gorbachev attempted to reduce the strain the Soviet Armed Forces placed on the USSR's

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first sent covert troops to advise and support the Afghan government, but, on December 24, 1979, began the first

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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.

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became Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces on 31 August 1991, and remained in that post until 30 November 1996.

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gave vital early warnings to PAVN/VC forces in South Vietnam. The Soviet intelligence ships would pick up American

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on the northeast Chinese coast until 1955. Control was then handed over to the new Chinese communist government.

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until it was formally abolished on 14 February 1992. The Soviet Ground Forces were principally succeeded by the

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In the next few years, the former Soviet Ground Forces withdrew from central and Eastern Europe (including the

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Western US-allies in Saigon, determining that the US would not intervene to save South Vietnam from collapse.

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estimated that out of the 500 million total firearms available worldwide, 100 million were of the

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appointed himself as the new Russian minister of defence, marking a crucial step in the creation of the new

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From the 1950s to the 1980s the branches ("rods") of the Ground Forces included the Motor Rifle Troops; the

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4,500 helicopters as of 1 June 1991, including some 2,050 armed helicopters, of which 340 were reported as

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To establish and secure the USSR's eastern European geopolitical interests, Red Army troops who liberated

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officials acknowledged that the Soviet Union had stationed up to 3,000 troops in Vietnam during the war.

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in Moscow, January 1992, a few weeks after the dissolution of the USSR. He is wearing the Soviet winter

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This article is about the Soviet Army between 1946 and 1991. For the Soviet Army from 1918 to 1946, see

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The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces

3382:"Post-Conflict Transitions Working Paper No. 10.: Weaponomics: The Global Market for Assault Rifles" 3038:"A bitter harvest: Soviet intervention in Afghanistan and its effects on Afghan political movements" 3658: 3323: 1792: 1293: 1288: 1273: 1199: 946: 830:(1969) prompted establishment of a 16th military district, the Central Asian Military District, at 803: 799: 775: 763: 733: 541: 108: 2893:"The Soviet-Vietnamese Intelligence Relationship during the Vietnam War: Cooperation and Conflict" 1053: 4042: 3830: 2695:, "Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 1970s and 1980s: Findings in the East German Archives", 2351: 2176: 2108: 1030: 978: 891: 819: 619: 580: 461: 2052:, #5 Education, #6 Main specialty, #7 Marital status. (Document number and the name are removed) 3981: 3744: 1853:

8,000 rocket artillery pieces, of which about 2,330 were inside the CFE treaty area, including

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Military Headquarters was reorganized as a staff for facilitating CIS military cooperation.

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Autopsy on an Empire: The American Ambassador's Account of the Collapse of the Soviet Union

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helicopters, including "Hip-G" and "Hip-K"; 680 general-purpose helicopters including 600

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light amphibious tanks as of 1 June 1991, including about 410 inside the CFE treaty area.

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The Bleeding Wound: The Soviet War in Afghanistan and the Collapse of the Soviet System

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in 1965. Over a dozen Soviet soldiers lost their lives in this conflict. Following the

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Soviet Army conscript's military service book.#1, Place of birth,#2 Nationality (i.e.

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A U.S. assessment of the seven most important items of Soviet combat equipment in 1981

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became Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces in March 1946, but was quickly succeeded by

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was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Ground Forces with effect from 5 November 1967.

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Education of the Soviet Soldier: Party-Political Work in the Soviet Armed Forces

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Soviet Army T-72A tanks during the 1983 October Revolution celebration in Moscow

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first in traditional Soviet order of precedence; the Ground Forces, second; the

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in Russian territory; beyond, many units and formations were taken over by the

594: 244: 3507:Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской 2981: 2945: 4174: 3848: 3590: 3567: 3554: 3329: 3174: 2862: 2730: 2574: 2222: 2063: 1935: 1915: 1888: 1496: 1481: 1470: 1215: 1026: 986: 938: 771: 716: 419: 3216: 4119: 3939: 3596: 3573: 3560: 3514:] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. 3163:"Afghan guerrillas' fierce resistance stalemates Soviets and puppet regime" 2989: 2925: 2600: 1815: 1811: 1516: 1446:. As a result, the bulk of the Soviet Ground Forces, including most of the 1386: 1092: 1014: 853: 732:. The Main Command was then recreated again in November 1967. Army General 712:

The Land Forces Main Command was created for the first time in March 1946.

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Alien Wars: The Soviet Union's Aggressions Against the World, 1919 to 1989

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Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present

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sketches some of the fates of the individual parts of the Ground Forces.

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A Safeguard of Peace. Soviet Armed Forces: History, Foundations, Mission

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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is

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position of commander of ground forces did not exist from 1964 to 1967

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position of commander of ground forces did not exist from 1950 to 1955

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and six tank battalions; tank divisions had the proportions reversed.

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in December 1991, the Ground Forces remained under the command of the

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Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013).

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about 28,000 armoured infantry fighting vehicles (AIFV), including

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12,000 towed anti-aircraft guns estimated in 1989. Types included

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made up of around four armies (and roughly equivalent to Western

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8,000 reconnaissance vehicles as of 1 June 1991 including 2,500

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Roy Allison, "Military Forces in the Soviet Successor States,"

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Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991: Organisation and Order of Battle

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The Armed Forces were extensively involved in the 19–21 August

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from 1946 to 1992. In English it was often referred to as the

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US tanks and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie, October 1961

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Airborne Assault Formations of the Ground Forces of the USSR

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of 1968. In 1969, in the far east of the Soviet Union, the

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The Russian Elite: inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne Forces

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The Soviet Army in the Years of the 'Cold War' (1945–1991)

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The Russian elite: inside Spetsnaz and the airborne forces

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Land warfare branch of the Soviet Armed Forces (1946–1992)

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Truong, Nhu Tang; Chanoff, David; Doan, Van-Toai (1985).

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By the middle of the 1980s, the Ground Forces contained

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data exchange which revealed figures of November 1990.

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International Institute for Strategic Studies (1987).

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International Institute for Strategic Studies (1991).

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International Institute for Strategic Studies (1992).

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about 9,000 self-propelled howitzers, including 2,751

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formally dissolved the USSR, and then constituted the

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Prior to the arrival of Soviet troops, the pro-Soviet

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to prop up its puppet government, provoking a 10-year

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Scott, Harriet Fast; Scott, William Fontaine (1979).

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Feskov, V.I.; K.A. Kalashnikov; V.I. Golikov (2004).

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Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union

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Military units and formations disestablished in 1991

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Armed Forces of the Russian Federation – Land Forces

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and a tank regiment, for a total of ten motor rifle

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a machine-translated version of the Russian article.

3416:Valerii N. Shilin; Charlie Cutshaw (1 March 2000). 3354: 3352: 3350: 3335: 3299: 3287: 2930:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 1741:. Over 16,500 AIFV were inside the CFE treaty area. 693:convoy divisions, some used for escorting Japanese 3713: 3330:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1992 3251:Konovalov, Valerii. "Afghan Veterans in Siberia". 3005:Le génocide Khmer Rouge: une analyse démographique 2826: 2654: 2575:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1987 2518: 2416: 2335: 2223:International Institute for Strategic Studies 1991 1340: 824:Warsaw Pact intervention against the Prague Spring 4191:Military units and formations established in 1946 3067: 3065: 2785: 1465:and 12 SSM brigades with 204 missile vehicles in 260:4,129,506 reserve (1991), peak 17,383,291 in 1945 4172: 3768:Red Alert: Structure of Soviet Infantry Regiment 3347: 3231:"The Costs of Soviet Involvement in Afghanistan" 3009:The Khmer Rouge genocide: A demographic analysis 2549:Defense Intelligence Agency (6 September 1983). 2530: 2299:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFeskov_et_al_2013 ( 2276: 2026:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 257:3,668,075 active (1991), peak 14,332,483 in 1945 2058:Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Ground Forces 2032:Commanders-in-Chief of the Soviet Ground Forces 1751:33,000 towed artillery pieces, including 4,379 1001:following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 3940:WW2 Soviet Army tank crew uniform and insignia 3651:The Russian Ground Forces and Reform 1992–2002 3644:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 3391:. Oxford University. p. 3. Archived from 3062: 2824: 2814:. historicaltextarchive.com. Associated Press. 2779: 194: 107:accompanying your translation by providing an 69:Click for important translation instructions. 56:expand this article with text translated from 3960: 3896:Central Intelligence Agency (November 1982). 3817:International Institute for Strategic Studies 3720:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p. 3678:. Greenhill Books/Lionel Leventhal, Limited. 3029: 2294: 2238:World War II Soviet Armed Forces (3): 1944–45 2169: 1620:List of equipment of the Soviet Ground Forces 1546: 1259:The extent military districts in 1990 were: 932: 814:. In 1958, Soviet troops were withdrawn from 573: 549: 285: 279: 151: 3503: 3480: 2636: 2624: 2586: 2464: 2318: 1664:, and a further 16,000 in store east of the 1195: 977:, reduced the Ground Forces to build up the 607:Until 25 February 1946, it was known as the 336:Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies 3805:For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. 3797:Zickel, Raymond E; Keefe, Eugene K (1991). 3796: 3436: 2476: 4206:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union 3967: 3953: 3881:. English-language Soviet book put out by 3868:. English-language Soviet book put out by 3711: 3454:"Post Cold War Security in and for Europe" 2775:– via Wilson Center Digital Archive. 2754:– via Wilson Center Digital Archive. 2488: 2440: 2392: 2380: 2330: 1351:2nd Guards Tamanskaya Motor Rifle Division 960:In 1955, the Soviet Union established the 798:. East European Groups of Forces were the 556: 542: 440: 160: 3692: 3673: 3379: 3269: 3194: 3002: 2996: 2890: 2708: 1457:(SSM) forces, became incorporated in the 1438:, while Soviet soldiers originating from 943:ru:Армейская авиация Российской Федерации 762:in suppressing anti-Soviet resistance in 3697:. London: Headline Book Publishing PLC. 3135:"How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace" 2923: 2035: 1609: 1601: 1344: 1117: 1052: 975:General Secretary of the Communist Party 841: 822:in Czechoslovakia was established after 4201:1946 establishments in the Soviet Union 3765: 3756: 3738: 3612: 3341: 3043:. Penn State University. Archived from 3035: 2958: 2952: 2812:"Soviet Involvement in the Vietnam War" 2648: 2410: 2270: 1389:outlined five major planned changes in 955:Air Defence Troops of the Ground Forces 875:of four to five divisions operating in 14: 4173: 3606:Weapons and Tactics of the Soviet Army 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2861:(in Russian). rus.ruvr. Archived from 2712:The North Korean revolution, 1945-1950 2234: 366:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 313:Over 70,000 armored personnel carriers 3948: 3822: 3774: 3770:. New York: Safar Publishing on File. 3448: 3250: 3107:"Timeline: Soviet war in Afghanistan" 2282: 1480:In mid-March 1992, Russian President 1254: 667: 3974: 3865:The Armed Forces of the Soviet Union 3636: 3603: 3528: 3358: 3317: 3305: 3293: 3281: 2825:Sarin, Oleg; Dvoretsky, Lev (1996). 2715:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2699:, October–December 1993, pp. 437–457 2672: 2660: 2598: 2524: 2512: 2500: 2425: 2145:Military history of the Soviet Union 1161: 525:Military history of the Soviet Union 38: 3648: 3642:The Collapse of the Soviet Military 3099: 3075:Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam 2877: 2536: 2123:, January 1989 until 30 August 1991 1644:as of 1 June 1991, including 5,400 1385:In February 1989, Defence Minister 1214:, and installing a rival socialist 794:, which suppressed the anti-Soviet 618:(army) was often used to cover the 24: 3809: 2891:Pribbenow, Merle (December 2014). 2446: 2150:Military ranks of the Soviet Union 1569:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan 1490:Commonwealth of Independent States 1421:Commonwealth of Independent States 967:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 646:Commonwealth of Independent States 509:Military ranks of the Soviet Union 25: 4217: 3889: 3380:Killicoat, Phillip (April 2007). 2235:Thomas, Nigel (20 January 2013). 1624:list of tanks of the Soviet Union 1237: 985:capabilities. He removed Marshal 934:Ракетные войска и артиллерия СССР 916:, from 1968 to August 1990); the 792:Group of Soviet Forces in Germany 530:History of Russian military ranks 316:24,000 infantry fighting vehicles 119:{{Translated|ru|Советская армия}} 3829:. Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag ( 3655:Conflict Studies Research Centre 3253:Radio Liberty Report on the USSR 2599:Holm, Michael (1 January 2015). 1632:Military Balance and follow the 1377:and the changes implicit in the 1309:Transcaucasian Military District 1304:North Caucasus Military District 1086:Central Office for South Vietnam 981:, emphasizing the armed forces' 867:Soviet planning for most of the 796:Uprising of 1953 in East Germany 680:the Red Army had over 500 rifle 212: 196: 43: 3474: 3442: 3410: 3373: 3364: 3244: 3223: 3188: 3155: 3127: 2917: 2851: 2818: 2804: 2758: 2737: 2702: 2678: 2592: 2542: 2386: 2343:The Journal of American History 1553:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1428:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1405:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 1341:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 1334:Central Asian Military District 1109:dissolution of the Soviet Union 774:. Soviet troops, including the 401:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 3766:Tsouras, Vladyslav B. (2024). 2709:Armstrong, Charles K. (2003). 2601:"High Command of the Far East" 2324: 2255: 2228: 2162: 1206:on December 27, they staged a 1060:(left) was the Soviet Union's 1048: 517:History of the Soviet Military 322:9,000 self-propelled howitzers 117:You may also add the template 13: 1: 4027: 4020:Army of the Tsardom of Russia 3998: 3935:Soviet Armed Forces 1945–1991 3800:Soviet Union: a country study 2689:Seven Days to the River Rhine 2192: 2140:Formations of the Soviet Army 1686:as of 1 June 1991, including 1670:Conventional Forces in Europe 1634:Conventional Forces in Europe 1475:list of Soviet Army divisions 1379:Conventional Forces in Europe 1329:Far Eastern Military District 1324:Transbaikal Military District 1299:Volga-Urals Military District 1269:Belorussian Military District 1004: 587:Sovetskiye sukhoputnye voyska 319:33,000 towed artillery pieces 3716:The armed forces of the USSR 3608:. Jane's Publishing Company. 3595:. Tavistock Street, London: 3593:The Military Balance 1987-88 3572:. Tavistock Street, London: 3570:The Military Balance 1991-92 3559:. Tavistock Street, London: 3557:The Military Balance 1992–93 2959:Khalidi, Noor Ahmad (1991). 1899:tactical ballistic missiles. 1597: 1279:Carpathian Military District 1145:). The Vostok program was a 1137:had also helped develop the 1103:, which were shot down over 812:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 687:2nd Guards Airborne Division 501:Ranks of the Soviet Military 346:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 291:"For our Soviet Motherland!" 7: 4048:Toy army of Peter the Great 3238:Central Intelligence Agency 3078:. I.B.Tauris. p. 138. 2833:. Presidio Press. pp. 2555:Central Intelligence Agency 2400:. No. 7. pp. 3–8. 2182: 2133: 2048:), #4 Year of entering the 1672:treaty area, types unknown. 1590:, and 75 million were 1314:Turkestan Military District 1264:Leningrad Military District 1155:Ministry of Public Security 1009:The Red Army advanced into 922:Rocket Forces and Artillery 837: 828:Sino-Soviet border conflict 714:Marshal of the Soviet Union 586: 361:Sino-Soviet border conflict 287:Za nashu Sovetskuyu Rodinu! 286: 10: 4222: 3761:. New York: Facts on File. 3757:Tsouras, Peter G. (1994). 3489:: Tomsk University Press. 2503:, pp. 47–48, 286–289. 2055: 1946:army air defense vehicles. 1881:multiple rocket launchers. 1684:armored personnel carriers 1617: 1547:Post-dissolution influence 1455:surface-to-surface missile 1319:Siberian Military District 1202:. Arriving in the capital 1166:In 1979, the Soviet Union 1031:North Korean People's Army 81:Machine translation, like 29: 4143: 4118: 4093: 4075: 4056: 4010: 3980: 3923:Soviet Army rank insignia 3693:Schofield, Carey (1991). 3674:Schofield, Carey (1993). 3195:Schofield, Carey (1993). 3167:Christian Science Monitor 3003:Sliwinski, Marek (1995). 2982:10.1080/02634939108400750 2241:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2170: 1729:, about a total of 3,000 1349:A Russian soldier of the 1035:Korean People's Air Force 1013:in 1945 after the end of 933: 574: 413: 408: 329: 310:About 55,000 tanks (1991) 303: 295: 281:За нашу Советскую Родину! 280: 275: 267: 250: 240: 230: 187: 179: 171: 159: 152: 150: 145: 58:the corresponding article 3036:Bennett, Andrew (1999). 2685:Parallel History Project 2155: 1294:Moscow Military District 1289:Odessa Military District 1274:Baltic Military District 1224:Soviet general secretary 1210:, killing the president 945:), until December 1990; 804:Southern Group of Forces 800:Northern Group of Forces 4043:Army of Peter the Great 3823:Durie, William (2012). 3604:Isby, David C. (1988). 3437:Zickel & Keefe 1991 2477:Zickel & Keefe 1991 2352:Oxford University Press 2105:Ivan Pavlovsky, 1967–80 1442:became part of the new 1097:surface-to-air missiles 1064:during the Vietnam War. 979:Strategic Rocket Forces 871:period would have seen 820:Central Group of Forces 739:From 1945 to 1948, the 620:Strategic Rocket Forces 462:Strategic Rocket Forces 128:For more guidance, see 3982:Principality of Moscow 3745:Inside the Soviet Army 3695:Inside the Soviet Army 3332:, pp. 72, 86, 96. 3072:Kepel, Gilles (2002). 3015:. pp. 42–43, 48. 2489:Scott & Scott 1979 2441:Scott & Scott 1979 2381:Scott & Scott 1979 2053: 1844:Soviet Airborne Forces 1615: 1607: 1575:organizations such as 1358: 1284:Kiev Military District 1123: 1065: 999:National People's Army 903:Soviet Airborne Forces 847: 4066:Imperial Russian Army 3782:. London: Ian Allan. 3657:. D67. Archived from 3649:Orr, Michael (2003). 3201:. London: Greenhill. 2924:Ro'i, Yaacov (2022). 2039: 1807:field/anti-tank guns. 1618:Further information: 1613: 1605: 1525:Russian Ground Forces 1459:Russian Ground Forces 1436:Russian Ground Forces 1348: 1121: 1056: 845: 810:, which put down the 614:In Russian, the term 130:Knowledge:Translation 101:copyright attribution 2969:Central Asian Survey 2697:Comparative Strategy 2413:, pp. 121, 172. 2297:, pp. 146, 147. 2066:, from 21 March 1946 1992:; some experimental 1486:Russian Armed Forces 1396:the Soviet official 1139:signals intelligence 1068:Soviet ships in the 969:(NATO). After 1956, 766:(1941–1955) and the 351:Cuban Missile Crisis 4085:Russian Army (1917) 4037:New Order Regiments 3883:Progress Publishers 3875:A.Y. Kheml (1972). 3870:Progress Publishers 3661:on 19 December 2010 3320:, pp. 305–346. 3284:, pp. 273–278. 3272:, pp. 236–237. 3011:] (in French). 2515:, pp. 290–291. 2394:Kormiltsev, Nikolai 2121:Valentin Varennikov 1444:Kazakh Armed Forces 1398:newspaper of record 1232:Eduard Shevardnadze 1187:Nur Mohammad Taraki 1168:invaded Afghanistan 1147:counterintelligence 862:about 210 divisions 802:in Poland, and the 741:Soviet Armed Forces 730:Minister of Defence 599:Soviet Armed Forces 434:Soviet Armed Forces 396:Revolutions of 1989 386:Ethiopian Civil War 166:Soviet Army cockade 4161:1992–present 4145:Russian Federation 3143:. 27 December 2009 3115:. 17 February 2009 2865:on 17 January 2013 2332:P. Leffler, Melvyn 2054: 2010:electronic warfare 1932:Tor missile system 1920:Buk missile system 1616: 1608: 1588:Kalashnikov family 1359: 1255:Military districts 1124: 1113:Russian Federation 1066: 887:in Buryatia under 848: 745:military districts 668:After World War II 658:post-Soviet states 654:Russian Federation 630:, fourth, and the 624:Air Defence Forces 483:Air Defence Forces 109:interlanguage link 4168: 4167: 4095:Russian Civil War 4012:Tsardom of Russia 3910:on 1 January 2015 3840:978-3-86408-068-5 3789:978-0-7110-1442-8 3780:Soviet land power 3731:978-0-89158-276-2 3629:978-0-679-41376-9 3452:(December 1992). 3426:978-1-58160-069-8 3420:. Paladin Press. 3236:. United States: 3022:978-2-7384-3525-5 2937:978-1-5036-2874-8 2844:978-0-89141-421-6 2797:978-0-15-193636-6 2788:A Vietcong memoir 2722:978-0-8014-6880-3 2691:, 1979. See also 2637:Feskov et al 2004 2627:, pp. 91–93. 2625:Feskov et al 2013 2587:Feskov et al 2013 2553:. United States: 2465:Feskov et al 2013 2319:Feskov et al 2013 2295:Feskov et al 2013 2248:978-1-84908-635-6 2183:Sovetskaya armiya 2180: 2127:Vladimir Semyonov 2115:Yevgeny Ivanovsky 2085:Rodion Malinovsky 2000:; 1,000 Mi-8; 50 1642:main battle tanks 1227:Mikhail Gorbachev 1172:Afghan mujahideen 1162:Soviet-Afghan War 971:Nikita Khrushchev 584: 575:сухопутные войска 566: 565: 425: 424: 391:Soviet–Afghan War 376:Angolan Civil War 141: 140: 70: 66: 16:(Redirected from 4213: 4186:Disbanded armies 4153:CIS Armed Forces 4077:Russian Republic 4032: 4029: 4003: 4000: 3975:Armies of Russia 3969: 3962: 3955: 3946: 3945: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3909: 3903:. Archived from 3902: 3852: 3804: 3793: 3771: 3762: 3753: 3735: 3719: 3708: 3689: 3670: 3668: 3666: 3645: 3638:Odom, William E. 3633: 3622:. Random House. 3614:Matlock, Jack F. 3609: 3600: 3587: 3564: 3549:Heuser, Beatrice 3545: 3543: 3541: 3525: 3500: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3458: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3397: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3235: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3103: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3069: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3049: 3042: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3000: 2994: 2993: 2965: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2905:on 12 April 2019 2904: 2898:. 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206: 202: 200: 199: 183:14 February 1992 175:25 February 1946 164: 155: 154: 143: 142: 120: 114: 87:Google Translate 68: 64: 47: 46: 39: 21: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4139: 4114: 4089: 4071: 4068:1721–1917 4052: 4030: 4006: 4001: 3992:1380–1698 3976: 3973: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3900: 3892: 3841: 3819:, London, 1993. 3812: 3810:Further reading 3790: 3740:Suvorov, Viktor 3732: 3705: 3686: 3664: 3662: 3630: 3584: 3539: 3537: 3522: 3497: 3477: 3472: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3447: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3384: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3249: 3245: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3209: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3118: 3116: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3071: 3070: 3063: 3053: 3051: 3050:on 14 June 2007 3047: 3040: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3001: 2997: 2963: 2957: 2953: 2938: 2922: 2918: 2908: 2906: 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3334: 3322: 3310: 3308:, p. 161. 3298: 3296:, p. 278. 3286: 3274: 3270:Schofield 1991 3262: 3243: 3222: 3207: 3187: 3154: 3126: 3098: 3084: 3061: 3028: 3021: 2995: 2976:(3): 101–126. 2951: 2936: 2916: 2876: 2850: 2843: 2817: 2803: 2796: 2778: 2757: 2736: 2721: 2701: 2677: 2665: 2653: 2641: 2629: 2617: 2591: 2579: 2567: 2541: 2529: 2517: 2505: 2493: 2491:, p. 305. 2481: 2479:, p. 705. 2469: 2457: 2445: 2443:, p. 176. 2430: 2415: 2403: 2385: 2383:, p. 142. 2373: 2323: 2321:, p. 119. 2306: 2287: 2275: 2263: 2254: 2247: 2227: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2109:Vasiliy Petrov 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097:Vasily Chuikov 2094: 2091:Andrei Grechko 2088: 2082: 2076: 2073: 2067: 2056:Main article: 2033: 2030: 2022: 2021: 2004:heavy; and 10 1978: 1947: 1928:9K35 Strela-10 1900: 1882: 1851: 1808: 1787:howitzers and 1749: 1742: 1715: 1680: 1673: 1666:Ural Mountains 1599: 1596: 1548: 1545: 1371:Czechoslovakia 1342: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1256: 1253: 1239: 1238:Military costs 1236: 1163: 1160: 1050: 1047: 1011:northern Korea 1006: 1003: 947:Signals Troops 937:, from 1961); 839: 836: 834:, Kazakhstan. 778:, remained at 752:eastern Europe 734:Ivan Pavlovsky 669: 666: 595:service branch 572:(Russian: 564: 563: 561: 560: 553: 546: 538: 535: 534: 533: 532: 527: 519: 518: 514: 513: 512: 511: 503: 502: 498: 497: 496: 495: 490: 485: 480: 478: 477: 472: 466: 464: 459: 451: 450: 446: 445: 437: 436: 426: 423: 422: 417: 411: 410: 406: 405: 404: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 331: 327: 326: 324: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 307: 305: 301: 300: 299:Red and yellow 297: 293: 292: 277: 273: 272: 269: 265: 264: 262: 261: 258: 254: 252: 248: 247: 242: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 225: 224: 208: 191: 189: 185: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 169: 168: 165: 157: 156: 148: 147: 139: 138: 134: 133: 126: 115: 93: 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3700: 3696: 3691: 3687: 3685:9781853671555 3681: 3677: 3672: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3599:for the IISS. 3598: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3583:0-08-041324-2 3579: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3563:for the IISS. 3562: 3558: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3536: 3532: 3529:Hamm (2011). 3527: 3523: 3521:9785895035306 3517: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3496:5-7511-1819-7 3492: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3478: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3438: 3433: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3367: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3271: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3239: 3232: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3208:1-85367-155-X 3204: 3200: 3199: 3191: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3130: 3114: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3087: 3085:9781845112578 3081: 3077: 3076: 3068: 3066: 3046: 3039: 3032: 3024: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2962: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2933: 2929: 2928: 2920: 2901: 2894: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2846: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2830: 2821: 2813: 2807: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2767: 2761: 2746: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2663:, p. 69. 2662: 2657: 2651:, p. 36. 2650: 2645: 2639:, p. 21. 2638: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2589:, p. 90. 2588: 2583: 2577:, p. 34. 2576: 2571: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2533: 2527:, p. 48. 2526: 2521: 2514: 2509: 2502: 2497: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2473: 2467:, p. 99. 2466: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2442: 2437: 2435: 2428:, p. 39. 2427: 2422: 2420: 2412: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2338: 2333: 2327: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2302: 2296: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2273:, p. 51. 2272: 2267: 2258: 2250: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2231: 2225:, p. 37. 2224: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2184: 2178: 2168:Russian: 2165: 2161: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2137: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2064:Georgy Zhukov 2062: 2061: 2059: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2029: 2027: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1957:-1/2/4, 57mm 1956: 1952: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1936:9K22 Tunguska 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1916:9K31 Strela-1 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1889:OTR-21 Tochka 1886: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648:/-M 9, 9,000 1647: 1643: 1640:about 54,400 1639: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1604: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1582:In 2007, the 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1497:Baltic states 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:Boris Yeltsin 1478: 1476: 1472: 1471:Baltic states 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1252: 1250: 1244: 1235: 1233: 1228: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1216:Babrak Karmal 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1129: 1120: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:Joseph Stalin 1025:explained to 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1002: 1000: 996: 995:General Staff 992: 988: 987:Georgy Zhukov 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 963: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:Army Aviation 928: 923: 919: 913: 908: 904: 899: 897: 893: 892:Vasily Petrov 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 858: 856: 855: 844: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772:Baltic states 770:in the three 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 722: 718: 717:Georgy Zhukov 715: 710: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 683: 679: 675: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 650:Ground Forces 647: 643: 640: 635: 633: 629: 626:, third, the 625: 621: 617: 613: 611: 605: 604: 600: 596: 593: 588: 582: 571: 559: 554: 552: 547: 545: 540: 539: 537: 536: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 521: 520: 516: 515: 510: 507: 506: 505: 504: 500: 499: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 465: 463: 460: 458: 457:General Staff 455: 454: 453: 452: 448: 447: 443: 439: 438: 435: 432: 431: 427:Military unit 421: 420:Georgy Zhukov 418: 412: 407: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 333: 332: 328: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 288: 278: 274: 270: 266: 259: 256: 255: 253: 249: 246: 243: 239: 236: 233: 229: 222: 221: 209: 205: 193: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 163: 158: 149: 144: 131: 127: 124: 116: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 80: 77: 74: 73: 67: 61: 59: 54:You can help 50: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 4133: 4120:Soviet Union 3928: 3914:27 September 3912:. Retrieved 3905:the original 3876: 3863: 3825: 3799: 3779: 3767: 3758: 3743: 3715: 3694: 3675: 3663:. Retrieved 3659:the original 3641: 3618: 3605: 3592: 3569: 3556: 3538:. Retrieved 3534: 3511: 3506: 3482: 3475:Bibliography 3460:. Retrieved 3444: 3432: 3417: 3412: 3400:. Retrieved 3393:the original 3388: 3375: 3366: 3342:Matlock 1995 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3225: 3197: 3190: 3178:. Retrieved 3166: 3157: 3145:. Retrieved 3138: 3129: 3117:. Retrieved 3110: 3101: 3089:. Retrieved 3074: 3052:. Retrieved 3045:the original 3031: 3008: 3004: 2998: 2973: 2967: 2954: 2926: 2919: 2907:. Retrieved 2900:the original 2867:. Retrieved 2863:the original 2853: 2828: 2820: 2806: 2787: 2781: 2769:. Retrieved 2760: 2748:. Retrieved 2739: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2649:Suvorov 1982 2644: 2632: 2620: 2608:. Retrieved 2604: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2560:26 September 2558:. Retrieved 2544: 2539:, p. 1. 2532: 2520: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2452: 2448: 2411:Tsouras 1994 2406: 2397: 2388: 2376: 2347: 2341: 2326: 2290: 2278: 2271:Suvorov 1982 2266: 2257: 2237: 2230: 2164: 2023: 1710:, and 4,500 1682:over 50,000 1675:About 1,000 1627: 1581: 1550: 1537:Transnistria 1527:remained in 1517:Turkmenistan 1494: 1479: 1425: 1402: 1390: 1387:Dmitri Yazov 1384: 1367: 1360: 1258: 1245: 1241: 1220: 1184: 1165: 1132: 1125: 1101:F-4 Phantoms 1093:Soviet Union 1090: 1076:flying from 1074:B-52 bombers 1067: 1015:World War II 1008: 959: 900: 889:Army General 866: 859: 854:dedovshchina 852: 849: 788: 749: 738: 711: 678:World War II 671: 639:Soviet Union 636: 615: 608: 606: 603:Soviet Army. 602: 592:land warfare 569: 567: 474: 245:Land warfare 210: 204:Soviet Union 105:edit summary 96: 63: 55: 36: 4181:Soviet Army 4134:Soviet Army 4033:–1721 4031: 1550 4002: 1700 3996:Landed Army 3665:9 September 3535:www.ojp.gov 3013:L'Harmattan 1897:9K52 Luna-M 1668:beyond the 1652:L/M, 4,900 1049:Vietnam War 1043:Kim Il Sung 1039:South Korea 962:Warsaw Pact 925: [ 918:Tank Troops 910: [ 881:Army Groups 780:Port Arthur 632:Soviet Navy 475:Soviet Army 356:Vietnam War 330:Engagements 268:Nickname(s) 223:(1991–1992) 207:(1946–1991) 146:Soviet Army 18:Soviet army 4175:Categories 4103:White Army 3653:(Report). 3389:World Bank 3054:4 February 2946:1258040790 2283:Urban 1985 2193:References 2079:Ivan Konev 2070:Ivan Konev 1893:OTR-23 Oka 1584:World Bank 1565:Tajikistan 1561:Azerbaijan 1551:After the 1529:Tajikistan 1521:Kyrgyzstan 1513:Kazakhstan 1509:Uzbekistan 1501:Azerbaijan 1452:Scaleboard 1440:Kazakhstan 1426:After the 1196:deployment 1005:Korean War 726:Korean War 721:Ivan Konev 707:battalions 699:Tank Corps 637:After the 628:Air Forces 590:) was the 488:Air Forces 449:Components 416:commanders 409:Commanders 381:Ogaden War 341:Korean War 271:"Red Army" 60:in Russian 3849:978161722 3750:MacMillan 3597:Brassey's 3574:Brassey's 3561:Brassey's 3462:25 August 3359:Hamm 2011 3318:Odom 1998 3306:Odom 1998 3294:Odom 1998 3282:Odom 1998 3175:0882-7729 2731:605327300 2673:Odom 1998 2661:Odom 1998 2610:18 August 2525:Odom 1998 2513:Odom 1998 2501:Odom 1998 2426:Odom 1998 2177:romanized 2117:, 1985–89 2111:, 1980–85 2099:, 1960–64 2093:, 1957–60 2087:, 1956–57 2081:, 1955–56 2072:, 1946–50 2042:ethnicity 2006:Mil Mi-10 2002:Mil Mi-26 1994:Mil Mi-28 1990:Mil Mi-24 1986:Mil Mi-17 1963:25mm 72-K 1904:2K11 Krug 1660:, 10,600 1598:Equipment 1573:terrorist 1392:Izvestiya 1200:40th Army 1151:espionage 1111:in 1991, 1105:Thanh Hóa 1041:in 1950, 991:Politburo 989:from the 776:39th Army 703:regiments 682:divisions 581:romanized 304:Equipment 180:Disbanded 123:talk page 4128:Red Army 4109:Red Army 4025:Streltsy 3862:(1977). 3778:(1985). 3742:(1982). 3640:(1998). 3616:(1995). 3540:13 March 3217:28798156 3180:20 April 3140:BBC News 3119:22 March 3112:BBC News 2990:12317412 2771:20 April 2750:20 April 2537:Orr 2003 2134:See also 2050:Komsomol 2018:Mil Mi-8 2014:Mil Mi-2 1998:Mil Mi-6 1988:; 1,420 1982:Mil Mi-8 1959:AZP S-60 1944:ZSU-57-2 1940:ZSU-23-4 1912:9K33 Osa 1908:2K12 Kub 1814:, 2,325 1779:, 1,200 1775:, 1,693 1767:, 1,007 1759:, 1,700 1755:, 1,175 1656:, 8,500 1577:al-Qaeda 1357:uniform. 1355:Afghanka 1249:Afgantsy 1176:Pakistan 1143:Vostok 1 1099:at U.S. 885:Ulan-Ude 869:Cold War 838:Cold War 832:Alma-Ata 662:Caucasus 610:Red Army 470:Red Army 276:Motto(s) 99:provide 32:Red Army 3402:3 April 3091:14 July 2368:1888505 2354:: 811. 2016:and 80 1846:), and 1708:BTR-152 1662:T-54/55 1557:Armenia 1541:Moldova 1533:Georgia 1505:Armenia 1467:Ukraine 1463:Belarus 1417:Ukraine 1413:Belarus 1375:Hungary 1363:economy 1198:of the 1078:Okinawa 983:nuclear 816:Romania 808:Hungary 674:the end 652:of the 597:of the 414:Notable 188:Country 172:Founded 121:to the 103:in the 62:. 3847: 3837: 3786: 3728: 3701: 3682: 3626: 3580: 3518: 3493: 3424: 3259:(#21). 3215: 3205: 3173: 3147:1 July 3082: 3019: 2988: 2944: 2934: 2909:1 June 2869:26 May 2841: 2794: 2729: 2719: 2366: 2245: 1984:; 290 1973:, and 1942:, and 1934:, 130 1926:, 860 1918:, 300 1914:, 430 1910:, 950 1906:, 850 1902:1,350 1895:, and 1877:, and 1861:, 123 1857:, 818 1840:ASU-85 1834:, 108 1826:, 430 1822:, 347 1818:, 507 1803:, and 1783:, 478 1771:, 857 1763:, 598 1746:BRDM-2 1737:, and 1704:BTR-50 1696:BTR-60 1692:BTR-70 1688:BTR-80 1523:. Now- 1415:, and 1409:Russia 1062:leader 953:; the 949:; the 920:; the 877:Fronts 873:Armies 818:. The 784:Dalian 697:. The 616:armiya 296:Colors 217: 201: 3990:Rynda 3908:(PDF) 3901:(PDF) 3510:[ 3487:Tomsk 3457:(PDF) 3450:SIPRI 3396:(PDF) 3385:(PDF) 3234:(PDF) 3048:(PDF) 3041:(PDF) 3007:[ 2964:(PDF) 2903:(PDF) 2896:(PDF) 2364:JSTOR 2350:(4). 2156:Notes 1975:KS-19 1951:ZU-23 1930:, 20 1922:, 70 1879:BM-14 1875:BM-25 1871:TOS-1 1867:BM-24 1865:, 18 1863:BM-30 1859:BM-27 1855:BM-21 1830:, 20 1777:ML-20 1739:BMD-3 1735:BMD-2 1731:BMD-1 1727:BMP-3 1723:BMP-2 1719:BMP-1 1712:MT-LB 1700:BTR-D 1677:PT-76 1204:Kabul 941:(see 929:] 914:] 754:from 83:DeepL 3916:2022 3845:OCLC 3835:ISBN 3784:ISBN 3726:ISBN 3699:ISBN 3680:ISBN 3667:2010 3624:ISBN 3578:ISBN 3542:2022 3516:ISBN 3491:ISBN 3464:2020 3422:ISBN 3404:2010 3213:OCLC 3203:ISBN 3182:2023 3171:ISSN 3149:2013 3121:2009 3093:2015 3080:ISBN 3056:2007 3017:ISBN 2986:PMID 2942:OCLC 2932:ISBN 2911:2018 2871:2010 2839:ISBN 2835:93–4 2792:ISBN 2773:2023 2752:2023 2727:OCLC 2717:ISBN 2612:2023 2562:2022 2301:help 2243:ISBN 2046:CPSU 2024:The 1971:52-K 1967:61-K 1885:Scud 1832:2S19 1805:BS-3 1801:T-12 1797:D-44 1793:D-48 1789:D-74 1781:M-30 1769:2A36 1765:2A65 1761:D-20 1757:M-46 1753:D-30 1658:T-62 1654:T-64 1650:T-72 1646:T-80 1630:IISS 1622:and 1592:AKMs 1563:and 1539:(in 1535:and 1519:and 1450:and 1448:Scud 1373:and 1208:coup 1180:Iran 1178:and 1149:and 1133:The 1128:APCs 1091:The 1082:Guam 1080:and 1033:and 1021:and 896:Baku 782:and 760:NKVD 756:Nazi 691:NKVD 568:The 493:Navy 251:Size 241:Role 235:Army 231:Type 97:must 95:You 76:View 3833:). 3722:142 2978:doi 2356:doi 1955:ZPU 1848:2S9 1828:2S4 1824:2S7 1820:2S5 1816:2S3 1812:2S1 1785:B-4 1773:D-1 1543:). 1135:KGB 806:in 676:of 672:At 220:CIS 85:or 4177:: 4028:c. 3999:c. 3843:. 3831:de 3748:. 3724:. 3533:. 3485:. 3387:. 3349:^ 3255:. 3211:. 3169:. 3165:. 3137:. 3109:. 3064:^ 2984:. 2974:10 2972:. 2966:. 2940:. 2879:^ 2837:. 2725:. 2603:. 2433:^ 2418:^ 2362:. 2348:71 2346:. 2340:. 2309:^ 2201:^ 2174:, 1969:, 1965:, 1961:, 1953:, 1938:, 1891:, 1887:, 1873:, 1869:, 1838:, 1799:, 1795:, 1791:, 1733:, 1725:, 1721:, 1706:, 1702:, 1698:, 1694:, 1690:, 1559:, 1531:, 1515:, 1511:, 1507:, 1503:, 1411:, 1365:. 1182:. 973:, 927:ru 912:ru 664:. 578:, 3968:e 3961:t 3954:v 3918:. 3885:. 3872:. 3851:. 3792:. 3752:. 3734:. 3707:. 3688:. 3669:. 3632:. 3586:. 3544:. 3524:. 3499:. 3466:. 3406:. 3361:. 3344:. 3257:1 3240:. 3219:. 3184:. 3151:. 3123:. 3095:. 3058:. 3025:. 2992:. 2980:: 2948:. 2913:. 2873:. 2847:. 2800:. 2733:. 2614:. 2564:. 2370:. 2358:: 2303:) 2285:. 2251:. 2179:: 2020:. 1977:. 1850:. 1748:. 1714:. 1394:, 1247:" 931:( 612:. 583:: 557:e 550:t 543:v 132:. 125:. 34:. 20:)

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