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of the text, or a more complex manifestation of the text (e.g., a group of copies, or a group of excerpts). Thus, the original-language version of a text which a translator then works into a
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may still be reconstructed in some parts at such a level of confidence that the translation and its retroversion can be used as a witness for the purposes of
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exists only as a retroversion of the Coptic translation, as no other witness to the original Greek text for most of the sayings recorded therein is known.
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may stand on its own as the sole witness of the original-language text, or it may be compared and used along with other witnesses.
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version when trying to determine oldest version of the Hebrew Bible that they can infer. As another example, the
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were used to help attest to the original Greek text he wrote. For the bulk of the
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of a translation may be lost to history. In some of these cases, the
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What are the Dead Sea scrolls and why do they matter?
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232:Das Thomasevangelium, Originaltext mit Kommentar
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104:For example, scholars use the reconstructed
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182:(T&T Clark International, 2011), p. 4.
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