Quebec sovereignty movement

3515:: "(they) are not nations that can be yanked out of Canada against their will by a provincial majority.... With few exceptions (they) wish to enjoy their right to self-government within Canada, not within a sovereign Quebec." International human rights expert Erica-Irene Daes says the change "will leave the most marginalized and excluded of all the world's peoples without a legal, peaceful weapon to press for genuine democracy...." This concern is connected to the claim that if Quebec were to be considered its own autonomous nation-state then it need not honour the treaties and agreements that were signed between First Nations and the British and French Crowns and are now maintained by the Canadian federal government. Concern for this may stem from perception of neo-colonial or eurocentric attitudes in the leadership of former Quebec premiers, such as 1506: 1855:

follows to the first hard line question of "Do you believe that Quebec should become a country separate from Canada?" 34% replied yes, 54% said no, and 13% were unsure. To the less clear question of "Do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new economic and political partnership within a scope of the bill respecting the future of Quebec?" support for separation increased to 40% yes, the no vote still led with 41%, and the unsure increased to 19%. The most startling revelation of the poll was in the fact that only 20% or 1 in 5 polled believed that Quebec would ever separate from Canada.

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French-Canadian community in Massachusetts, so he had contact with Curé Morissette, who was also a convinced independentist. Kennedy drew parallels not with American independence, but with Irish independence, which was still quite recent (1922), as he himself was of Irish descent. It should be added that the Kennedy family were Francophiles, and that the future president militated for the self-determination of peoples in general. During his short term as President (1960-1963), however, Kennedy never publicly addressed this issue.

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Commons the power to decide whether a proposed referendum question was considered clear, and allowed it to decide whether a clear majority has expressed itself in any referendum. It is widely considered by sovereignists as an illegitimate piece of legislation, who asserted that Quebec alone had the right to determine its terms of secession. Chrétien considered the legislation among his most significant accomplishments.

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believe that Quebec does need greater sovereignty but should remain part of Canada. However the poll did reveal that a majority (79%) of Quebecers still desired to achieve more autonomy. The number one area of autonomy that those polled had hoped for was with regard to culture at 34%, the next highest areas of autonomy cherished were the economy at 32%, taxation at 26%, and immigration and the environment at 15% each.

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difficult economic times, as the barriers to trade between Canada and the United States were then very high. Quebec would have been a nation of 7 million people stuck between two impenetrable protectionist countries. In the event of having to compete against Quebec, rather than support it, Canada could easily maintain its well-established links with the United States to prosper in foreign trade.

1799:"Sovereignty-Association" is nowadays more often referred to simply as "sovereignty". However, in the 1995 Quebec referendum, in which the sovereignty option was narrowly rejected, the notion of some form of economic association with the rest of Canada was still envisaged (continuing use of the Canadian dollar and military, for example) and was referred to as "Sovereignty-Partnership" (French: 5320: 605:, began. During this period, French Canadians began to express an indigenous form of nationalism which emphasized their longstanding residence in North America. To most French Canadians, the only Canadians were the descendants of the French settlers of New France, while the British colonists were viewed as an extension of Britain. The period was briefly interrupted by the 3508:), and as citizens of Canada. The Cree have stated that a unilateral declaration of independence by Quebec would be a violation of fundamental principles of human rights, democracy and consent. If secession were to proceed, the Cree argue that they would seek protection through the Canadian courts as well as asserting Cree jurisdiction over its people and lands. 3743:: “The future of French Canada is independence. There will be a French Republic of Canada”. According to Alain Peyrefitte, “without prejudging the form that Quebec sovereignty was to take, de Gaulle, with that historic sense which earned France its salvation, went to Montreal in July 1967 to urge French Canadians to preserve their French identity, which, under 3442:. With regard to the creation of the sovereignist movement, language issues were but a sub-stratum of larger cultural, social and political differences. Many scholars point to historical events as framing the cause for ongoing support for sovereignty in Quebec, while more contemporary politicians may point to the aftermath of more recent developments like the 455:

sovereigntists cite is that if Quebec were independent, Québécois would have a national citizenship, which would solve the problem of Québécois cultural identity in the North American context (ex. who is a Québécois and who is not, what is uniquely Québécois, etc.). Another example is that by establishing an independent Quebec, sovereigntists believe that the

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referendum, Washington would have stated that “since Canadians have yet to work out their future constitutional arrangements, it is premature to consider the question of recognizing Quebec ”. Thus, it is thought that, in the event of independence, the United States would be passive and wait for Canada itself to recognize the Quebec state.

848:, as this section doesn't explain the events of the Quiet Revolution and how it made the modern sovereignist movement emerge. As such, the reader will understand the modern movement poorly and won't understand how it led to the referendums. The sentences here also fail to flow into each other to tell a cohesive series of events. 4028:, by Harry Turtledove, the United States collapsed in the 1800s due to the retention of the Articles of Confederation, with states becoming sovereign nations by the 2090s. Quebec is an independent country in the 2090s, although it is not mentioned whether it remained an independent entity or seceded from a Canadian union. 3751:

now Canada. We must have excellent relations with French Canada. But we should not congratulate Canadians or ourselves on the creation of a “state” based on our defeat in the past, and on the integration of part of the French people into a British entity. Incidentally, this whole has become quite precarious...”.

987:'s city hall during a state visit to Canada. In doing so, he deeply offended the federal government, and English Canadians felt he had demonstrated contempt for the sacrifice of Canadian soldiers who died on the battlefields of France in two world wars. The visit was cut short and de Gaulle left the country. 668:

unforeseen event, as we are offered from time to time in the course of the present times, provides us with a favorable opportunity to take our place among the independent sovereignties of America. We missed two great opportunities: let's all be prepared for a third. – 1837 Address of the Sons of Liberty

296: – a principle that includes the possibility of choosing between integration with a third state, political association with another state or independence – so that Québécois, collectively and by democratic means, give themselves a sovereign state with its own independent 3495:

from Akwsasne: "How can Quebec, with no economic base and no land base, ask to become sovereign? How can Quebec be a nation when they have no constitution? We have had a constitution since before the American revolution." Here the argument expresses the claim that the Mohawk nation has a greater case

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majority (78% of the provincial population) are threatened with assimilation by either the rest of Canada or, as in Metropolitan France, by Anglophone culture more generally, and that the best way to preserve language, identity and culture is via the creation of an independent political entity. Other

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would recognize a vote by any province to leave Canada. It required a majority of eligible voters for a vote to trigger secession talks, not merely a plurality of votes. In addition, the act requires a clear question of secession to initiate secession talks. Controversially, the act gave the House of

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The Parti Québécois won re-election despite losing the popular vote to Jean Charest and the Quebec Liberals. In the number of seats won by both sides, the election was almost a clone of the previous 1994 election. However, public support for sovereignty remained too low for the PQ to consider holding

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question differed from the 1980 question in that the negotiation of an association with Canada was now optional. The open-ended wording of the question resulted in significant confusion, particularly amongst the 'Yes' side, as to what exactly they were voting for. This was a primary motivator for the

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Accusations of an orchestrated effort of "election engineering" in several polling stations in areas with large numbers of non-francophone voters, which resulted in unusually large proportions of rejected ballots, were raised following the 1995 referendum. Afterward, testimony by PQ-appointed polling

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The hyphen between the words "sovereignty" and "association" was often stressed by Lévesque and other PQ members, to make it clear that both were inseparable. The reason stated was that if Canada decided to boycott Quebec exports after voting for independence, the new country would have to go through

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Lévesque expressly identified the EC as his model for forming a new relationship between sovereign Quebec and the rest of Canada, one that would loosen the political ties while preserving the economic links. The analogy, however, is counterproductive, suggesting Lévesque did not understand the nature

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The perfidious plans of the British authorities have broken all ties of sympathy with a motherland which shows itself to be insensitive. A separation has begun between parties whose union it will never be possible to cement again, but which will continue with increasing vigor, until an unexpected and

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is set in Toronto in the late 1970s and several characters watch and sometimes comment upon the elections and sovereignist movement in Quebec. The sovereignist movement and its struggles are metaphorically linked to the difficulties the characters in the novel have with separating their own personal

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Similarly, when the French ambassador in Ottawa suggested associating France with Canada's centenary, De Gaulle replied with an apostille dated December 6, 1966: “There is no question of my sending a message to Canada to celebrate its ‘centenary’. We can have good relations with the whole of what is

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An inquiry by the director-general of elections concluded in 2007 that at least $ 500,000 was spent by the federalist camp in violation of Quebec's election laws. This law imposes a limit on campaign spending by both option camps. Parizeau's statement was also an admission of failure by the Yes camp

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in June 2009 showed the support for Quebec separation was weaker at the time and separatism unlikely to occur in the near future. Polling data showed that 32% of Quebecers believe that Quebec had enough sovereignty and should remain part of Canada, 28% thought they should separate, and 30% say they

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This time, the sovereignists lost in a very close vote: 50.6 percent to 49.4 percent, or only 53,498 votes out of more than 4,700,000 votes cast. However, after the vote many within the sovereignist camp were very upset that the vote broke down heavily along language lines. Approximately 90 percent

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between Canada and Quebec, common tariffs against imports, and a common currency. In addition, joint political institutions would be established to administer these economic arrangements. But the sovereignist cause was hurt by the refusal of many politicians (most notably the premiers of several of

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At its seventh national convention from June 1 to 3, 1979, the sovereignist adopted their strategy for the coming referendum. The PQ then began an aggressive effort to promote sovereignty-association by providing details of how the economic relations with the rest of Canada would include free trade

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On October 31, 1962, the Comité de libération nationale and, in November of the same year, the Réseau de résistance were set up. These two groups were formed by RIN members to organize non-violent but illegal actions, such as vandalism and civil disobedience. The most extremist individuals of these

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patriotic song appropriated by the anglophone majority of Canada. An independent Quebec would also adequately and definitively resolve the issue of needing to protect the French language in Quebec; French is the language of the majority in Quebec, but since it is the language of a cultural minority

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includes both real and fictional Québécois separatist movements as integral to the plot. In the story, the United States has merged with Canada and Mexico to form the Organization of North American Nations (ONAN). Wheelchair-using Quebec separatists use a video so entertaining it leads to death to

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Through parliamentarism, Québécois currently possess a certain democratic control over the Quebec state. However, within the Canadian federation, Quebec does not have all the constitutional powers that would allow it to act as a true national government. Furthermore, the policies pursued by Quebec

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have also asserted for many years that they are a separate people with the right to self-determination recognized under international law. They argue that no annexation of them or their territory to an independent Quebec should take place without their consent, and that if Quebec has the right to

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The 2009 Angus Reid poll also revealed some effects of the Clarity Act in which they asked two questions, one a straightforward question for a separate nation, and the other a more muddled version on separation similar to the one posed in the 1995 referendum. The data on the questions revealed as

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nations did partially support Quebec sovereignty. In 1985, 59 percent of Quebec's Inuit population, 56 percent of the Attikamek population, and 49 percent of the Montagnais population voted in favour of the Sovereignist Parti Québécois party. That year, three out of every four native reservations

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on sovereignty-association. René Lévesque developed the idea of sovereignty-association to reduce the fear that an independent Quebec would face tough economic times. In fact, this proposal did result in an increase in support for a sovereign Quebec: polls at the time showed that people were more

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Sovereignty-association as originally proposed would have meant that Quebec would become a politically independent state, but would maintain a formal association with Canada — especially regarding economic affairs. It was part of the 1976 sovereignist platform which swept the Parti Québécois into

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took off, with René Lévesque as one of its most recognizable figures. Various strategies were implemented since its rise, and it constitutes a continuity in French-speaking nationalism in North America. Now the patriotism is Quebec-focused, and the identifier has been changed from French-Canadian

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discuss the nearby province of Quebec. Stanley muses that, being culturally French, the Québécois people would want to split off from the N.A.U. to become part of the Franco-Spanish Holy Alliance. However, the Francophobia of the Sons of Liberty prevents them from effectively joining forces with

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is said to be the only American politician open to this prospect. In the 1950s, Armand Morissette, the parish priest of Lowell, Massachusetts, informed him of the existence of an independence movement in Quebec. In order to gain access to the Senate, Kennedy wanted to win the votes of the large

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The idea of Quebec sovereignty is based on a nationalist vision and interpretation of historical facts and sociological realities in Quebec, which attest to the existence of a Québécois people and a Quebec nation. On November 27, 2006, the House of Commons of Canada adopted, by 266 votes to 16,

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are used to describe people adhering to this movement, although the latter term is perceived as pejorative by those concerned as it de-emphasizes that the sovereignty project aims to achieve political independence without severing economic connections with Canada. Most of the prime ministers of

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of all origins voted "Yes". (82 percent of Quebecers are Francophone.) Later inquiries into irregularities determined that abuses had occurred on both sides: some argue that some "No" ballots had been rejected without valid reasons, and the October 27 "No" rally had evaded spending limitations

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The United States has officially always maintained a neutral attitude towards Quebec independence. However, since the relationship between Canada and the United States is privileged at various levels, the status quo is desired. In the event of a victory for the independence option in the 1995

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conducted a poll on the question. When asked whether they would vote Yes or No in the event of a referendum, 41% of the respondents said they would vote Yes. In 2011, the sovereignist movement splintered, with several new parties being formed by disaffected politicians, with some politicians

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reads, "We, the people of Quebec, declare it our own will to be in full possession of all the powers of a state; to levy all our taxes, to vote on all our laws, to sign all our treaties and to exercise the highest power of all, conceiving, and controlling, by ourselves, our fundamental law."

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were supplanted by waves of British immigrants, notably outside of Quebec (where they became a minority) but within the province as well, as much of the province's economy was dominated by English-Canadians. The cause of Québécois nationalism, which waxed and waned over two centuries, gained

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Although Quebec's independence movement is a political movement, cultural and social concerns that are much older than the sovereignist movement, as well as Quebecers' national identity, are also at the base for the desire to emancipate Quebec's population. One of the main cultural arguments

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to govern the wording of any future referendum questions and the conditions under which a vote for sovereignty would be recognized as legitimate. Federal Liberal politicians stated that the ambiguous wording of the 1995 referendum question was the primary impetus in the bill's drafting.

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federal cabinet minister Lucien Bouchard. Several PC and Liberal members of the federal parliament left their parties to form the BQ. For the first time, the PQ supported pro-sovereigntist forces running in federal elections; during his lifetime Lévesque had always opposed such a move.

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is the period beginning after the defeat of the Patriotes in the rebellions of 1837–1838 and lasting until the Quiet Revolution. It concerns the survival strategies employment by the French-Canadian nation and the ultramontane of the Catholic Church following the enactment of the

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The type of association between an independent Quebec and the rest of Canada was described as a monetary and customs union as well as joint political institutions to administer the relations between the two countries. The main inspiration for this project was the then-emerging

1533:(native speakers of neither English nor French) in immigrant communities and first-generation descendants. The lowest support for the Yes side came from Mohawk, Cree, and Inuit voters in Quebec, some first Nations chiefs asserted their right to self-determination with the 414:

unanimously adopted a motion recognizing "the positive character" of the motion adopted by Ottawa and proclaiming that said motion did not diminish "the inalienable rights, the constitutional powers and the privileges of the “National Assembly and of the Quebec nation”.

3856:, depicts a meeting between the president of Quebec and the prime minister of Canada to discuss a crisis involving Quebec military occupations of parts of Ontario and New Brunswick. Canada's armed forces are stretched thin with peacekeepers in such varied places as the 1892:

to more strongly entrench French as the sole official language. In response to this, the Bloc Québécois initiated a motion in the House of Commons endorsing the constitutionality of Legault's initiatives. The Commons passed the motion 281–2. There were 36 abstentions.

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The Quiet Revolution in Quebec brought widespread change in the 1960s. Among other changes, support for Quebec independence began to form and grow in some circles. The first organization dedicated to the independence of Quebec was the Alliance Laurentienne, founded by

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and purpose of the European Community nor the relationship between economics and politics that continue to underpin it. Advocates of European integration had, from the outset, seen political union as a desirable and natural consequence of economic integration.

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in New England and Northeastern Ontario among other places. It led to the creation of permanent resistance movements in those new locations. Groups of nationalists outside Quebec have since then promoted Quebec's cultural identity, along with that of the

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One study found that Quebec's separatist governments did not have a large negative impact on Quebec's economy – as sometimes seen with other independence movements in other countries – possibly due to a lack of violence.

690:, a phlegmatic character was adopted in response to the mass immigration of English-speaking immigrants. Some French Canadians left Quebec during this period in search of job security and protection of their culture. This phenomenon, known as the 1134:, the PQ won 71 seats — a majority in the National Assembly. With voting turnouts high, 41.4 percent of the electorate voted for the PQ. Prior to the election, the PQ renounced its intention to implement sovereignty-association if it won power. 950:

The historical context of the time was a period when many former European colonies were becoming independent. Some advocates of Quebec independence saw Quebec's situation in a similar light; numerous activists were influenced by the writings of

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and if its inhabitants not only govern themselves through independent democratic political institutions, but are also free to establish external relations and makes international treaties without the federal government of Canada being involved.

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leave Canada then the Cree people have the right to choose to keep their territory in Canada. Cree arguments generally do not claim the right to secede from Canada; rather, the Cree see themselves as a people bound to Canada by treaty (see the

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with a stronger majority than in 1976, obtaining 49.2 percent of the vote and winning 80 seats. However, they did not hold a referendum in their second term, and put sovereignty on hold, concentrating on their stated goal of "good government".

1803:). It remains a part of the PQ program and is tied to national independence in the minds of most Quebecers. This part of the PQ program has always been controversial, especially since Canadian federal politicians usually refuse the concept. 3695:). The opponents of the sovereignty movement view the project as ethnically exclusive, based on its rejection by non-Francophones. This position is disputed by the PQ, which claims its goal is all-embracing and essentially civic in nature. 7141: 3496:

for self-determination due to already having a more legitimate claim to distinct nationhood that is based on traditional lands and a constitution predating confederation as well as the creation of Quebec and a Québécois identity.

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of English speakers and allophones (mostly immigrants and first-generation Quebecers whose native language is neither French or English) Quebecers voted against the referendum, while almost 60 percent of Francophones voted Yes.

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While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with the defeat of the referendum, most recognized that there were still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of the country.

4062:(an alternative World War I). Since the United States organized this separation to weaken Anglophone Canada (and the UK by extension) and to aid in the post-war occupation of Canada, the Republic of Quebec operated as a 1137:

On August 26, 1977, the PQ passed two main laws: first, the law on the financing of political parties, which prohibits contributions by corporations and unions and set a limit on individual donations, and second, the

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While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with their referendum victories, most recognized that there are still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada.

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Television in 1977. In the movie, the Parti Québécois has formed the government of Quebec but Premier Gaston Bélisle has repeatedly put off its promise to hold a referendum. International politics forces Bélisle's

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is a board game from 1977. The game simulates a hypothetical political struggle between factions, some of them seeking to redefine the terms of the Canadian confederation, others seeking to maintain the status

2296:(1994-2012) – this was a provincial political party that split off from the Quebec Liberal Party and ultimately merged into Coalition Avenir Québec. It was originally sovereigntist and later supported autonomy. 3940:

provoked controversy by imagining a future Quebec in which English-speakers were an oppressed minority, complete with a violent resistance movement. One planned stage version was cancelled before its premiere.

1812:("Season of ideas") which is a public consultation aiming to gather the opinions of Quebecers on its sovereignty project. The new program and the revised sovereignty project was adopted at the 2005 Congress. 2067:

is a patriotic and non-partisan network of 19 societies. They have a stated mission of defending and promoting Quebecers' identity, as well as Quebec's language, history, culture and heritage. Its societies

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to proclaim that what Quebecers want is an independent Quebec inside a strong Canada, thereby comparing the sovereignist movement to a spoiled child that has everything it could desire and still wants more.

3468:) that sovereignty politics has distracted Quebecers from the real economic problems of Quebec, and that sovereignty by itself cannot solve those problems. In 2005 they published their position statement, " 4909: 3408:

distinguishing factors, such as religious differences (given the Catholic majority in Quebec), are also used to justify either separation or nationalist social policies advocated by the Parti Québécois.

3736:!". This declaration is consistent with the thinking of General de Gaulle, who was attached to the idea of the independence of nations and sensitive to the historical impact of France's loss of Canada. 560:

are terms derived from the modern independence movement, which started during the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s. However, the roots of Quebecers' desire for political autonomy are much older than that.

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warned "It's two or three minutes to midnight". Bouchard did not accept his invitation; organizers did not invite Chrétien. Experts debated whether Quebec was a "distinct society" or "unique culture".

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groups left to form the FLQ, which, unlike all the other groups, had made the decision to resort to violence in order to reach its goal of independence for Quebec. Shortly after the November 14, 1962,

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between Canada and Quebec, common tariffs against imports, and a common currency. In addition, joint political institutions would be established to administer these economic arrangements.

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because of out-of-province participation. An inquiry by "Le Directeur général des élections" concluded in 2007 that the "No" camp had exceeded the campaign spending limits by $ 500,000.

6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 3873:, Hans Gruber, the terrorist leader, demands, as a ruse, the release of imprisoned members of the fictional group Liberté du Québec. (Presumably meant to be a fictional version of the 3679:

Sovereignty has very little support among Quebec Anglophones or immigrant communities. About 60% of Francophones voted "Yes" in 1995, and with the exception of weak "Yes" support from

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is a network composed of several member organisations, all of which are non-partisan. The RCI states that it seeks to promote and realize Quebec's independence. Its members are:

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clerks indicated that they were ordered by PQ-appointed overseers to reject ballots in these polling stations for frivolous reasons that were not covered in the election laws.

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never occurs, resulting in the creation of the North American Union, a dominion of the British Empire. En route to the Six Nations, Thomas Bushell and Samuel Stanley of the

2936: 2062: 5384: 4158: 5299: 5212: 4969: 3969:, discovered as Quebec moves to secede, clash with the ramifications of a rediscovered secret treaty negotiated between the U.K. and U.S. governments during World War I. 3890:", Homer Simpson is invited to an exclusive garden party by Trent Steel, a successful businessman whom he meets as a result of changing his name to Max Power. President 1819:, the PQ lost power to the Liberal Party. However, in early 2004, the Liberal government of Paul Martin had proved to be unpopular, and that, combined with the federal 7146: 1264:

The history of the relations between French-Canadians and English-Canadians in Canada has been marked by periods of tension. After colonizing Canada from 1608 onward,

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Yale, François, and Claire Durand. "What did Quebeckers want? Impact of question wording, constitutional proposal and context on support for sovereignty, 1976–2008."

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there are references made to a separatist Quebec nation who in return for independence helped the then formed 'Confederated States of America' take control of Canada.

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says he supports independence for Quebec, cutting to a room of Québécois saying "Viva Jay Sherman! Viva Quebec!" and unfurling a banner depicting Sherman as a beaver.

3758:" ("no interference and no indifference"). In other words, while Quebec stays within Canada, France will officially support the Canadian Confederation the way it is. 1371:

In 1979 the PQ began an aggressive effort to promote sovereignty-association by providing details of how the economic relations with the rest of Canada would include

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has stated on the record that he opposes the separation of Quebec from Canada. This changed back to the view of the French Foreign Office under Sarkozy's successor,

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against Great Britain in 1776. For 20th-century Americans, however, the idea of Quebec's separation was more akin to the most painful episode in their history, the

588:, the first permanent settlement for French colonists and their descendants in New France (who were called Canadiens, Canayens or Habitants). Following the British 4251: 3617:

in orientation. There is no mass conservative movement in Quebec's political culture on the provincial level, due notably to strong government interventionism and

601:, which lasted from 1760 to the late 18th century and sought to restore the traditional rights of French Canadians that had been abolished by the British with the 431:

and those pursued by the federal government often come into conflict. Various attempts to reform the Canadian federal system have failed (most notably the defunct

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I propose that the preamble of such a Constitution should read as follows: We, the people of Quebec... hereby declare the formation of the Republic of Quebec....

3179: 1383:, which stated that Quebec should offer a new economic and political partnership to Canada before declaring independence. An English translation of part of the 1376:

the other provinces) to support the idea of negotiations with an independent Quebec, contributing to the Yes side losing by a vote of 60 percent to 40 percent.

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which established a system whose goal was to force the cultural and linguistic assimilation of French Canadians into English-Canadian culture. In addition to

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The Parti Québécois defines sovereignty as the power for a state to levy all its taxes, vote on all its laws, and sign all its treaties (as mentioned in the

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being particularly vocal in their right to stay territories within Canada. More than 96% of the Inuit and Cree voted No in the referendum. However, The

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dissatisfied with slow progress towards independence, and others hoping to put the sovereignty question on the backburner. Leadership by PQ leader

4815: 7168: 307:, would be better equipped to promote its own economic, social, ecological, and cultural development. Quebec's sovereignist movement is based on 4737: 733:. The confrontations and divergence of political opinions led to the rise of a new form of nationalism, called clerico-nationalism, promoted by 7151: 4357: 4214:"Les Patriotes de 1837@1838 – Adresse des Fils de la Liberté (1837). Présentation et annotation de M. Daniel Latouche (Le Manuel de la parole)" 2553: 5939: 4811:

Parliamentary Research Branch (PRB) of the Library of Parliament, "ABORIGINAL PEOPLES AND THE 1995 QUEBEC REFERENDUM: A SURVEY OF THE ISSUES"

4712: 2909: 7421: 6208: 2963: 3802:“Melting pot, civil war. Two ideological walls that separate Quebec nationalists from American society, even left-wing, even intellectual.” 1020:. The group claimed responsibility for the bombing of the Montreal Stock Exchange, and in 1970 the FLQ kidnapped British Trade Commissioner 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 5853: 5810: 5743: 4515: 3554: 2742: 1694: 1495: 788: 346: 155: 49: 4221: 3423:; French Canadians in Canada were subsumed by waves of British immigrants. This argument makes the claim that Quebecers have the right of 3290: 418:

Sovereignists believe that the natural final outcome of the Québécois people's collective adventure and development is the achievement of

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The French Foreign Office's current motto epitomizes the official position of the French State concerning Quebec's national question: "

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under Jacques Parizeau, this time with 44.75% of the popular vote. In the intervening years, the failures of the Meech Lake Accord and

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are organized. The stated objective of these Estates General was to consult the French-Canadian people on their constitutional future.

481: 2990: 1476:, but neither of these parties enjoyed the official support of the PQ; nor did they enjoy significant public support among Quebecers. 4485: 1951: 5484: 2472: 890:

quickly becoming its leader. On August 9 of the same year, the Action socialiste pour l'indépendance du Québec (ASIQ) was formed by

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prominence from the 1960s onward. The use of the word "sovereignty" and many of the ideas of this movement originated in the 1967

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likely to support independence if Quebec maintained an economic partnership with Canada. This line of politics led the outspoken

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Right and Left must be interpreted within the provincial context; Liberal Party politics generally coincide with those of other

1835:

lost two additional seats, bringing their total down to 49, but was still the most popular federal party in Quebec up until the

1152:

resigned, telling the press he was convinced that the PQ was going to lose its referendum and fail to be re-elected afterwards.

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The "No" campaign won, but only by a very small margin — 50.6% to 49.4%. As in the previous referendum, the English-speaking (

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Drouilly Pierre, L'année politique au Québec 1997–1998 _Les tendances du vote 1985–1995 Université du Québec à Montréal, 1999

188: 1301: 1197: 1013:(PQ), and later that month Pierre Bourgault, leader of the RIN, dissolved his party and invited its members to join the PQ. 999: 7504: 7325: 7255: 5820: 5494: 5345: 5145: 4290: 4183: 1925: 17: 4854:

Jenson, Jane; Papillon, Martin (2000). "Challenging the Citizenship Regime: The James Bay Cree and transnational action".

4838: 3098: 7433: 5899: 5884: 5420: 4892: 4639: 4136:, Quebec exists as a sovereign nation alongside the United Canadian American States and the Confederated American States. 2329: 1483:, which featured the collapse of Progressive Conservative Party support, the BQ won enough seats in Parliament to become 1384: 5550: 5535: 3621:

shared by all parties since the 1960s (the so-called "Quebec Consensus" since the Quiet Revolution), and the province's

2038: 1016:

Meanwhile, in 1969 the FLQ stepped up its campaign of violence, which would culminate in what would become known as the

472:

in Canada – and since Quebec does not have the legislative powers of an independent state – French is still threatened.

170: 7416: 5530: 4691: 3874: 3636: 3017: 2293: 2253: 918: 895: 2317: 7372: 6932: 6726: 6201: 3580: 3384: 1827:, the Bloc Québécois won 54 of Quebec's 75 seats in the House of Commons, compared to 33 previously. However, in the 1820: 1720: 1619: 1251: 1117: 814: 540: 372: 239: 221: 119: 63: 3562: 1702: 796: 354: 7007: 6911: 6815: 6669: 6155: 6004: 5889: 5736: 5431: 4188: 1858:

2011 was considered a watershed year for the sovereignist movement. In the aftermath of the 2011 federal election,

944: 911: 854: 55: 5944: 1529:) minority in Quebec overwhelmingly (about 90%) rejected sovereignty, support for sovereignty was also weak among 7284: 7136: 6525: 6490: 5555: 4665: 4024: 1166:

In September, the PQ created a national committee of Anglophones and a liaison committee with ethnic minorities.

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is set against a fictional attempt at secession in the late 1980s. Rights to newly discovered oil resources in

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It has been argued by prominent Quebecers (sovereignists and ex-sovereignists, including former Quebec premier

1885: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1698: 1480: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1139: 792: 350: 159: 5304:

Mendelsohn, Matthew. "Rational choice and socio-psychological explanation for opinion on Quebec sovereignty."

2838: 2259: 1051: 7360: 6947: 5760: 4015: 2499: 1430: 1131: 5560: 1403:." His opinion caused an outcry among English-speaking Quebecers, and he resigned following the referendum. 7333: 7119: 6587: 6194: 6115: 6094: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 5927: 4690:

Carens, Joseph H., ed. (1995), Is Quebec Nationalism Just?: Perspectives from Anglophone Canada, Montreal,

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The goal of Quebec's sovereignist movement is to make Quebec an independent state. In practice, the terms

7478: 7450: 7193: 7074: 7069: 6982: 6766: 6290: 5876: 5815: 5729: 5514: 4123: 1999: 1146: 1047: 411: 195: 4812: 4319: 1332: 7216: 6992: 6901: 6683: 6620: 6483: 6070: 5805: 5601: 4596:"Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois – Fier coordonnateur de la Fête nationale depuis 1984" 1530: 1488: 1437:

had revived support for sovereignty, which had been written off as a dead issue for much of the 1980s.

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At the Royal Commission on the Future of Quebec (also known as the Outaouais Commission) in 1995, the

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is officially bilingual and about one-third Francophone. Another rationale is based on resentment of

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was the period lasting from the beginning of the 19th century to the defeat of the Patriotes at the

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The creation of a political and economic association between this new independent state and Canada.

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Justifications for Quebec's sovereignty are historically nationalistic in character, claiming the

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left that party when it refused to discuss sovereignty at a party convention. Lévesque formed the

7438: 7101: 7096: 6977: 6677: 6150: 5698: 4046: 3547: 3480: 1687: 781: 339: 148: 7084: 5709: 5636: 3733: 3044: 1593: 1225: 1091: 977: 514: 97: 7229: 7045: 6896: 6891: 6789: 6777: 6635: 6630: 6534: 6047: 6042: 5449: 5425: 5415: 5410: 4213: 3997:, Quebec has attained sovereignty and is an energetic/economic superpower within North America. 3845: 3650:

the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada building links with the sovereignist in the 1980s;

3644: 3420: 3416: 1889: 1514: 1424: 1380: 1289: 1160: 1063: 616: 460: 419: 259: 90: 7018: 4545: 2811: 2148: 6987: 6886: 6871: 5657: 5587: 4486:"New Movement For Quebec: Prominent Sovereigntists Publish Manifesto, Slam PQ As Spent Force" 3599: 3439: 2181: 1448:(BQ), a sovereignist federal political party, under the leadership of the charismatic former 1149: 894:. The "independence + socialism" project of the ASIQ was a source of political ideas for the 5949: 3598:

The separatist movement draws from the left and right spectrum; a sizeable minority of more

7300: 7261: 7035: 7002: 6927: 6673: 6558: 6459: 6130: 6080: 6075: 5922: 5912: 5499: 5113:"À la demande du Québec : la diplomatie québécoise de la France de 1969 à 1980 (Note)" 4178: 4163: 4031: 3990: 3453: 3316: 3220: 3205: 1913: 1840: 1734: 1648:

a second referendum during their second term. Meanwhile, the federal government passed the

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Quebec's independence movement has benefited from support and encouragement from France.

3602:

Quebecers support the PQ because of the sovereignty issue, despite reservations about its

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Some arguments against sovereignty claim that the movement is illegitimate because of its

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

6716: 6592: 6575: 6568: 6140: 6110: 6065: 5752: 5681: 4871: 4784: 4778:"Claims to Identity in Determining Resources for Indigenous Social Movements in Canada" 4173: 4168: 4074: 4059: 3790: 3782: 3424: 2050: 1340: 1285: 1177: 1032: 995: 926: 729:

coming to power in 1920 created an upheaval in French-Canadian society for most of the

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recognizing that “Québécois form a nation within a united Canada”. On November 30, the

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The other nine provinces of Canada have generally been opposed to Quebec sovereignty.

1859: 1502:, recommended to the committee that Quebec declare itself as an independent republic. 1399:, whose government supported sovereignty, attributed the defeat of the resolution to " 1304:

of René Lévesque. This movement ultimately gave birth to the Parti Québécois in 1968.

1005:

He achieved that goal in October 1968 when the MSA held its only national congress in

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In 1964, the RIN became a provincial political party. In 1965, the more conservative

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McCulloch, Tony. "A quiet revolution in diplomacy: Quebec–UK relations since 1960."

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in September 1997 to discuss how to oppose the sovereignty movement. Saskatchewan's

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peoples and their sympathizers. This sentiment is summed up by a quotation from a

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in 1837, the final battle in the Patriotes War. It began with the founding of the

398:

in French to moderate remarks made on the Quebec electorate. In English, the term

7455: 7314: 7223: 6835: 6799: 6794: 6784: 6731: 6541: 6285: 6244: 6231: 5768: 5643: 4896: 4888:

The Grand Council of Crees, Cree Legal Struggle Against the Great Whale Project,

4842: 4819: 4752: 4741: 4489: 4002: 3948: 3943: 3812: 3762: 3516: 3465: 3444: 3404: 2661: 2308:(2005-2010) - once a political club that operated from within the Parti Québécois 2275: 1457: 876: 742: 730: 701: 697: 565: 468: 423: 6277: 4867: 4294: 1513:

Parizeau promptly advised the Lieutenant Governor to call a new referendum. The

459:

and their collective memory will be adequately protected, in particular against

7443: 7289: 7090: 6963: 6937: 6736: 6648: 6272: 6267: 6249: 6236: 6032: 5405: 4835: 3979: 3974: 3895: 3837: 3688: 2302:(1995-2000) - organisation which organized pro-independence protests and events 1870: 1550: 1393: 1364: 1025: 1017: 656: 638: 444: 5337: 4889: 4643: 4456:"Sondage Léger Marketing-Le Devoir – L'appui à la souveraineté ne fléchit pas" 7498: 7063: 7051: 6968: 6825: 6254: 5236:"Washington n'aurait pas reconnu immédiatement un Québec indépendant en 1995" 5181: 5024: 4921: 4395: 4322:(in French). Le Directeur Général des Elections du Québec. September 13, 2010 4082: 4036: 3956: 3492: 3435: 1499: 1358:

power in that year's provincial elections – and included a promise to hold a

930: 907: 292:. Sovereignists suggest that the people of Quebec make use of their right to 5085:(7 ed.). Les cahiers d'histoire du Québec au XXe siècle. p. 13-22. 3430:

Eight of the other Canadian provinces are overwhelmingly (greater than 95%)

1407:

in getting the newly arrived Quebecers to adhere to their political option.

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Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique

5001:"Love on the rocks: The causal effects of separatist governments in Quebec" 4910:"QUEBEC'S NATIVES ALMOST UNANIMOUS' IN OPPOSITION TO SECESSION FROM CANADA" 4077:

is initially a Québécois freedom fighter, who resorts to acts of terrorism.

4063: 4041:

accomplish their goals of both Quebec independence and the end of the ONAN.

3983: 3961: 3894:, a guest at the garden party, is called away to deal with Quebec 'getting 3891: 3882: 3618: 3476: 2784: 2326:(2011-2018) - provincial political party which merged into Québec solidaire 1750:, a law that, amongst other things, set out the conditions under which the 956: 952: 660: 652: 297: 1972:

Mouvement des étudiants souverainistes de l’université de Montréal (MESUM)

1901: 832: 7340: 7106: 6881: 6754: 5438: 3986:, Quebec is independent and referred to as the "Free Province of Quebec". 3794: 3633: 1746: 1650: 1641: 1558: 1021: 1006: 581: 5703: 4834:

The Grand Council of the Crees, "50 Percent Plus One Vote Insufficient"

4744:; Quebec's “territorial integrity” against First Nations, The Red Flag, 3639:

supporting the Yes side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. They now support

3628:

There are, of course, quite a few exceptions. Notable examples include:

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Sovereignty-association was proposed to the population of Quebec in the

655:

in the early 19th century who were the Lower Canadian equivalent of the

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UNESCO article on the evolution of Quebec nationalism (2002) (Archived)

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Expecting Bouchard to announce another referendum if his party won the

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Jacques Parizeau joined the Parti Québécois on September 19, 1969, and

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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1636:, the leaders of all other provinces and territories gathered for the 564:

Francophone nationalism in North America dates back to 1534, the year

303:

Quebec sovereigntists believe that such a sovereign state, the Quebec

6563: 5984: 5721: 5608: 5150: 5129: 5112: 4813:

http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/bp412-e.htm#A

4132: 4070: 3747:, the indifference of the French elites had made such light work of. 2305: 2172: 1864: 1542: 960: 714: 647:. It stands out for its notorious resistance to the influence of the 6475: 4618:"Sociétés membres | Mouvement national des Québécoises et Québécois" 4356:. Le Directeur Général des Elections du Québec. September 13, 2010. 3532: 3472:", ("For a lucid Quebec") which details the problems facing Quebec. 1672: 1163:. The proposal was rejected by 60 percent of the Quebec electorate. 766: 324: 254: 137: 6830: 6662: 5994: 5934: 4759:

Socialist Studies: The Journal of the Society for Socialist Studies

4733:

A Clash of Quiet Revolutions: Quebecers meet Native Nationalism. –

4516:"Bloc Québécois motion acknowledging Quebec's Bill 96 passes 281–2" 3869: 3744: 3622: 984: 706: 615:

but did not truly satisfy them, and was notably exacerbated by the

569: 464: 4735:

http://http-server.carleton.ca/~gfrajkor/zine97/group3/quebec.html

4642:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages. Archived from 7355: 7349: 6759: 6186: 5783: 5622: 5444: 5083:" De Gaulle : Il y aura une République française du Canada " 4090:

was part of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) in his youth.

2267: 971: 402:

is often used to accentuate negative dimensions of the movement.

1954:(OUI Québec) - previously "Conseil de la souveraineté du Québec" 619:, which ceded parts of the Quebec to the United States, and the 4745: 4272:

Dennis Swann (1992) The Economics of the Common Market, p. ix

3908: 3411:

The historical argument for Quebec independence stems from the

1993:

Société nationales des Québécoises et Québécois des Laurentides

304: 289: 285: 753:

nationalism or identity to Québécois nationalism or identity.

748:

During the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s to 1970s, the modern

7426: 4425:"Separation from Canada Unlikely for a Majority of Quebecers" 3907:

episode "L.A. Jay", in a dream sequence, Jay Sherman, at his

3691:

communities, most non-Francophones massively voted "No" (see

3680: 3668: 3484: 1896: 580:, and more particularly to 1608, the year of the founding of 439:), due to conflicting interests between the sovereignist and 4159:

List of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement

3797:

made them resistant to any idea of intrastate nationalism.

7411: 4291:"Brief to the Outaouais Commission on the Future of Quebec" 3684: 3664: 3500: 1975:

Mouvement progressiste pour l’indépendance du Québec (MPIQ)

1538: 1534: 4066:

of the United States, rather than being truly independent.

1932: 1322:

It was first presented in Lévesque's political manifesto,

1050:. René Lévesque was defeated in Mont-Royal by the Liberal 2262:(PNC) (1967-1969) - religious provincial political party 2241: 7147:

Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories

4999:

Geloso, Vincent J.; Grier, Kevin B. (January 1, 2022).

4757:

Taiaiake, Alfred (2010). "Then and Now, For the Land".

3674: 2013:

Regroupement des mouvements indépendantistes collégiaux

1902:

Sovereignist political parties and parliamentary groups

7205:

Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems

5209:"France revives neutral policy on Quebec independence" 5178:"Sarkozy's sovereignty comments spark anger in Quebec" 4595: 2045:

Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec

7159:

Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada

4943:"First Nations weigh in on Quebec sovereignty debate" 756: 4099:, Canada's nightmare features an independent Quebec. 1315:

The achievement of sovereignty for the Quebec state.

700:

for 'great bleeding'), is the origin of the

268:(French for 'Yes, and it becomes possible'). 5490:

Mouvement national des Québécoises et des Québécois

4783:. University of Toronto. p. 12. Archived from 4384:"Provinces Brainstorm on Issue of Quebec Secession" 2063:

Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises

1565: 162:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7164:Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism 4293:. Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada. Archived from 4244:"Parti Québécois first elected 35 years ago today" 4022:In the 2006 young adults' alternate history novel 3781:The sovereigntists of the 1960s and 1970s, led by 284:whose objective is to achieve the independence of 7199:Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations 4419: 4417: 3993:' science fiction series, starting with the 1999 3793:. What's more, the founding myth of the American 2007:Comité indépendantiste du cégep du Vieux-Montréal 1978:Rassemblement pour l’indépendance nationale (RIN) 1952:Organisations unies pour l'indépendance du Québec 7496: 5098:Lettres, notes et carnets; Compléments 1908-1968 3519:, the self-proclaimed "Conqueror of the North". 3459: 2094:SNQ d’Abitibi-Témiscamingue et du Nord-du-Québec 1823:, contributed to a resurgence of the BQ. In the 7169:Timeline of official languages policy in Canada 5367: 5095: 1996:Société nationale Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine 1839:, when the BQ was devastated by the federalist 1498:made a presentation in which the party leader, 5566:Rassemblement démocratique pour l'indépendance 4853: 4414: 4058:, Quebec becomes a separate nation during the 3654: 2256:(FLQ) (1963-1972) - network of militant groups 1554:gave a majority to the Parti Québécois party. 1002:and set about uniting pro-sovereignty forces. 6491: 6202: 5737: 5353: 4375: 3978:by the French-born Canadian cyberpunk writer 3385:Archive of polls from 1962 until January 2008 1960:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO) 1009:. The RN and MSA agreed to merge to form the 422:, which is only possible if Quebec becomes a 5288: 4836:http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=116 4668:(in French). Parti Québécois. Archived from 4640:"Statistics on Official Languages in Quebec" 4571:"Membres du réseau - CAP SUR L'INDÉPENDANCE" 2265: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2204: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2023: 1807: 1188:, the PQ was defeated by the Liberal Party. 975: 718: 691: 683: 672: 642: 610: 594: 463:by other nations, such as the incident with 263: 7396:2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests 7152:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy 5692:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada 5571:Rassemblement pour l'Indépendance Nationale 5541:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec 5146:"Sarkozy répudie le "ni-ni" sans ambiguïté" 4998: 4890:http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=37 3561:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2300:Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec 2248:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale 1884:government in Quebec proposed to amend the 1758: 1701:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1180:retired in 1985 (and died in 1987). In the 970:, who had recently granted independence to 884:Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale 795:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 353:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 258:A poster for Quebec sovereignty during the 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6498: 6484: 6209: 6195: 5744: 5730: 5360: 5346: 5278:La tentation québécoise de John F. Kennedy 5263:La tentation québécoise de John F. Kennedy 5080: 3852:In the mid-1980s, a sequel to Seperation, 3739:In September 1965, General de Gaulle told 3419:in 1760 and ceded to Great Britain in the 3394: 3355: 3328: 3286: 3259: 3232: 3175: 3148: 3121: 3094: 3067: 3040: 3013: 2986: 2959: 2932: 2905: 2861: 1981:Rassemblement pour un pays souverain (RPS) 1897:Sovereignist and sympathetic organizations 1662: 1440:Another consequence of the failure of the 1276:in 1763, in which France ceded control of 1191: 1046:, the PQ won its first seven seats in the 482:History of the Quebec sovereignty movement 100:. Please do not remove this message until 5128: 4907: 4546:"L'organisation – Cap sur l'indépendance" 3671:have opposed the independence of Quebec. 3581:Learn how and when to remove this message 3313: 3217: 3202: 2890: 2834: 2765: 2396:Should Quebec be an independent country? 2035:(Confederation of national labour unions) 1721:Learn how and when to remove this message 1620:Learn how and when to remove this message 1418: 1252:Learn how and when to remove this message 1118:Learn how and when to remove this message 1057: 815:Learn how and when to remove this message 541:Learn how and when to remove this message 373:Learn how and when to remove this message 240:Learn how and when to remove this message 222:Learn how and when to remove this message 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 4775: 4756: 4453: 2320:(2009-2011) - provincial political party 2314:(2008-2018) - provincial political party 1592:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1504: 1224:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1090:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1039:joined on November 11 of the same year. 513:Relevant discussion may be found on the 253: 96:Relevant discussion may be found on the 5233: 5170: 5110: 4908:Trueheart, Charles (October 26, 1995). 3506:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 2000:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal 1984:Mouvement souverainiste du Québec (MSQ) 1933:Sovereignist non-partisan organizations 1509:1995 referendum results by constituency 1284:) to Great Britain, which returned the 14: 7497: 6877:List of Canadian peacekeeping missions 5940:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec 5751: 5485:Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté 5215:from the original on November 12, 2017 5188:from the original on September 6, 2012 4967: 4830: 4828: 4807: 4805: 4381: 3844:(1976) was turned into a TV-movie for 2250:(RIN) (1960-1968) - political movement 1604:to additional sources at this section. 1379:This loss laid the groundwork for the 1311:) is the combination of two concepts: 1236:to additional sources at this section. 1102:to additional sources at this section. 983:" during a speech from the balcony of 525:to additional sources at this section. 6505: 6479: 6190: 5725: 5341: 5275: 5260: 5234:Panetta, Alexander (March 14, 2014). 5206: 5144:Rioux, Christian (February 3, 2009). 5143: 5049: 5005:European Journal of Political Economy 4288: 3707: 3522: 2284:(1983-1987) - federal political party 2278:(1979-1980) - federal political party 2242:Past parties, organizations and media 2134: 2033:Confédération des syndicats nationaux 1280:(except for the two small islands of 7026:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 5955:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec 4496:from the original on October 6, 2014 4382:Turner, Craig (September 20, 1997). 4289:Bains, Hardial (February 10, 1995). 4224:from the original on August 25, 2021 4184:Lists of active separatist movements 4000:In the alternate history 1995 novel 3675:Anglophones and immigrants in Quebec 3613:parties, while PQ politics are more 3559:adding citations to reliable sources 3526: 3511:Professor Peter Russell has said of 3479:which alienates many among Canada's 2839:Léger Marketing/Le Journal de Québec 2349: 1762: 1699:adding citations to reliable sources 1666: 1569: 1201: 1169:The PQ was returned to power in the 1067: 1028:; Laporte was later found murdered. 826: 793:adding citations to reliable sources 760: 490: 351:adding citations to reliable sources 318: 160:adding citations to reliable sources 131: 70: 29: 6455:Bloc Québécois leadership elections 5421:Act Respecting the Future of Quebec 5317:American Review of Canadian Studies 5296:American Review of Canadian Studies 5043: 4825: 4802: 4454:Dutrisac, Robert (March 14, 2011). 4435:from the original on April 20, 2011 4073:, the villain (and sometimes hero) 3647:, and accept the 1995 "No" verdict; 2771:(CAQ) is elected a 2nd term in the 1939:Réseau Cap sur l'Indépendance (RCI) 1831:the BQ lost three seats and in the 486: 24: 6216: 5980:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec 5031:from the original on March 9, 2023 4968:Robert, Hillary (March 18, 2014). 4949:from the original on June 30, 2023 4526:from the original on June 18, 2021 3698: 1585:relies largely or entirely upon a 1302:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association 1217:relies largely or entirely upon a 1198:Mouvement Souveraineté-Association 1083:relies largely or entirely upon a 1000:Mouvement souveraineté-association 757:The Quiet Revolution (1960s-1970s) 609:, which granted certain rights to 506:relies largely or entirely upon a 443:elites of Quebec, as well as with 25: 7516: 7256:Citizen's Forum on National Unity 5510:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois 5326: 5158:from the original on May 12, 2024 5096:de Gaulles, Charles (1969–1970). 4980:from the original on May 12, 2024 4666:"Pourquoi faire la souveraineté?" 4466:from the original on May 12, 2024 4402:from the original on July 8, 2019 4363:from the original on July 4, 2007 4254:from the original on May 12, 2024 3756:non-ingérence et non-indifférence 3728:One of the best-known is General 3712: 2344:Graphical summary (2005–present) 2288:Parti indépendantiste (1985-1990) 1988:Réseau de Résistance du Québécois 1821:Liberal Party sponsorship scandal 1557:By contrast almost 60 percent of 1307:Sovereignty-association (French: 1288:islands they had captured in the 990:Finally, in October 1967, former 651:, a group of wealthy families in 278:mouvement souverainiste du Québec 45:This article has multiple issues. 6912:Canada in the War in Afghanistan 6816:List of National Parks of Canada 6670:Debate on the monarchy in Canada 5782: 5551:Partenaires pour la souveraineté 5536:Le front de libération populaire 5495:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec 5472:Forum jeunesse du Bloc Québécois 5432:Reference Re Secession of Quebec 4189:Secessionist movements of Canada 3772: 3531: 2354: 2336: 2100:SN Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine 2039:Centrale des syndicats du Québec 2019:Nouveau Mouvement pour le Québec 1957:Jeunes Patriotes du Québec (JPQ) 1926:Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec 1767: 1671: 1574: 1566:The 1998 Quebec general election 1496:Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada 1472:had nominated candidates in the 1460:had nominated candidates in the 1429:The PQ returned to power in the 1206: 1072: 945:Estates General of French Canada 831: 765: 495: 323: 136: 75: 34: 7434:Canada–United Kingdom relations 7137:Official bilingualism in Canada 6526:Canadian cultural protectionism 5269: 5254: 5227: 5200: 5137: 5104: 5089: 5074: 5050:Depoe, Norman (July 24, 1967). 4992: 4961: 4935: 4901: 4882: 4847: 4769: 4727: 4705: 4692:McGill-Queen's University Press 4684: 4658: 4632: 4610: 4588: 4563: 4538: 4508: 4478: 4025:The Disunited States of America 2910:Léger Marketing/Huffington Post 2318:Nouvelle Alliance Québec-Canada 2041:(Quebec labour unions congress) 1862:and pro-sovereignist newspaper 1147:Member of the National Assembly 966:In June 1967, French president 750:Québécois sovereignist movement 449:Constitutional Debate in Canada 394:Canada's speeches use the term 147:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 7417:Canada–United States relations 7031:Charter of the French Language 6656:Canadian Citizenship Act, 1946 5017:10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2021.102088 4822:. Aboriginal Perspectives(txt) 4343: 4334: 4312: 4282: 4266: 4236: 4206: 3982:, loosely adapted as the film 3860:(with "Lady Goosegreen" being 3643:: a decentralized view of the 2076:SNQ du Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean 2047:(Federation of Quebec workers) 2010:Comité souverainiste de l’UQÀM 1948:Les Aînés pour la souveraineté 1886:Charter of the French Language 1837:2011 Canadian federal election 1485:Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition 1140:Charter of the French Language 13: 1: 6948:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 6727:Canadiens–Maple Leafs rivalry 6552:National identities in Canada 5945:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec 5531:Front de libération du Québec 5276:Lisée, Jean-Francois (2020). 5261:Lisée, Jean-Francois (2020). 4199: 4016:Royal American Mounted Police 3819: 3732:, author of the declaration " 3637:Action Démocratique du Québec 3460:Arguments against sovereignty 2294:Action démocratique du Québec 2254:Front de libération du Québec 1806:In 2003, the PQ launched the 919:Front de libération du Québec 896:Front de libération du Québec 721:Société nationale de l'Acadie 387:independentist, sovereignist, 171:"Quebec sovereignty movement" 6095:2012 Quebec student protests 6028:2012 Quebec general election 6023:2014 Quebec general election 6018:2018 Quebec general election 6013:2022 Quebec general election 5928:Parti conservateur du Québec 5265:. Carte blanche. p. 28. 4746:http://theredflag.ca/node/62 3661:Indigenous peoples in Quebec 3593: 3513:Aboriginal peoples in Canada 3389: 3360:Le Devoir/The Globe and Mail 3321:2008 Quebec general election 3225:2012 Quebec general election 3210:2014 Quebec general election 2898:2018 Quebec general election 2773:2022 Quebec general election 2390:Polling organisation/client 2332:(2018) - parliamentary group 2290:- provincial political party 2282:Parti nationaliste du Québec 1928:- provincial political party 1922:- provincial political party 1916:- provincial political party 1634:1998 Quebec general election 1470:Parti nationaliste du Québec 27:Quebec independence movement 7: 7505:Quebec sovereignty movement 7479:COVID-19 pandemic in Canada 7405:International relationships 7075:Conscription Crisis of 1944 7070:Conscription Crisis of 1917 6998:Quebec sovereignty movement 6809:Landmarks, parks and nature 6465:Quebec sovereignty movement 6038:Referendums on independence 5774:Former lieutenant-governors 5515:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society 5369:Quebec sovereignty movement 4868:10.1177/0032329200028002005 4575:www.capsurlindependance.org 4152: 3655:Indigenous people of Quebec 2260:Parti nationaliste chrétien 2118:SNQ Richelieu—Saint-Laurent 2103:SNQ de Chaudière-Appalaches 1024:and Quebec Labour Minister 912:Parti républicain du Québec 882:On September 10, 1960, the 844:to comply with Knowledge's 412:National Assembly of Quebec 314: 274:Quebec sovereignty movement 265:Oui, et ça devient possible 102:conditions to do so are met 10: 7521: 7369:First Nations territories 6993:National question (Quebec) 6902:Canada and the Vietnam War 6626:Provincial and territorial 5811:Premiers by time in office 5561:Parti socialiste du Québec 5556:Parti république du Québec 5207:Staff (October 15, 2012). 5111:Bastien, Frédéric (1998). 5081:Peyrefitte, Alain (1997). 5058:. CBC News. Archived from 4895:December 22, 2016, at the 4841:February 25, 2018, at the 4717:www.pourunquebeclucide.com 4550:capsurlindependance.quebec 4194: 4010:and Harry Turtledove, the 2112:SNQ Région des Laurentides 2029:The labour unions of the: 1422: 1195: 1061: 940:(RN) also became a party. 727:Louis-Alexandre Taschereau 621:Constitutional Act of 1791 603:Royal Proclamation of 1763 479: 475: 7471: 7404: 7277: 7177: 7129: 7058:Manitoba Schools Question 6961: 6920: 6864: 6808: 6693: 6613: 6551: 6513: 6447: 6411: 6348: 6307: 6224: 6103: 6058: 6003: 5970:Parti culinaire du Québec 5898: 5875: 5852: 5844:Former Opposition Leaders 5829: 5791: 5780: 5759: 5667: 5579: 5523: 5458: 5393: 5375: 5289:Further reading (English) 5052:"'Vive le Québec libre!'" 4818:January 26, 2016, at the 3720: 3693:Demolinguistics of Quebec 3237:Léger Marketing/Le Devoir 2743:Léger Marketing/Le Devoir 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2024:Sympathetic organizations 1910:- federal political party 1776:This section needs to be 1444:was the formation of the 1282:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1272:at the conclusion of the 719: 595: 7484:Canadian property bubble 6907:Canada in the Korean War 6645:Debates and legislation: 5687:Republic of Lower Canada 4130:In the roleplaying game 4121:In the roleplaying game 3936:'s satirical 1979 novel 3761:Former French President 3417:conquered by the British 2896:(CAQ) is elected in the 2206:Souverainete la solution 2127:SSJB du Centre-du-Québec 1969:Ligue d’action nationale 1801:souveraineté-partenariat 1759:From 2000 to the present 1450:Progressive Conservative 1333:1980 referendum question 1309:souveraineté-association 1044:1970 provincial election 943:During this period, the 910:founded the short-lived 886:(RIN) was founded, with 857:may contain suggestions. 842:may need to be rewritten 686:la Revanche des berceaux 635:Battle of Saint-Eustache 623:, which established the 465:Canada's national anthem 7451:Canada–France relations 7439:Commonwealth of Nations 7373:Eeyou Istchee James Bay 7194:Rebellions of 1837–1838 7120:Québécois nation motion 7102:Quebec referendum, 1995 7097:Quebec referendum, 1980 6678:Republicanism in Canada 6104:Other Canadian politics 5913:Parti libéral du Québec 5908:Coalition Avenir Québec 5890:Government House Leader 5854:Speaker of the Assembly 5699:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day 4047:Southern Victory Series 3909:Oscar acceptance speech 3395:Reasons for sovereignty 2894:Coalition Avenir Québec 2769:Coalition Avenir Québec 2272:(1974-1978) - newspaper 2115:SNQ des Hautes-Rivières 2053:(Artists' Labour Union) 1945:La Fondation Octobre 70 1890:provincial constitution 1882:Coalition Avenir Québec 1663:The Clarity Act of 1999 1192:Sovereignty-association 904:Quebec general election 7285:National organizations 7230:Constitution Act, 1982 7217:Fulton–Favreau formula 7213:debate (1960s to 1982) 7046:Lower Canada Rebellion 6897:Canada in the Cold War 6892:Canada in World War II 6790:Architecture of Canada 6535:Demographics of Canada 6349:Parliamentary election 5821:Government departments 5630:Le Journal de Montréal 5450:2012 Montreal shooting 5426:Quebec Contingency Act 5394:Events and legislation 5319:41.3 (2011): 242–258. 5298:46.2 (2016): 176–195. 5211:. The Canadian Press. 5117:Études internationales 4856:Politics & Society 4751:June 21, 2013, at the 4740:March 4, 2016, at the 4019:Québécois separatists. 3804: 3645:Canadian Confederation 2266: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2124:SSJB Richelieu-Yamaska 1833:2008 federal elections 1829:2006 federal elections 1825:2004 federal elections 1808: 1800: 1510: 1466:1980 federal elections 1425:1995 Quebec referendum 1419:The referendum of 1995 1401:money and ethnic votes 1308: 1161:1980 Quebec referendum 1064:1980 Quebec referendum 1058:The referendum of 1980 976: 917:In February 1963, the 692: 684: 673: 670: 643: 617:Treaty of Paris (1783) 611: 590:conquest of New France 461:cultural appropriation 420:political independence 277: 269: 264: 7181:Territorial relations 6988:Anti-Quebec sentiment 6887:Canada in World War I 6872:Canadian Armed Forces 5965:Parti indépendantiste 5960:Parti unité nationale 5658:Why I Am a Separatist 5524:Defunct organizations 4250:. November 15, 2011. 3829:In Films and TV Shows 3800: 3632:the conservative but 3470:Pour un Québec lucide 3440:anti-Quebec sentiment 3176:17–20 September 2015 2658:27-28 September 2023 2312:Parti indépendantiste 2073:SN de l’Est du Québec 1508: 1481:1993 federal election 879:on January 25, 1957. 717:, represented by the 665: 631:The Patriote movement 437:Charlottetown Accords 257: 7352:(no final agreement) 7301:North-West Rebellion 7262:Charlottetown Accord 7085:Vive le Québec libre 7036:Civil Code of Quebec 7003:Federalism in Quebec 6928:Government of Canada 6865:War and peacekeeping 6674:Monarchism in Canada 6559:Canadian nationalism 6308:Leadership elections 5990:Parti vert du Québec 5710:Vive le Québec libre 5637:Le Journal de Québec 5459:Active organizations 5242:(in Canadian French) 5184:. February 2, 2009. 4776:van der Maas, Mark. 4620:(in Canadian French) 4598:(in Canadian French) 4179:Canadian sovereignty 4164:Autonomism in Quebec 4032:David Foster Wallace 3734:Vive le Québec libre 3555:improve this section 3454:Charlottetown Accord 3421:1763 Treaty of Paris 3317:Quebec Liberal Party 3206:Quebec Liberal Party 3095:11–15 February 2016 2933:29 April–2 May 2018 2866:Environics Institute 2739:24-26 February 2023 2604:18-19 November 2023 2016:Artistes volontaires 1735:Parliament of Canada 1695:improve this section 1598:improve this article 1435:Charlottetown Accord 1295:Under British rule, 1290:1763 Treaty of Paris 1230:improve this article 1184:under his successor 1096:improve this article 978:Vive le Québec libre 789:improve this section 680:Act of Union of 1840 519:improve this article 457:culture of Québécois 347:improve this section 156:improve this article 18:Quebec sovereigntism 7461:Canada (New France) 7295:Red River Rebellion 7278:Aboriginal politics 7268:Calgary Declaration 7179:Federal–Provincial– 7114:Sponsorship scandal 6953:VIA Rail Canada Inc 6943:Royal Canadian Mint 6722:Toronto Maple Leafs 6663:National Anthem Act 6033:Electoral districts 5761:Lieutenant Governor 4492:. August 16, 2011. 4248:CTV News (Montreal) 4096:Axis Powers Hetalia 4012:American Revolution 3925:In Books and Comics 3807:Jean-Francois Lisée 3787:American Revolution 3227:(September 4, 2012) 3122:01–4 February 2016 3041:7–10 November 2016 3014:7–12 December 2016 2987:12–15 January 2017 2960:17–19 January 2017 2812:Mainstreet Research 2785:Mainstreet Research 2149:Journal de Montréal 2097:SNQ de la Côte-Nord 2082:SSJB de la Mauricie 1737:, at the urging of 1638:Calgary Declaration 1268:lost the colony to 1186:Pierre-Marc Johnson 938:Ralliement national 586:Samuel de Champlain 89:of this article is 7472:Current challenges 7330:Inuit territories 7142:Gendron Commission 6962:Relations between 6921:Crown corporations 6717:Montreal Canadiens 6593:Alberta separatism 6588:Western alienation 6576:Quebec nationalism 6569:Canadian ethnicity 6088:Quebec sovereignty 6066:Quebec nationalism 5950:Équipe autonomiste 5753:Politics of Quebec 5682:Quebec nationalism 5588:L'Action nationale 4723:on March 25, 2006. 4646:on August 14, 2016 4174:Politics of Quebec 4169:Quebec nationalism 4140:Canadian Civil War 3972:In the 1999 novel 3854:Quebec-Canada 1995 3791:American Civil War 3708:External positions 3606:political agenda. 3523:Opinions in Quebec 3425:self-determination 3329:4–5 December 2006 3323:(December 8, 2008) 3319:is elected in the 3223:is elected in the 3208:is elected in the 2808:8–9 February 2021 2685:20-21 August 2023 2577:4-6 December 2023 2550:3-5 February 2024 2523:5-7 February 2024 2415:23-25 August 2024 2182:L'Action nationale 2135:Sovereignist media 2091:SNQ de l’Outaouais 2079:SNQ de la Capitale 2051:Union des artistes 2004:Vigile (newspaper) 1511: 1341:European Community 1286:French West Indian 927:Raymond Villeneuve 711:Maritime provinces 625:Westminster system 607:Quebec Act of 1774 309:Quebec nationalism 294:self-determination 282:political movement 270: 7492: 7491: 7250:Meech Lake Accord 7237:Canada Health Act 7189:Province building 7130:Language politics 6846:Plains of Abraham 6841:Chateau Frontenac 6744:Toronto Blue Jays 6701:Culture of Canada 6684:Great Flag Debate 6581:Culture of Quebec 6519:Culture of Canada 6507:Canadian identity 6473: 6472: 6295: 6282: 6259: 6241: 6184: 6183: 6081:Quebec autonomism 6076:Quebec federalism 6071:National question 5900:Political parties 5831:Opposition Leader 5719: 5718: 5580:Culture and media 4522:. June 17, 2021. 4388:Los Angeles Times 4149: 4148: 4105: 4104: 4052:alternate history 4006:, co-authored by 3934:William Weintraub 3917: 3916: 3862:Margaret Thatcher 3767:François Hollande 3730:Charles de Gaulle 3641:Quebec Autonomism 3615:social democratic 3604:social democratic 3591: 3590: 3583: 3483:, as well as the 3450:Meech Lake Accord 3382: 3381: 3356:20–24 April 2005 3260:13–20 April 2011 2900:(October 1, 2018) 2835:2–4 October 2020 2775:(October 3, 2022) 2496:16-18 March 2024 2469:20-21 April 2024 2380: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2156:Journal de Québec 2109:SNQ de Lanaudière 1797: 1796: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1442:Meech Lake Accord 1262: 1261: 1254: 1128: 1127: 1120: 1048:National Assembly 994:cabinet minister 968:Charles de Gaulle 923:Georges Schoeters 872: 871: 846:quality standards 825: 824: 817: 745:of 1944 to 1959. 741:party during the 735:Maurice Duplessis 693:Grande Hémorragie 578:Canada for France 551: 550: 543: 383: 382: 375: 250: 249: 242: 232: 231: 224: 206: 130: 129: 122: 68: 16:(Redirected from 7512: 7390:Royal Commission 7384: 7346: 7244:Victoria Charter 7080:Quiet Revolution 7013:Distinct society 6978:Acadian movement 6856:Canadian Rockies 6821:Winter in Canada 6773:Calgary Stampede 6712:Hockey in Canada 6605:Anti-Americanism 6500: 6493: 6486: 6477: 6476: 6293: 6280: 6257: 6239: 6211: 6204: 6197: 6188: 6187: 5918:Québec solidaire 5885:Current assembly 5801:François Legault 5786: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5723: 5722: 5546:Option nationale 5505:Québec solidaire 5385:List of subjects 5362: 5355: 5348: 5339: 5338: 5308:(2003): 511–537 5282: 5281: 5280:. Carte blanche. 5273: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130:10.7202/703918ar 5108: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4905: 4899: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4851: 4845: 4832: 4823: 4809: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4790:on June 29, 2011 4789: 4782: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4719:. Archived from 4709: 4703: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4672:on June 12, 2013 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4614: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4556: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4520:Montreal Gazette 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4431:. June 9, 2009. 4421: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4362: 4355: 4347: 4341: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4297:on April 7, 2009 4286: 4280: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4210: 4109: 4108: 4086:, the superhero 4056:Harry Turtledove 4008:Richard Dreyfuss 3921: 3920: 3888:Homer to the Max 3858:Falkland Islands 3825: 3824: 3808: 3741:Alain Peyrefitte 3586: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3535: 3527: 3432:English-speaking 3413:region's history 2712:10-12 June 2023 2631:1 November 2023 2382: 2381: 2358: 2357: 2350: 2341: 2340: 2324:Option nationale 2271: 2231: 2222: 2215: 2208: 2201: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2130:MNQ Headquarters 2088:SSJB de Montréal 1920:Québec solidaire 1878:François Legault 1846:Polling data by 1811: 1809:Saison des idées 1792: 1789: 1783: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1752:Crown-in-Council 1726: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1675: 1667: 1625: 1618: 1614: 1611: 1605: 1578: 1577: 1570: 1518:creation of the 1489:House of Commons 1397:Jacques Parizeau 1385:Sovereignty Bill 1297:French Canadians 1274:Seven Years' War 1257: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1237: 1210: 1209: 1202: 1123: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1103: 1076: 1075: 1068: 982: 888:Pierre Bourgault 867: 864: 858: 835: 827: 820: 813: 809: 806: 800: 769: 761: 724: 723: 695: 689: 676: 646: 614: 598: 597: 546: 539: 535: 532: 526: 499: 498: 491: 487:Before the 1960s 378: 371: 367: 364: 358: 327: 319: 267: 245: 238: 227: 220: 216: 213: 207: 205: 164: 140: 132: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 79: 78: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 21: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7467: 7456:La Francophonie 7400: 7382: 7344: 7326:Self-Government 7315:Indian Register 7273: 7224:Canada Act 1982 7180: 7173: 7125: 7042:Notable events: 6966: 6957: 6916: 6860: 6836:Parliament Hill 6804: 6800:Music of Canada 6795:Canadian humour 6785:Media of Canada 6732:Edmonton Oilers 6689: 6609: 6547: 6542:Canadian values 6509: 6504: 6474: 6469: 6460:Parti Québécois 6443: 6439:44th Parliament 6434:42nd Parliament 6429:41st Parliament 6424:40th Parliament 6419:39th Parliament 6412:Shadow cabinets 6407: 6350: 6344: 6303: 6220: 6215: 6185: 6180: 6099: 6054: 5999: 5975:Parti équitable 5923:Parti Québécois 5894: 5871: 5867:Former Speakers 5848: 5825: 5806:Former premiers 5787: 5778: 5769:J. Michel Doyon 5755: 5750: 5720: 5715: 5663: 5644:La Maison-Bleue 5575: 5519: 5500:Parti Québécois 5454: 5416:1995 referendum 5411:1980 referendum 5401:Francœur Motion 5389: 5371: 5366: 5329: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5274: 5270: 5259: 5255: 5245: 5243: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5142: 5138: 5109: 5105: 5094: 5090: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5054:. On This Day. 5048: 5044: 5034: 5032: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4966: 4962: 4952: 4950: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4914:Washington Post 4906: 4902: 4897:Wayback Machine 4887: 4883: 4852: 4848: 4843:Wayback Machine 4833: 4826: 4820:Wayback Machine 4810: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4753:Wayback Machine 4742:Wayback Machine 4732: 4728: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4689: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4552: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4490:Huffington Post 4484: 4483: 4479: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4448: 4438: 4436: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4300: 4298: 4287: 4283: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4155: 4150: 4114: 4106: 4060:First Great War 4003:The Two Georges 3949:Life Before Man 3944:Margaret Atwood 3926: 3918: 3830: 3822: 3813:John F. Kennedy 3810: 3806: 3775: 3763:Nicolas Sarkozy 3723: 3715: 3710: 3701: 3699:Economic effect 3677: 3657: 3596: 3587: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3552: 3536: 3525: 3517:Robert Bourassa 3499:Similarly, the 3466:Lucien Bouchard 3462: 3405:French-speaking 3397: 3392: 3333:Léger Marketing 3291:Léger Marketing 3287:23–25 May 2009 3221:Parti Québécois 3212:(April 7, 2014) 3153:Léger Marketing 3126:Léger Marketing 3068:12–15 May 2016 3045:Léger Marketing 2716:Léger Marketing 2689:Léger Marketing 2635:Léger Marketing 2581:Léger Marketing 2554:Léger Marketing 2500:Léger Marketing 2473:Léger Marketing 2419:Léger Marketing 2386: 2372: 2359: 2355: 2339: 2276:Union Populaire 2244: 2137: 2026: 1935: 1914:Parti Québécois 1904: 1899: 1860:Léger Marketing 1793: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1772: 1768: 1761: 1727: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1692: 1676: 1665: 1626: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1600:by introducing 1591: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1515:1995 referendum 1458:Union Populaire 1427: 1421: 1381:1995 referendum 1258: 1247: 1241: 1238: 1232:by introducing 1223: 1211: 1207: 1200: 1194: 1124: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1098:by introducing 1089: 1077: 1073: 1066: 1060: 1037:Union Nationale 1011:Parti Québécois 877:Raymond Barbeau 868: 862: 859: 849: 836: 821: 810: 804: 801: 786: 770: 759: 743:Grande Noirceur 739:Union Nationale 731:interwar period 702:Quebec diaspora 566:Jacques Cartier 547: 536: 530: 527: 521:by introducing 512: 500: 496: 489: 484: 478: 469:French Canadian 467:, originally a 424:sovereign state 379: 368: 362: 359: 344: 328: 317: 260:1995 referendum 246: 235: 234: 233: 228: 217: 211: 208: 165: 163: 153: 141: 126: 115: 109: 106: 95: 80: 76: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7518: 7508: 7507: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7448: 7447: 7446: 7444:British Empire 7441: 7431: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7414: 7408: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7375: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7363: 7361:agreement 1993 7353: 7347: 7337: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7312: 7311:(1876-present) 7304: 7298: 7292: 7287: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7271: 7265: 7259: 7253: 7247: 7241: 7233: 7220: 7214: 7208: 7202: 7196: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7155: 7154: 7144: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7109: 7099: 7094: 7091:October Crisis 7088: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7019:État québécois 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6983:Great Upheaval 6980: 6974: 6972: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6938:Bank of Canada 6935: 6930: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6746: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6737:Calgary Flames 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6703: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6681: 6667: 6659: 6652: 6646: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6573: 6572: 6571: 6561: 6555: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6503: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6480: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6415: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6354: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6288: 6283: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6234: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6221: 6218:Bloc Québécois 6214: 6213: 6206: 6199: 6191: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6107: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6084: 6083: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6059:Current issues 6056: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5892: 5887: 5881: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5726: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5684: 5679: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5602:Breaking Point 5598: 5591: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5466:Bloc Québécois 5462: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5435: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5406:October Crisis 5403: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5365: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5328: 5327:External links 5325: 5324: 5323: 5313: 5302: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5268: 5253: 5226: 5199: 5169: 5136: 5123:(3): 551–575. 5103: 5088: 5073: 5062:on May 1, 2012 5042: 4991: 4960: 4934: 4900: 4881: 4862:(2): 245–264. 4846: 4824: 4801: 4768: 4726: 4704: 4683: 4657: 4631: 4609: 4587: 4562: 4537: 4507: 4477: 4446: 4413: 4374: 4342: 4333: 4311: 4281: 4265: 4235: 4218:www.1837.qc.ca 4204: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4154: 4151: 4147: 4146: 4145: 4144: 4137: 4128: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4091: 4078: 4067: 4042: 4034:'s 1996 novel 4029: 4020: 3998: 3987: 3980:Maurice Dantec 3975:Babylon Babies 3970: 3959:'s 1984 novel 3954: 3953:relationships. 3946:'s 1979 novel 3941: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3899: 3878: 3865: 3850: 3838:Richard Rohmer 3832: 3831: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3799: 3774: 3771: 3722: 3719: 3714: 3713:Rest of Canada 3711: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3689:Latin American 3676: 3673: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3539: 3537: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3461: 3458: 3401:unique culture 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3233:9–11 May 2011 3230: 3229: 3215: 3214: 3200: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3149:November 2015 3146: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3099:CROP/La Presse 3096: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3072:CROP/La Presse 3069: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2918: 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2327: 2321: 2315: 2309: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2223: 2220:Le Mouton noir 2216: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2159: 2152: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2085:SN de l’Estrie 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1966:Libre marcheur 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1908:Bloc Québécois 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1873:was divisive. 1871:Pauline Marois 1795: 1794: 1775: 1773: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1739:Prime Minister 1729: 1728: 1679: 1677: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1628: 1627: 1596:. Please help 1582: 1580: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1446:Bloc Québécois 1423:Main article: 1420: 1417: 1394:Quebec premier 1365:Yvon Deschamps 1320: 1319: 1316: 1260: 1259: 1228:. Please help 1214: 1212: 1205: 1193: 1190: 1126: 1125: 1094:. Please help 1080: 1078: 1071: 1062:Main article: 1059: 1056: 1052:André Marchand 1026:Pierre Laporte 1018:October Crisis 870: 869: 839: 837: 830: 823: 822: 773: 771: 764: 758: 755: 657:Family Compact 649:Château Clique 639:Parti Canadien 568:landed in the 549: 548: 517:. Please help 503: 501: 494: 488: 485: 480:Main article: 477: 474: 445:English Canada 381: 380: 331: 329: 322: 316: 313: 248: 247: 230: 229: 212:September 2021 144: 142: 135: 128: 127: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7517: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7432: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7403: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7388: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7182: 7176: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7148: 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4420: 4418: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4378: 4367:September 22, 4359: 4352: 4346: 4337: 4326:September 22, 4321: 4315: 4308: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4239: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4205: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4083:Marvel Comics 4079: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4038: 4037:Infinite Jest 4033: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4004: 3999: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3957:Clive Cussler 3955: 3951: 3950: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938:The Underdogs 3935: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3817: 3814: 3809: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3783:René Lévesque 3779: 3773:United States 3770: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3718: 3705: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3585: 3582: 3574: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3540:This section 3538: 3534: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3509: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3481:First Nations 3478: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3448:of 1982, the 3447: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3436:New Brunswick 3433: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3409: 3406: 3402: 3387: 3386: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3194: 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1725: 1722: 1714: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1680:This section 1678: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1624: 1621: 1613: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1588: 1587:single source 1583:This section 1581: 1572: 1571: 1563: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1522:(see below). 1521: 1516: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1500:Hardial Bains 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1474:1984 election 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1431:1994 election 1426: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1374: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1346:Option Québec 1342: 1336: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1326: 1325:Option Québec 1317: 1314: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1270:Great Britain 1267: 1256: 1253: 1245: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1219:single source 1215:This section 1213: 1204: 1203: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1182:1985 election 1179: 1178:René Lévesque 1175: 1172: 1171:1981 election 1167: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1145:On May 17 PQ 1143: 1141: 1135: 1133: 1132:1976 election 1122: 1119: 1111: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1085:single source 1081:This section 1079: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1033:Jérôme Proulx 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 996:René Lévesque 993: 988: 986: 981: 979: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 948: 946: 941: 939: 934: 932: 931:Gabriel Hudon 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 908:Marcel Chaput 906:, RIN member 905: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 880: 878: 866: 856: 852: 847: 843: 840:This section 838: 834: 829: 828: 819: 816: 808: 798: 794: 790: 784: 783: 779: 774:This section 772: 768: 763: 762: 754: 751: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 722: 716: 712: 708: 703: 699: 694: 688: 687: 681: 675: 674:La Survivance 669: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 645: 640: 636: 632: 628: 626: 622: 618: 613: 608: 604: 600: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:Gespe'gewa'gi 567: 562: 559: 555: 545: 542: 534: 524: 520: 516: 510: 509: 508:single source 504:This section 502: 493: 492: 483: 473: 470: 466: 462: 458: 452: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 428: 425: 421: 416: 413: 409: 403: 401: 397: 392: 388: 377: 374: 366: 363:November 2021 356: 352: 348: 342: 341: 337: 332:This section 330: 326: 321: 320: 312: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 266: 261: 256: 252: 244: 241: 226: 223: 215: 204: 201: 197: 194: 190: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: – 172: 168: 167:Find sources: 161: 157: 151: 150: 145:This article 143: 139: 134: 133: 124: 121: 113: 103: 99: 93: 92: 88: 82: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 7377: 7339: 7306: 7235: 7228: 7222: 7017: 6997: 6661: 6654: 6540: 6533: 6524: 6517: 6464: 6087: 5862:Nathalie Roy 5839:Marc Tanguay 5708: 5674: 5656: 5651:Le Québécois 5649: 5642: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5616:Gens du pays 5607: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5470: 5437: 5430: 5368: 5316: 5305: 5295: 5277: 5271: 5262: 5256: 5244:. 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Retrieved 4217: 4208: 4131: 4122: 4094: 4081: 4064:client state 4045: 4035: 4023: 4001: 3994: 3984:Babylon A.D. 3973: 3962:Night Probe! 3960: 3947: 3937: 3902: 3892:Bill Clinton 3881: 3868: 3867:In the film 3853: 3841: 3811: 3805: 3801: 3780: 3776: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3738: 3727: 3724: 3716: 3702: 3678: 3658: 3627: 3619:Keynesianism 3608: 3600:conservative 3597: 3577: 3568: 3553:Please help 3541: 3510: 3498: 3477:Eurocentrism 3474: 3463: 3443: 3429: 3415:, as it was 3410: 3398: 3383: 3367: 3343: 3315: 3301: 3274: 3247: 3219: 3204: 3190: 3163: 3136: 3109: 3082: 3055: 3028: 3001: 2974: 2947: 2920: 2906:August 2018 2892: 2878: 2873: 2849: 2822: 2795: 2767: 2753: 2726: 2699: 2672: 2645: 2618: 2591: 2564: 2537: 2510: 2483: 2456: 2442:8 June 2024 2429: 2393:Sample size 2234:Québec-Radio 2228:Le Québécois 2161: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2106:SNQ de Laval 2061: 1938: 1936: 1875: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1814: 1805: 1798: 1788:January 2024 1785: 1777: 1745: 1732: 1717: 1708: 1693:Please help 1681: 1657: 1649: 1646: 1631: 1616: 1607: 1584: 1559:francophones 1556: 1524: 1519: 1512: 1493: 1478: 1455: 1439: 1428: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1390: 1378: 1370: 1356: 1352: 1345: 1337: 1330: 1324: 1321: 1306: 1294: 1263: 1248: 1239: 1216: 1176: 1168: 1165: 1158: 1154: 1150:Robert Burns 1144: 1136: 1129: 1114: 1105: 1082: 1041: 1030: 1015: 1004: 989: 965: 957:Albert Memmi 953:Frantz Fanon 949: 942: 935: 916: 900: 881: 873: 860: 851:You can help 841: 811: 802: 787:Please help 775: 749: 747: 725:since 1881. 671: 666: 661:Upper Canada 653:Lower Canada 630: 629: 593: 572:district of 563: 558:sovereignism 557: 553: 552: 537: 528: 505: 453: 429: 417: 404: 399: 396:sovereignist 395: 390: 386: 384: 369: 360: 345:Please help 333: 302: 298:constitution 273: 271: 251: 236: 218: 209: 199: 192: 185: 178: 166: 154:Please help 149:verification 146: 116: 110:January 2022 107: 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 7341:NunatuKavut 7116:(1996-2004) 7107:Unity Rally 7048:(1837-1838) 6882:War of 1812 6755:Maple syrup 5877:Legislature 5439:Clarity Act 5219:October 20, 5192:November 8, 4765:(1): 93–95. 4500:October 25, 4439:November 7, 4301:February 8, 4258:October 25, 3991:Peter Watts 3795:melting pot 3634:nationalist 2365:Phabricator 1747:Clarity Act 1711:August 2024 1651:Clarity Act 1642:Roy Romanow 1610:August 2024 1520:Clarity Act 1022:James Cross 1007:Quebec City 974:, shouted " 863:August 2024 554:Sovereignty 7379:Nitassinan 7334:Inuvialuit 7320:Oka Crisis 7308:Indian Act 7211:Patriation 6351:candidates 5676:Pur et dur 5011:: 102088. 4700:0773513426 4624:August 24, 4602:August 24, 4580:August 24, 4555:August 24, 4429:Angus Reid 4278:0140144978 4200:References 4054:novels by 3967:Ungava Bay 3904:The Critic 3842:Separation 3820:In fiction 3663:, such as 3625:heritage. 3445:Canada Act 2410:Undecided 2387:conducted 2163:Groupe TVA 1848:Angus Reid 1531:allophones 1527:anglophone 1468:, and the 1373:free trade 1360:referendum 1278:New France 1196:See also: 441:federalist 433:Meech Lake 400:separatist 391:separatist 182:newspapers 87:neutrality 50:improve it 7392:(1991–96) 7258:(1990–91) 7252:(1987–90) 7219:(to 1965) 7207:(1953–56) 7201:(1937–40) 7060:(1890–96) 6767:Festivals 6686:(1963–64) 6564:Canadians 6294:(Interim) 6281:(interim) 6258:(interim) 6240:(interim) 6005:Elections 5985:Parti nul 5609:Le Devoir 5240:La Presse 5151:Le Devoir 5025:0176-2680 4953:August 8, 4927:August 8, 4922:0190-8286 4876:145156740 4470:March 24, 4460:Le Devoir 4396:0458-3035 4228:March 19, 4133:Shadowrun 4088:Northstar 4075:Plastique 4071:DC Comics 3886:episode " 3840:'s novel 3594:Québécois 3571:July 2023 3542:does not 3390:Arguments 2306:SPQ Libre 2213:La Gauche 2173:Le Devoir 1963:Mars 2011 1876:In 2021, 1865:Le Devoir 1682:does not 1602:citations 1594:talk page 1547:Algonquin 1543:Attikamek 1234:citations 1226:talk page 1100:citations 1092:talk page 961:Karl Marx 892:Raoul Roy 855:talk page 776:does not 715:Louisiana 644:Canadiens 612:Canadiens 576:claiming 574:Miꞌkmaꞌki 523:citations 515:talk page 334:does not 276:(French: 98:talk page 56:talk page 7499:Category 6831:CN Tower 6778:Carnaval 6641:Heraldry 6621:National 6299:Blanchet 6291:Beaulieu 6268:Beaulieu 6245:Gauthier 6232:Bouchard 5995:Parti 51 5935:Bloc pot 5704:Étapisme 5213:Archived 5186:Archived 5156:Archived 5066:July 24, 5035:March 9, 5029:Archived 4984:June 30, 4978:Archived 4947:Archived 4893:Archived 4839:Archived 4816:Archived 4794:March 5, 4749:Archived 4738:Archived 4650:June 21, 4530:June 18, 4524:Archived 4494:Archived 4464:Archived 4433:Archived 4400:Archived 4358:Archived 4252:Archived 4222:Archived 4153:See also 4113:In Games 3995:Starfish 3896:the bomb 3883:Simpsons 3870:Die Hard 3745:Louis XV 3659:Various 3623:Catholic 3434:, while 2199:Le Couac 2142:Québecor 1888:and the 1242:May 2024 1108:May 2024 985:Montreal 805:May 2024 737:and the 707:Acadians 599:movement 596:Canadien 531:May 2024 408:a motion 315:Overview 91:disputed 7383:claimed 7356:Nunavut 7350:Nunavik 7345:claimed 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