208:. The Waffle manifesto stated, "A socialist society must be one in which there is democratic control of all institutions, which have a major effect on men's lives and where there is equal opportunity for creative non-exploitative self-development. It is now time to go beyond the welfare state." According to the manifesto, "The New Democratic Party must provide leadership in the struggle to extend working men's influence into every area of industrial decision-making.... By bringing men together primarily as buyers and sellers of each other, by enshrining profitability and material gain in place of humanity and spiritual growth, capitalism has always been inherently alienating. Today, sheer size combined with modern technology further exaggerates man's sense of insignificance and impotence. A socialist transformation of society will return to man his sense of humanity, to replace his sense of being a commodity. But a socialist democracy implies man's control of his immediate environment as well, and in any strategy for building socialism, community democracy is as vital as the struggle for electoral success."
933:
315:
Lewis remained hostile; in 1972, he described the Waffle as "an encumbrance around my neck". Then at the NDP's
Provincial Council on 24 June, Lewis obtained a resolution ordering the Waffle to disband or else leave the NDP. Debate on the motion lasted for three hours, with labour leaders leading the
250:
Another possible origin for the name comes from a film-clip excerpt from a CBC documentary on the NDP, taken during a meeting of the group some months prior to the
October 1969 NDP Winnipeg convention. According to the film excerpt, the Waffle term appears to have originated with Jim Laxer when he
324:
Some members of the Waffle remained New
Democrats; however, Laxer and Watkins accepted Lewis's ultimatum and quit the NDP in 1972. They continued the Waffle under the name the Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada, but it was still commonly referred to as the Waffle. The group existed until
265:
The 1971 NDP leadership convention was a battleground between the party establishment and the Waffle. About 2,000 people, out of the NDP's approximately 90,000 membership, were members of the Waffle in 1971. The Waffle tried to get as many of their supporters onto the party's governing bodies, but
283:
against James Laxer. Through the strong support of the labour unions, Lewis succeeded in defeating Laxer on the fourth ballot on April 24. Laxer won approximately 37 percent of the final ballot vote, and established that the Waffle had some strength in the party and were no longer a small fringe
1128:
1123:
211:
The Waffle developed a
Canadian nationalist policy. According to the founding manifesto, "The major threat to Canadian survival today is American control of the Canadian economy. The major issue of our times is not national unity but national survival."
203:
and, with support in the NDP caucus and membership, worked to push the party leftward. The Waffle supported the nationalization of
Canadian industries to take them out of the hands of American interests. The group was endorsed by the
278:
and lost to him during the April 23rd vote. University of
Toronto professor Mel Watkins lost his vice-president position, but managed to get elected to the party's federal council. The campaign for leader of the NDP pitted
251:
stated, "in terms of the proposed manifesto, that if it doesn't talk about nationalization of key industries, it becomes a 'waffle document.'" The term "waffle" was picked up by subsequent speakers in the discussion.
232:
said "that if they had to choose between waffling to the left and waffling to the right, they waffle to the left." "The Waffle
Manifesto" was the published headline of Jean Howarth's editorial piece in
1242:
585:
171:(NDP) in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It later transformed into an independent political party, with little electoral success before it permanently disbanded in the mid-1970s. It was generally a
1257:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
357:
Many of its leaders eventually came back into the party and held important positions within it, which also shaped many of the NDP's policies in the 1980s through to the early 21st century.
1307:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1292:
312:(son of national NDP leader David Lewis), Penner lost by only 55 votes. The Waffle considered this a success, because in the 1967 election, the NDP candidate lost by over 1,400 votes.
1098:
1227:
1463:
1237:
1262:
1247:
896:
1232:
901:
1551:
1252:
1222:
593:
292:
During the leadership convention, the Waffle was described in the press as a "party within a party." One of the last hurrahs for the Waffle came during the
1426:
1458:
1441:
1586:
1431:
1531:
1453:
1436:
1416:
850:
784:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
260:
200:
865:
1546:
305:
316:
charge to expel the Waffle. Finally, the council approved the anti-Waffle motion 217 to 86, thereby ending months of public feuding.
1581:
1017:
1446:
1421:
906:
301:
1473:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1536:
1335:
835:
333:
electoral district in
Toronto, placing fourth in a field of seven with 673 votes and only 1.26 percent of the popular vote.
1541:
1366:
891:
247:, and was also a co-signer of the manifesto. When Laxer and other members of the group read the headline, they adopted it.
913:
493:
Goldblatt, Murray (1971-04-24). "Block of union delegates aids establishment to fend off Waffle drive for party offices".
1406:
638:
140:
845:
777:
346:
977:
870:
736:
709:
280:
1199:
855:
840:
1493:
1488:
376:
1510:
683:
205:
76:
1561:
1556:
1384:
770:
293:
1498:
860:
830:
342:
297:
266:
were rebuked by the large bloc of rank-and-file union voters at the convention. Carol
Gudmundson — of the
94:
1468:
180:
394:
918:
875:
693:
221:
274:
Waffle — ran unsuccessfully for the party presidency. She was up against former
Ontario NDP leader
1401:
1411:
1341:
1204:
752:
366:
20:
675:
757:
395:
Labour and the Waffle – Unions Confront Canadian Left Nationalism in the New Democratic Party
112:
345:'s youth wing in 1972, which was not revived until 1988. The federal NDP also disbanded the
228:, has the name originating during the drafting of the group's manifesto when, at one point,
1378:
814:
793:
326:
176:
168:
108:
104:
100:
8:
275:
145:
1483:
417:
235:
135:
120:
987:
732:
721:
705:
679:
664:
630:
666:
Socialism in Canada : a study of the CCF-NDP in federal and provincial politics
1372:
954:
530:
1160:
992:
528:
Toronto Bureau (1971-10-19). "121 candidates trying for 35 Metro and area jobs".
325:
the Canadian federal election in 1974, when it unsuccessfully ran candidates for
1505:
1189:
960:
371:
618:
449:
1525:
1194:
1007:
972:
634:
309:
1478:
1359:
1177:
982:
349:
for a period in late 1971 after a local Waffle group gained control of it.
271:
229:
40:
19:
This article is about the Canadian political movement. For other uses, see
1329:
1002:
997:
966:
614:
570:
Hoy, Claire (1972-06-26). "Waffle decides to defy NDP order to disband".
240:
196:
192:
50:
45:
1155:
762:
548:
Toronto Bureau (1971-10-22). "Radical Waffler fails by just 55 votes".
308:. Despite the public infighting between Penner and Ontario NDP leader
1183:
1171:
330:
267:
932:
1165:
172:
125:
758:
Origins of the International Socialists, an offshoot of the Waffle
728:
701:
671:
191:
The group formed in 1969. Its leaders were university professors
239:
on September 6, 1969. Howarth heard about the waffle line from
164:
220:
The name was meant ironically; one story, quoted in historian
341:
The dispute over the Waffle led to the disbanding of the
607:
578:
444:
442:
440:
319:
592:. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
415:
Howarth, Jean (1969-09-06). "The Waffle Manifesto".
254:
296:. The Waffle's Ontario chairman, Steve Penner, was
720:
663:
586:"History of Federal Ridings Since 1867: York West"
543:
541:
437:
565:
563:
561:
559:
513:Bain, George (1971-04-26). "A tough row to hoe".
287:
1523:
538:
336:
556:
547:
527:
521:
778:
261:1971 New Democratic Party leadership election
215:
201:Manifesto for an Independent Socialist Canada
16:Radical wing of Canada's New Democratic Party
1552:History of the New Democratic Party (Canada)
1464:Members of provincial/territorial assemblies
161:Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada
33:Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada
508:
506:
504:
488:
486:
484:
482:
430:
428:
785:
771:
661:
329:in the federal election. Laxer ran in the
492:
1587:Political parties disestablished in 1974
792:
501:
479:
425:
294:October 1971 Ontario provincial election
613:
414:
408:
399:
382:
1524:
692:
1532:Political parties established in 1969
766:
718:
1367:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
892:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
723:Unfinished Journey: The Lewis Family
512:
569:
13:
1547:Political party factions in Canada
320:Independent party: end of the road
175:youth movement that espoused both
163:after 1972) was a radical wing of
14:
1598:
746:
255:1971 Ottawa leadership convention
1582:1974 disestablishments in Canada
1243:Newfoundland & Labrador 2023
931:
641:from the original on 2013-10-29
377:National Party of Canada (1979)
1511:New Democratic Party of Quebec
470:
388:
288:The Waffle's demise in Ontario
77:New Democratic Party of Canada
1:
1577:1969 establishments in Canada
1572:Nationalist parties in Canada
1567:Left-wing nationalist parties
1537:Political movements in Canada
1474:Labour candidates and parties
655:
1489:Canada's Young New Democrats
698:The New Democrats: 1961-1986
337:Effect on NDP youth movement
186:
7:
1542:Socialist parties in Canada
574:. Toronto. pp. 01, 03.
360:
181:Quebec sovereignty movement
10:
1603:
617:(November–December 2009).
258:
216:Origins of the Waffle name
18:
1394:
1351:
1316:
1275:
1258:Prince Edward Island 2022
1213:
1148:
1141:
1069:
1016:
947:
940:
929:
884:
851:Newfoundland and Labrador
823:
807:
800:
704:: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd.
662:Avakumovic, Ivan (1978).
352:
159:(officially known as the
131:
119:
93:
83:
72:
64:
56:
39:
28:
1402:Canadian Labour Congress
1352:Key documents and events
824:Provincial / Territorial
476:Avakumovic, pp. 231, 237
179:and solidarity with the
1412:List of CCF/NDP members
1385:Statement of Principles
1342:New Politics Initiative
1214:Upcoming or most recent
719:Smith, Cameron (1989).
367:New Politics Initiative
121:Political position
21:Waffle (disambiguation)
1070:Parliamentary election
676:McClelland and Stewart
629:(6). Winnipeg: 15–16.
552:. Toronto. p. 13.
534:. Toronto. p. 10.
497:. Toronto. p. 10.
1459:Members of Parliament
1228:British Columbia 2022
517:. Toronto. p. 6.
450:"Waffle meeting 1969"
434:Smith (1989), p. 579.
421:. Toronto. p. 6.
405:Morton (1986), p. 92.
243:, who also worked at
113:Left-wing nationalism
1562:Canadian nationalism
1557:Democratic socialism
1379:Winnipeg Declaration
1216:leadership elections
1018:Leadership elections
866:Prince Edward Island
815:New Democratic Party
794:New Democratic Party
753:The Waffle Manifesto
731:: Summerhill Press.
619:"Once Upon a Waffle"
590:Parliament of Canada
383:References and notes
206:New Democratic Youth
177:Canadian nationalism
169:New Democratic Party
109:Quebec sovereigntism
105:Canadian nationalism
101:Democratic socialism
276:Donald C. MacDonald
1238:New Brunswick 2023
623:Canadian Dimension
515:The Globe and Mail
495:The Globe and Mail
418:The Globe and Mail
245:The Globe and Mail
236:The Globe and Mail
136:Politics of Canada
1519:
1518:
1271:
1270:
1263:Saskatchewan 2022
1137:
1136:
927:
926:
347:New Brunswick NDP
306:Dovercourt riding
226:The New Democrats
154:
153:
141:Political parties
1594:
1422:British Columbia
1373:Regina Manifesto
1336:Socialist Caucus
1248:Nova Scotia 2022
1146:
1145:
1142:Provincial level
945:
944:
935:
836:British Columbia
805:
804:
787:
780:
773:
764:
763:
742:
726:
715:
689:
669:
650:
649:
647:
646:
611:
605:
604:
602:
601:
582:
576:
575:
572:The Toronto Star
567:
554:
553:
550:The Toronto Star
545:
536:
535:
531:The Toronto Star
525:
519:
518:
510:
499:
498:
490:
477:
474:
468:
467:
465:
464:
454:
446:
435:
432:
423:
422:
412:
406:
403:
397:
392:
115:
26:
25:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1390:
1347:
1312:
1308:44th Parliament
1303:43rd Parliament
1298:42nd Parliament
1293:41st Parliament
1288:40th Parliament
1283:39th Parliament
1276:Shadow cabinets
1267:
1215:
1209:
1149:Current leaders
1133:
1071:
1065:
1012:
936:
923:
880:
819:
796:
791:
749:
739:
712:
694:Morton, Desmond
686:
658:
653:
644:
642:
612:
608:
599:
597:
584:
583:
579:
568:
557:
546:
539:
526:
522:
511:
502:
491:
480:
475:
471:
462:
460:
459:. YouTube. 1969
452:
448:
447:
438:
433:
426:
413:
409:
404:
400:
393:
389:
385:
363:
355:
339:
322:
290:
263:
257:
218:
189:
150:
111:
107:
103:
99:
73:Split from
48:
35:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1600:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1506:Leap Manifesto
1503:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:United Farmers
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1338:(1998–present)
1333:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
958:
951:
949:
942:
938:
937:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
911:
910:
909:
904:
899:
888:
886:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
825:
821:
820:
818:
817:
811:
809:
802:
798:
797:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
761:
760:
755:
748:
747:External links
745:
744:
743:
737:
716:
710:
700:(3 ed.).
690:
684:
657:
654:
652:
651:
606:
577:
555:
537:
520:
500:
478:
469:
436:
424:
407:
398:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
374:
372:Leap Manifesto
369:
362:
359:
354:
351:
338:
335:
321:
318:
300:candidate for
289:
286:
259:Main article:
256:
253:
222:Desmond Morton
217:
214:
199:. It issued a
188:
185:
152:
151:
149:
148:
143:
138:
132:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
97:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
43:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Manitoba 2017
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1205:K. White – YT
1203:
1201:
1200:A. White – NB
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
943:
941:Federal level
939:
934:
920:
917:
915:
912:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
889:
887:
883:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
846:New Brunswick
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
822:
816:
813:
812:
810:
806:
803:
799:
795:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
740:
738:0-929091-04-3
734:
730:
725:
724:
717:
713:
711:0-7730-4618-6
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
681:
677:
673:
668:
667:
660:
659:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
610:
596:on 2012-10-23
595:
591:
587:
581:
573:
566:
564:
562:
560:
551:
544:
542:
533:
532:
524:
516:
509:
507:
505:
496:
489:
487:
485:
483:
473:
458:
451:
445:
443:
441:
431:
429:
420:
419:
411:
402:
396:
391:
387:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
358:
350:
348:
344:
334:
332:
328:
317:
313:
311:
310:Stephen Lewis
307:
303:
299:
295:
285:
282:
277:
273:
269:
262:
252:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:
231:
227:
223:
213:
209:
207:
202:
198:
194:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
47:
44:
42:
38:
27:
22:
1479:Ginger Group
1427:Saskatchewan
1365:Founding of
1360:Ginger Group
1358:Creation of
1323:
1253:Ontario 2023
1223:Alberta 2024
1182:
1170:
1161:Chender – NS
871:Saskatchewan
722:
697:
665:
643:. Retrieved
626:
622:
615:Watkins, Mel
609:
598:. Retrieved
594:the original
589:
580:
571:
549:
529:
523:
514:
494:
472:
461:. Retrieved
456:
416:
410:
401:
390:
356:
340:
323:
314:
291:
272:Saskatchewan
264:
249:
244:
234:
230:Ed Broadbent
225:
219:
210:
190:
160:
156:
155:
87:
1442:Nova Scotia
1344:(2001–2004)
1332:(1979–1994)
1330:Left Caucus
1326:(1969–1972)
1195:Nenshi – AB
1190:Neill – PEI
1178:Stiles – ON
856:Nova Scotia
801:Party wings
343:Ontario NDP
298:Ontario NDP
281:David Lewis
241:Hugh Winsor
197:James Laxer
193:Mel Watkins
88:Waffle News
51:James Laxer
46:Mel Watkins
1526:Categories
1454:Presidents
1324:The Waffle
1184:Kinew – MB
1072:candidates
988:McLaughlin
955:Woodsworth
885:Historical
685:077100978X
656:References
645:2012-05-16
600:2012-05-16
463:2009-12-05
327:Parliament
157:The Waffle
31:The Waffle
1484:New Party
1166:Dinn – NL
1156:Beck – SK
993:McDonough
983:Broadbent
635:0008-3402
331:York West
304:from the
268:Saskatoon
187:Formation
146:Elections
84:Newspaper
65:Dissolved
1432:Manitoba
1395:See also
1317:Factions
1172:Eby – BC
961:Coldwell
897:Manitoba
841:Manitoba
696:(1986).
639:Archived
457:CBC News
361:See also
224:'s book
173:New Left
126:Far-left
95:Ideology
1499:Ontario
1494:Alberta
1437:Ontario
1417:Alberta
1407:History
1003:Mulcair
973:Douglas
948:Leaders
919:Toronto
902:Ontario
861:Ontario
831:Alberta
808:Federal
729:Toronto
702:Toronto
672:Toronto
453:(video)
284:group.
57:Founded
1387:(1983)
1381:(1956)
1375:(1933)
1369:(1932)
1362:(1924)
998:Layton
914:Quebec
907:Quebec
735:
708:
682:
633:
353:Legacy
165:Canada
79:(1972)
41:Leader
1447:Yukon
1008:Singh
978:Lewis
969:(CCF)
967:Argue
963:(CCF)
957:(CCF)
876:Yukon
1129:2021
1124:2019
1119:2015
1114:2011
1109:2008
1104:2006
1099:2004
1094:2000
1089:1997
1084:1993
1079:1988
1061:2017
1056:2012
1051:2003
1046:1995
1041:1989
1036:1975
1031:1971
1026:1961
733:ISBN
706:ISBN
680:ISBN
631:ISSN
195:and
68:1974
60:1969
49:and
302:MPP
167:'s
1528::
727:.
678:.
674::
670:.
637:.
627:43
625:.
621:.
588:.
558:^
540:^
503:^
481:^
455:.
439:^
427:^
270:,
183:.
786:e
779:t
772:v
741:.
714:.
688:.
648:.
603:.
466:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.