39:
717:
332:"Tedisio d'Oria, Ugolino Vivaldi and a brother of the latter, together with a few other citizens of Genoa, initiated an expedition which no one up to that time had ever attempted. They fitted out two galleys in splendid fashion. Having stocked them with provision, water and other necessities, they sent them on their way, in the month of May, toward the
499:
who was in this city "searching for his father who had left in two galleys, as I have already explained, and they gave him every honor, but when this Sor Leone wanted to traverse to the empire of
Graciona to search for his father, the emperor of Magdasor did not allow it, because way was doubtful and
336:
in order that the galleys might sail through the ocean sea to India and return with useful merchandise. The two above-mentioned brothers went on the vessels in person, and also two
Franciscan friars; all of which truly astonished those who witnessed them as well as those who heard of them. After
487:. "They told me in this city of Graciona that the Genoese who escaped the galley that was wrecked at Amenuan were brought (betrayed?) here, but it was never known what became of the other galley which escaped." When the traveling friar moves on to the neighboring city of
986:
El Libro del Conosçimiento de todos los rregnos et tierras e señorĂos que son por el mundo et de las señales et armas que han cada tierra y señorĂo por sy y de los reyes y señores que los proueen, escrito por un franciscano español á mediados del siglo
467:, a semi-fantastical travelogue written by an anonymous Spanish friar in c.1350–1385. There are two passages relating to the Vivaldi brothers. In the first, the narrator, traveling in what seems like the
171:
explorers and merchants who are best known for their attempted voyage from Europe to India via Africa. They set sail west from the
Mediterranean into the Atlantic and were never heard from again.
199:, and which left Genoa in May 1291 with the purpose of going to India "by the Ocean Sea" and bringing back useful things for trade. Planned primarily for commerce, the enterprise also aimed at
341:
Additional documents identify the other brother as "Vadino", that
Tedesio Doria (Jacopo's nephew) did not embark, that the supplies were for "ten years", that the names of the vessels were
732:
681:. According to Henry F. Cary, Ulysses' fate was inspired "...partly from the fate which there was reason to suppose had befallen some adventurous explorers of the Atlantic ocean."
541:
region. If there is a grain of truth in any of this, it would not stretch credulity to imagine that the
Vivaldis got as far as Senegal, and that their adventures ended there.
64:
592:; they were captured and detained by the inhabitants of this city, who are Christians of Ethiopia, subjects of Prester John. The city is by the sea-coast, near the river
586:), one of the galleys tore its hull, and could not continue sailing further; the other, however, continued through this sea until it reached a city of Ethiopia named
218:), in 28Âş 47' N., after which nothing more was heard of them. The expedition of the Vivaldi brothers was one of the first recorded voyages that sailed out from the
659:
The
Vivaldi brothers subsequently became the subjects of legends that featured them circumnavigating Africa before being captured by the mythical Christian king
635:
648:
states that it was a local tradition that the
Vivaldis did indeed reach the Canary Islands. Neither Justiniani nor Petrarch knew of the expedition's fate.
690:
943:
69:
196:
564:, mentions no such meeting in his memoirs.) Usodimare gives more details of the Vivaldi expedition in another document in the Genoese archives:
321:
1092:
1012:
Notice des découvertes faites au môyen-age dans l'Océan
Atlantique, antérieurement aux grandes explorations portugaises du quinzième siècle
598:. They were so tightly detained that none of them managed to return home. This is what is related by the Genoese noble Antoniotto Usodimare
241:
in 1312, he did so in order to search for
Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi. Malocello ended up remaining on the island that is named for him,
737:
301:
337:
the travelers passed a place called Gozora there was no further news of them. May God watch over them and bring them back safely"
644:, includes the information that two Franciscans also joined the Vivaldi expedition. Viera y Clavijo also mentions the fact that
1097:
568:
In the year of 1285 (sic), two galleys sailed out of the city of Genoa commanded by the brothers
Ugolino and Guido Vivaldi (
256:, son of Ugolino, undertook a series of distant wanderings in search of his father and uncle, and even reached, it is said,
1087:
1058:
1044:
1039:
292:, with the last descendant of the survivors of the Vivaldo expedition. The two galleys, he was told, had sailed to the
560:
and claimed to be the last descendant of the survivors of the Vivaldi expedition. (Usodimare's travelling companion,
20:
456:, and has led to the supposition that the brothers landed there (or that at least one of the ships capsized there).
370:, Galvano claims the Vivaldi expedition reached Ethiopia, from where the survivors gave up returning to their city.
227:
1077:
1022:
L'expédition génoise des fréres Vivaldi à la découverte de la route maritime des Indes Orientales au XIIIe siècle
54:. It may have been generated, in whole or in part, by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency.
38:
1082:
416:
It is uncertain how far the Vivaldi brothers reached. The Vivaldi brothers may have seen or landed on the
179:
Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi were connected with the first known expedition in search of an ocean way from
1107:
503:
The locations of these kingdoms have been the subject of speculation. The references to Prester John and
269:
631:
513:) have led some to assume that the other galley circumnavigated Africa but was intercepted around the
57:
27:
931:
1102:
537:. The localization of "Amenuan", the place where the first galley capsized, is suggestive of the
462:
191:). Ugolino, with his brother Guido or Vandino Vivaldo, was in command of this expedition of two
580:), to the parts of India. These galleys sailed much; but when they entered the sea of Guinea (
893:
1112:
908:
871:
854:
435:
49:
1025:
1015:
990:
722:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
545:
410:
273:
234:
500:
the path was dangerous" As it happens, Sorleone is the real name of Ugolino's actual son.
8:
678:
549:
281:
253:
934:) makes the independent note that the Senegal River was sourced from the Biblical Gihon.
818:
439:
1054:
822:
810:
669:
406:
168:
921:
800:
792:
561:
296:; in that sea one was stranded, but the other passed on to a place on the coast of
265:
796:
751:
History of Portuguese Cartography - Volume 2 - Page 61 by Armando Cortesão · 1971
656:
writes that the brothers were the first modern discoverers of the Canary Islands.
1000:(Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria, 1988), p. 23.
557:
468:
780:
610:
530:
514:
425:
417:
361:
293:
246:
781:"Marckalada: The First Mention of America in the Mediterranean Area (c. 1340)"
621:. Usodimare's narration seems to be a mere repetition of the tale told in the
1071:
814:
728:
723:
649:
618:
518:
449:
309:
219:
1007:(Madrid: Biblioteca Básica Canaria, 1991), p. 107 (XX. Los Genoveses).
660:
553:
484:
289:
534:
526:
522:
394:
382:
378:
328:
in 1294. Under the entry of the year 1291, Doria writes the following:
305:
200:
741:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 152.
996:
JosĂ© Juan Acosta; FĂ©lix RodrĂguez Lorenzo; Carmelo L. Quintero PadrĂłn,
805:
538:
388:
204:
188:
533:) suggest that Abdelsalib and Magdasor were in non-Muslim sub-Saharan
272:
ancient kingdom was no longer secure. In 1455 another Genoese seaman,
989:(Marcos Jiménez de la Espada ed., 1877, Madrid: Impr. de T. Fortanet
907:
Own translation from the Latin as it is reproduced in d'Avezac (1845:
510:
453:
297:
277:
257:
242:
210:
accompanied Ugolino. The galleys were well armed and sailed down the
1050:
674:
645:
614:
552:, claims rather improbably in a letter that while traveling up the
421:
285:
223:
215:
838:
The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages
354:
261:
211:
192:
164:
264:
coast, but was prevented by the King of Mogadishu from going to
517:. However, the narrator's geographical references (e.g. to the
180:
385:
friars who accompanied the Vivaldi brothers may have read the
664:
606:
402:
398:
333:
325:
312:) where the Genoese were seized and held in close captivity.
238:
207:
184:
103:
320:
The principal documentary source is the Genoese annals of
760:
Jacopo d'Oria, 1294, as translated in Rogers (1955: p.36)
443:
348:
892:
For a copy of Usodimare's letter, see R.H. Major (1868)
710:
708:
706:
397:, in which Bacon suggested that the distance separating
420:. "Gozora" is a name found in some Medieval charts for
138:
Amighetto Vivaldi and Giovannina Vivaldi (née Zaccaria)
703:
956:
Sprezzatura: 50 Ways Italian Genius Shaped the World
593:
587:
581:
575:
569:
429:
386:
365:
342:
556:in West Africa, he came across a man who spoke the
459:An allusion to the Vivaldi galleys is given in the
405:was not great, a theory that was later repeated by
691:List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
865:
622:
617:. In this instance, it may be a reference to the
504:
488:
478:
472:
460:
1069:
471:region (sub-Saharan Africa) reaches the city of
130:Attempted voyage from Europe to India via Africa
548:, a Genoese navigator in the service of Prince
1030:Rogers, F.M. (1955) "The Vivaldi Expedition",
971:(Harvard Classics) New York, 1909: vol. i:112.
494:
925:
639:
195:, which he had organized in conjunction with
19:For the Italian warship Ugolino Vivaldi, see
677:’ last voyage, which ends in failure in the
574:) with the purpose of going, by the east (
16:Genoese explorers and merchants (fl. 1291)
804:
663:. The Vivaldis' voyage may have inspired
477:, capital of the black African empire of
353:, and that the ship made a brief stop at
288:, claimed to have met, near the mouth of
727:
1047:, Volume 100: Vittorio Emanuele I–Zurlo
1037:
954:Peter d’Epiro; Mary Desmond Pinkowish;
571:Hugolinum et Guidum de Vivaldis fratres
1070:
835:
778:
300:(here meaning Black Africa) — Mena or
70:Pages needing translation into English
493:, he came across a Genoese man named
1093:Explorers from the Republic of Genoa
1045:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
969:The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri
944:Ugolino and Vadino Vivaldi Biography
393:written by their fellow Franciscan,
32:
1051:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1032:Annual Reports of the Dante Society
13:
14:
1124:
920:Usodimare's travelling companion
840:. New York: Penguin. p. 196.
21:Italian destroyer Ugolino Vivaldi
1020:D'Avezac, M.A.P. Marquis (1859)
1010:D'Avezac, M.A.P. Marquis (1845)
895:Life of Prince Henry of Portugal
733:Vivaldo, Ugolino and Sorleone de
715:
228:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
214:coast to a place called Gozora (
37:
961:
948:
937:
914:
901:
886:
544:A century later, in late 1455,
984:(Anonymous Friar) (c.1350–85)
877:
859:
844:
829:
772:
763:
754:
745:
442:, 1367). The name of the ship
1:
1098:History of the Canary Islands
978:
797:10.1080/00822884.2021.1943792
249:, for more than two decades.
1005:Historia de Canarias: Tomo I
779:Chiesa, Paolo (2021-05-04).
609:river, which stems from the
605:is the name of the biblical
373:
167:1291) were two brothers and
7:
1088:13th-century Genoese people
1040:"VIVALDI, Ugolino e Vadino"
1038:Surdich, Francesco (2020).
684:
324:, presented to the city of
308:(here probably meaning the
252:Early in the 14th century,
93:Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi
10:
1129:
448:may be the source for the
444:
349:
315:
268:, because the road to the
174:
25:
18:
1003:José de Viera y Clavijo,
280:in the service of Prince
233:It is believed that when
134:
126:
118:
110:
98:
91:
1034:, No. 73, p. 31-45.
1014:, Paris: Fain et Thunot
998:Conquista y ColonizaciĂłn
696:
509:(which sounds much like
424:, which lies before the
28:Vivaldi (disambiguation)
867:Libro del Conoscimiento
866:
851:Libro del Conoscimiento
738:Encyclopædia Britannica
632:José de Viera y Clavijo
624:Libro del Conoscimiento
623:
505:
495:
489:
479:
473:
463:Libro del Conoscimiento
461:
438:, early 1300s, and the
230:in the 5th century AD.
122:Explorers and merchants
58:enhance the translation
1078:13th-century explorers
926:
640:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
525:, the gold trade, the
430:
387:
381:suggests that the two
366:
343:
339:
274:Antoniotto Uso di Mare
836:Gimpel, Jean (1976).
566:
483:, which is allied to
436:Giovanni da Carignano
330:
52:from another language
1049:(in Italian). Rome:
958:(Anchor, 2001), 105.
546:Antoniotto Usodimare
411:Christopher Columbus
235:Lancelotto Malocello
65:this article's entry
26:For other uses, see
1083:13th-century deaths
769:Rogers (1955: p.37)
679:Southern Hemisphere
634:writes that Father
550:Henry the Navigator
367:Cronica universalis
357:before proceeding.
282:Henry the Navigator
254:Sorleone de Vivaldo
1108:People lost at sea
1024:, Paris: Bertrand
636:AgustĂn Justiniani
613:and flows through
440:Pizzigani brothers
431:Caput Finis Gozole
161:Ugolino de Vivaldo
785:Terrae Incognitae
142:
141:
87:
86:
1120:
1064:
1060:978-8-81200032-6
972:
967:Cary's notes in
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935:
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922:Alvise Cadamosto
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870:, 1877 edition,
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667:Canto 26 of the
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641:Anales de GĂ©nova
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562:Alvise Cadamosto
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731:, ed. (1911). "
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687:
583:mari de Ghinoia
558:Genoese dialect
434:in the maps of
376:
334:Strait of Ceuta
318:
276:, sailing with
177:
157:Ugolino Vivaldi
106:
94:
83:
77:
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72:for discussion.
61:
56:Please help to
55:
48:may be a rough
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31:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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729:Chisholm, Hugh
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686:
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630:The historian
611:Garden of Eden
531:Gulf of Guinea
515:Horn of Africa
426:Canary Islands
418:Canary Islands
409:and tested by
407:Pierre d'Ailly
375:
372:
362:Galvano Fiamma
317:
314:
247:Canary Islands
237:set sail from
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127:Known for
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791:(2): 88–106.
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724:public domain
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650:Papiro Masson
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619:Senegal River
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310:Senegal River
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294:Sea of Guinea
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78:November 2022
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46:This article
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1113:Brother duos
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883:Rogers, p.43
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661:Prester John
658:
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577:per Levantum
567:
554:Gambia River
543:
502:
485:Prester John
458:
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359:
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322:Jacopo Doria
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63:
47:
927:Navigazione
806:2434/860960
535:West Africa
529:, even the
527:Mali Empire
523:Niger River
395:Roger Bacon
379:Jean Gimpel
304:, near the
201:proselytism
159:(sometimes
147:(sometimes
111:Disappeared
50:translation
1072:Categories
979:References
539:Senegambia
445:Alegranzia
389:Opus Majus
383:Franciscan
350:Alegranzia
290:the Gambia
226:since the
205:Franciscan
189:Cape Route
823:236457428
815:0082-2884
638:, in the
511:Mogadishu
496:Sor Leone
480:Abdeselib
454:Alegranza
374:Geography
364:'s book,
298:Aethiopia
278:Cadamosto
270:collapsed
258:Mogadishu
243:Lanzarote
222:into the
135:Parent(s)
930:(1460s:
685:See also
646:Petrarch
615:Ethiopia
506:Magdasor
490:Magdasor
474:Graçiona
422:Cape Nun
286:Portugal
224:Atlantic
216:Cape Nun
924:in his
897:, p.104
726::
675:Ulysses
670:Inferno
665:Dante’s
652:in his
519:Senegal
355:Majorca
316:Sources
302:Amenuan
260:on the
212:Morocco
193:galleys
175:History
169:Genoese
145:Vandino
1057:
1026:online
1016:online
991:online
821:
813:
720:
673:about
654:Anales
469:Guinea
428:(e.g.
262:Somali
208:friars
203:. Two
181:Europe
155:) and
149:Vadino
932:p.111
819:S2CID
697:Notes
607:Gihon
589:Menam
403:India
399:Spain
326:Genoa
306:Gihon
266:Aksum
239:Genoa
185:India
153:Guido
104:Genoa
1055:ISBN
909:p.25
872:p.67
855:p.63
811:ISSN
603:Gion
595:Gion
401:and
347:and
114:1291
99:Born
62:See
987:XIV
801:hdl
793:doi
735:".
452:of
360:In
284:of
183:to
165:fl.
163:) (
151:or
68:on
60:.
1074::
1053:.
1042:.
817:.
809:.
799:.
789:53
787:.
783:.
705:^
627:.
413:.
1063:.
993:)
911:)
874:.
825:.
803::
795::
521:-
187:(
80:)
76:(
30:.
23:.
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