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ability to track food (such as plants and plant parts including fruits, seeds, flowers, leaf buds, and sap) and switch diets determines the species ability to cope with environmental changes; it is a contributory factor to the population decline of the Timneh parrot. Along with the closely related Congo grey parrot, it is one of the most popular pet birds in the United States, Europe and the Middle East due to its longevity and ability to mimic human speech.
55:
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372:), the Timneh is smaller and darker, with a dull, dark maroon (rather than crimson) tail and a horn-coloured patch on the upper mandible. Like the grey parrot, the Timneh parrot is intelligent and a skilled mimic. The Timneh parrot may be less nervous and more outgoing around human beings, and can learn to
452:
Of a total estimated population of 120,000–259,000 individual birds, the largest populations are in Ivory Coast (54,000–130,000) and
Liberia (50,000–100,000). In the other range countries, estimated numbers are Sierra Leone (11,000–18,000), Guinea (5,000–10,000) and Guinea-Bissau (100–1,000), with
464:
The Timneh parrot has been undergoing population decline both through the loss of its forest habitat and trapping for the international wild bird trade. The fragmentation and loss of forests, as well as climatic changes, has become a major factor in the food availability for parrots. The species
363:
Growing to 28–33 centimetres (11–13 in) in length and weighing 275–375 grams (9.7–13.2 oz), the Timneh is a medium-sized parrot. Its plumage is mainly a mottled grey, with a white face mask and pale yellow eyes. Compared with the only other recognised
807:
770:
Lopes, Daniel da Costa; Martin, Rowan O.; Indjai, Bucar; Monteiro, Hamilton; Henriques, Mohamed; Regalla, Aissa; Catry, Paulo (2018). "Food diversity of Timneh
Parrots (Psittacus timneh ) in the Bijagós archipelago, Guinea-Bissau".
440:. Though they are sometimes found in cultivated areas and gardens, it is not clear whether these habitats contain self-sustaining populations; the birds may make seasonal movements out of the driest parts of their range in the
476:
was banned in the same year. Despite this, in 2009, Guinea exported 720 birds. The legal trade, which is monitored by CITES, may constitute only a small proportion of the total numbers trapped in the wild.
472:’ Animals Committee imposed a two-year ban on exports of Timneh parrots from Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast and Guinea, while the importation of wild-caught birds into the
201:
797:
BirdLife
International. 2012. Psittacus Timneh. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 27 June 2012.
808:"Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) has been split into grey parrot (P. erithacus) and Timneh grey parrot (P. timneh): are both eligible for uplisting?"
1115:
1194:
484:
gave the Timneh parrot full species status on the basis of genetic, morphological, plumage and vocal differences and classified it as
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Melo, Martim; O'ryan, Colleen (2007). "Genetic differentiation between Príncipe Island and mainland populations of the grey parrot (
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but is now treated as a separate species based on the results of a genetic and morphological study published in 2007.
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insignificant numbers in southern Mali. Surveys indicate that the species has disappeared from the forests around
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416:. There is no natural range overlap with the grey parrot although, as both taxa are common in
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between greys and
Timnehs has been observed in captivity. The birds typically inhabit dense
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749:"African Grey Timneh, Psittacus erithacus timneh, Timneh African Grey Parrot"
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of Sierra Leone. The Timneh parrot was formerly classified as a
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The Timneh parrot is endemic to the western parts of the moist
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584:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 465.
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723:"Basic Information Sheet: African Grey Parrot | LafeberVet"
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428:, but are also seen at forest edges and in clearings, in
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are an ethnic group that are predominantly found in the
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250:, is a West African parrot. Formerly classified as a
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704:BirdLife International. (2012). Species factsheet:
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529:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22736498A155462561.en
1161:
563:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
289:in 1844 by the British zoologist and collector
604:
859:
408:eastwards to at least 70 km east of the
580:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis (2010).
579:
379:
873:
866:
852:
269:, it is often referred to by the initials
199:
53:
29:
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952:Red-fronted parrot (or Jardine's parrot)
354:
346:, an island off the west coast of Africa
962:Rüppell's parrot (or Rueppell's parrot)
609:), and implications for conservation".
376:at a younger age than the grey parrot.
304:as "Timneh country, Sierra Leone". The
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947:Brown-necked parrot (or Uncape parrot)
549:
261:, it is now considered a full species
1002:
1001:
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700:
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654:. International Ornithologists' Union
634:
632:
942:Cape parrot (or Levaillant's parrot)
677:"African Grey / Grey Parrot Species"
671:
669:
1195:Species endangered by the pet trade
679:. BeautyOfBirds, formerly Avian Web
515:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
691:
629:
14:
1206:
825:
666:
1170:IUCN Red List endangered species
831:
652:IOC World Bird List Version 12.1
623:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03128.x
448:Status, threats and conservation
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810:. Birdlife International (2011)
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791:
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504:BirdLife International (2019).
323:Two subspecies are recognised:
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1:
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7:
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773:African Journal of Ecology
368:species, the grey parrot (
273:and is commonly kept as a
259:Psittacus erithacus timneh
248:Timneh African grey parrot
223:Psittacus erithacus timneh
1010:
930:
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522:: e.T22736498A155462561.
432:along waterways, savanna
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75:Scientific classification
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420:, escapes can occur and
380:Distribution and habitat
359:Showing dull maroon tail
1190:Birds described in 1844
710:http://www.birdlife.org
646:, eds. (January 2022).
582:Encyclopedia of Africa
482:BirdLife International
360:
285:The Timneh parrot was
982:Yellow-fronted parrot
468:In January 2007, the
386:Upper Guinean forests
358:
242:), also known as the
1185:Birds of West Africa
840:at Wikimedia Commons
648:"Parrots, cockatoos"
967:Brown-headed parrot
729:. 28 September 2014
607:Psittacus erithacus
45:Conservation status
972:Red-bellied parrot
708:. Downloaded from
642:; Donsker, David;
361:
300:and specified the
287:formally described
244:Timneh grey parrot
1157:
1156:
1129:Open Tree of Life
1004:Taxon identifiers
995:
994:
836:Media related to
785:10.1111/aje.12544
644:Rasmussen, Pamela
611:Molecular Ecology
591:978-0-19-533770-9
310:Northern Province
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293:. He coined the
275:companion parrot
263:Psittacus timneh
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459:Nimba County
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402:Sierra Leone
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370:P. erithacus
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1036:Wikispecies
933:Poicephalus
917:Grey parrot
879:Psittacinae
733:28 February
640:Gill, Frank
535:18 November
461:, Liberia.
455:Mount Nimba
414:Ivory Coast
394:West Africa
351:Description
318:grey parrot
256:grey parrot
142:Psittacidae
1164:Categories
1142:Xeno-canto
727:LafeberVet
569:(132): 38.
492:References
486:Endangered
442:dry season
418:aviculture
314:subspecies
267:aviculture
252:subspecies
60:Endangered
1175:Psittacus
908:Psittacus
875:Subfamily
488:in 2016.
480:In 2012,
438:mangroves
366:Psittacus
342:, 1909 –
340:Alexander
160:Species:
153:Psittacus
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1108:22736498
1082:45514193
1069:22736498
1064:BirdLife
1027:Q5466341
1021:Wikidata
658:19 March
553:(1844).
434:woodland
390:savannas
344:Príncipe
281:Taxonomy
214:Synonyms
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1134:7068864
1121:1549196
1095:8873404
1051:Avibase
896:Species
814:18 June
755:27 June
683:28 June
457:and in
316:of the
254:of the
148:Genus:
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
588:
426:forest
331:Fraser
208:Range
193:, 1844
191:Fraser
887:Genus
470:CITES
396:from
306:Temne
265:. In
1116:NCBI
1103:IUCN
1090:GBIF
816:2012
757:2012
735:2017
685:2012
660:2022
586:ISBN
537:2021
520:2019
436:and
406:Mali
374:talk
232:The
122:Aves
1077:EoL
781:doi
619:doi
524:doi
412:in
392:of
271:TAG
246:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
