1743:
1653:
55:
1811:
1754:
1832:
1764:
1777:
33:
3755:
3738:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
3750:
3730:
1316:
depth charges (only two close), reloaded, and at 02:00, surfaced to resume the pursuit. She found a mass of radar contacts, and a slow-moving target, impossible to identify in the miserable visibility. As dawn neared, she fired another spread of three bow "fish" from 3,100 yd (2,800 m), scoring two more hits on the stricken carrier. Diving to elude the
Japanese counter-attack, which was hampered by the raging seas,
1185:. Following an unsuccessful attack on a destroyer on 2 December, the submarine made no other contacts until 25 December, when she believed she had scored a hit on a Japanese submarine. Postwar analysis of Japanese records could not confirm a sinking in the area. During the remainder of the patrol, she made unsuccessful attacks on a cargo ship and a destroyer before ending the patrol at Pearl Harbor on 15 January 1943.
650:
3319:
3295:
850:
the air for not more than ten seconds before she sank once again all the way to the bottom. Momsen said of the mishap, "pontoons were smashed, hoses cut and I might add, hearts were broken." After 20 more days of preparation, with a radically redesigned pontoon and cable arrangement, the next lift was successful, as were two further operations.
1327:
fired another spread of three torpedoes, from only 1,700 yd (1,600 m), scoring two final hits. Loud internal explosions and breaking-up noises were heard while the submarine dived to escape a depth charge attack. Abruptly, a cruiser appeared and, fearing that she would broach the surface,
1315:
maneuvered into firing position shortly after midnight on 3–4 December, dived to radar depth (just the radar aerial exposed), and fired four bow torpedoes at the carrier, at a range of 2,100 yd (1,900 m), scoring two hits. She went deep to escape the escorting destroyers, which dropped 21
1123:
went deep, a series of explosions were heard, and no further screw noises were detected. When the submarine surfaced in the area 90 minutes later, no ship was in sight. She was credited during the war with a 7000 ton ship, and although postwar examination of
Japanese records confirmed no sinking in
1031:
intercepted an enemy destroyer on 2 March. Following an unsuccessful attack, she was forced to dive deep to escape the ensuing depth charge attack from the destroyer and patrol aircraft. That night, near the mouth of Lombok Strait, she spotted what appeared to be the 38,200-long-ton (38,800 t)
849:
for buoyancy. On 13 July 1939, the stern was raised successfully, but when the men attempted to free the bow from the hard blue clay, the vessel began to rise far too quickly, slipping its cables. Ascending vertically, the submarine broke the surface, and 30 feet (10 m) of the bow reached into
844:
as his
Technical Aide. Tusler's plan was to lift the submarine in three stages to prevent it from rising too quickly, out of control, with one end up, in which case there would be a high likelihood of it sinking again. For 50 days, divers worked to pass cables underneath the submarine and attach
806:
as she incorporated a succession of new design features. With a thorough investigation of why she sank, more confidence could be placed in the new construction, or alteration of existing designs could be undertaken when cheapest and most efficient to do so. Furthermore, given similar previous
700:. Failure of the main induction valve (the means of letting in fresh air when on the surface) caused the flooding of the aft torpedo room, both engine rooms, and the crew's quarters, drowning 26 men immediately. Quick action by the crew prevented the other compartments from flooding.
1241:; in response, the subchaser, the aircraft, and three additional escorts, pinned her down in a gruelling depth charge attack lasting 10 hours and 98 charges but causing only slight damage. After shaking loose pursuit, she set course for Midway on 26 June, arriving there on 3 July.
1381:
caught up with the other freighter she was dead in the water, but covered by a screen of five destroyers. Rather than face suicidal odds, the submarine quietly left the area. On the night of 20 December, she intercepted an enemy hospital ship, which she left unmolested.
1393:
intercepted six large freighters escorted by three destroyers. With five torpedoes left, she fired a spread of three stern tubes, scoring two hits on the largest target. Diving to escape the approaching destroyers, the submarine detected breaking-up noises as
915:, the captain of the renamed boat issued standing orders if any man on the boat said the word "Squalus", he was to be marooned at the next port of call. This led to crew members referring to their boat as "Squailfish". That went over almost as well; a
1402:
terminated her tenth patrol at Pearl Harbor on 5 January 1944. She claimed three ships for 35,729 GRT, plus damage to one for 7000 tons, believed to be the most successful patrol by tonnage to date; postwar, it was reduced to two ships and (less
1447:
maneuvered into firing position and fired a spread of three torpedoes at a mine layer. One hit caused the tanker to disintegrate into a column of water, smoke and debris. It was not recorded in the postwar account. In fact the
1490:
closed on a second cargo ship of the convoy, scoring two hits out of four torpedoes fired. The submarine's crew felt the cargo ship either had been sunk or badly damaged, but the sinking was not confirmed by JANAC postwar.
1336:(20,000 long tons (20,321 t)) went to the bottom, the first aircraft carrier sunk by an American submarine in the war, and the only major Japanese warship sunk by enemy action in 1943. In an ironic twist,
982:
cruiser, making a daylight submerged attack with four torpedoes, and reporting the target was damaged, for which she got credit. However, the damage could not be assessed since the cruiser's two escorts forced
1672:
After being decommissioned on 27 October 1945, efforts by the city of
Portsmouth and area residents to have the submarine kept intact as a memorial were not successful. Agreement was reached to have her
1530:
duty. On 12 October, staying surfaced in full view of enemy attackers, she rescued 12 Navy fliers who had ditched their stricken aircraft after strikes against
Japanese bases on Formosa. She sank a
948:, but could not gain firing position. On the night of 13 December, she made contact with two Japanese destroyers and began a submerged attack; the destroyers detected her, dropping several
1595:
was forced to run silent and deep as the
Japanese kept up an uncomfortably accurate depth-charge attack. Finally, the submarine was able to elude the destroyers and slip away. Shortly,
1284:" in tube eight (aft), and (after the skipper himself went over the side to inspect the damage) ejected the torpedo; the tube remained out of commission for the duration of the patrol.
1361:
After escaping a strafing attack by a
Japanese fighter on 7 December, she made contact and commenced tracking two cargo ships with two escorts on the morning of 13 December, south of
1463:
escorted by three destroyers, on which she made radar contact shortly after midnight on 18–19 August. At 01:35, after getting as close as she was able, 3,500 yd (3,200 m),
1467:
fired all four bow tubes. One of the escorts ran into the path of two fish; the other two missed. While the destroyer must have been severely damaged or sunk, there was nothing in
1573:
fired a three-torpedo spread "down the throat" and headed toward the main convoy. At least one hit was scored on the destroyer and her pip faded from the radar screen. Suddenly,
2704:
1155:
956:
fired two torpedoes. Despite a large explosion nearby, no damage was done, and the destroyers counterattacked with 18–20 depth charges. She returned to Manila on 17 December.
1534:
and a patrol craft with her deck gun as the enemy craft tried to capture the downed aviators. The following day, she rescued another flier. The submarines pulled into
1320:
came to periscope depth, and at 07:58 saw the carrier lying dead in the water, listing to port and down by the stern. Preparations to abandon ship were in progress.
1632:, via the Panama Canal, on 22 January 1945. For the next four and one-half months, she aided training out of New London. Next, she operated as a training ship at
1162:. On the night of 17–18 September, she encountered eight Japanese destroyers escorting a cruiser, but she was unable to attack. On 19 September, she attacked a
768:. The divers were able to rescue all 33 survivors (32 crew members and a civilian) on board the sunken submarine. Four enlisted divers, Chief Machinist's Mate
1553:(890 tons) in Luzon Strait in position 20°08'N, 121°43'E but was slightly damaged herself by a bomb from a patrol aircraft. With battle damage under control,
3802:
1277:
1245:
1704:
1557:
eluded her pursuers and cleared the area. After riding out a typhoon on 9–10 November, she intercepted a convoy on the evening of 24 November heading for
3609:
1365:. That night, she fired a spread of four torpedoes at the two freighters. Two solid explosions were heard, including an internal secondary explosion.
1170:
was forced to dive deep to escape the depth charge counterattack. Eleven well-placed charges went off near the submarine, causing much minor damage.
854:
was towed into
Portsmouth on 13 September, and decommissioned on 15 November. A total of 628 dives had been made in rescue and salvage operations.
3471:
1495:
terminated her 11th patrol at Midway on 6 September; her wartime credit was four ships for 13,200 tons, a total reduced to just one of 2100 GRT (
1070:
1420:
3642:
3604:
1486:(2100 GRT) was enveloped in a cloud of smoke and shortly afterwards broke in two and sank. Surfacing after escaping a depth charge attack,
3329:
3305:
1210:
1541:
After returning to the patrol area with the wolf pack, she made an unsuccessful attack on a transport on 3 November. The following day,
1478:
made radar contact with an enemy convoy consisting of four cargo ships escorted by two small patrol craft. Moving into firing position,
3797:
1746:
228:
3380:
1686:
1281:
1927:
1701:, on 18 June 1948. Her conning tower still stands at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery as a memorial to her lost crewmen (
1294:
987:
to dive deep and run silent. Running at 260 ft (79 m), the submarine eluded the destroyers and proceeded south toward
3792:
3338:
1280:) with a rejuvenated crew, on 17 November for her 10th patrol, which took her south of Honshū. Along the way, she suffered a "
3202:
3093:
2319:
1682:
1665:
3310:
1209:. Several contacts were made but, because of bad weather, were not attacked. On 15 June, she encountered two freighters off
1302:
1049:
dove, the escorts delivering forty depth charges in the next 90 minutes. She eluded destroyers and aircraft and arrived at
738:
3247:
2344:
3782:
3464:
1599:
headed for Hawaii, via Midway, and completed her 12th and final war patrol upon arriving at Pearl Harbor on 11 December.
3334:
2238:
672:
3440:
3417:
1604:
2194:
1581:
ran deep after ascertaining there was no hull damage resulting from a near miss from the escort's guns. For the next 4
3635:
3274:, 24 May 1939 – 12 September 1939. Kensington, Maryland: Reprinted by Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society, 2001
3146:
3120:
3032:
2410:
2067:
1415:
After an extensive overhaul at Mare Island—from 15–17 June—she returned to Hawaii and sailed on 9 July as part of a "
837:
3749:
3745:
3354:
1201:
returned to Pearl Harbor on 30 April. Departing Hawaii on 17 May for her eighth patrol, she stopped off to fuel at
3000:
1053:, on 19 March, to great fanfare, believed to be the first U.S. sub to have sunk an enemy carrier. In reality, the
836:, Commandant of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, who supervised salvage officer Lieutenant Floyd A. Tusler from the
515:
during test dives on 23 May 1939. The sinking drowned 26 crew members, but an ensuing rescue operation, using the
3787:
3758:
3754:
2932:
1629:
1065:
had been nowhere in the area of Lombok Strait, and the target had in fact been the 6,440-long-ton (6,540 t)
3657:
3457:
2964:
1816:
1757:
1507:
Her 12th patrol—from 26 September through 11 December—was conducted between Luzon and
Formosa, in company with
1036:
2900:
2466:
873:. After reconditioning, repair, and overhaul, she was recommissioned on 15 May 1940 with Lieutenant Commander
2330:, 99 of 103 crew, other naval personnel and civilian technical observers died from carbon dioxide poisoning.
2284:
1577:
received an unwelcome surprise when she came under fire from the destroyer that she had believed to be sunk.
1693:
tests or sunk by conventional ordnance. However, she was placed on sale in March 1948 and stricken from the
3628:
2095:
1050:
901:
878:
2667:, pp. 463 & 930. At the time, Moore was not given credit for the sinkings, and was transferred.
2131:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
2794:
1835:
1742:
1698:
1194:
356:
1876:
and the rescue of her 33 survivors. The plot was written to closely follow the events of the sinking.
261:
3358:
3010:
2942:
2910:
2476:
2141:
2100:
1776:
1657:
1641:
1633:
1107:. On 4 July, she intercepted and tracked a large freighter, but discovered the intended target was a
1096:", she made only one ship contact and was unable to attack the target before returning to Fremantle.
1088:
s fourth patrol, from 22 March–21 May. After delivering 1,856 rounds of anti-aircraft ammunition to "
662:
609:
551:
92:
2617:"Sailfish (SS-192) of the US Navy - American Submarine of the Sargo class - Allied Warships of WWII"
1398:(6400 GRT) went to the bottom; destroyers counterattacked with 31 depth charges, "some very close".
1332:
went to 90 ft (27 m), losing a chance at this new target. Shortly afterwards, the carrier
1652:
1066:
976:
447:
3168:(Television movie. The film does not acknowledge any design flaw and claims the cause is unknown.)
1538:, arriving on 24 October, to drop off their temporary passengers, refuel, and make minor repairs.
468:
2351:. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center. 20 July 2000. Archived from
1767:
1569:
was moving into an attack position when one of the escorting destroyers headed straight for her.
1416:
760:
diving schedules and successfully avoided the cognitive impairment symptoms associated with such
749:
721:
617:
3620:
2524:, p. 143. The depth charge attack caused Mumma to suffer a breakdown, and he was relieved.
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
3588:
3579:
3542:
3535:
3272:
Log of Diving During Rescue and
Salvage Operations of the USS Squalus: Diving Log of USS Falcon
2829:
Waterhouse, John W. (9 July 1944 – 15 January 1945). "Private Journal of John. W. Waterhouse".
1637:
1424:
1377:) break up and sink as the destroyers made a vigorous but inaccurate depth charge attack. When
1374:
1358:
were killed. None, however, were of the original rescue crew. 1,250 Japanese were also killed.
1024:
1020:
905:
1301:
contact at 9,000 yd (8,200 m). The group consisted of the Japanese aircraft carrier
3480:
3005:
2937:
2905:
2471:
2400:
2374:
2278:
2169:
2136:
2059:
1694:
1430:
808:
745:
725:
516:
492:
361:
335:
254:
464:
3563:
3549:
3515:
2541:
2175:
1341:
1288:
814:
799:
in Liverpool Bay in England just a week later, with four survivors from 104 people aboard.
715:
585:
353:
346:
8:
3777:
2974:
2547:
2105:
1514:
1045:
fired four torpedoes, scoring two hits. Leaving the target aflame and dead in the water,
1010:
960:
1810:
1753:
3494:
1986:
with the loss of 99 of 104 hands and was refloated and recommissioned under a new name.
1610:
1253:
728:
624:
597:
2616:
788:
for their work during the rescue and subsequent salvage. The successful rescue of the
3426:
3208:
3198:
3142:
3116:
3099:
3089:
2406:
2315:
2258:
2250:
2219:
2063:
1116:
1089:
777:
773:
765:
628:
3241:
USS Squalus (SS-192) The Sinking, Rescue of Survivors, and Subsequent Salvage, 1939.
3191:
1831:
3139:"Execute Against Japan" The U.S. Decision to Conduct Unrestricted Subnarine Warfare
3131:
Disasters of the Deep: A Comprehensive Survey of Submarine Accidents and Disasters.
2978:
2109:
1975:
1865:
1847:
1217:. Firing a spread of three stern torpedoes, she observed one hit which stopped the
1058:
1033:
846:
793:
753:
631:
367:
888:
departed Portsmouth on 16 January 1941 and headed for the Pacific. Transiting the
3444:
3421:
3403:
3393:
3251:
2969:
2433:
1763:
1159:
1104:
874:
781:
769:
666:
454:
374:
265:
1099:
The submarine's fifth patrol—from 13 June through 1 August—was off the coast of
896:
in early March, after refueling at San Diego. The submarine then sailed west to
3258:
Salvage of the Squalus: Clippings from Newspapers, 25 May 20 January 1939, 1941
3244:
2429:
2352:
1689:. The remainder of the submarine was initially scheduled to be a target in the
1661:
1435:, to prey on shipping in the Luzon–Formosa area. On the afternoon of 6 August,
1293:
of a fast convoy of Japanese ships before she arrived on station. Southeast of
1249:
1158:) got underway for her sixth patrol on 13 September and headed for the western
785:
741:
734:
620:
589:
555:
370:
97:
3771:
3508:
3325:
3301:
3173:
Back from the Deep: The Strange Story of the Sister Subs Squalus and Sculpin.
2528:, p. 78, fn 74) mistakenly attributes it to "sonar-equipped destroyers".
2254:
2223:
2181:
1983:
1942:
1929:
1921:
1869:
1719:
1706:
1678:
1674:
1257:
1202:
1108:
1007:
999:
988:
916:
869:
on 9 February 1940, she became the first boat of the U.S. Navy named for the
841:
833:
687:
674:
547:
512:
409:
342:
3434:
3411:
3212:
3057:
2262:
1962:
the first of which, called "Hanging by a Thread", told the story of the USS
3556:
3193:
The Terrible Hours: The Man Behind the Greatest Submarine Rescue in History
2551:
1917:
1884:
1824:
1141:
1016:
949:
893:
889:
613:
543:
539:
450:
223:
219:
41:(SS-192), off the Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, California, 13 April 1943
20:
3280:
3103:
2387:
to rise too fast, get out of control, up end and slip to the bottom again.
412:(13,000 mi; 20,000 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)
3701:
3667:
3449:
1857:
1820:
1690:
1508:
1386:
1362:
1261:
1182:
1078:
912:
761:
711:
581:
535:
392:
1233:, three ships with a subchaser and, unusually, an aircraft, for escort.
936:
departed Manila on her first war patrol, destined for the west coast of
3710:
3186:
3157:
3081:
2500:, p. 143. No crewmembers are known to have been marooned, however.
1916:, which also was shot in Malta. The replica is still afloat, moored in
1697:
on 30 April 1948. The hulk was sold for scrapping to Luria Brothers of
1460:
1112:
1111:
and held her fire. On 9 July, she intercepted and torpedoed a Japanese
972:
339:
32:
665:. After successfully completing 18 dives, she went down again off the
3501:
3001:"USS Sailfish Will Be Used in Tests of Counter-Measures to Atom Bomb"
2738:, p. 528. In that weather, these were of questionable necessity.
1861:
1850:
1527:
1214:
1163:
1132:(8811 GRT) off the coast of Indochina in position 11°31'N, 109°21'E.
1100:
1093:
992:
968:
945:
637:
498:
268:
1206:
2708:
2212:
Pressure, Newsletter of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
1905:
1147:
1138:
observed only one other enemy vessel before the end of the patrol.
1003:
870:
471:
180:
3223:, Ship Source Files, Ships History Branch, Naval Historical Center
2691:, p. 464. On return, Lefavour was transferred to small craft.
1482:
fired a salvo of four torpedoes, scoring two hits. The cargo ship
998:
Departing on 19 February for her third patrol, she headed through
940:. Early on 10 December, she sighted a landing force, supported by
927:
3650:
1558:
1308:
1307:, a cruiser, and two destroyers. Despite high seas whipped up by
1225:
was driven down by the escort, but listened on her sound gear as
1115:. One of a pair of torpedoes struck home and the ship took a 15°
941:
820:
601:
546:. She was decommissioned in October 1945 and later scrapped. Her
457:
80:
3381:
Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images: USS
1276:
After refit at Pearl Harbor, she departed (under the command of
649:
519:
for the first time, saved the lives of the remaining 33 aboard.
2056:
Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants
1535:
1531:
1354:—over four years before. Twenty of the 21 US crew members from
1230:
1188:
964:
897:
825:, as far back as 1920), it was necessary to determine a cause.
757:
1882:
used models and sets originally constructed for the 2000 film
1057:
was scuttled in June, 1942, after damage sustained during the
1901:
1468:
1298:
1271:
937:
605:
593:
559:
420:
48 hours at 2 kn (2.3 mph; 3.7 km/h) submerged
2405:(2nd ed.). Courier Dover Publications. pp. 82–83.
2076:
577:
1958:
In 2006, BBC TV presented a series of programmes entitled
1502:
3163:
1456:(238 GRT) in Luzon Strait in position 20°09'N, 121°19'E.
2210:"Dr. Shilling steps down as UMS leader after 13 years".
2053:
1142:
Sixth and seventh patrols: September 1942 – January 1943
748:. The Senior Medical Officer for the operations was Dr.
398:
8.75 kn (10.07 mph; 16.21 km/h) submerged
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2719:
2717:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
1410:
1256:. It produced only two contacts (a 2500 ton steamer at
963:
begun on 21 December, took the submarine to waters off
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
1229:
broke up and sank. Ten days later, she found a second
720:. The two submarines were able to communicate using a
2239:"A brief history of diving and decompression illness"
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
2965:"Conning Tower of U.S.S. Sailfish made War Memorial"
2874:
2837:
2800:
2772:
2741:
2714:
2670:
2639:
2627:
2588:
2576:
2557:
2503:
2447:
3610:
List of submarine classes of the United States Navy
2600:
2375:"The Rescue and Salvage of the Submarine "Squalus""
1248:) lasted from 25 July–16 September and covered the
1205:and proceeded to her station off the east coast of
733:began rescue operations under the direction of the
3265:Technical Report of the Salvage of U.S.S. Squalus.
3190:
2703:, pp. 527 & 940. Not to be confused with
2187:
1997:
1872:, depicted the events surrounding the loss of USS
1749:for outstanding performance on her 10th war patrol
1346:, the same boat that had helped locate and rescue
857:
3243:Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1998.
2243:South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal
565:
280:1,450 long tons (1,473 t) standard, surfaced
3769:
1982:, a British World War II submarine that sank in
1177:Underway for her seventh patrol on 24 November,
802:The navy authorities felt it important to raise
523:was salvaged in late 1939 and recommissioned as
2711:after the unfortunate experience with Lefavour.
1677:saved, which was dedicated in November 1946 on
1636:from 9 June–9 August. After a six-week stay at
928:First five patrols: December 1941 – August 1942
792:survivors is in marked contrast to the loss of
534:, the vessel conducted numerous patrols in the
2550:'s Chief of Staff, and a crucial liaison with
2161:
2159:
1628:departed Hawaii on 26 December and arrived at
1287:After refueling at Midway, she was alerted by
704:bottomed in 243 ft (74 m) of water.
3651:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in May 1939
3636:
3465:
3270:Falcon (Salvage ship), and Albert R. Behnke.
2933:"Sailfish Bridge, Conning Tower May Be Saved"
2424:
2422:
2402:Great news photos and the stories behind them
1522:After passing through the edge of a typhoon,
1061:, in that vicinity. Postwar, it was revealed
3803:World War II submarines of the United States
3605:List of submarines of the United States Navy
3245:http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq99-1.htm
3033:"Remembering the USS Squalus 75 years later"
2901:"Final Tribute Paid to Gallant USS Sailfish"
2265:. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008
2054:Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991).
1340:was carrying American prisoners of war from
1189:Eighth and ninth patrols: May–September 1943
1166:. The spread of three torpedoes missed, and
959:Her second patrol (now under the command of
840:. Cole also requested experienced Commander
3330:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
3306:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
3260:. Newport News, Va: Mariners' Museum, 1942.
3175:Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1994.
3133:Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 2003.
3075:Blow All Ballast! The Story of the Squalus.
2312:Thetis Down – The Slow Death of a Submarine
2184:design was adopted for new Navy-built subs.
2156:
1237:once more fired three stern tubes, sinking
995:on 14 February for refueling and rearming.
832:salvage unit was commanded by Rear Admiral
657:On 12 May 1939, following a yard overhaul,
3643:
3629:
3479:
3472:
3458:
2828:
2419:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
1966:rescue mission, as narrated by Paul Rose.
1272:Tenth patrol: November 1943 – January 1944
919:was threatened for anyone heard using it.
3234:Department's Report on "Squalus" Disaster
2203:
2180:. After this accident, the more reliable
2168:, p. 67. A repeat of incidents with
967:. On the morning of 27 January 1942, off
3355:"Squalus sinking: A tragedy and triumph"
3324:This article incorporates text from the
3300:This article incorporates text from the
3278:Diving in the U.S. Navy a brief history.
3110:
2345:"USS Squalus (SS-192): Salvage of, 1939"
2082:
2030:
1651:
1128:had damaged the Japanese transport ship
764:, thereby confirming Behnke's theory of
724:until the cable parted. Divers from the
648:
283:2,350 long tons (2,388 t) submerged
19:For other ships with the same name, see
3281:http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS88384
3267:Portsmouth, N.H.: U.S. Navy Yard, 1939.
3136:
2525:
2036:
1503:Twelfth patrol: September–December 1944
1297:, on the night of 3 December, she made
884:With refit completed in mid-September,
322:2,740 hp (2,040 kW) submerged
3770:
3256:Mariners' Museum (Newport News, Va.).
3197:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
2434:"Rescue and Salvage of U.S.S. Squalus"
2428:
2381:. Time Inc. 12 June 1939. p. 29.
2334:was also recovered and recommissioned.
2230:
1660:, seen during a 2013 visit by General
1656:Conning tower of SS-192 on display at
932:Following the attack on Pearl Harbor,
511:, the submarine sank off the coast of
319:5,500 hp (4,100 kW) surfaced
3624:
3453:
3080:
2887:
2860:
2848:
2824:
2822:
2813:
2793:, pp. 529–530. It earned Ward a
2790:
2778:
2766:
2735:
2723:
2700:
2688:
2676:
2664:
2652:
2633:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2537:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2453:
2398:
2309:
2236:
2165:
2062:: Greenwood Press. pp. 269–270.
1666:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1565:of the convoy's location and course,
1419:" ("Moseley's Maulers", commanded by
1268:thereafter returned to Pearl Harbor.
756:, the divers used recently developed
309:16 ft 7.5 in (5.067 m)
51:
3352:
3185:
3077:New York: Dodd, Mead & Co, 1940.
2349:Naval History & Heritage Command
2199:. U.S. Naval Submarine School. 1966.
1735:
1411:Eleventh patrol: July–September 1944
1174:returned to Brisbane on 1 November.
395:(24 mph; 39 km/h) surfaced
293:310 ft 6 in (94.64 m)
16:Sargo-class submarine of the US Navy
3226:"Oliver Francis Naquin," Obituary,
2467:"Sailfish Leaves For Pacific Fleet"
1900:is the non-diving replica built in
1619:
1561:in the Philippines. After alerting
1443:made contact with an enemy convoy.
1385:On 21 December, in the approach to
1146:Shifting her base of operations to
301:26 ft 10 in (8.18 m)
13:
3346:
3263:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (U.S.).
3141:. Texas A&M University Press.
2819:
2096:"New Submarine, Squalus, Launched"
1264:), but no worthwhile targets, and
345:(two hydraulic-drive, two driving
14:
3814:
3798:United States submarine accidents
3374:
3182:New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
2540:, p. 144. Former skipper of
1864:as Charles B. "Swede" Momsen and
661:began a series of test dives off
3753:
3748:
3736:
3728:
3317:
3293:
3236:. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1939.
2707:. He had an almost entirely new
1830:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1762:
1752:
1741:
1474:On 24 August, south of Formosa,
616:by Mrs. Thomas C. Hart, wife of
53:
31:
3333:. The entries can be found
3239:Naval Historical Center (U.S.).
3066:
3051:
3025:
2993:
2957:
2925:
2893:
2854:
2784:
2729:
2694:
2682:
2658:
2531:
2515:
2491:
2459:
2392:
2367:
2337:
2303:
2291:
1644:on 2 October for deactivation.
1545:damaged the Japanese destroyer
1244:Her ninth patrol (commanded by
1181:proceeded to the area south of
1041:, escorted by four destroyers.
922:
653:SS-192 in drydock after salvage
3353:Kerr, D. Allan (19 May 2019).
2863:, p. 702. Her packmates,
2124:
2112:. 15 September 1938. p. 1
2088:
1888:. The floating set used to in
1817:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
1758:American Defense Service Medal
1603:had damaged the IJN destroyer
1526:arrived on station to perform
566:Construction and commissioning
1:
3793:Ships built in Kittery, Maine
3309:. The entry can be found
3287:
3013:. 16 November 1945. p. 1
2981:. 11 November 1946. p. 2
2945:. 14 December 1945. p. 1
2132:"Sub Squalus Is Commissioned"
881:, Class of 1930) in command.
710:was initially located by her
3113:U.S. Submarines Through 1945
3088:. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
2913:. 29 October 1945. p. 1
2479:. 16 January 1941. p. 1
2314:. Pen & Sword Maritime.
2196:Submarine Casualties Booklet
1609:, which had previously sunk
1051:Fremantle, Western Australia
1015:and two escorts heading for
669:on the morning of 23 May at
453:(four forward, four aft; 24
7:
3021:– via newspapers.com.
2989:– via newspapers.com.
2953:– via newspapers.com.
2921:– via newspapers.com.
2487:– via newspapers.com.
2152:– via newspapers.com.
2120:– via newspapers.com.
1969:
1841:
1687:Under Secretary of the Navy
1647:
1616:, and also a landing ship.
1124:the area on that date, the
1074:, still a valuable target.
10:
3819:
3783:Maritime incidents in 1939
3400:at NavSource Naval History
3137:Holwitt, Joel Ira (2009).
1836:World War II Victory Medal
1747:Presidential Unit Citation
1699:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1549:and Japanese landing ship
1197:from 27 January–22 April,
1195:Mare Island Naval Shipyard
1154:(now under the command of
584:on 18 October 1937 by the
229:Presidential Unit Citation
18:
3723:
3691:
3656:
3600:
3574:
3490:
3359:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
3115:. Naval Institute Press.
3011:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
2943:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
2911:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
2477:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
2383:Any slip might cause the
2283:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2144:. 2 March 1939. p. 6
2142:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
2101:The Burlington Free Press
1943:35.8794444°N 14.4972000°E
1920:in the inner part of the
1658:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
1642:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
772:, Chief Boatswain's Mate
752:. Overseen by researcher
742:Charles B. "Swede" Momsen
663:Portsmouth, New Hampshire
552:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
245:
93:Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
46:
30:
3412:fleetsubmarine.com: USS
2871:, were similarly denied.
1990:
3443:2 December 2008 at the
3427:On Eternal Patrol: USS
3420:29 October 2015 at the
2546:, he went on to become
1768:American Campaign Medal
1720:43.082056°N 70.738528°W
858:Operational history of
750:Charles Wesley Shilling
642:and recommissioning as
596:, the only ship of the
436:5 officers, 54 enlisted
428:250 ft (76 m)
246:General characteristics
3788:Sargo-class submarines
3250:6 January 2015 at the
3073:Barrows, Nathaniel A.
1948:35.8794444; 14.4972000
1892:to represent both USS
1669:
1638:Philadelphia Navy Yard
1459:The next target was a
1452:had sunk the Japanese
1323:Later in the morning,
1025:Battle of the Java Sea
906:attack on Pearl Harbor
654:
612:on 14 September 1938,
465:3 in (76 mm)
3156:Keach, James (2000).
3111:Friedman, N. (1995).
3006:The Portsmouth Herald
2938:The Portsmouth Herald
2906:The Portsmouth Herald
2705:Norvell G. "Bub" Ward
2472:The Portsmouth Herald
2300:, 23 May 2019, p. 53.
2137:The Portsmouth Herald
2060:Westport, Connecticut
1725:43.082056; -70.738528
1695:Naval Vessel Register
1655:
1193:After an overhaul at
1156:John R. "Dinty" Moore
1006:. After sighting the
900:where she joined the
780:and Chief Torpedoman
746:McCann Rescue Chamber
726:submarine rescue ship
722:telephone marker buoy
652:
627:on 1 March 1939 with
517:McCann Rescue Chamber
347:electrical generators
3361:: seacoastonline.com
3058:Voyages of Discovery
2399:Faber, John (1978).
2310:Booth, Tony (2008).
1960:Voyages of Discovery
1213:, escorted by three
739:Lieutenant Commander
586:Portsmouth Navy Yard
3230:, 15 November. 1989
2975:Oakland, California
2548:Charles A. Lockwood
2218:(2): 1, 6–8. 1992.
2106:Burlington, Vermont
1939: /
1716: /
1278:Robert E. McC. Ward
1246:William R. Lefavour
1221:dead in the water.
784:, were awarded the
776:, Chief Metalsmith
684: /
501:, originally named
125:Mrs. Thomas C. Hart
3404:hazegray.org: USS
3228:The New York Times
3162:(Film). New York:
2432:(6 October 1939).
2430:Momsen, Charles B.
2355:on 5 December 2010
2237:Acott, C. (1999).
2085:, pp. 202–204
2033:, pp. 305–311
1904:as the "modified"
1670:
1081:were the areas of
838:Construction Corps
737:and rescue expert
655:
598:United States Navy
160:13 September 1939
3765:
3764:
3618:
3617:
3484:-class submarines
3435:Kill record: USS
3204:978-0-06-019480-2
3095:978-0-397-01089-9
2321:978-1-84415-859-1
1736:Honors and awards
1640:, she arrived at
1624:Following refit,
1389:(Bungo Channel),
1291:
1077:The Java Sea and
991:. She arrived at
892:, she arrived at
778:James H. McDonald
774:Orson L. Crandall
766:nitrogen narcosis
688:42.883°N 70.617°W
550:is on display at
482:
481:
172:, 9 February 1940
149:Sunk and salvaged
122:Sponsored by
117:14 September 1938
3810:
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3037:navalhistory.org
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2979:Associated Press
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2110:Associated Press
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2028:
1954:
1953:
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1936:
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1932:
1866:James B. Sikking
1848:television movie
1834:
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1709:
1683:John L. Sullivan
1620:Return stateside
1590:
1589:
1585:
1289:
1087:
1059:Battle of Midway
1034:aircraft carrier
975:, she sighted a
754:Albert R. Behnke
744:, using the new
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
689:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
632:Oliver F. Naquin
575:
476:4 Ă— machine guns
448:21 inch (533 mm)
368:General Electric
262:diesel-hydraulic
141:15 November 1939
61:
58:
57:
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3692:Other incidents
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3596:
3570:
3486:
3478:
3445:Wayback Machine
3422:Wayback Machine
3377:
3364:
3362:
3349:
3347:Further reading
3318:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3252:Wayback Machine
3205:
3155:
3149:
3123:
3096:
3082:Blair, Clay Jr.
3069:
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3016:
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2999:
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2970:Oakland Tribune
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2083:Friedman (1995)
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2037:
2031:Friedman (1995)
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1998:
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1582:
1505:
1413:
1407:) 29,571 tons.
1274:
1252:and waters off
1191:
1160:Solomon Islands
1144:
1105:South China Sea
1085:
961:Richard G. Voge
930:
925:
875:Morton C. Mumma
863:
782:John Mihalowski
770:William Badders
693:42.883; -70.617
692:
690:
686:
683:
678:
675:
673:
671:
670:
667:Isles of Shoals
647:
573:
568:
542:, earning nine
375:reduction gears
371:electric motors
366:4 Ă— high-speed
314:Installed power
266:diesel-electric
212:
198:27 October 1945
109:18 October 1937
59:
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3375:External links
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2890:, p. 953.
2873:
2853:
2851:, p. 702.
2836:
2831:Primary Source
2818:
2816:, p. 701.
2799:
2783:
2781:, p. 553.
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2769:, p. 529.
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1910: (SS-138)
1856:, directed by
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1662:Martin Dempsey
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1646:
1634:Guantanamo Bay
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1618:
1504:
1501:
1412:
1409:
1273:
1270:
1250:Formosa Strait
1190:
1187:
1143:
1140:
1067:aircraft ferry
1023:defeat in the
1019:following the
929:
926:
924:
921:
862:
856:
786:Medal of Honor
646:
636:
621:Thomas C. Hart
600:named for the
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231:, tenth patrol
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3148:9781603440837
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2019:
2017:
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2009:
2007:
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2003:
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1996:
1985:
1984:Liverpool Bay
1981:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1934:14°29′49.92″E
1931:35°52′46.00″N
1923:
1922:Grand Harbour
1919:
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1909:
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1071:Kamogawa Maru
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1005:
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1000:Lombok Strait
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950:depth charges
947:
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914:
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902:Asiatic Fleet
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842:Henry Hartley
839:
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834:Cyrus W. Cole
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807:accidents in
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548:conning tower
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527:in May 1940.
526:
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513:New Hampshire
510:
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338:Model 16-248
337:
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206:30 April 1948
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60:United States
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26:
22:
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3509:
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3495:
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3436:
3428:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3386:
3382:
3363:. Retrieved
3332:
3323:
3308:
3299:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3192:
3180:The Rescuer.
3179:
3172:
3171:LaVO, Carl.
3158:
3138:
3130:
3112:
3085:
3074:
3067:Bibliography
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3036:
3027:
3015:. Retrieved
3004:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2968:
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2904:
2895:
2888:Blair (1975)
2868:
2864:
2861:Blair (1975)
2856:
2849:Blair (1975)
2830:
2814:Blair (1975)
2791:Blair (1975)
2786:
2779:Blair (1975)
2774:
2767:Blair (1975)
2736:Blair (1975)
2731:
2724:Blair (1975)
2701:Blair (1975)
2696:
2689:Blair (1975)
2684:
2677:Blair (1975)
2672:
2665:Blair (1975)
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2653:Blair (1975)
2634:Blair (1975)
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2620:
2595:Blair (1975)
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2583:Blair (1975)
2578:
2571:Blair (1975)
2542:
2538:Blair (1975)
2533:
2522:Blair (1975)
2517:
2510:Blair (1975)
2505:
2498:Blair (1975)
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2470:
2461:
2454:Blair (1975)
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2401:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:the original
2348:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2279:cite journal
2267:. Retrieved
2246:
2242:
2232:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2195:
2189:
2176:
2170:
2166:Blair (1975)
2146:. Retrieved
2135:
2126:
2114:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2078:
2055:
1977:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1955:) at Malta.
1913:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1853:
1845:
1825:World War II
1821:battle stars
1711:70°44′18.7″W
1708:43°04′55.4″N
1671:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
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1574:
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1566:
1562:
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1509:
1506:
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1479:
1475:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1421:Stan Moseley
1414:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1373:(3,000
1370:
1366:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1286:
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1243:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1198:
1192:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1130:Aobasan Maru
1129:
1125:
1120:
1098:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1017:Sunda Strait
1011:
997:
984:
977:
958:
953:
933:
931:
923:World War II
910:
894:Pearl Harbor
890:Panama Canal
885:
883:
866:
864:
859:
851:
829:
827:
821:
819:(indeed, in
815:
809:
803:
801:
795:
789:
729:
716:
707:
706:
701:
658:
656:
643:
639:
634:in command.
625:commissioned
604:, a type of
570:
569:
544:battle stars
540:World War II
531:
529:
524:
520:
508:
503:
502:
493:
486:
484:
483:
408:11,000
357:
275:Displacement
255:
224:World War II
220:battle stars
187:Commissioned
169:
154:
133:1 March 1939
130:Commissioned
70:
38:
25:
21:USS Sailfish
3702:Seisho Maru
3187:Maas, Peter
1980: (N25)
1946: /
1868:as Admiral
1858:James Keach
1723: /
1691:atomic bomb
1499:) postwar.
1454:Kinshu Maru
1387:Bungo Suido
1227:Shinju Maru
1183:New Britain
1079:Celebes Sea
913:Pacific War
911:During the
712:sister boat
691: /
638:Sinking of
536:Pacific War
491:, was a US
190:15 May 1940
3778:1938 ships
3772:Categories
3746:April 1939
3668:HMAS
3658:Shipwrecks
3288:References
2795:Navy Cross
2439:19 January
2359:19 January
1870:Cyrus Cole
1819:with nine
1630:New London
1461:battleship
1371:Totai Maru
1239:Iburi Maru
1215:subchasers
1094:guerrillas
946:destroyers
904:until the
762:deep dives
629:Lieutenant
608:. She was
433:Complement
425:Test depth
379:2 Ă— shafts
329:Propulsion
260:composite
211:Honors and
3759:June 1939
3544:Seadragon
3537:Swordfish
3510:Spearfish
3159:Submerged
2865:Greenling
2621:uboat.net
2255:0813-1988
2224:0889-0242
1976:HMS
1906:USS
1890:Submerged
1880:Submerged
1862:Sam Neill
1854:Submerged
1851:docudrama
1846:The 2001
1611:USS
1528:lifeguard
1497:Toan Maru
1484:Toan Maru
1441:Greenling
1426:Greenling
1211:Todo Saki
1164:minelayer
1113:freighter
1101:Indochina
1090:MacArthur
993:Tjilatjap
969:Halmahera
879:Annapolis
794:HMS
614:sponsored
499:submarine
458:torpedoes
417:Endurance
362:batteries
269:submarine
106:Laid down
3709:21 May:
3677:23 May:
3558:Searaven
3530:Sailfish
3441:Archived
3437:Sailfish
3418:Archived
3414:Sailfish
3406:Sailfish
3398:Sailfish
3389:(SS-192)
3387:Sailfish
3248:Archived
3213:41504915
3189:(1999).
3084:(1975).
2869:Billfish
2709:wardroom
2269:17 March
2263:16986801
2171:Sturgeon
1970:See also
1896:and USS
1842:In media
1648:Post war
1626:Sailfish
1606:Harukaze
1601:Sailfish
1597:Sailfish
1593:Sailfish
1579:Sailfish
1575:Sailfish
1571:Sailfish
1567:Sailfish
1555:Sailfish
1547:Harukaze
1543:Sailfish
1524:Sailfish
1493:Sailfish
1488:Sailfish
1480:Sailfish
1476:Sailfish
1465:Sailfish
1450:Sailfish
1445:Sailfish
1437:Sailfish
1432:Billfish
1423:), with
1417:wolfpack
1405:Uyo Maru
1400:Sailfish
1396:Uyo Maru
1391:Sailfish
1379:Sailfish
1367:Sailfish
1348:Sailfish
1330:Sailfish
1325:Sailfish
1318:Sailfish
1313:Sailfish
1295:Yokosuka
1266:Sailfish
1260:, and a
1235:Sailfish
1223:Sailfish
1199:Sailfish
1179:Sailfish
1172:Sailfish
1168:Sailfish
1152:Sailfish
1148:Brisbane
1136:Sailfish
1126:Sailfish
1121:Sailfish
1083:Sailfish
1047:Sailfish
1043:Sailfish
1029:Sailfish
1004:Java Sea
985:Sailfish
954:Sailfish
952:, while
942:cruisers
934:Sailfish
886:Sailfish
871:sailfish
867:Sailfish
865:Renamed
860:Sailfish
847:pontoons
810:Sturgeon
644:Sailfish
610:launched
532:Sailfish
525:Sailfish
489:(SS-192)
487:Sailfish
472:deck gun
441:Armament
391:21
352:2 Ă— 126-
203:Stricken
181:sailfish
177:Namesake
170:Sailfish
114:Launched
77:Namesake
39:Sailfish
3699:6 May:
3681:Squalus
3666:9 May:
3565:Seawolf
3551:Sealion
3524:Squalus
3517:Sculpin
3429:Squalus
3383:Squalus
3221:Squalus
3043:5 April
2833:. p. 5.
2543:Sealion
2385:Squalus
2298:Express
2177:Snapper
1964:Squalus
1898:Sculpin
1894:Squalus
1874:Squalus
1827:service
1685:, then
1664:, then
1591:hours,
1586:⁄
1563:Pomfret
1559:Itbayat
1510:Pomfret
1356:Sculpin
1352:Squalus
1343:Sculpin
1311:winds,
1309:typhoon
1282:hot run
1254:Okinawa
1103:in the
1012:Houston
1002:to the
971:, near
965:Formosa
852:Squalus
830:Squalus
816:Snapper
804:Squalus
790:Squalus
735:salvage
717:Sculpin
708:Squalus
702:Squalus
679:70°37′W
676:42°53′N
659:Squalus
640:Squalus
618:Admiral
602:squalus
590:Kittery
571:Squalus
556:Kittery
538:during
521:Squalus
509:Squalus
504:Squalus
455:Mark 14
165:Renamed
87:Builder
81:squalus
71:Squalus
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3670:Tattoo
3590:Tambor
3581:Salmon
3365:20 May
3322:
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3104:821363
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2985:21 May
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2328:Thetis
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2116:21 May
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1536:Saipan
1532:sampan
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1369:heard
1363:Kyūshū
1350:—then
1231:convoy
1207:Honshū
1021:Allied
980:-class
898:Manila
796:Thetis
758:heliox
730:Falcon
623:, and
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290:Length
258:-class
213:awards
155:Raised
3713:Crane
3711:USFS
3592:class
3583:class
3503:Saury
3496:Sargo
3482:Sargo
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1991:Notes
1918:Marsa
1914:U-571
1902:Malta
1885:U-571
1681:, by
1613:Shark
1551:T-111
1469:JANAC
1338:Chūyō
1334:Chūyō
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1299:radar
1290:ULTRA
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973:Davao
938:Luzon
877:Jr. (
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494:Sargo
405:Range
386:Speed
373:with
358:Sargo
306:Draft
256:Sargo
218:nine
3742:1940
3734:1939
3726:1938
3679:USS
3367:2019
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3335:here
3311:here
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3209:OCLC
3199:ISBN
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3090:ISBN
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3019:2019
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2361:2011
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2271:2009
2259:OCLC
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1823:for
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