Wings Over Jordan Choir

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considering them a tribute to former assistant director Williette Firmbanks' work as pianist. The Celebration Chorus had members with direct and indirect ties to Wings when it was formed. Persie Ford joined the tribute chorus and became one of its most vocal supporters, favorably comparing it to the original choir. Teretha Settle Overton, Settle's granddaughter, is also a member of the chorus and has been interviewed for several retrospectives on the choir. John Foxhall was a member of the original choir and president of WOJAF, with family ties to the church dating back to the early 1900s. The Celebration Chorus currently limits its number of public performances to three per year.

736: 1139:, provided advance publicity and accompanied it on tour, ensuring that all proceeds were distributed appropriately. Collins was white, which gave the choir opportunities for concerts and publicity which would not have otherwise existed; bookings ranged from nearly-empty houses to crowds who refused to leave between concerts, forcing a separate venue to be booked. Collins later referred to it as "a tour of the United States for a young man, expenses paid". Concert tours at this time included daily performances, almost always at a different venue, and up to three concerts per day. A March 1940 visit to New York City included 2887:... how well (Glynn T. Settle) has succeeded in bringing closer understanding between black and while has been demonstrated by the Wings' work both in the United States and abroad. Their radio broadcasts were eagerly awaited each week by an integrated public moved by the power and beauty of true American music and the deep richness of faith with permeates the Negro's love for God and their country ... The basis of the gospel repertoire remains these hymns, just as the essence of the gospel style is a wordless moan. Through the years, they all played their part. 822:). I am thoroughly convinced, however, that he is a man of sound intelligence, deep seated piety and of earnest consecration and devotion to the welfare of his race. His conduct of the Sunday morning program is characterized by a reverent and devout spirit which is deeper than the requirement of a broadcast program ... Of all the Sunday morning broadcast which bombarded the throne of Heaven, none are more intense with spiritual meaning, and power than those conveyed in the jubilee melodies, which sprung out of the soul of unsophisticated black folk. 922:

following month. Although Tate agreed to return to his former position after discontent was expressed by other members, he left the choir permanently a month later. The director's position was given to Kramer; Williette Firmbanks (Tate's former assistant) became a secondary director, including road performances which Kramer could not attend. Kramer left his position as WGAR program director in 1939 to head an "artists service" department established by the station, allowing him to devote more attention to the choir. His original four-week stint as

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which had pressured past singers to leave in favor of more gainful employment. Typical weekly compensation for singers was $ 52.50 (equivalent to $ 716 in 2023), and conductor James Elkins received $ 150 (equivalent to $ 2,047 in 2023). Members were responsible for all non-travel expenses; Elkins' unrelated resignation was met with bitter insults from Settle, who called him the worst conductor the choir had ever had. Although there had been previous walkouts by the choir, this was the first one which prevented an episode of

1008:. Although it had an estimated audience of ten million listeners every week and was reportedly one of the most-listened to religious radio programs, sustaining programs were not rated (unlike sponsored programs) and no definite audience measurements exist. It was not uncommon for predominantly-Black neighborhoods in Cleveland to have most of their radios tuned to WGAR on porches or next to open windows, however, so others could listen. The summer of 1938 saw the choir's first significant concert tour. The tour included cities in 2573: 2754:

Settle in January 1950, and were joined by an East Coast choir directed by Clarence H. Brooks. These were reorganized into two choruses by 1957: the 20-member West Coast group led by Settle and Frank Everett, and Brooks' nine-member East Coast group. The reorganization was billed as a "crusade" by Settle and Everett to preserve spirituals "as an American tradition", and the choirs as a "successor to the original great Wings Over Jordan Choir". During this period, several albums were recorded by both choirs:

584: 708:. Settle saw spirituals as a dignified art form and sought to preserve their authenticity with the choir; performances often had a deeply-emotional atmosphere, reflecting his work as a minister. Although they were regarded as "sorrow songs", spirituals also held hope for a better Black future; choir members were comforted by singing their ancestors' songs, which helped them overcome feelings of hopelessness. Settle's granddaughter Teretha Settle Overton later compared spirituals to 2455:

for 1947 and much of 1948. Charles King was appointed interim conductor in the middle of the tour when Elkins took a brief break from the 44-state schedule; his work was positively received, and he and Elkins were named joint conductors. Elkins was the highest-paid Black conductor in the country. The choir now used two buses for traveling, enabling one bus to be serviced and maintained while touring. One bus was vandalized during a concert in

914: 1312:—appeared on the program's third CBS anniversary on January 12, 1941; the 45-minute program was broadcast from Cleveland's Antioch Baptist Church, the first network radio program originating from a Black church. La Guardia presented an address for the show's fourth anniversary on January 11, 1942. Advance coordination between La Guardia (who spoke in New York City) and the show's production team in Ohio took place via 32: 2723:, Settle expressed his intentions to have the choir tour the world to further the fight against communism. His wife, Elizabeth Carter Settle, accompanied the choir on this tour but otherwise remained in Uniontown; she died in Cleveland on May 17, 1955, while visiting one of their daughters. Settle married the choir's business manager, Mildred C. Ridley (who had given birth to one of his sons 13801:

No. 9403 [and] WGAR Broadcasting Company, Cleveland, Ohio, Docket No. 9404. For renewal of license of Radio Stations KMPC, the Station of the Stars, Inc. ... Docket No. 9468, File No. BR-18, WJR, the Goodwill Station, Inc. ... Docket No. 9469, File No. BR-331 [and] WGAR Broadcasting Company ... Docket No. 9405, File No. BR-283: Exhibits of the WGAR Broadcasting Company

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1807:: "against our enslavers at home and those abroad who would enslave us." Jourdain invoked the fighting capabilities of Black soldiers in the war to defeat the Axis powers and to work (and fight) after the war to end oppression. His speech was well-received, with Settle calling it "a masterpiece" and multiple requests (including from the OWI) for written copies. The parents of 1483:(equivalent to $ 1,760,769 in 2023) in January 1941, taking over its management and bookings; the signing followed weeks of negotiations which delayed publication of the agency's annual "Alber Blue Book of World Celebrities" so the choir could be included. Asked what prompted the agency to sign the choir, Alber-Zwick head Louis Alber cited a January 15, 1941, column by 900:" were frequently performed by the choir. A newspaper article about a 1949 concert says that Settle adopted the phrase from the lyrics of a song sung by his mother. Another theory suggests that Settle thought the phrase "had a nice ring to it" when CBS used it for the two prime-time programs. Whatever its origin, the name served Settle and the choir for the next 30 years. 2589:. Among those joining the reconstituted choir were original singers Lois Waterford (Parker) and Olive Thompson, whose return was described as "many original choristers (that) have returned to the organization." CBS cancelled the radio program after the October 12, 1947, broadcast, offering the time slot to college choirs from Black universities who included the 1525:, said about Seltzer's column: "if you'll read this, you'll understand ... the world needs what this Negro Chorus has to give as never before in my lifetime. Louis Seltzer has stated it much better than I can." Alber-Zwick's plans for the choir included additional tours on the West Coast, South America and other global ports, and possible film appearances. 2675:

accommodate its travel itinerary (which involved another tour in the Deep South), and record additional material for RCA Victor. The Mutual show was scheduled on Saturday afternoons for two weeks before moving to Sundays at 12 p.m. and to 9:30 a.m. by July. A similar Mutual Saturday-afternoon program with Black college choral groups premiered, and

1587:] radio series rendered by Negroes the previous year," and accepted the honor on the February 18, 1940, broadcast. The program was placed on the 1941 honor roll for reaching more listeners than any other program of its kind, and CBS featured the choir on the front cover of its March 1942 program guide in recognition of the honor. Several weeks earlier, 973:" ... you would run immediately to the telephone to protest such irreverent expression of musical prowess". Historians and family of surviving choir members have seen Kramer as helping them gain legitimacy and the pickup by Columbia; Teretha Overton said, "(he) opened doors that my grandfather could not get in". Some CBS affiliates in the 3852:: "WGAR originated the famous program WINGS OVER JORDAN, which was fed from Cleveland first to the National Broadcasting Company Blue Network, and later to CBS ... In 1936, "Wings Over Jordan" was given a network spot by the National Broadcasting Company. In 1937, the program went with WGAR to the Columbia Broadcasting System ..." 2509: ... when I told Rev. Settle of my feelings regarding his treatment of choir members, he denounced me bitterly. He told me that I was the worst conductor he had ever had. This, in spite of the fact that out of the 14 conductors he has had in ten years, I am the only one who was ever recognized by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. 2643:-style hymn, "Amen" became a staple of concerts and future recordings and was the title of a 1956 King compilation album. WGAR was moving on: earlier in 1947, the station introduced a Sunday-night program with the local Dixieteers quartet. WGAR broadcast a 1948 limited-run program with the Kingdom Choir, composed of former 2715:), beginning on December 15, 1953. This was the second time the choir sang on what were still foreign battlefields. Concerts in South Korea frequently had overflow crowds, whom the singers visited afterwards (sometimes in sub-zero temperatures). The choir first appeared on television in Japan, appearing several times on 1895:

singing engagements in the Cleveland area. The traveling had prompted Settle's wife, Elizabeth Carter Settle, to leave the choir in 1941 to tend to their Cleveland home; this was seen as a sign of marital estrangement. The choir took advantage of the time off for maintenance and renovations to its tour bus, including

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has said that no genuine performance of spiritual music (including in a concert hall) has taken place since the Fisk Jubilee Singers; composers have based their printed compositions on an art form which cannot be duplicated. Wings researcher Regennia Nanette Williams has defended the piano additions,

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Many of its surviving members frequently reunited in the years after the original choir disbanded. The first major reunion was on April 14, 1957, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the radio program's debut; many surviving members and some of the show's guest speakers were in attendance. An annual

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Now, almost twenty years later, there is no Wings Over Jordan. From national and international tours, world recognition and musical artistry, the singers that were integral parts of this choir have gone their separate ways—some to fame and fortune, some to death, to prison; some to routine living and

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when they were not on tour. Several members, including Emory Barnes and John Carpenter, resigned in protest the week before. Barnes' resignation was over Settle's "unchristian attitude", with Settle accusing him in turn of "being a very miserable failure." None of the singers were salaried employees,

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professor Frederick D. Hall was named interim director, with Gladys Olga Jones his assistant. Choir member George McCants was acting director for at least one performance. Hall's involvement was temporary due to his commitments at Alabama State, with Jones taking over by March. In addition to singing

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cited as "begun (by the station) five years ago to bring about a better understanding between the white and colored peoples" despite the station's modest signal. CBS received its awarded for public service at the network level, devoting significant airtime to educational and informative programs. The

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Former members have estimated that the choir originally had a roster of between 40 and 50 members in the summer of 1937, consisting of mostly unmarried men and women, with an age range between 17 and 30. Because of the total number of singers that were ultimately associated with the choir, either in

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through music and preserve the authenticity of the African-American spiritual, both of which were met in the concert hall and on radio. The choir's original members were members of Gethsemane Baptist Church, a modest church near Cleveland's downtown, and were lower-class workers in the depths of the

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alumni began in 1971, with former assistant director Willette Firmbanks Thompson heading the alumni association. Firmbanks maintained her role as Gethsemane's minister of music until her husband's death in 1950. An "Appreciation Tea" was held for her by Gethsemane's Senior Choir on February 3, 1952,

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Settle continued to be involved with the choir and music ministry until his death on July 16, 1967; a week earlier, he had directed the First Baptist Church's ninth annual Brotherhood Festival in Song. Without him, the choir's activity decreased significantly. A tribute concert to Settle was held at

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program. Although guest speakers were still a core feature of the program, their emphasis shifted from discussion of issues facing Black people to "the life stories of prominent American Negroes in words and song". The choir traveled to Mutual affiliates for remote broadcasts to host guest speakers,

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business manager Glenn T. Settle, Jr., promised that the choir would return on radio the following week and called the action a "revolt": "You can say that the choir is not destroyed ... that is all I can say on the record." In addition to the radio broadcast, several concerts (including one in

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film. Behind the scenes, the postwar activities took a substantial toll on the choir. Annual auditions for singers had been held as early as 1939, becoming more extensive after most of the original roster left. Auditions for singers were held in every town which hosted a concert by 1942, yielding 20

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to perform with the orchestra the following spring. On January 7, 1947, the choir awarded its first college scholarship; the ceremony was held in Cleveland, the choir's birthplace, and Settle promised to award 20 music scholarships by the end of the year. By November 1946, the choir was fully booked

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In re Applications of G.A. Richards, transferor, and Harry J. Klinger, Lawrence P. Fisher and John H. Hannah, transferees, for consent to the transfer of control of KMPC, the Station of the Stars, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif., Docket No. 9402, WJR, the Goodwill Station, Inc., Detroit, Michigan, Docket

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had about 40 singers on its original roster and many were still singing for the radio program's fifth anniversary in 1942, its number decreased to 17 singers in the summer of 1947; according to one estimate, as many as 250 people had participated in the choir in some capacity. Original member Tommy

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The CBS program remained popular, despite the 10-month USO tour hiatus. Remote broadcasts coincided with the choir's touring (which had reached 400 cities in 46 states), and they met at affiliate studios hours in advance. On August 10, 1947, the show celebrated its 500th episode and the choir began

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The USO invitation was the first to a religious musical organization, and was the largest group of entertainers taken overseas. For a year before, servicemen and chaplains asked Settle for the choir to perform overseas. The choir topped a fall 1944 USO poll of servicemen for religious and spiritual

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published the memo in its June 6, 1942, issue. The memo was sent to all radio networks and stations on May 30, 1942, asking for understanding of Black issues and recognition of "the fact that among the 130,000,000 Americans fighting this war for survival, there are 13,000,000 liberty-loving Negroes

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The best contributions radio can make to meeting the entire problem (of low morale among blacks) is by remembering Negroes whenever a program is being worked out on which they or their contributions can be included—and included unostentatiously. Many programs are already doing a constructive job in

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And to the men and women of the "Wings Over Jordan" chorus, I found myself saying over and over again: "that crying, your music. It's crying, way down inside. It's crying thousands of years back. It's crying for a God to lead a puzzled and distressed world of men to higher things and things more of

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Many times, particularly during the '30s and '40s, when there were numerous lynchings or killings of African-Americans in the South, these stories were not carried in depth by the white media. A number of the speakers ... (Rev. Settle) would bring them on, and they would use his Sunday-morning

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When the program went national, Settle replaced James E. Tate as the choir's director with WGAR's Worth Kramer. Settle initially said that Kramer's role would last for four weeks (citing his previous choir experience), but Kramer remained in the position for several more weeks and Tate resigned the

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open to surviving Wings members and members of the tribute chorus. Brackens has revived "That which is worthy must be preserved", Settle's motto for the original choir, as the chorus' slogan. Although church members and the WOJAF have expressed interest in a library devoted to the history of Wings

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the next day for a concert at Bethel A.M.E. Church, but the concert was cancelled because the audience was considered too small. Although the East Coast choir vowed to "press on" with its 1964 tour, both choirs folded as the year ended. Los Angeles musician and composer Leroy Hurte reorganized the

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Since the choir had lost its original members and demand continued for concerts, Settle formed several satellite groups which used the Wings name. The Legend Singers of St. Louis—one of several substitute choirs on the CBS radio show during the 1945 USO tour—were designated as one of the groups by

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columnist Paul Luther suggested in his column that the cancellation was temporary, due to the touring which made it difficult to produce the program from affiliate stations. Director Clarence H. Brooks later said that the show ended for the choir "to promote Christian fellowship and song", but CBS

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The fame of Wings Over Jordan has not been confined to this musical organization, but has reflected favorably upon the city of Cleveland, and upon Gethsemane Baptist Church itself. Few churches in the nation are better known than this one ... Any church would be proud of the honor to have its

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We Negros shall face tyranny where ever it exists ... and when we have finished assisting America in the battles for human freedom (in Europe and the Pacific Islands), we shall be no less vigilant, no less determined, in breaking off the shackles of oppression form the oppressed here at home.

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in America as it affects the Negro". Reviewers praised the choir for the practice, with one calling it an "unselfish effort". Membership turnover continued to be high, with Settle declining to properly train some of the newer singers; these younger, inexperienced singers were expected to know the

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The choir remained a popular concert draw in 1948 despite its radio-show cancellation, performing in 45 of the 48 states and raising over $ 1 million (equivalent to $ 12,681,440 in 2023) for a number of charities. Under newly appointed conductor Gilbert Allen, the choir signed a contract

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and traveled from New York City to Cleveland, where several churches joined in hosting a gala celebration concert. Not all of the singers made the entire tour; Kenneth Slaughter withdrew after a three-week hospitalization, returning to the U.S. in late 1945 with three other singers. Although this

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were lifted, and the city was lit "like a huge jewel". Settle called the MTO tour "the grandest six months of our career" and prayed for every serviceman to return home to their native land as soon as possible for "a greater opportunity to serve humanity's cause in a lasting peace, for which they

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1943 return to Cleveland and Gethsemane had Settle and the choir honoring the congregation's mothers (including Settle's late mother, Mary), followed by another Deep South tour. The choir finally took an extended vacation in late July 1943 (its first in five-and-a-half years), despite a number of

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profile on the program said that Kramer "drummed his arrangements into the musically illiterate group by rote ... for weeks before he put them on the air". Kramer, sometimes in collaboration with Firmbanks, composed multiple arrangements for the choir to assist its many members who could not

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Around this time, press releases for the choir began to promote a different business model. Admission had been charged and proceeds distributed accordingly, but concerts were now free to the public with free-will offerings encouraged. Some of the money raised from donations went to the Spiritual

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The choir returned to Cleveland for the first time in over a year on May 7, 1947, for a benefit concert at Gethsemane Baptist Church. Relations between Settle and Gethsemane had deteriorated due to his prolonged absences, however, and several members met secretly on April 8, 1946, to declare the

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label, part of CBS's record division, on April 12, 1941. A four-disc, 78-rpm boxed album, produced by Kramer and narrated by Settle, was released the following May. As Kramer's commitment to the choir deepened, he encountered friction from WGAR management who felt he was failing to devote enough

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curriculum. CBS offered the choir an additional 15-minute weekday program beginning on July 28, 1941. The choir originated the daily broadcasts from Cleveland's Euclid Avenue Baptist Church for six weeks, due to the demand for tickets; the 300-seat church auditorium was much larger than the WGAR

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acts and burlesque. Kramer's open-minded social beliefs gave the choir avenues for outreach—a radio show promoted to CBS less than six months after the choir's WGAR debut, integrated concert bookings, and a contract with a prestigious record label—which would have been otherwise impossible. His

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Tucson) were cancelled due to the walkout. The choir members expressed deep resentment of Settle, accusing him of inhumane working conditions and low wages. Allegations were made of "a total lack of consideration for the members of the organization" as Settle refused to grant vacation time and

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assisting and the choir performing for 5,000 servicemen and the city's residents. The Genoese requested that the choir perform at the ceremony (unprecedented for an occupied European nation), indicative of its popularity in the USO Camp Shows. The claim that Columbus' ashes were in the urn was

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WGAR executive Maurice Condon originally handled the choir's marketing and management, but Neil Collins was hired as their first promotional director by December 1939. Under Kramer (who became the choir's vice president when it was incorporated), a full-time position became necessary to handle

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permits him to interpret the songs as he sees fit. Some purists have considered the changes unacceptable, noting the spirituals' sacred status and Kramer's criticism of swing bandleaders who used them for their benefit. Researcher Babette Reid Harrell says that the Celebration Chorus performs

2249:, but the 92nd Division treated the ceremony as returning property moved due to the war and the choir said that the remains were Columbus' in postwar promotional stories. According to Mildred Ridley, the choir frequently spent time in infirmaries with wounded servicemen, ate and socialized in 3167:

historian who researched and archived the original choir's history. Grandson of original Wings singer Persie Ford, Brackens grew up listening to stories about Ford's activities in the choir. Ford had an extensive collection of memorabilia of the original choir's activities and travels at her

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from its lineup and relieved Kramer of his duties due to friction with him, its management and its other artists; the station, however, was contractually obligated to produce the show and compensate the singers (as the choir's concerts were being booked by the station). The story cannot be

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at the end of 1943; the omission temporarily jeopardized the station's license. He was fondly remembered by former singers, and Persie Ford recalled that the choir was so responsive to Kramer's direction that it reminded her of "puppets on a string moving only in concert with his fingers".

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halls with G.I.s, and used wit and humor to brighten up the atmosphere during its appearances. The choir and Settle received citations from Almond for meritorious service and the "fine spirit of patriotism exhibited by the group", the highest civilian awards by the military. Ridley's son,

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Both choirs continued touring nationwide over the next few years, singing for audiences of various sizes; promotional stories typically read, "The sponsors have expressed confidence that, with this group's fame going ahead of them, the ... auditorium will be filled to capacity".

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against Japanese bombers during the Pearl Harbor attack with no experience, were honored guests on the May 10, 1942, program. Miller's act was initially anonymous, and he had been added to the Schomburg 1941 Honor Roll of Race Relations with the radio program as "an unnamed messman".

2654:, premiered on the station on January 1, 1950, to a positive reception. Settle again received negative publicity after a complaint alleged that neglect of his Cleveland residence posed a fire hazard; the case was settled in court on August 12, 1949, with Settle paying a $ 250 fine. 1859:, which friends and family treated as a homecoming in addition to an August recital. Including Jones, five new singers were introduced into the choir at this time. Although many of its original members remained, the 30-voice roster included singers from 11 states (primarily the 651:

and the easing of racial tensions. He became Gethsemane's pastor in November 1935 as the church was in the middle of a fiscal crisis, leading its return to a "very healthy" financial state. In addition to leading Gethsemane, Settle was a clerk in Cleveland's street department.

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West Coast version of Wings several months later, briefly directing it and two other chorales. The extent of Hurte's involvement is undetermined, since Frank Everett eventually resumed his role as director. The choir sang as part of an interfaith music program at Settle's

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organizations, the USO was established in 1941 to raise the morale of military personnel. Not all USO canteens in the U.S. were integrated or encouraged integration; two former choir members, Paul Breckenridge and Albert Meadows, performed for a Black audience of 1,000 at

2285:(ETO). Announced by Settle on September 9, 1945, this extended the choir's USO commitment from six months to ten and followed a successful week of appearances in Rome after performing throughout Italy. An October 24, 1945, CBS press release cited "urgent appeals from the 2014:

on the history of the choir and the program. The following day, the group of 20 people—18 choir members (including conductor Hattye Easley), Settle and business manager Mildred Ridley—reported to the USO's New York City headquarters to begin a preparation which included

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Members of the "Wings Over Jordan" choir, prior to the organization of the group, were mainly members of the Gethsemane Church choir. Few of the vocalists have had any formal musical training. Men in the group were house painters, garage attendants, chauffeurs,

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Kenneth Franklin Slaughter was believed to be the last known living member of Wings at his death on August 25, 2014, at age 92. Slaughter, who frequently related his experiences with the choir in lectures and interviews, was honored as a "living legend" by the

1871:). Jones' tenure as conductor was brief, and she had been replaced by Joseph S. Powe by October 1942; like Jones, Powe studied under Hall at Dillard. Williette Firmbanks had left the choir to focus on her role as Gethsemane Baptist Church's minister of music. 1645:

this direction. Some, on the war, have included mention of Negro heroes. Some, on production, have included Negro workers. Others have drawn attention to outstanding Negro cultural contributions to our civilization. All this is a good start—but only a start.

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sizable Black audience. It was lobbied by internal advisors (and one anonymous letter), and Davis saw it as a disservice for the agency to disregard the "state of mind of Negro citizens". Most white-owned media, particularly newspapers and magazines such as

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from their schedule after a local group purchased the time slot and, despite a variety of programs for European ethnic groups, had nothing for Cleveland's Black population. Kramer was so impressed by the choir's subsequent audition that he promptly launched

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Preservation Fund, source of the Wings scholarship fund. Booklets featuring the choir were given out, with Settle saying that admissions were now a hindrance for those who wanted to attend their concerts and the change was made "to combat the influence of

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which began in 1954, four years after the radio show ended. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, spirituals were embraced by leaders and activists for their social and political impact; many of the songs were merely about the fight to survive. As

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program director Worth Kramer was in the audience. After the WJAY audition and learning about Kramer's position, Settle approached him with a request to add a weekly show aimed at the African-American population to WGAR's Sunday ethnic lineup. An

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as the reason for both awards. Some members were very young when Settle formed the choir and were reportedly unimpressed with the Peabody Awards, but the awards would be noted in press releases publicizing upcoming concerts in the years to come.

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as part of a lengthy 1948 filing with the FCC for the station's license renewal, the station underwent a number of changes in the following years. After the death of station founder George A. Richards in 1951, WGAR was sold to the antecedent of

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Unlike the original choir, the Celebration Chorus includes several gospel songs in its repertoire and some spirituals have a piano accompaniment. Brackens considers it consistent with Settle's desire to preserve the spirituals, and

2043:. Cecil Dandy, a singers chosen for the USO tour, had a brother returning from active duty in Europe at the same time. CBS assisted with the preparation and commissioned a picture of the choir, Settle, Easley and Ridley posing in a 896:, Alice Harper McCrady, speculated that it sprang from his penchant for analogies in sermons. "Wings Over Jordan" was a metaphor; many spirituals used wings to represent "flying away" from slavery, and "The River of Jordan" and " 1933:

board members (including Kramer), was made with postwar intentions of touring "every country on the globe". Choir member Henry Payden later said about Goldman, "he was brilliant, he was excellent, he felt how we (Blacks) sang".

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and a driving force in the development of choral music helping to both preserve by introducing traditional spirituals to a mainstream audience. Other versions of the group began to emerge during the 1950s, and a Cleveland-based

2479:. The distinction was probably academic, because the touring choir broadcast from a different affiliate each week. Construction was underway on a new office building in Cleveland for the choir, and Settle announced plans for a 2004:

groups in future camp shows. The radio program went on hiatus after 372 consecutive Sunday broadcasts over CBS. Its final broadcast was on February 25, 1945, at 10:30 a.m. Eastern; later that evening, the choir was featured on

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Settle tried to resolve the dispute by persuading the singers to return, but only one agreed to do so. He dismissed all 17 singers and began a nationwide canvassing effort for replacement singers, which included auditions in

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or Washington, D.C. Settle's narrations for each program were carefully written and structured to tie in the song selections—which he had typically chosen beforehand—with the guest speakers' material. Ben A. Green, mayor of

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If today's children knew how much was invested, and the things that they are enjoying today ... rock-and-roll ... everything has its base in that music. And they should learn to cherish the source. And we should

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Like Settle, most of Gethsemane's congregation were migrant families from the South. Although it was not one of the city's more prominent churches, it had a choir of rich, natural, untrained voices. The singers included

799:. Kramer became an early supporter of the choir after becoming interested in spirituals; he researched their origins, and considered them "the only true form of early American music". Settle and the choir—now known as 2855:, on April 23, 1972. Settle's widow Mildred reportedly destroyed documents belonging to him in 1970, but donated other documents and items pertaining to Wings (including material from an unfinished 1971 album) to the 1591:

had commemorated its fifth year on CBS with the choir boasting that many of its original members were still with them. Schomburg Collection Honor Roll listings for 1939, 1943, 1945 and 1946 were announced live during

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Ruben and Mary B. Settle as one of nine children, Settle's paternal grandfather Tom Settle was an African prince who was captured and sold into slavery during the 1850s; his maternal grandfather was a member of the

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The 1978 date of Frank Everett's departure as conductor is attributed to records and notes of the choir kept by historian Samuel Barber. Since no one replaced Everett, it can also be regarded as the year the choir

2175:, was the brother of tour participant Kenneth Slaughter, who had joined the choir in 1942. Settle's conviction that servicemen wanted to return to religion was fortified by two of the choir's more popular songs: " 1977:

on January 3, 1945. Although the USO observed Jim Crow laws, it began arranging camp shows for Black troops two years after beginning them for white troops. The first "Negro Unit" camp show toured in 1943 with

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from being broadcast. The members had considered a walkout several months before, but felt an obligation to perform for the public and still agreed with the principles of Settle's Spiritual Preservation Fund.

1423:

and elsewhere by 1939, and the choir received congratulatory messages from many of those countries and regions. The international audience was in addition to the CBS affiliate base in the United States, which

2107:

reporter, "in some places they've been hanging from the rafters, and they keep shouting their favorites and making requests for numbers we've been singing since 'Wings' was organized". One concert had a long

2089:(MTO) began on April 29, 1945. The 98th Regiment of Engineers, stationed in Italy, built a venue for the choir with modern lighting and sound which was called "The Wings Over Jordan Stadium". Settle told the 1436:, transmitted the program to Europe on December 17, 1940, as part of a "Friendship Bridge" between Great Britain and the U.S. This accentuated the BBC's relationship with the choir, since its rebroadcasts of 4260: 6335: 1050:

During their program's first 18 months on CBS, the choir performed in over 150 concerts throughout the East Coast and Midwest. Although their tours were initially only a few days long, they began receiving

941:

Despite Settle's insistence that no one would get undue credit for the choir's success, Kramer received disproportionate media coverage and concert promotion; this sparked unrest among the members. A 1940

623:, in 1902, where Glenn became involved in local churches and worked up to three jobs after his father's death. Moving to Cleveland in 1917 with his first wife, Mary Elizabeth Carter, Settle studied at the 803:

Choir—were featured performers at the Ohio Baptist General Association's 1937 conference, which WGAR broadcast live. James E. Tate received $ 450 from Gethsemane's congregation for his planned studies at

1461:

the spirit and less of the material ... And it will come because underneath it all is a foundation, the foundation of a human spirit which some day, sometime, somewhere will prevail over all else."

1214:

The guest-speaker segment became a five-minute feature when the program was picked up by CBS in what was called a "round-robin drop" system, allowing speakers to broadcast from Cleveland, New York City,

858:

song "Keep Me From Sinking Down". The choir received another prime-time slot on December 14, 1937, allowing network executives a chance to hear the choir and perhaps offer a regularly-scheduled program.

2267:

Well, we've bounced all over Italy, North Africa, Sicily, France, Belgium and Germany in a six by six truck and now these cushions are so soft, I'm afraid to sit down for fear I'll sink through one.

2187:

on May 7, 1945, and hosted a Mother's Day program. Its reception by the G.I.s was positive, and the choir was offered a full six-month tour commitment. Members of the 92nd Division and the all-white

3673:. Although logs of guest speakers are extant from 1938 to 1942, World War II resulted in short-staffing at CBS and incomplete records afterwards. WGAR's records, if they did exist, are now probably 13006: 3190:

The messages that they sang gave the black people hope. We still sing those songs, written by black writers, because we're still in that hope that one day we will be ... just ... people.

2471:

church's pulpit "vacant". Settle resigned as pastor, admitting that he had not been an active pastor for over a year. Since the choir's activities were largely based in New York City, CBS flagship

2434:

After their return in February 1946 and a few days with family members, the choir began one of the largest concert tours in its history; between April 1946 and April 1947, it traveled over 100,000

468:

as the first radio program produced and hosted by African-Americans to be nationally broadcast over a network. The program was the first of its kind which was easily accessible to audiences in the

2073:

on March 21, 1945, with about 5,000 military and other service personnel, all membere were designated as captains for protective purposes if they were captured. News received in transit about the

3595:

The exact end date of the program is unclear. It is believed to have been cancelled at the end of 1949, since the Treasury sponsorship may have been for only one year. The December 1949 issue of

1244:, presented a March 10, 1940, address entitled "The Negro and the Social Graces". The many guest speakers ranged from local church leaders to celebrities, politicians and distinguished scholars. 2491:

in his grandfather's will, which stipulated that the heir had to have "Glynn" and "Settle" in their name. Settle was admitted to the West Palm Beach Sailfish Club after catching a record-sized

2851:

to benefit a Settle memorial scholarship fund. The choir toured Japan in 1970 and 1972. Frank Everett's tenure as director ended in 1978, although his last concert in the United States was in

2318:'s orchestra); the Christmas program was transcribed for broadcast in the U.S. When the ETO phase of the USO tour ended on January 27, 1946, the choir had performed in Le Harve and Paris, the 961:

spirituals: "To many of the opposite race, (this) is exceedingly distasteful. Imagine your disgust, in tuning in a late evening dance program, to hear ... the blatant strains of a band "

2913:

and kept the form alive in a pure, authentic manner. Unlike popular groups touring internationally (such as the Fisk Jubilee Singers), their songs were not necessarily popular among post-

1581:

to recognize people and groups for improving race relations "in terms of real democracy." Settle was placed on the 1939 honor roll for his role with the program, "outstanding of [

1020:, with Settle arranging for choir members to stay in the homes of Black families if the organizations hosting them could not provide lodging. Settle refused to let the choir perform for 795:. The first known radio program autonomously produced and directed by African-Americans, it is also considered the first program to feature Black people in ways which were not demeaning 3803:; affiliates could preempt (or decline to carry) any show offered by the network. Of Ohio's Mutual affiliates, no evidence exists that Cleveland's WHK or Akron's WHKK carried the show; 1135:

concert requests. Collins visited about 400 radio stations during his 19-month tenure to make arrangements which included lodging in segregated towns. Collins created the choir's first

1682:

had titles such as "This troubled world today", "The meaning of democracy", "Towards racial unity in these times", "Divine help in a time of peril" and "Our second emancipation". The

1620:, on December 26, 1941; however, he remained on the choir's board of trustees. Kramer's new position at WGKV included an ownership stake in the station which was not disclosed to the 3172:

was misplaced by Brackens and is believed lost. The tribute chorus had its first public performance on June 11, 1988, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the national CBS debut of

2941:, is dedicated to Settle, "whose authoritative knowledge and stimulating conversation contributed so much to the making of this book". Scholarly and critical analysis has designated 1316:; the spiritual "When I've Done The Best I've Can" followed the address at La Guardia's request, who noted the song's themes of "inconsolation and reward for unappreciated labor". 3080:

on May 14, 2008, with many the show's AFRS transcriptions also available in its collection. Worth Kramer re-entered radio broadcasting after the war, becoming program director of

2289:

and from many Army chaplains in the ETO" as a reason for the extension. The ETO transfer after they reported to Le Harve on October 6, 1945; the choir flew to Paris shortly after

2483:

honoring his mother which would include an auditorium with a pipe organ and radio facilities. He announced a change in the spelling of his first name to Glynn after being named

2306:-powered stoves. Along with existing material recorded for the VOA, several performances were broadcast live over AFRS (including the Genoa concert and a Christmas program with 1666:

at 10:30 a.m. Eastern time was like any other broadcast, with National Congress of Colored Parents and Teachers president Anna M. P. Strong the guest speaker. News of the

3687: 3163:

and continuation of the original choir. Music teacher and Gethsemane Baptist Church choir director Glenn T. Brackens founded the choir with assistance from Samuel Barber, an

871:, for national distribution on January 9, 1938; it was the first show independently produced and hosted by African Americans to be broadcast nationwide over a radio network. 688:(which much of the congregation had attended). James E. Tate, who had become involved with Gethsemane when Settle was appointed pastor, was appointed director. The choir's 13572: 11899: 11818: 10816: 7643: 7441: 1706:

effort—and transcriptions of the CBS program. Only the songs are confirmed to have been broadcast, and the practice continued until 1946. The show was transcribed for the

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First Baptist on February 16, 1969, with Wings and other choruses singing, and the choir marked its 35th anniversary with an awards banquet on February 21, 1971, at the

1387:), East Coast listeners disliked the conflict with local church services; to diffuse the conflict, Settle suggested that churches broadcast the program as part of their 13360: 3238:

their original incarnation or the varied satellite units that bore the "Wings Over Jordan Choir" name after 1950, a definitive list is almost impossible to compile.

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editor-in-chief Louis B. Seltzer), coupled with the weekly radio program's popularity among Blacks, demonstrates the choir's tangible, lasting interracial impact.

11779: 931:

Choral groups have always been my hobby, and I saw in this group an opportunity to preserve America's finest contribution to the music world—the Negro spiritual.

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noted the choir's tour and Settle in an editorial, considering it Settle's "greatest assignment" and the choir "a beacon light of better racial understanding".

13808: 13779: 12815: 10609: 8585: 8476: 7817: 7276: 3019:

during the network's 50th-anniversary retrospective in 1977, despite records and clippings of the show in its archives. Although WGAR mentioned the success of

2604:

permanently dropped the program after the no-show and accusations against Settle. The choir agreed to tour Mexico in November 1947. It then performed with the

4332: 12228: 11683: 11650: 11338: 10244: 8722: 8615: 8555: 7219: 7189: 5807: 5247: 4837: 4058: 510: 13494: 11959: 11935: 11450: 11420: 11278: 8680: 8506: 7076: 5842: 5777: 5687: 5627: 5186: 4937: 4526: 1335:

was a sustaining program and not dependent on commercial sponsors, the speeches were delivered with little fear of backlash. W. O. Walker's April 12, 1941,

13430: 12198: 12109: 12079: 11246: 10506: 9499: 7033: 13069: 12992: 12939: 12603: 12139: 12049: 11851: 11743: 11620: 9589: 9529: 8027: 7848: 5307: 1608:

attention to other artists in the station's artists services department. With Alber-Zwick now managing the choir, Kramer left WGAR and his positions with

13036: 11525: 10340: 9264: 8645: 5048: 12879: 11040: 9001: 4419: 926:

choir director lasted for four years, and his knowledge of radio production and musical sensitivities set a standard emulated by subsequent conductors.

11713: 11555: 11177: 11110: 10702: 7879: 4867: 2282: 13750: 13200: 12781: 12409: 12378: 12349: 12318: 12016: 11983: 11589: 11368: 11077: 10920: 10854: 10768: 10669: 10639: 10536: 10436: 10373: 10305: 10275: 10178: 10148: 10115: 10065: 10035: 10005: 9963: 9929: 9899: 9840: 9805: 9775: 9741: 9708: 9674: 9457: 9415: 9369: 9324: 9294: 9208: 9141: 9076: 8963: 8929: 8898: 8863: 8794: 8299: 8266: 8209: 8159: 8124: 8090: 6814: 6721: 6691: 6661: 6589: 6515: 6476: 6365: 6305: 6247: 6217: 6126: 6096: 6063: 6008: 5978: 5899: 5546: 5501: 5467: 5277: 5155: 5125: 5013: 4748: 4611: 4569: 4371: 2381:, the Fisk choir's Easter broadcast on April 1, 1945, was also broadcast overseas on shortwave. Other groups performing in the time slot included the 13903: 13681:""I'll Be Somewhere Listening For My Name": Wings Over Jordan Choir, The Spirituals, And The African American Experience During The Second World War" 13099: 12970: 11213: 7474: 2856: 2801:

two nights earlier, when local police pulled them over for allegedly leading civil-rights demonstrations. The two no-shows prompted requests for the

2192: 12681: 12288: 12258: 10403: 7344: 7156: 5730: 2770:, 1960); the latter celebrated the group's 25th anniversary. The ABC-Paramount album was recorded in the auditorium of an abandoned USO building in 1085:

profile as a fan. A June 1, 1939, concert at the Baltimore Armory attracted an audience of over 18,000; it was immediately followed by a recital at

12711: 8431: 7109: 3124:

and his commitment to on-air decency (including a prohibition of on-air profanity on his stations). Wayne Mack, who introduced and closed all WGAR

1754:, director of OWI's Facts and Figures department, issued a memo urging the radio industry to develop programming highlighting Black contributions; 1166:

on July 4, 1940, with 75,000 in attendance; 25,000 were turned away. Persie Ford was one of several choir members who continuously participated in

874:

The choir adopted "Wings Over Jordan" as its permanent name. The name was credited to Settle, who never explained its origin. According to a later

11144: 5657: 3219:

in 2011. John Foxhall, who died February 25, 2021, at age 94, was noted for his long stewardship of WOJAF and his archival work; according to his

11010: 6895: 4900: 12909: 12744: 11483: 7389: 6940: 5579: 4973: 3994: 1990:; Bryant said when he returned, "The boys want more entertainment and especially live entertainment". The following year, Harlem-based producer 1855:-like story" and "a success story of which Dillard is justly proud". Jones was appointed shortly before a March 1942 concert in her hometown of 1375:

varied seasonally between 9:30 and 10:30 a.m. for the next two years before settling on a 10:30 a.m. start on November 2, 1941, after

13948: 13170: 4698: 3709: 3206:"stylized adaptions" of spirituals similar to the Fisk Jubilee Singers, who helped to elevate spirituals to an art form as early as the 1870s. 2176: 1570: 10980: 10950: 8401: 7003: 5929: 3583:

Newspaper stories sometimes spelled Settle's first name "Glen" or last name "Settles"; Settle legally changed his first name to Glynn in 1946.

2163:

1945; they dedicated "We'll Understand It Better, Bye and Bye" to the unit, and followed with an impromptu rendition of "My Lord What a Mornin

7997: 1545: 1324: 4220: 13978: 13398: 10735: 7921: 2909:

Great Depression. Although they had no formal music training until Worth Kramer's involvement, they learned how to sing spirituals through

1804: 1029: 6172: 4476: 4297: 13688: 1964:

in mid-February 1945 as part of the USO's Camp Shows unit for six months, entertaining active-duty U.S. soldiers. A collaboration by six

1771:

For this is our mission, our destiny, throughout the world. We are the measurements of freedom, the storm troopers of the Rights of Man.

846:

caught CBS' attention, particularly that of executive director Sterling Fisher and musical director Davidson Taylor. A special 15-minute

6558: 2409:

resuming when the choir returned on March 3, 1946, after a year-long hiatus. The choir returned to the U.S. with the men sailing on the

13953: 8057: 13725: 7951: 3176:, and was so well-received that additional singers were recruited. Wings Over Jordan Alumni and Friends (WOJAF) was established as an 13692: 3232: 1671: 166: 10579: 9107: 8362: 5373: 1876:

When this war is over, there shall be no North or South, white or colored, but just all united loyal citizens of the United States.

1150:

after they performed in his office, telling them: "if I could hear singing like that every morning, my day would be a lot happier".

3329: 2667: 1913:

The vacation in Cleveland marked the end of Joseph S. Powe's 14-month tenure as conductor, when he left the choir to enlist in the

1726: 395: 1274:, longtime director of Baltimore's Negro schools, appeared on the January 21, 1940, broadcast. E. Washington Rhodes, publisher of 8752: 3958: 3216: 2353:

At Settle's suggestion, CBS kept the choir's time slot by hosting a rotation of prominent black choirs which performed under the

2235: 2188: 1683: 1654: 13557: 11888: 11807: 10805: 7632: 7430: 5410: 13973: 13958: 13933: 13923: 13663: 2382: 2149: 2138:, because we had to try to talk to ordinary soldiers who were fighting. We had to go to the hospitals where they were injured. 1890:

concert for an audience of 4,400 which was delayed for 30 minutes due to the size of the audience and a shortage of seating. A

1694:. By October 1942, Settle and OWI radio bureau head William B. Lewis had an arrangement for OWI to provide guest speakers for 13938: 13606: 12997: 3674: 1032:. Worth Kramer's direction has also been credited with the group's obtaining bookings at venues otherwise hostile to Blacks. 705: 685: 13620: 1908: 1789:, appeared on the November 8, 1942, program to discuss racial discrimination in the armed forces. His address supported the 13928: 13918: 1554: 1371:, its start time was moved to 9:30 a.m. by September 1938 and to 10:30 a.m. on September 17, 1939. Air times for 966: 13452: 2839: 2819: 1781:

Program guests still occasionally broached controversial subjects which involved the war effort. Edwin B. Jourdain, Jr.,

4118: 13651: 11768: 8395: 7694: 2978: 2962: 2401:

Choir. The Fisk University Choir returned to perform in the time slot in November and December, including a program of

1548:. WGAR won the Peabody for medium-market stations for serving Cleveland's ethnic communities and cultural groups, with 1195: 13522: 12564: 13963: 12161: 11300: 5208: 5082: 3841: 2135: 1690:

as an official source for news about Black military personnel, and the program documented Black contributions to the

1621: 1348: 533:. Billed as one of the world's greatest Negro choirs, the Wings Over Jordan Choir is regarded as a forerunner of the 13798: 13769: 12807: 11416: 10601: 8577: 8468: 8330: 7809: 7268: 1232:, appeared on the April 10, 1938, program to talk about the town's founding by emancipated slaves; Green received a 37:

1939 publicity photo of the Wings Over Jordan Choir. The Rev. Glenn Thomas Settle is standing at front right, with "

13842:(Television production). Produced and written by Dianne Bartlow Watkins and Pam Robinson. Los Angeles, California: 9552: 4324: 2925:

Public support by prominent whites (including First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia and

2868:

with many parishioners, choir members and civic leaders in attendance; Settle, Worth Kramer and Member of Congress

2830: 2608:

on November 22, 1947, a concert seen as an achievement after the choir had experienced discrimination in the city.

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broadcasts as an outlet to help let the world know what was happening and the injustices being done in many areas.

12220: 11675: 11642: 11330: 10236: 8714: 8607: 8543: 7211: 7181: 5799: 5239: 4829: 4050: 3143:

the source. The source is those early pioneers of music who did it not only for entertainment, but as a source of

13877: 13484: 11951: 11927: 11442: 11408: 11271: 10336: 8672: 8498: 7068: 6056:"'Wings Over Jordan' Score Sensationally on Eastern Tour: Chorus Packs Auditoriums; Attracts 18,000 in Baltimore" 5834: 5769: 5679: 5619: 5178: 4929: 4518: 4293: 2938: 2350:. ETO headquarters in Paris honored Mildred Ridley as the most efficient manager of any overseas Camp Show unit. 2067: 1886:

During the changes, the choir's performances continued unabated. A Deep South tour included a February 28, 1943,

1380: 1056: 788:

featured guests who would talk about issues facing Blacks; the first program's guests were Rev. H. C. Bailey and

13420: 12191: 12101: 12071: 11238: 10498: 9491: 9047: 7298: 7025: 2421:

ended his involvement with the choir, the USO issued service awards to him and everyone else for their efforts.

13061: 12931: 12595: 12131: 12041: 11843: 11735: 11612: 9581: 9521: 8019: 7840: 7741: 5299: 4105:"SETTLE, REV. DR. GLENN THOMAS | Encyclopedia of Cleveland History | Case Western Reserve University" 3862: 3787: 1736:(a former CBS newsman), was to influence and control American popular opinion via radio; the office recognized 1446: 1204: 1170:

throughout this period; according to grandson Glenn A. Brackens, she was on the road for nine years and took a

13028: 11517: 10328: 9256: 8637: 5040: 2000:

in a six-month tour; Campbell was also tasked with overseeing the choir's activities during their engagement.

296: 13968: 12875: 12867: 11032: 9230: 9039: 8993: 4411: 2153: 2102: 1351:

looked favorably on sustaining programs, however, using them to assess if a broadcaster was operating in the

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corroborated, and little evidence exists that WGAR ever dropped the program because of a management dispute.

724:

bookings throughout the city and an early-1937 regional tour which included Settle's hometown of Uniontown.

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musical background and experience in written composition also helped to preserve spirituals in print form.

2628: 2439: 2180: 1961: 1926: 1604: 697: 141: 13091: 12962: 11202: 7466: 13943: 12673: 12280: 12250: 10395: 7336: 7143: 5714: 3844:(FCC) when accusations were made about the editorial and business practices of owner George A. Richards. 3077: 2987: 2671: 1367:

The program was broadcast live on Sunday mornings during its CBS run. Initially airing at 9:00 a.m.

655: 12703: 8423: 7101: 4562:"Negro Hour broadcast over CBS as 'Wings Over Jordan': Rev. Settles and choir are given national notice" 2679:

was quietly dropped from the lineup at the end of 1949 when the U.S. Treasury withdrew its sponsorship.

2357:

banner; they were produced and directed by his son, Glenn Howard Settle. The first choir selected as a "

1323:. For the first time on network radio, Black people were talking substantively about racial inequities, 13890: 13721: 11136: 5649: 3899: 3657: 3650: 3638: 3549: 3092:) in 1946. Kramer remained there until 1963, making WJR a public-service leader and helping to sign on 2663: 2456: 2386: 1922: 1075: 607: 457: 245: 11002: 2459:, when a white man covered its signage with aluminum paint; local businessmen provided the choir with 2241: 1945:

pastor on a USO tour, bringing joy and inspiration to millions of soldiers lonely for home and peace.

1270:'s New York City chapter, talked about the organization's relationship with Blacks on March 12, 1939. 13598: 12901: 12733: 11475: 7378: 6929: 5568: 4962: 4882: 3983: 3025: 2640: 2590: 2394: 1617: 1399:

The choir's reach became international in September 1938, when the British Broadcasting Corporation (

1254: 1241: 1090: 755:

radio broadcaster, Settle entered the choir in an on-air amateur contest hosted by Cleveland station

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broadcasts, was also remembered for his involvement with the show when he died on October 15, 2000.

2580:

replaced the entire roster after a walkout. Conductor Gilbert Allen is kneeling in the center front.

13568: 13558:"The Origin and Historical Development of Prominent Professional Black Choirs in the United States" 10972: 10942: 6995: 5921: 3322: 2892: 2797:, on consecutive nights were cancelled when the choir failed to appear. This followed a concert in 2692:

their performances, affecting the choir's sound quality and contradicting its founding principles.

1991: 1983: 1974: 1860: 1761:

doing everything they can to win just like everyone else." The U.S. government was concerned about

1540:

The program's greatest recognition in the radio industry came when WGAR and CBS received inaugural

1396:

called the experimental program "another glorious chapter in (the choir's) unusual success story".

1276: 1229: 1094: 893: 11518:"Obituary of (Mary) Elizabeth Carter Settle, Uniontown (PA) Evening Standard, Thursday, 5/19/1955" 8387:

Double Victory: How African American Women Broke Race and Gender Barriers to Help Win World War II

7989: 6907: 1899:, cooking facilities and restrooms. It is unknown how the choir could afford this, in addition to 513:(1894–1967), the choir performed concerts throughout the country during its height (often defying 4208: 3669:

Du Bois, Wesley and Hughes' appearances on the program cannot be easily attributed, and could be

3368: 3177: 3064:, a half-hour documentary on the choir which aired on February 18, 1989 and was nominated for an 3029: 1707: 1566: 1495:. Seltzer's column, "There Is A Foundation," was an emotional response to a Wings recital at the 1433: 1237: 740: 620: 507: 493: 292: 13899: 13390: 10881: 10727: 7913: 2505:

I was planning to leave the choir soon, to accept a position as head of the music department at

13873: 5118:"Rev. Settles Says No Effort Being Made to Take Credit from Any In Cast of 'Wings Over Jordan'" 4468: 4285: 3372: 3350: 2632: 2599: 2531: 1698:

and news bulletins at the beginning of the program. The choir began recording material for the

1667: 1263: 1140: 1098: 958: 429: 7431:"MacLeish-OFF Memo to Stations Requests Programs Highlighting Negro in Relation to War Effort" 2530:

Roberts rejoined the choir for the postwar tour as a featured soloist and recruited his wife,

2093:

that the choir was "setting things on fire" overseas. The choir was able to see the sights in

627:

after being inspired to improve his education; he took classes in the evening and worked as a

13655: 10480: 6550: 4104: 3877:

in 1998, which merged into Clear Channel Communications the following year and was rebranded

3376: 3164: 2946: 2852: 2447: 2438:(160,000 km) and performed for over 250,000 people. Highlights included performances at 2410: 2299: 2294:

have nobly fought". Three military personnel were assigned to the group, which traveled in a

2184: 2074: 1970: 1845:. The promotion to director after work with a local Louisiana church choir was viewed by the 1829: 1816: 1518: 1505: 1309: 1301: 1101:

in May 1939, with its initial headquarters at Gethsemane Baptist Church. It had moved to the

978: 855: 717: 624: 534: 9667:""Wings Over Jordan" Winding Up Successful Road Season; Plans Benefit Concert For Cleveland" 8049: 7768: 2965:

of the era. Cleveland mayor Harold Hitz Burton, one of two guests on the premiere of WGAR's

567:

workers and elevator operators, while women were employed as maids, cooks and seamstresses.

12654: 10893: 7943: 6874: 3301: 3042: 2970: 2930: 2802: 2771: 2605: 2506: 2374: 2370: 2231: 1755: 1355:. By capitalizing on the indifference of white owners of CBS affiliates in the Deep South, 1108: 1005: 970: 860: 136: 13709: 13680: 4412:"Wings Over Jordan Celebration Chorus sings Negro spirituals for 75th anniversary concert" 8: 13002: 12642: 10571: 9099: 8357: 8352: 5365: 3775: 3448: 3396: 3069: 3000: 2848: 2806: 2759: 2398: 2168: 1578: 1522: 1319:

Distinguished Black artists and scholars on the program were revolutionary, breaking the

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The Dream Dancers, Vol III: E Pluribus Unum – The Battle for American Equality 1924–1947

6164: 808:

after Settle praised his "natural ability ... to train and direct singing groups".

759:. The choir was ruled ineligible; the station considered them professional artists, but 476:

and artists as guest speakers. One of the highest-rated religious radio programs in the

3783: 3779: 3354: 3207: 3181: 3065: 3037: 2974: 2914: 2794: 2724: 2636: 2627:", was released in October 1948. It was their third recording deal, after Columbia and 2405:. The Tuskegee Institute Choir was the last group to substitute in February 1946, with 2290: 2212: 2117: 2009: 1914: 1847: 1842: 1795: 1782: 1751: 1650: 1625: 1441: 1320: 1305: 1021: 1001: 888:

at death and hearing the "winged chorus of angels" while completing the journey to the

792: 789: 603: 389: 13886: 13837: 13523:"Preserving the Negro Spiritual: A Case Study of Wings Over Jordan Celebration Chorus" 8744: 3950: 2451: 1236:

to the WGAR studios, and bestowed a key to the city by Cleveland mayor Harold Burton.

13847: 13612: 13602: 13533: 12596:"Harold Burton, Cleveland mayor and U.S. Supreme Court justice, was also a great dad" 11443:"Wings Over Jordan En Route to Nippon, Korea: Voices Head for Orient at Gov't Behest" 8391: 7700: 7690: 5722: 3870: 3503: 3499: 3433: 3418: 3297: 3268: 3260: 3101: 2958: 2957:

said, "the spirituals were to meet the need of the present journeys"; the spiritual "

2869: 2798: 2617: 2586: 2246: 2208: 2063: 2036: 1918: 1790: 1721:'s efficiency with multifaceted propaganda, and saw the unintended terror sparked by 1703: 1384: 1368: 1285: 1259: 1163: 1062:

was one of the choir's most visible supporters, inviting several of its members to a

1059: 897: 765: 677: 636: 412: 13642: 3120:. At his death on July 19, 1998, at age 89, Kramer was noted for his stewardship of 1960:

The choir's most significant involvement in the war effort was its selection by the

1450:

educational series in 1942, which was broadcast throughout North and South America.

1347:) radio show in 1933, but it was cancelled after protests by southern stations. The 735: 8499:"Stream-Lined "Porgy And Bess" Produced By Dick Campbell For USO-Camp Shows Abroad" 6851: 3895: 3202: 3036:

in 1986. Nationwide sold WGAR in 1990, retaining WGAR-FM and moving its studios to

2109: 2005: 1868: 1699: 1600: 1492: 1429: 1281: 1208: 1071: 489: 7742:"The Courier's Double 'V' For A Double Victory Campaign Gets Country-Wide Support" 2148:

The choir was most closely involved during the first phase of their tour with the

1004:, with the network agreeing to cover all airtime costs; this removed the need for 13592: 8551: 8385: 7684: 3866: 3097: 2982: 2814: 2790: 2719:, and was broadcast to military personnel by radio. In a letter to the Uniontown 2537:

On August 24, 1947, two weeks after the show's 500th episode, the choir staged a

2402: 2366: 2295: 1965: 1921:, native Hattye Easley was promoted to conductor in a popular move. Settle hired 1891: 1745: 1500: 1496: 1489: 1485: 1404: 1352: 1297: 1289: 1271: 1245: 944: 805: 616: 481: 13659: 10484: 1037:

If I could hear singing like that every morning, my day would be a lot happier.

838:

On September 26, 1937, WGAR switched affiliation from NBC's Blue Network to the

7032:. San Francisco, California. Associated Press. February 14, 1940. p. SF1. 3804: 3339: 3312: 3085: 2954: 2910: 2905: 2621: 2443: 2220: 2172: 2112:

as the choir walked onstage and ended with several encores for the audience of

2059: 1996: 1732:

as a testament to radio's effect on the public. The OWI's task, under director

1541: 1476: 1379:. Although the 10:30 a.m. start was meant to accommodate listeners on the 1249: 648: 643:

which split into two congregations in 1933. In Elyria, Settle became known for

497: 3641:

programs at this time. In 1937, Cleveland had only four radio stations: WGAR,

13912: 5726: 4360:""Wings Over Jordan" Choir Signs Contract To Record Famed Songs For Columbia" 4251:"John Foxhall, member of prominent Black choir Wings Over Jordan, dies at 94" 3891: 3849: 3047: 2918: 2810: 2572: 2460: 2311: 2156: 2028: 1979: 1951: 1896: 1691: 1577:

to its Honor Roll of Race Relations, a nationwide poll conducted annually by

1514: 1416: 1388: 1233: 1112: 1103: 1025: 773: 611: 574: 514: 477: 465: 432: 375: 13851: 3898:; its location during Settle's pastorate was redeveloped into the campus of 3395:

1956: "Take Me To The Water" / "Hush Children, Somebody's Calling My Name" (

3272: 2789:

An August 1964 tour by the East Coast choir went awry after two concerts in

1499:; he wrote that the choir and its repertoire complemented Arab's laments in 867:, the first non-Cleveland guest speaker. CBS picked up the program, renamed 38: 13797: 13768: 13632: 12660: 12648: 11736:"Wings Over Jordan Successors: Negro Choir to Give Concert in Sayre Church" 10899: 10887: 10875: 7715: 7508:

McDonough, John (December 6, 1991), "Hear It Now: Pearl Harbor Day Radio",

6880: 6631: 6504:"Gov. Bricker is Anniversary Speaker on 'Wings' program at Antioch Baptist" 6294:"Mississippi Mayor To Talk Over Radio Here Sunday–To Get Motorcycle Escort" 4888: 3816: 3757:

Madalin Oliva Trigg Price said that the unit consisted of 19 people, but a

3739: 3596: 3169: 3152: 3117: 3008: 2650: 2521: 2358: 2098: 2024: 1808: 1722: 1718: 1675: 1528: 1340: 1308:

were the most prominent white guest speakers. Bricker—later honored by the

1220: 962: 885: 881: 829: 769: 752: 712:

songs, calling the former songs of woe and saying that the latter proclaim

709: 640: 526: 12938:. Oceanside, California. Associated Press. November 10, 1989. p. D5. 10141:"Wings Over Jordan Celebrates 500th Broadcast Over CBS, Sunday, Aug. 10th" 8083:""Wings" Choir Back Home; To Appear At Gethsemane On Mother's Day Program" 7269:"Akron Civic Chorus Gives Spring Program Tuesday Night; Macdonald Soloist" 3848:

is conflated with the station's previous carriage of the NBC Blue Network

3524: 3223:

obituary, "There's no legacy of Wings Over Jordan Choir without Foxhall".

2904:

Settle's objectives for the choir when it was formed were to help improve

2219:

and the British all joined in the inspired race to cover the territory in

8322: 8152:"Internationally-Famous "Wings Over Jordan" Choir Vacations in Cleveland" 5430: 3878: 3800: 3625: 3494: 3474: 3459: 3343: 3254: 3160: 2999:

Despite being CBS's most-prominent sustaining program during much of the

2775: 2767: 2708: 2704: 2613: 2546: 2484: 2339: 2315: 2307: 2016: 1987: 1856: 1762: 1733: 1510: 1359:

helped to introduce these issues to a white audience for the first time.

1116: 1067: 950: 751:

After consulting a colleague at Cleveland's street department who was an

673: 539: 12015:. Long Beach, California. Associated Press. August 25, 1964. p. 1. 10104:"Wings Over Jordan Revolts Against Rev. Settles; Charges "Mistreatment"" 6684:""Wings" to Air Daily Programs From Euclid Avenue Baptist Church Chapel" 3515: 2647:

members and conducted by King, after the cancellation. Another program,

2631:' Queen label. Of the choir's RCA output, the December 1948 release of " 1765:

exploitation of racial tensions with propaganda and other manipulation.

1300:, Cleveland mayor Harold Burton, New York mayor Fiorello La Guardia and 1262:

gave a February 5, 1939, speech entitled "The Negro's part in history."

1199:

The choir (seated) in a February 1943 broadcast hosted by CBS affiliate

12710:. Dayton, Ohio. Associated Press. December 6, 1953. p. SECOND-18. 12048:. Fresno, California. Associated Press. August 25, 1964. p. 16-A. 10058:"Wings Over Jordan Founder Snares Sailfish, Joins Exclusive Fraternity" 7108:. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. February 8, 1942. p. 14. 3824: 3603:

at 9:30 a.m. on its Mutual schedule; the January 1950 issue lists

3060:

in Los Angeles (CBS's West Coast television flagship station) produced

2464: 2216: 1864: 1852: 1812: 1313: 1171: 974: 954: 847: 818:

My only knowledge of Dr. Suttle (sic) is derived from his relation to (

772:, WGAR recently removed a Sunday-morning Blue Network program with the 693: 689: 681: 628: 530: 522: 469: 418: 415: 146: 88: 46: 13251: 11613:"An Adventure in Brotherhood: Jordan Choir Brings A New Understanding" 10602:"Audience Estimated at 700 Attends Third Local Concert by Negro Choir" 5215:. Lexington, Kentucky. Associated Press. November 9, 1937. p. 2. 3553:– a similar religious radio program continuously broadcast since 1929. 3422: 2475:

was reportedly identified at least once as the originating station of

583: 496:. The program has been credited with WGAR and CBS receiving inaugural 10815:. Vol. 68, no. 46. November 17, 1956. pp. 26, 28, 30. 10366:""Wings Over Jordan Will be on Air Sunday," Say Glenn T. Settles, Jr" 9892:"Wings Over Jordan To Give Benefit Performance At Gethsemane Baptist" 7810:"Fine Concert Given Here Last Evening by "Wings Over Jordan" Singers" 6862: 4216: 3820: 3670: 3486: 3318:

1946: "I'm Rollin'" / "When You Come Out The Wilderness" (Queen 4142)

3131: 3109: 3040:. WGAR-FM inherited the AM station's legacy and heritage, but a 1995 2872:

sent cards and telegrams in recognition of Firmbanks' contributions.

2689: 2684: 2542: 2488: 2472: 2390: 2347: 2343: 2196: 1834: 1613: 1224: 1200: 1136: 1093:

before a capacity crowd, despite little advance promotion. The choir

1013: 889: 796: 713: 684:

choir with his singers and singers from other choirs and Cleveland's

425: 98: 77: 13807:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Fulton, Walter & Halley. 1948. 13778:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Fulton, Walter & Halley. 1948. 12078:. Fresno, California. Associated Press. August 24, 1964. p. 1. 3861:

WGAR and WGAR-FM were resold several times following passage of the

3507: 3437: 1994:—the USO's coordinator of Camp Show Negro talent—staged the musical 1828:

Worth Kramer's departure necessitated a search for a new conductor.

863:

religious leader Henry Allen Boyd appeared on the December 5, 1937,

13239: 12402:"'Hats Off' To Gethsemane's Choir For Honoring Its Former Director" 10662:"Wings Over Jordan to Appear With San Antonio Symphony November 22" 3621: 3159:

The "Wings Over Jordan Celebration Chorus" was formed in 1988 as a

3050:

station "perhaps always associated with greatness" did not mention

2951: 2492: 2323: 2303: 2255: 2131: 2078: 2040: 2020: 1900: 1786: 1480: 1328: 1070:

on December 5, 1938. This followed three successful engagements in

1052: 1009: 876: 363: 13616: 13299: 11898:. Vol. 70, no. 4. January 27, 1958. pp. 26, 28–29. 11033:"Tuning Guide to Cincinnati Radio Stations: Sunday Radio Programs" 7704: 7552: 4085: 3335:

1946: "Plenty Good Room" / "I Will Trust In The Lord" (Queen 4156)

2520:

another trip to California which included a cameo appearance in a

2463:, and the vandal was fined $ 500 and sentenced to six months on a 2327: 13843: 13489: 13457: 13425: 12496: 12484: 6619: 3815:), but subsequent listings do not include the Sunday broadcasts. 3646: 3220: 3093: 3089: 3057: 3033: 3028:

in 1953; ended its CBS affiliation in 1962; moved its studios to

2822:

on July 25, 1965, with other Protestant and Catholic performers.

2538: 2335: 2331: 2319: 2259: 2081:

and transported to Peninsular Base Section (PBS) headquarters in

2032: 1887: 1838: 1216: 1120: 1081:, a first for the choir. Roosevelt was cited in the choir's 1940 1017: 721: 665: 632: 473: 13453:"Wings Over Jordan Choir – Original Greatest Hits (1978, Vinyl)" 12372:"Church Notes: Members of the Wings Over Jordan gospel group..." 11239:"Famed Choir Is Appearing: "Wings Over Jordan" Concert Arranged" 9616: 9604: 3264: 3185:

Over Jordan since 1988, financial issues have been an obstacle.

2985:, Brown is he best known for his participation in the unanimous 2699:

to again perform for overseas personnel (this time stationed in

2203:

on April 27, 1945. The rare integrated front lines were said by

1280:, delivered "The Fight for Negro Freedom" on September 6, 1942. 13227: 12868:"Now, that's country: CMA names WGAR radio station of the year" 11778:. Vol. 71, no. 2. January 12, 1959. pp. 32, 55. 9197:"Wings Over Jordan Chorus Enroute Home From European USO Jaunt" 6262: 3287: 2774:, and the production-related difficulties were detailed in its 2700: 2555: 2480: 2446:; after the latter, director James Lewis Elkins was invited by 2160: 2101:, despite performing as many as six days a week. Settle told a 2082: 2044: 1711: 1412: 1408: 1131:

as "...perhaps one of the Nation's largest Negro enterprises."

1086: 913: 781:

on July 11, 1937, for which Settle's choir provided the music.

644: 12630: 10028:"Changes Spelling of Name, Rev. Settle is Now Owner of Island" 7576: 3624:, the station was renamed WCLE later in 1937 and relocated to 1403:) picked up the program as part of a goodwill exchange on its 680:. Gethsemane had no music ministry, and Settle established an 635:

during the day. Before his ordination, Settle led a church in

13749:. Peoria, Illinois: National Radio Personalities, Inc. 1939. 10843:"Keep an Eye on Andy Franklin: He is Bound for Tops in Radio" 10429:"Olive Thompson Joins Wings Over Jordan Choir After Walk-Out" 6240:"Joe Louis On Radio; "Wings Over Jordan" Gives Press Recital" 3874: 3873:). Nationwide sold its radio holdings (including WGAR-FM) to 3811:

carried the first two Saturday-afternoon programs (listed as

3771: 2835: 2712: 2467:

for what the judge called "tampering with the works of God".

2281:

tour was immediately followed up by a four-month tour in the

2200: 2066:), the choir's departure was a military secret. Boarding the 1479:

firm Alber-Zwick Corporation signed the choir to an $ 85,000

1420: 1344: 1063: 953:

proficiently. He defended the choir in a 1941 open letter to

595: 421: 8451: 8449: 7894: 7388:. Vol. 25, no. 25. December 20, 1943. p. 12. 7359: 4972:. Vol. 13, no. 6. September 15, 1937. p. 15. 4797: 4795: 3993:. Vol. 47, no. 26. December 27, 1954. p. 24. 3865:. WGAR was renamed WKNR in 1990, became WHK in 2001, and is 3840:

In 1948, WGAR produced a two-volume station history for the

3699:. It made several changes in the following years, moving to 2778:. An additional King album of previously-released material, 2258:

Theodore Johnson, presented her with roses when they met in

1799:

on February 7, 1942, to rally Blacks to fight for democracy

13710:"The Wings Over Jordan and the Scholarship of Oral History" 13397:. Raleigh, North Carolina. April 10, 1949. p. 23-III. 12743:. Vol. 61, no. 19. November 6, 1961. p. 78. 12520: 11928:"Here Next Tuesday Night: Famous "Wings Over Jordan" Choir" 11449:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. December 12, 1953. p. 20. 9798:"Wings Over Jordan Sets Precedent, Now Uses Two Conductors" 8679:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. February 24, 1945. p. 13. 8644:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. February 24, 1945. p. 15. 8608:"Today's Programs: Guy Lombardo Guest On Bandwagon at 6:30" 6448: 6446: 4255: 3978: 3976: 3894:, the church was forced to relocate in 1954 to Cleveland's 3828: 3808: 3724: 3653: 3538: 3113: 3105: 2896: 2809:

was never issued due to lack of information (including the

2594: 2435: 2378: 2250: 2113: 2094: 1904: 1267: 1078: 982: 760: 756: 669: 445: 307:

Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, Cleveland, Ohio (summer 1941)

228: 13332:"Fine Arts Association to feature Wings Over Jordan Choir" 12908:. Los Angeles, California. February 18, 1989. p. 84. 12257:. Los Angeles, California. February 11, 1971. p. 11. 12227:. Los Angeles, California. February 15, 1969. p. 19. 12168:. Los Angeles, California. July 26, 1965. p. 10-III. 10783: 10701:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. October 16, 1948. p. 20. 9263:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. October 13, 1945. p. 14. 9016: 8949: 8947: 8751:. St. Petersburg, Florida. February 25, 1945. p. 10. 8584:. Los Angeles, California. February 22, 1945. p. 20. 8521: 8430:. Barksdale Field, Louisiana. January 6, 1945. p. 5. 7689:. Evanston, Illinois: Shorefront N.F.P. pp. 278–283. 5620:""Wings Over Jordan" Choir To Appear In Lynchburg Recital" 5578:. Vol. 17, no. 9. November 1, 1939. p. 46. 5306:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. December 4, 1937. p. 19. 5148:"Ohio Baptist General Association To Hold Convention Here" 4475:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. December 23, 1916. p. 10. 2695:

The choir's reputation preceded itself as the USO invited

2116:; the choir was then invited to a social by the company's 1343:

was the first person of color to host a sponsored (by the

850:

slot was given to the choir on November 9, 1937. Entitled

472:, featuring distinguished black church and civic leaders, 13311: 12472: 12424: 11866: 11482:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. January 15, 1954. p. 11. 10755: 10753: 10734:. Raleigh, North Carolina. October 24, 1948. p. 36. 10479:. Los Angeles, California. October 30, 1947. p. 21. 9472: 9430: 9156: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8809: 8446: 8236: 7950:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. August 15, 1942. p. 23. 7661: 7600: 7588: 7540: 7516: 7152: 7124: 7048: 6939:. Vol. 20, no. 12. March 31, 1941. p. 21. 5953: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5521: 5519: 5089:. Charlotte, North Carolina. March 16, 1941. p. 10. 4792: 4152:"Heyday of Negro spirituals highlighted singer's mission" 3933: 3931: 3823:

carried the program live until early September 1949, and

3642: 3475:

An Outstanding Collection of Traditional Negro Spirituals

3332:" / "You Got To Stand The Test In Judgement" (Queen 4155) 3259:(Musical score). Philadelphia: Rodeheaver, Hall-Mack Co. 3081: 3015:, had no information on the program. CBS did not mention 2780:

An Outstanding Collection of Traditional Negro Spirituals

2716: 2227: 2226:

The division was tasked with returning to Genoa a golden

1583: 1400: 839: 606:

under the direction of Rev. Glenn Thomas Settle. Born in

518: 485: 453: 42: 13355: 13353: 12680:. Dayton, Ohio. United Press. May 28, 1951. p. 25. 12460: 11817:. Vol. 72, no. 25. June 20, 1960. p. 13. 11554:. Connellsville, Pennsylvania. May 19, 1955. p. 2. 11415:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. October 7, 1953. pp. 1, 9886: 9884: 9734:"Wings Over Jordan Guests Of New York City Philharmonic" 9728: 9726: 9450:""Wings" Broadcasts Christmas Program Over Army Network" 9389: 9387: 9356: 9354: 8885: 8883: 8881: 8838: 8836: 7920:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. March 28, 1942. p. 23. 7841:"Gladys Jones new director of 'Wings Over Jordan' Choir" 7748:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. February 14, 1942. p. 1 7218:. Los Angeles, California. February 6, 1947. p. 4. 6930:"Their Organizations Winners of the 1940 Peabody Awards" 6780: 6778: 6443: 6274: 5971:"Rev. Glenn Settle and Party entertained at White House" 5626:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. March 11, 1939. p. 22. 4451: 4449: 3973: 1841:

for the choir, Jones trained under Hall as a student at

13275: 13263: 13215: 12532: 12448: 12436: 12197:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. July 29, 1967. p. 16. 11802: 11800: 11712:. Bloomington, Illinois. December 4, 1958. p. 21. 11388: 11386: 11176:. Vol. 32, no. 7. December 1949. p. 68. 11060: 11058: 10943:"Today's Programs/Sunday's Program's/Monday's Programs" 10451: 10423: 10421: 10360: 10358: 10193: 10135: 10133: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10083: 9978: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9661: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9628: 9498:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. March 17, 1945. p. 8. 9191: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9168: 8956:"Negro Choir Gives Italians New Idea Of American Music" 8944: 8673:"'Wings Over Jordan' Choir Commissioned To Go Overseas" 8253: 8251: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8179: 8177: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8110: 8108: 8077: 8075: 7971: 7969: 6975: 6973: 6958: 6834: 6832: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6741: 6739: 6609: 6607: 6549:

Bainbridge, John; Maloney, Russell (January 31, 1942).

6433: 6431: 6328:""The Negro and the Social Graces" | NC Historic Sites" 6035: 6001:"'Wings Over Jordan' to be heard from Nation's Capital" 5800:"Know Shreveport Radio for the Sabbath (advertisement)" 5417:. St. Petersburg, Florida. March 19, 1949. p. 22. 5041:"Rev. Settle's Musing Leads To Wings Over Jordan Tours" 4280: 4278: 4024: 3799:

Despite its large affiliate base, Mutual operated as a

2813:

number of the tour bus). All nine singers showed up in

2735: 2159:. Almond invited the choir to sing for the division on 1670:

broke four hours later, prompting the United States to

1331:(typically avoided by white-controlled media). Because 1024:

audiences; they were occasionally jailed for violating

700:

and, after falling out of favor among Blacks following

13062:"Worth Kramer: Radio exec didn't want swearing on air" 12565:"Reader asks about 'Wings over Jordan' choir pamphlet" 11982:. Dunsmuir, California. February 13, 1958. p. 7. 11934:. Coudersport, Pennsylvania. May 16, 1957. p. 7. 11850:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. July 9, 1960. p. 24. 11575: 11573: 11212:. Vol. 33, no. 2. January 1950. p. 68. 10973:"Today's Programs/Sunday's Programs/Monday's Programs" 10913:""Wings Over Jordan" Chief In Command Appearance Here" 10800: 10798: 10750: 10608:. Marshfield, Wisconsin. October 4, 1955. p. 10. 9588:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. June 16, 1945. p. 8. 9237:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. August 25, 1945. p. 8 8978: 8614:. St. Louis, Missouri. February 25, 1945. p. 5H. 8505:. New York, New York. September 30, 1944. p. 10. 8475:. New York, New York. December 14, 1943. p. 45M. 8286: 8284: 8026:. Bloomington, Illinois. October 27, 1942. p. 3. 6648: 6646: 6463: 6461: 6204: 6202: 6187: 6141: 5944: 5869: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5516: 5437: 5393: 5391: 5322: 5300:"Henry Allen Boyd will be on air at Cleveland, Dec. 5" 5240:"Grace Moore to Be Featured In "Puccini Night" Sunday" 5063: 4905: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4670: 4668: 4643: 4641: 4626: 4496: 4494: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4073: 3928: 720:. The choir quickly became popular in Cleveland, with 13350: 12618: 12544: 12508: 12138:. Los Angeles, California. June 3, 1965. p. 24. 11883: 11881: 11763: 11761: 11706:"Wings Over Jordan Singers Slate Bloomington Concert" 11682:. Los Angeles, California. June 26, 1958. p. 5. 11307:. Lock Haven, Pennsylvania. May 10, 1951. p. 3. 10551: 10529:"Original Members Now On Tour With Wings Over Jordan" 10470: 10468: 10466: 9881: 9863:"Southerner Pays For Defacing Bus Of Cleveland Choir" 9723: 9640: 9384: 9351: 9339: 8878: 8833: 8821: 8767: 8721:. Owensboro, Kentucky. February 28, 1945. p. 9. 8695: 8020:"Wings Over Jordan Chorus Enthralls 1,000 at Concert" 7722: 7612: 7528: 7489: 7234: 7026:"Awards for Negro Aids: Mrs. Roosevelt Among Honored" 6775: 6530: 6416: 6404: 6392: 6380: 5886: 5884: 5454: 5452: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4735: 4733: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4446: 3100:. He eventually entered station ownership again with 2183:". The choir opened a series of concerts celebrating 1637: 1428:

estimated in 1940 at 107 stations. Shortwave station

13485:"Wings Over Jordan – Trying To Get Ready (2007, CD)" 13287: 13193:"Gethsemane Church Observes 59th Anniversary Sunday" 12969:. Camden, New Jersey. Associated Press. p. 2C. 11797: 11524:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. May 19, 1955. p. 6. 11498: 11383: 11361:""Wings Over Jordan" Gives Superb Performance Thurs" 11337:. Belleville, Illinois. April 11, 1950. p. 10. 11055: 10418: 10355: 10217: 10205: 10130: 10080: 9820: 9689: 9652: 9528:. Nashville, Tennessee. March 29, 1945. p. 20. 9180: 8891:""Wings" Received With Undisguised Joy By G.I. Vets" 8638:"CBS "Wings Over Jordan" Featured On 'Radio Digest'" 8353:"Today in History – February 4: Home Away From Home" 8248: 8224: 8189: 8174: 8139: 8105: 8072: 8056:. Tacoma, Washington. December 29, 1943. p. 8. 7966: 7787: 7678: 7676: 7407: 7317: 7305:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. May 23, 1942. p. 20 7246: 6970: 6829: 6790: 6763: 6751: 6736: 6604: 6428: 5806:. Shreveport, Louisiana. March 2, 1941. p. 21. 5656:. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. May 8, 1939. p. 2. 4866:. Uniontown, Pennsylvania. May 22, 1937. p. 3. 4275: 3392:

1953: "Wings Over Jordan Choir Vol. 3" (King EP-234)

3389:

1953: "Wings Over Jordan Choir Vol. 2" (King EP-233)

2383:

Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina

1296:

were also credited as guest speakers. Ohio governor

704:, experienced a resurgence in popularity during the 696:

documented the African-American psyche during their

12377:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 6, 1976. p. 12-B. 11570: 11109:. Vol. 32, no. 2. July 1949. p. 68. 10795: 10535:. Cleveland, Ohio. September 13, 1947. p. 7B. 10505:. San Angelo, Texas. September 6, 1947. p. 8. 10499:"Negro Choir Coming Here To Seek Two Local Singers" 9998:"Wings Plans Office Building, Shrine And Dormitory" 9740:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 30, 1946. p. 11B. 9697:""Wings" to Appear June 2 in Madison Square Garden" 9127: 9125: 8469:"Soldiers Prefer Live Entertainers White and Negro" 8281: 8202:"New Conductor of Famous 'Wings Over Jordan' Choir" 7816:. Freeport, Illinois. January 23, 1942. p. 6. 7564: 7424: 7422: 7002:. Sioux City, Iowa. February 17, 1946. p. 28. 6803:"N.Y. Corporation Buys "Exclusive" on Famous Choir" 6643: 6458: 6199: 6119:"Wings Over Jordan Moves Offices To Call-Post Bldg" 6023: 5857: 5745: 5597: 5388: 4830:"Wings Over Jordan Choir To Perform At Tyrone YMCA" 4807: 4780: 4763: 4713: 4665: 4653: 4638: 4584: 4491: 4434: 4347: 3916: 2825: 2298:truck containing scenery, props and floodlights, a 2077:emotionally affected everyone on board. Landing at 1258:, appeared on the July 7, 1940, program. Historian 1158:that July. The largest recorded attendance for any 1154:returned to New York City for a performance at the 13641: 13143: 13122: 12838: 12287:. Hanford, California. April 15, 1972. p. 4. 11878: 11758: 11676:"Wings Over Jordan Choir Will Preserve Spirituals" 11245:. El Reno, Oklahoma. January 23, 1950. p. 3. 11072:. Cleveland, Ohio. February 19, 1949. pp. 1B– 10767:. Amarillo, Texas. December 22, 1948. p. 24. 10668:. Cleveland, Ohio. October 18, 1947. p. 13A. 10463: 10304:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 13, 1976. p. 5A. 10243:. Cincinnati, Ohio. January 11, 1942. p. 35. 10177:. Cleveland, Ohio. September 20, 1941. p. 9. 10034:. Cleveland, Ohio. February 16, 1946. p. 8A. 9804:. Cleveland, Ohio. August 23, 1947. p. 11-B. 9368:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 3, 1945. p. 12A. 9203:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 26, 1946. pp. 1A, 8544:"For Your Sunday Quiet Hour: Spirituals Go to War" 8292:"Jordan Choir Readies for Global Tour of GI Bases" 8208:. Cleveland, Ohio. December 11, 1943. p. 8A. 7473:. Lansing, Michigan. December 6, 1991. p. 6. 7188:. Cincinnati, Ohio. January 11, 1942. p. 35. 6654:""Wings Over Jordan" to Broadcast Daily over WGAR" 6498: 6496: 6494: 6475:. Cleveland, Ohio. September 20, 1941. p. 9. 6158: 6156: 5881: 5776:. Birmingham, Alabama. March 28, 1941. p. 1. 5531: 5449: 5105: 4991: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4836:. Tyrone, Pennsylvania. June 23, 1954. p. 6. 4824: 4822: 4747:. Cleveland, Ohio. September 30, 1937. p. 6. 4730: 4697:. Cincinnati, Ohio. October 31, 1938. p. 15. 4685: 4683: 4541: 4506: 4249:Hlavaty, Kaylyn; Fenner, Bob (February 25, 2021). 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4150: 4012: 1407:service. The program was available to stations in 917:Worth Kramer directed the choir from 1938 to 1942. 13904:National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center 13743:WGAR, Cleveland's Friendly Station: Personalities 13643:"Wings Over Jordan and American Radio: 1937-1947" 13367:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. September 4, 2014. 13199:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 21, 1959. p. 6. 13124:"Wayne Mack, 89, Hosted legendary radio programs" 13068:. Detroit, Michigan. August 6, 1998. p. 14. 12108:. Atlanta, Georgia. August 25, 1964. p. 13. 11958:. Superior, Nebraska. March 27, 1958. p. 1. 11649:. Kokomo, Indiana. January 12, 1956. p. 45. 11582:"'Wings Over Jordan' Group Plans Mammoth Reunion" 10638:. Cleveland, Ohio. October 25, 1947. p. 2A. 10563: 10435:. Cleveland, Ohio. September 6, 1947. p. 1. 9952:"Rev. Settle Won't Talk About Rift At Gethsemane" 9764:"'Wings' To Award 1st Scholarship On January 7th" 9069:"News Flashes: Jordan Choir Thrills GIs In Italy" 8298:. Cleveland, Ohio. February 24, 1945. p. 1. 7673: 6548: 6216:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 14, 1941. p. 14. 6083: 6081: 5545:. Cleveland, Ohio. February 17, 1938. p. 7. 5496:. Cleveland, Ohio. December 29, 1938. pp. 8- 5466:. Cleveland, Ohio. February 24, 1938. p. 3. 5276:. Cleveland, Ohio. November 25, 1937. p. 2. 4057:. Detroit, Michigan. January 8, 1949. p. 2. 3293:1945: "I Couldn't Hear Nobody Pray" (V-Disc 397A) 2857:National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center 2567: 2234:in an outdoor ceremony on June 6, 1945, with the 1107:building by May 1941, with additional offices in 784:In addition to the choir's musical performances, 13910: 13707: 12799: 12661:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 12649:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 11742:. Sayre, Pennsylvania. May 14, 1957. p. 3. 11367:. Sidney, Nebraska. October 2, 1951. p. 5. 10979:. Sandusky, Ohio. February 19, 1949. p. 7. 10900:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 10888:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 10876:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 10372:. Cleveland, Ohio. August 30, 1947. p. 2A. 10298:"Evelyn Freeman Roberts Pays Visit To Cleveland" 9958:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 20, 1946. pp. 1A, 9839:. Cleveland, Ohio. August 30, 1947. p. 2B. 9770:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 4, 1947. p. 1A, 9703:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 27, 1946. pp. 1A, 9456:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 5, 1946. p. 9B. 9122: 8793:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 14, 1945. p. 10B. 7419: 6881:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 2 1948 6809:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 11, 1941. pp. 1– 6510:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 11, 1941. pp. 1– 6469:"Wings Over Jordan Hour Affected by Time Change" 6268: 6007:. Cleveland, Ohio. December 1, 1938. p. 1. 5977:. Cleveland, Ohio. December 8, 1938. p. 3. 5359: 5357: 5124:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 20, 1938. p. 1. 4889:In re Applications of G.A. Richards, Vol. 1 1948 4604:"Second Baytist Church Observes 2nd Anniversary" 3677:due to ownership, facility and callsign changes. 2730: 2545:CBS affiliate, they left the previous night for 2424: 2207:war correspondent Collins George to resemble "a 13708:Williams, Regennia N.; Brackens, Glenn (2017). 13361:"Kenneth Franklin Slaughter, 92, gospel singer" 12221:"Musical Tribute Will Be Paid to Choir Founder" 11039:. Cincinnati, Ohio. June 12, 1949. p. 47. 10919:. Cleveland, Ohio. August 13, 1949. p. 5. 10402:. Tucson, Arizona. August 27, 1947. p. 7. 10147:. Cleveland, Ohio. August 2, 1947. p. 6B. 10064:. Cleveland, Ohio. March 22, 1947. p. 5B. 9928:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 13, 1946. p. 1A. 9922:"'Secret' Meeting Called To Vote Pulpit Vacant" 9673:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 19, 1947. p. 5B. 9293:. Lazio, Italy. September 10, 1945. p. 5. 8265:. Cleveland, Ohio. March 10, 1945. p. 8B. 7343:. New York, New York. July 6, 1940. p. 4. 6714:"WGAR to Resume Broadcasts of 'Jordan' Program" 6491: 6210:"Wings Over Jordan Choir Ready For Summer Trip" 6153: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5154:. Cleveland, Ohio. October 7, 1937. p. 3. 5035: 5033: 5031: 4917: 4819: 4680: 4610:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 5, 1935. p. 5. 4568:. Cleveland, Ohio. January 6, 1938. p. 2. 4525:. Dayton, Ohio. September 11, 1938. p. 5. 4331:. Chillicothe, Ohio. June 26, 1947. p. 3. 4235: 4209:"Radio Show Chronicled Blacks' Harsh Realities" 3788:Christopher Columbus § Location of remains 2576:1949 publicity photo, taken after Glynn Settle 13114: 13056: 13054: 12102:"Negro Singers Show Up, Cancel Albany Concert" 12036: 12034: 11670: 11668: 11470: 11468: 11403: 11401: 11266: 11264: 11009:. Dayton, Ohio. September 4, 1949. p. 9. 10949:. Sandusky, Ohio. January 8, 1949. p. 7. 10722: 10720: 10689: 10687: 10237:"Fifth Year Is To Begin For Wings Over Jordan" 9582:"St. Louis Prepares For Gala Baptist Musicals" 9576: 9574: 9323:. Lazio, Italy. September 1, 1945. p. 6. 9033: 9031: 8897:. Cleveland, Ohio. June 2, 1945. p. 12B. 8715:"George Rates Soon to Tour Europe with Chorus" 8667: 8665: 8663: 8538: 8536: 8390:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 167. 8158:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 31, 1943. p. 3B. 7804: 7802: 7263: 7261: 7182:"Fifth Year Is To Begin For Wings Over Jordan" 7096: 7094: 6990: 6988: 6300:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 7, 1938. pp. 1, 6078: 5898:. Cleveland, Ohio. March 14, 1940. p. 1. 5892:"Mayor LaGuardia Welcomes "Wings Over Jordan"" 5829: 5827: 5825: 5770:"Jazzing Spirituals Brings Nationwide Protest" 5721:. Vol. XXXV, no. 24. June 10, 1940. 5179:"Kelly Miller Writes About: Wings Over Jordan" 4366:. Cleveland, Ohio. April 12, 1941. pp. 1- 4319: 4317: 4315: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 3710:North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement 3256:Wings Over Jordan: Favorite Spirituals of 1939 3013:A History of Broadcasting in the United States 2727:in 1947), on June 1 and moved to Los Angeles. 2167:". The choir's arrival also had family bonds: 1657:'s Facts and Figures department, May 30, 1942 1453: 1074:, and a remote broadcast originating from CBS- 1055:from all over the country by the end of 1938. 903: 12932:"NAACP announces annual Image Award nominees" 12808:"New station owner takes charge in a big way" 12317:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 4, 1957. p. 5-A. 11643:"Choir Concert Well Received Wednesday Night" 10004:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 4, 1946. p. 10A. 9898:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 3, 1947. p. 11A. 9492:"Fisk Choir To Broadcast For Wings O' Jordan" 6891: 6889: 6854:(January 15, 1941). "There Is a Foundation". 6720:. Cleveland, Ohio. June 30, 1938. p. 2. 6690:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 26, 1941. p. 2. 6660:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 17, 1941. p. 1. 6364:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 13, 1940. p. 1. 5686:. Dayton, Ohio. August 27, 1939. p. 29. 5614: 5612: 4248: 3569: 3567: 3545:, which identified as WGAR from 1930 to 1990. 1624:(FCC) until Kramer neared induction into the 13703:– via UNC Carolina Digital Repository. 13421:""Wings Over Jordan – My Soul Is A Witness"" 13120: 12192:"'Wings Over Jordan' Creator Buried In L.A." 11808:"ABC's Specialty LP's Ring Consistency Bell" 9522:"Oversea Troops To Hear Fisk Easter Program" 9362:"Fisk Choir Gets Jordan Spot For Four Weeks" 9075:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 12, 1945. p. 1. 8862:. Naples, Italy. April 30, 1945. p. 2. 8089:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 8, 1943. p. 3A. 7633:"OFF Directive Sent to All Stations, Chains" 7174: 7069:"Radio Dial Log: Elsa Maxwell On Allen Show" 6246:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 6, 1940. p. 5. 6125:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 24, 1941. p. 3. 6095:. Cleveland, Ohio. May 18, 1939. p. 2. 5709: 5707: 5705: 5460:"Original Cast Returns To Wings Over Jordan" 5334: 5028: 5012:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 8, 1937. p. 3. 4957: 4955: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 3591: 3589: 1776:Edwin B. Jourdain, Jr., November 8, 1942 1702:(VOA)—established by the OWI as a shortwave 1030:historically black colleges and universities 13689:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 13383: 13098:. Marion, Ohio. May 21, 1978. p. 15a. 13051: 12963:"'Thriller' video among cultural treasures" 12954: 12924: 12894: 12273: 12243: 12213: 12184: 12154: 12124: 12094: 12064: 12042:"'Missing' Negro Singers Push On With Tour" 12031: 12001: 11836: 11769:"Reviews and Ratings of New Popular Albums" 11728: 11698: 11665: 11635: 11604: 11540: 11510: 11465: 11435: 11398: 11353: 11323: 11293: 11261: 11231: 11128: 11025: 10995: 10965: 10935: 10717: 10684: 10594: 10491: 10388: 10320: 10229: 9869:. Cleveland, Ohio. July 6, 1946. p. 5A 9571: 9544: 9514: 9484: 9249: 9223: 9028: 8994:"Kenneth Slaughter & Wings Over Jordan" 8737: 8707: 8660: 8630: 8600: 8570: 8533: 8491: 8461: 8416: 8042: 8012: 7981: 7936: 7906: 7872:"Negro Choir's Ryman Recital Well Received" 7863: 7832: 7799: 7760: 7734: 7467:"Point of View: The war changed everything" 7459: 7329: 7291: 7258: 7204: 7091: 7018: 6985: 5822: 4741:"Doings of Society: Gethsemane Bapt Church" 4312: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4129: 2541:against Settle; refusing to perform at the 1632: 908: 542:of the same name has performed since 1988. 12162:"7 Choirs From Varied Faiths Hold Program" 11301:"Jordan Choir Pleases Many Listeners Here" 8383: 8323:"The Surprising Fear That Created the USO" 6886: 5928:. Akron, Ohio. June 2, 1940. p. 8-D. 5792: 5762: 5672: 5642: 5609: 5292: 5231: 5209:"Radio News And Programs-Around The Clock" 5201: 5170: 5083:"Famous Chorus To Sing Here Tuesday Night" 5075: 4852: 4461: 4325:""Firsts" No Novelty to Famed Negro Choir" 4259:. Cleveland, Ohio: E. W. Scripps Company. 3564: 1717:Researchers had studied how to counteract 1710:(AFRS), and the choir recorded two 78-rpm 11331:""Wings Over Jordan" Choir Here April 16" 11272:"Negro Choir To Sing Here Sunday, 3 p.m." 11066:"Wings To Air Life Of Cleveland Minister" 10841:Jackson, Russell A. (November 29, 1947). 10326: 9553:"Toki Types: About people here and there" 8578:"Wings Over Jordan Set For Overseas Tour" 8320: 7507: 7275:. Akron, Ohio. May 17, 1942. p. 50. 6358:"The First Lady of the Negro Film Colony" 5702: 4952: 4386: 4036: 3586: 3577: 3233:List of Wings Over Jordan Choir personnel 2495:, and was the club's first Black member. 957:leaders demanding that they refrain from 452:, the radio program was broadcast on the 13678: 12866:Johnson, Kevin C. (September 29, 1995). 12836: 12538: 12526: 11579: 11143:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 21. 10789: 10475:"'Wings Over Jordan' Dismissed by CBS". 10327:Williford, Stanley G. (April 17, 1983). 10265: 9131: 9046:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. pp. 1, 8919: 7996:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 23. 7682: 7642:. Vol. 54, no. 23. p. 6. 7630: 7440:. Vol. 54, no. 23. p. 6. 7428: 5835:"'Wings Over Jordan' Choir Here Tonight" 4801: 4171: 4119:"Obituary for Glynn T. Settle (Aged 72)" 3607:in that time slot, with no reference to 3382:1953: "Wings Over Jordan Choir Vol. 1" ( 3315:?" / "Take Me To The Water" (Queen 4141) 3132:"That which is worthy must be preserved" 3072:selected the May 10, 1942, broadcast of 2880: 2829: 2805:to search for the missing group, but an 2571: 2134:with the pretty girls. We were (called) 1925:—a nationally-renowned composer and the 1557:(NAB), which awards the Peabodys, cited 1527: 1444:. CBS selected the choir as part of its 1194: 912: 811: 734: 727: 654: 639:and was assigned to a Baptist church in 582: 13785:from the original on September 29, 2021 13714:The Journal of Traditions & Beliefs 13520: 13317: 13305: 13281: 13269: 13257: 13245: 13233: 13221: 12865: 12787:from the original on September 28, 2021 11824:from the original on September 24, 2021 11610: 10840: 10335:. Los Angeles, California. pp. 37– 9406:Settle, Glynn T. (September 19, 1945). 7869: 7847:. Los Angeles, California. p. 2B. 7838: 7766: 7299:""Wings Over Jordan" Waxes First Album" 7212:"To Broadcast Race Relations Honor Sun" 7162:from the original on September 26, 2021 6850: 6162: 6089:"'Wings Over Jordan' Now a Corporation" 6053: 5539:"Now Directs "Wings Over Jordan" Choir" 5237: 4206: 4051:"Wings Over Jordan Returns to Networks" 3217:African American Museum in Philadelphia 2639:" was the most popular and enduring. A 2191:were tasked with finding any remaining 1684:United States Office of War Information 1599:The choir signed a recording deal with 550: 267:Wayne Mack (all WGAR-produced episodes) 16:Former African-American spiritual choir 13911: 13728:from the original on December 13, 2021 13695:from the original on December 11, 2021 13666:from the original on December 13, 2021 13590: 13578:from the original on December 11, 2021 13543:from the original on December 11, 2021 13497:from the original on December 29, 2021 13465:from the original on December 29, 2021 13433:from the original on December 29, 2021 13401:from the original on December 28, 2021 13329: 13203:from the original on December 24, 2021 13173:from the original on September 6, 2021 13121:Breckenridge, Tom (October 17, 2000). 13102:from the original on September 2, 2021 13072:from the original on December 24, 2021 13039:from the original on September 2, 2021 13009:from the original on December 18, 2021 12960: 12882:from the original on September 7, 2021 12768: 12606:from the original on December 18, 2021 12593: 12562: 12381:from the original on December 24, 2021 12352:from the original on December 24, 2021 12321:from the original on December 24, 2021 12291:from the original on December 23, 2021 12261:from the original on December 24, 2021 12231:from the original on December 24, 2021 12201:from the original on September 2, 2021 12172:from the original on December 24, 2021 12142:from the original on December 24, 2021 12112:from the original on December 24, 2021 12082:from the original on December 24, 2021 12052:from the original on December 24, 2021 12019:from the original on December 24, 2021 11986:from the original on December 24, 2021 11962:from the original on December 24, 2021 11952:"Famed Negro Choir To Be Here April 1" 11938:from the original on December 24, 2021 11905:from the original on December 24, 2021 11854:from the original on December 24, 2021 11844:"'Wings Over Jordan' On ABC-Paramount" 11785:from the original on December 24, 2021 11746:from the original on December 24, 2021 11716:from the original on December 24, 2021 11686:from the original on December 24, 2021 11653:from the original on December 24, 2021 11623:from the original on December 24, 2021 11592:from the original on December 24, 2021 11486:from the original on December 27, 2021 11453:from the original on December 27, 2021 11423:from the original on December 27, 2021 11409:"Famed Choir To Take Tour Of Far East" 11371:from the original on December 24, 2021 11311:from the original on December 28, 2021 11281:from the original on September 2, 2021 11249:from the original on December 27, 2021 11147:from the original on December 28, 2021 11080:from the original on December 26, 2021 11043:from the original on December 26, 2021 11013:from the original on December 26, 2021 10983:from the original on December 26, 2021 10953:from the original on December 26, 2021 10923:from the original on December 26, 2021 10857:from the original on December 27, 2021 10822:from the original on December 28, 2021 10771:from the original on December 28, 2021 10738:from the original on December 28, 2021 10705:from the original on December 28, 2021 10672:from the original on December 27, 2021 10642:from the original on December 27, 2021 10612:from the original on December 27, 2021 10582:from the original on September 2, 2021 10569: 10539:from the original on December 27, 2021 10509:from the original on December 27, 2021 10439:from the original on December 27, 2021 10406:from the original on December 27, 2021 10376:from the original on December 27, 2021 10247:from the original on December 28, 2021 10151:from the original on December 27, 2021 10118:from the original on December 27, 2021 10102:Arnold, Clinton M. (August 30, 1947). 10101: 10068:from the original on December 27, 2021 10038:from the original on December 26, 2021 10008:from the original on December 26, 2021 9966:from the original on December 26, 2021 9932:from the original on December 26, 2021 9902:from the original on December 26, 2021 9843:from the original on December 27, 2021 9833:"Wings Over Jordan Now Has Two Busses" 9808:from the original on December 26, 2021 9778:from the original on December 26, 2021 9744:from the original on December 26, 2021 9711:from the original on December 26, 2021 9677:from the original on December 26, 2021 9559:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 10 9550: 9405: 9257:"Greets Mother in Italy... with Roses" 9110:from the original on December 18, 2021 9037: 9004:from the original on December 18, 2021 8991: 8856:"Famed Negro Choir To Visit PBS Units" 8030:from the original on December 21, 2021 7820:from the original on December 21, 2021 7775:. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. 19 7477:from the original on December 31, 2021 7347:from the original on December 29, 2021 7279:from the original on December 29, 2021 7222:from the original on December 30, 2021 7192:from the original on December 28, 2021 7112:from the original on December 30, 2021 7079:from the original on September 2, 2021 7066: 7036:from the original on December 30, 2021 7006:from the original on December 30, 2021 6817:from the original on December 29, 2021 6724:from the original on December 17, 2021 6694:from the original on December 15, 2021 6664:from the original on December 15, 2021 6592:from the original on December 15, 2021 6579: 6518:from the original on December 15, 2021 6479:from the original on December 15, 2021 6368:from the original on December 15, 2021 6338:from the original on December 15, 2021 6308:from the original on December 13, 2021 6250:from the original on December 14, 2021 6220:from the original on December 14, 2021 6175:from the original on November 26, 2010 6163:Collins, Timothy (November 26, 2010). 6129:from the original on December 14, 2021 6099:from the original on December 14, 2021 6066:from the original on December 14, 2021 6011:from the original on December 14, 2021 5981:from the original on December 14, 2021 5932:from the original on September 2, 2021 5902:from the original on December 14, 2021 5845:from the original on September 2, 2021 5733:from the original on September 6, 2021 5680:"Wings Over Jordan Choir Here Tuesday" 5549:from the original on December 10, 2021 5504:from the original on December 10, 2021 5470:from the original on December 10, 2021 5421:from the original on December 10, 2021 5363: 5280:from the original on December 10, 2021 5270:"'Wings Over Jordan' Goes Nation-Wide" 5246:. Chattanooga, Tennessee. p. 10. 5238:Everett, Thankful (November 6, 1937). 5176: 5051:from the original on September 2, 2021 4940:from the original on September 2, 2021 4930:"Chorus Will Give Concert At Delaware" 4840:from the original on September 2, 2021 4701:from the original on September 2, 2021 4529:from the original on September 2, 2021 4519:"Founder Of Choir Former Metallurgist" 4455: 4422:from the original on September 2, 2021 4374:from the original on December 17, 2021 4335:from the original on September 2, 2021 4300:from the original on September 2, 2021 4263:from the original on September 2, 2021 4223:from the original on September 2, 2021 3961:from the original on September 6, 2021 3456:The World's Greatest Spiritual Singers 3252: 2764:The World's Greatest Spiritual Singers 2620:single, "Until I Found The Lord" and " 2525:singers from fifteen states. Although 2498: 1881:Glenn T. Settle, February 28, 1943 1362: 444:Debuting over Cleveland radio station 13949:20th-century African-American singers 13835: 13639: 13623:from the original on December 9, 2021 13594:Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music 13555: 13371:from the original on January 18, 2022 13293: 13149: 12998:National Recording Preservation Board 12973:from the original on January 19, 2022 12750:from the original on November 4, 2021 12636: 12624: 12602:. Cleveland, Ohio: The Plain Dealer. 12575:from the original on January 18, 2022 12563:Howard, Sherry (September 13, 2013). 12550: 12514: 12502: 12490: 12478: 12466: 12454: 12442: 12430: 12400:Perry, Ellen M. (February 16, 1952). 12399: 12132:"On Sunday: Local church musical set" 12072:"Negro Singers Are Sought In Georgia" 11872: 11611:Stewart, John T. (January 14, 1950). 11504: 11392: 11341:from the original on December 6, 2021 11219:from the original on January 18, 2022 11183:from the original on October 22, 2021 11134: 11116:from the original on October 22, 2021 10632:"Wings Over Jordan In Tour of Mexico" 10578:. Newport News, Virginia. p. 6. 10557: 10457: 10343:from the original on January 12, 2022 10308:from the original on January 12, 2022 10278:from the original on January 12, 2022 10223: 10211: 10199: 10171:"Wings Over Jordan To Give Auditions" 9984: 9646: 9634: 9622: 9610: 9592:from the original on January 14, 2022 9532:from the original on January 11, 2022 9502:from the original on January 11, 2022 9478: 9460:from the original on January 14, 2022 9436: 9418:from the original on January 14, 2022 9393: 9372:from the original on January 14, 2022 9345: 9327:from the original on January 15, 2022 9297:from the original on January 14, 2022 9267:from the original on January 18, 2022 9211:from the original on January 14, 2022 9174: 9162: 9144:from the original on January 14, 2022 9134:"Genoa's Gold Urn Still Keeps Secret" 9079:from the original on January 14, 2022 9022: 8953: 8932:from the original on January 18, 2022 8901:from the original on January 18, 2022 8866:from the original on January 18, 2022 8842: 8827: 8815: 8797:from the original on January 18, 2022 8773: 8755:from the original on January 11, 2022 8725:from the original on January 11, 2022 8701: 8683:from the original on January 11, 2022 8648:from the original on January 11, 2022 8618:from the original on January 11, 2022 8588:from the original on January 11, 2022 8558:from the original on January 11, 2022 8527: 8509:from the original on January 11, 2022 8479:from the original on January 11, 2022 8455: 8434:from the original on January 11, 2022 8404:from the original on January 18, 2022 8365:from the original on January 11, 2022 8333:from the original on January 11, 2022 8302:from the original on January 18, 2022 8269:from the original on January 18, 2022 8242: 8230: 8183: 8114: 7975: 7900: 7793: 7728: 7667: 7618: 7606: 7594: 7582: 7570: 7558: 7546: 7534: 7522: 7495: 7413: 7365: 7323: 7252: 7240: 7145:The Columbia Program Book: March 1942 7130: 7054: 6979: 6964: 6946:from the original on November 8, 2021 6868: 6838: 6784: 6769: 6757: 6745: 6640:, pp. 53–55, 332, 340, 343, 350. 6637: 6625: 6613: 6536: 6452: 6437: 6422: 6410: 6398: 6386: 6280: 6193: 6147: 6041: 6029: 5957: 5875: 5863: 5810:from the original on December 5, 2021 5780:from the original on December 5, 2021 5756: 5603: 5585:from the original on November 8, 2021 5525: 5490:"Covering the News Headlines of 1938" 5443: 5397: 5376:from the original on December 5, 2021 5328: 5310:from the original on December 8, 2021 5250:from the original on December 8, 2021 5219:from the original on December 8, 2021 5158:from the original on December 6, 2021 5128:from the original on December 6, 2021 5093:from the original on December 5, 2021 5069: 5016:from the original on December 6, 2021 4979:from the original on November 8, 2021 4911: 4870:from the original on December 8, 2021 4813: 4786: 4774: 4751:from the original on December 6, 2021 4724: 4674: 4659: 4647: 4632: 4614:from the original on December 6, 2021 4590: 4572:from the original on December 6, 2021 4500: 4479:from the original on December 8, 2021 4440: 4418:. Cleveland, Ohio: The Plain Dealer. 4409: 4091: 4079: 4061:from the original on December 5, 2021 4030: 4018: 4000:from the original on November 8, 2021 3937: 3922: 3466: 3330:My Lord's Gonna Move This Wicked Race 2662:The radio program was revived on the 2657: 2230:reportedly containing the remains of 1440:were part of a series about American 13814:from the original on August 25, 2021 13756:from the original on August 24, 2021 13640:Price, Madalin Olivia Trigg (1995). 12942:from the original on January 6, 2022 12912:from the original on January 6, 2022 12818:from the original on August 15, 2021 12805: 12771:"Summertime Less Than Good Ol' Time" 12714:from the original on August 30, 2021 12684:from the original on August 30, 2021 12412:from the original on January 5, 2022 12339: 11558:from the original on January 5, 2022 11528:from the original on January 5, 2022 10329:"Young Saints Go Marching In—And Up" 10181:from the original on January 5, 2022 9231:""Wings Over Jordan" Given Citation" 9097: 8992:Howard, Sherry (September 4, 2012). 8966:from the original on January 8, 2022 8954:Meyer, Sgt. Robert (June 14, 1945). 8321:Blakemore, Erin (February 4, 2016). 8212:from the original on January 5, 2022 8162:from the original on January 5, 2022 8127:from the original on January 5, 2022 8093:from the original on January 5, 2022 8060:from the original on January 3, 2022 8000:from the original on January 2, 2022 7954:from the original on January 2, 2022 7924:from the original on January 2, 2022 7882:from the original on January 2, 2022 7878:. Nashville, Tennessee. p. 26. 7851:from the original on January 2, 2022 7767:Hopkins, Roy Leeland (May 9, 1942). 7649:from the original on January 2, 2022 7447:from the original on January 2, 2022 6910:. Variety. April 2, 1941. p. 27 6561:from the original on January 5, 2022 5690:from the original on January 3, 2022 5660:from the original on January 3, 2022 5630:from the original on January 3, 2022 5189:from the original on January 1, 2022 4963:"Cleveland Switch to Occur Sept. 26" 4148: 3721:in 1944 and increasing its power to 3541:– the originating radio station for 2736:Satellite choirs and reorganizations 2177:He'll Understand And Say "Well Done" 1937: 1555:National Association of Broadcasters 555: 13979:Mutual Broadcasting System programs 13736:– via EngagedScholarship@CSU. 13163:"Wings Over Jordan Choir is Formed" 13029:"New Appointments At Radio Station" 12594:Larkin, Brent (December 26, 2010). 12340:Fell, Naomi L. (October 16, 1971). 12311:"'Wings' Reunion Lures Many Guests" 11548:"Obituary for Mrs. Glynn T. Settle" 10806:"Reviews and Ratings of New Albums" 10695:"'Wings' Choir Now On Victor Label" 9321:The Stars and Stripes Mediterranean 9291:The Stars and Stripes Mediterranean 9138:The Stars and Stripes Mediterranean 9132:Fleisher, Sgt. Bob (June 8, 1945). 9040:"Routing Nazis: 92nd Unit In Genoa" 8960:The Stars and Stripes Mediterranean 8860:The Stars and Stripes Mediterranean 7987: 7379:"FCC Calls Hearing On WGKV Renewal" 6165:"How Rural Listeners Caught a Wave" 4207:Barnett, David C. (March 3, 2008). 3984:"Our Respects: Worth Hollis Kramer" 3786:also claims Columbus' remains. See 3340:He'll Understand And Say 'Well Done 2994: 2840:First Baptist Church of Los Angeles 2622:He'll Understand And Say 'Well Done 2239:contested during re-interment; the 2087:Mediterranean Theater of Operations 1811:, the first Black recipient of the 1662:The December 7, 1941, broadcast of 1028:, prompting them to broadcast from 989: ... the Worth Kramer Choir." 428:. The choir was part of the weekly 13: 13836:Rambo, Steve (December 31, 1988). 13740: 13652:University of Southern Mississippi 13551:– via TeachingCleveland.org. 13330:Felton, Chad (February 19, 2020). 12734:"50-kw WGAR going from CBS to NBC" 11619:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 9. 11277:. September 28, 1951. p. 12. 10570:Luther, Paul (December 17, 1947). 9412:The Stars and StripesMediterranean 8117:"5000 Hear "Wings" Choir in Texas" 7395:from the original on March 8, 2021 7386:Broadcasting-Broadcast Advertising 7075:. Brooklyn, New York. p. 18. 6937:Broadcasting-Broadcast Advertising 6858:. Cleveland, Ohio: Scripps-Howard. 6551:"The Talk of the Town: Theme Song" 5576:Broadcasting-Broadcast Advertising 5006:"Local choristers on radio Sunday" 4970:Broadcasting-Broadcast Advertising 3951:"Rev. Glenn Settle, Minister born" 3364:" / "Pray On" (RCA Victor 22-0006) 3338:1948: "Until I Found The Lord" / " 3286:1945: "The Old Ark's A'Moverin'" ( 3007:is not well-remembered; historian 2979:Supreme Court of the United States 2939:an acclaimed film of the same name 1638:Office of War Information alliance 1392:studios at the Hotel Statler. The 1383:(where it aired at 7:30 a.m. 1174:in 1942 to focus on her marriage. 14: 13990: 13954:American Christian radio programs 13882:Encyclopedia of Cleveland History 13867: 13648:Mass Communication and Journalism 12961:Vineys, Kevin S. (May 20, 2008). 12840:"WGAR-FM to move to Independence" 12769:Helton, Lon (November 21, 1986). 11580:Williams, June (April 13, 1957). 8787:""Wings" Embark On Goodwill Tour" 5364:Fenner, Chris (August 30, 2021). 5185:. New York, New York. p. 6. 4860:"Gethsemane Choir To Sing May 29" 4290:Encyclopedia of Cleveland History 3842:Federal Communications Commission 3620:Then under common ownership with 3246: 2748:June Williams, April 13, 1957 1678:. Future guest-speaker topics on 1622:Federal Communications Commission 1177: 967:All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name 441:, created to showcase the group. 13900:The Wings Over Jordan Collection 13828: 13822:– via World Radio History. 13793:– via World Radio History. 13764:– via World Radio History. 13586:– via FSU Digital Library. 13477: 13445: 13413: 13323: 13185: 13155: 13084: 13021: 12985: 12859: 12837:Lubinger, Bill (June 24, 1990). 12830: 12795:– via World Radio History. 12780:. No. 662. pp. 61–62. 12762: 12758:– via World Radio History. 12726: 12696: 12666: 12587: 12556: 12393: 12364: 12333: 12303: 12009:"Negro Singers Missing in Dixie" 11976:"Negro Choir to Sing in McCloud" 11917: 11913:– via World Radio History. 11832:– via World Radio History. 11793:– via World Radio History. 11227:– via World Radio History. 11195: 11191:– via World Radio History. 11159: 11124:– via World Radio History. 11092: 10905: 10849:. Cleveland, Ohio. pp. 1A, 10834: 10830:– via World Radio History. 10654: 10624: 10521: 10396:"'Wings Over Jordan' Not Coming" 10290: 10259: 10163: 10050: 10020: 9990: 9944: 9914: 9855: 9790: 9756: 9442: 9399: 9309: 9279: 9091: 9061: 8913: 8848: 8779: 8377: 8345: 8314: 7839:Kinloch, John (March 12, 1942). 7657:– via World Radio History. 7624: 7501: 7455:– via World Radio History. 7371: 7337:"WGAR Drops "WINGS Over Jordan"" 7170:– via World Radio History. 7136: 7067:Ranson, Jo (February 18, 1942). 7060: 6954:– via World Radio History. 6922: 6900: 6844: 6706: 6676: 6580:Walker, W. O. (April 12, 1941). 6573: 6542: 6350: 6320: 5841:. November 23, 1948. p. 1. 5593:– via World Radio History. 5047:. November 30, 1948. p. 5. 4987:– via World Radio History. 4410:Davis, Dave (October 18, 2012). 4329:Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune 4286:"Wings Over Jordan Choir (WOJC)" 4008:– via World Radio History. 3884: 3855: 3834: 3831:aired it on tape in the evening. 3793: 3764: 3751: 3731: 3680: 3663: 3403: 3032:in 1971, and began simulcasting 2826:Settle's death and choir decline 2756:The World's Greatest Negro Choir 2593:choir (originating on Atlanta's 1750:, ignored or downplayed Blacks. 1339:column noted that Black actress 992: 486:British Broadcasting Corporation 31: 13878:Case Western Reserve University 13513: 13092:"WMRN Added 2 Staffers In 1977" 12408:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 6A. 12348:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 7B. 11275:North Platte Telegraph-Bulletin 10274:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 7B. 10266:Williams, Bob (March 9, 1938). 10110:. Cleveland, Ohio. pp. 1A– 9551:Schalk, Toki (March 31, 1945). 9038:George, Collins (May 5, 1945). 8928:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 2B. 8123:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 5B. 8115:Clark, Conrad (March 6, 1943). 7870:Wiggers, Alvin (May 15, 1942). 7631:Ackerman, Paul (June 6, 1942). 7429:Ackerman, Paul (June 6, 1942). 6871:, pp. 34–35, 94, 194, 196. 6588:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 12. 6286: 6232: 6111: 6062:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 11. 6047: 5993: 5963: 5914: 5561: 5482: 5403: 5262: 5177:Miller, Kelly (June 25, 1938). 5140: 4894: 4596: 4294:Case Western Reserve University 4111: 4097: 3631: 3614: 2429: 1532:Front cover of CBS' March 1942 480:, it also had an international 13887:The Praying Grounds Interviews 13874:Wings Over Jordan Choir (WOJC) 13839:Wings Over Jordan, We Remember 13679:Williams, Mary Dobbin (2019). 13521:Harrell, Babette Reid (2019). 13260:, pp. 1, 23–24, 118, 180. 12806:Dyer, Bob (January 21, 1990). 12674:"Owner Of Radio Stations Dies" 12281:"Famed Choir Returns April 23" 12251:"Choir sponsors award banquet" 11588:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 2. 11135:Jonas, Paul (March 26, 1949). 9408:"Mail Call: Wings Over Jordan" 8920:Williams, Bob (May 19, 1945). 8554:. March 18, 1945. p. 8X. 8259:"Editorial: Cleveland Honored" 5650:""Wings Over Jordan" at Forum" 4936:. October 1, 1940. p. 3. 4934:The Marysville Evening Tribune 4149:Hill, Edward (April 1, 1990). 3943: 3863:Telecommunications Act of 1996 3686:In 1940, WGAR operated on the 3241: 3062:Wings Over Jordan: We Remember 2568:CBS cancellation and aftermath 2369:'s, noted for its ties to the 2283:European Theater of Operations 2245:said that his remains were in 2123: 1917:. Already a featured soloist, 337: 1: 13974:Musical groups from Cleveland 13959:American music radio programs 13934:1940s American radio programs 13924:1930s American radio programs 13211:– via NewspaperArchive. 13131:. Cleveland, Ohio. p. 9B 12704:"Insurance Firm Buys Station" 12420:– via NewspaperArchive. 12389:– via NewspaperArchive. 12360:– via NewspaperArchive. 12329:– via NewspaperArchive. 11600:– via NewspaperArchive. 11088:– via NewspaperArchive. 10931:– via NewspaperArchive. 10865:– via NewspaperArchive. 10779:– via NewspaperArchive. 10680:– via NewspaperArchive. 10650:– via NewspaperArchive. 10547:– via NewspaperArchive. 10447:– via NewspaperArchive. 10384:– via NewspaperArchive. 10316:– via NewspaperArchive. 10286:– via NewspaperArchive. 10189:– via NewspaperArchive. 10159:– via NewspaperArchive. 10126:– via NewspaperArchive. 10076:– via NewspaperArchive. 10046:– via NewspaperArchive. 10016:– via NewspaperArchive. 9974:– via NewspaperArchive. 9940:– via NewspaperArchive. 9910:– via NewspaperArchive. 9877:– via NewspaperArchive. 9851:– via NewspaperArchive. 9816:– via NewspaperArchive. 9786:– via NewspaperArchive. 9752:– via NewspaperArchive. 9719:– via NewspaperArchive. 9685:– via NewspaperArchive. 9468:– via NewspaperArchive. 9380:– via NewspaperArchive. 9335:– via NewspaperArchive. 9305:– via NewspaperArchive. 9219:– via NewspaperArchive. 9152:– via NewspaperArchive. 9100:"The 92nd 'Buffalo' Division" 9098:Cole, Steve (July 15, 2011). 9087:– via NewspaperArchive. 8974:– via NewspaperArchive. 8940:– via NewspaperArchive. 8909:– via NewspaperArchive. 8874:– via NewspaperArchive. 8805:– via NewspaperArchive. 8424:"Colored Revue Hailed by GIs" 8310:– via NewspaperArchive. 8277:– via NewspaperArchive. 8220:– via NewspaperArchive. 8170:– via NewspaperArchive. 8135:– via NewspaperArchive. 8101:– via NewspaperArchive. 7102:"Unnamed Negro on Honor Roll" 6825:– via NewspaperArchive. 6732:– via NewspaperArchive. 6702:– via NewspaperArchive. 6672:– via NewspaperArchive. 6600:– via NewspaperArchive. 6526:– via NewspaperArchive. 6487:– via NewspaperArchive. 6376:– via NewspaperArchive. 6316:– via NewspaperArchive. 6258:– via NewspaperArchive. 6228:– via NewspaperArchive. 6137:– via NewspaperArchive. 6107:– via NewspaperArchive. 6074:– via NewspaperArchive. 6054:Jessamy, Ken (June 8, 1939). 6019:– via NewspaperArchive. 5989:– via NewspaperArchive. 5910:– via NewspaperArchive. 5557:– via NewspaperArchive. 5512:– via NewspaperArchive. 5478:– via NewspaperArchive. 5288:– via NewspaperArchive. 5166:– via NewspaperArchive. 5136:– via NewspaperArchive. 5024:– via NewspaperArchive. 4759:– via NewspaperArchive. 4622:– via NewspaperArchive. 4580:– via NewspaperArchive. 4382:– via NewspaperArchive. 4094:, pp. 85–86, 90–91, 163. 3909: 3737:According to a July 6, 1940, 2973:while serving on the choir's 2782:, was also released in 1958. 2731:1955–1978: Later performances 2425:1946–1955: Postwar activities 1955:editorial, March 10, 1945 1612:to become general manager of 1000:became CBS's highest-profile 619:. The Settle family moved to 13939:1949 radio programme endings 13685:College of Arts and Sciences 13035:. July 11, 1946. p. 8. 11335:The Belleville News-Democrat 11137:"Interest Revived In Choirs" 9140:. Naples, Italy. p. 2. 8962:. Naples, Italy. p. 5. 7561:, pp. 142–143, 147–150. 6269:Williams & Brackens 2017 5411:"Famous Choir Here Tomorrow" 4125:. July 29, 1967. p. 16. 3445:World's Greatest Negro Choir 3362:Just A Closer Walk With Thee 3226: 3168:Cleveland home, but a photo 3147:to the human soul and body. 2393:, the Camp Meetin' Choir of 2181:Just A Closer Walk With Thee 2085:, the six-month tour of the 2075:death of President Roosevelt 1962:United Service Organizations 1927:Cleveland Institute of Music 1785:'s first duly-elected black 1542:George Foster Peabody Awards 1310:Phillis Wheatley Association 1248:, the first Black to win an 880:article, it referred to the 840:Columbia Broadcasting System 454:Columbia Broadcasting System 299:); CBS and Mutual affiliates 7: 13929:1937 radio programme debuts 13919:1935 establishments in Ohio 13591:McNeil, W. K., ed. (2013). 13409:– via Newspapers.com. 13248:, pp. 6, 92, 156, 180. 13110:– via Newspapers.com. 13080:– via Newspapers.com. 12981:– via Newspapers.com. 12950:– via Newspapers.com. 12920:– via Newspapers.com. 12890:– via Newspapers.com. 12874:. Akron, Ohio. pp. E1– 12826:– via Newspapers.com. 12814:. Akron, Ohio. p. H2. 12692:– via Newspapers.com. 12505:, pp. 33–34, 196, 246. 12493:, pp. 24–25, 194, 220. 12299:– via Newspapers.com. 12269:– via Newspapers.com. 12239:– via Newspapers.com. 12209:– via Newspapers.com. 12180:– via Newspapers.com. 12150:– via Newspapers.com. 12120:– via Newspapers.com. 12090:– via Newspapers.com. 12060:– via Newspapers.com. 12027:– via Newspapers.com. 11994:– via Newspapers.com. 11970:– via Newspapers.com. 11946:– via Newspapers.com. 11862:– via Newspapers.com. 11754:– via Newspapers.com. 11724:– via Newspapers.com. 11694:– via Newspapers.com. 11661:– via Newspapers.com. 11631:– via Newspapers.com. 11566:– via Newspapers.com. 11536:– via Newspapers.com. 11494:– via Newspapers.com. 11461:– via Newspapers.com. 11431:– via Newspapers.com. 11379:– via Newspapers.com. 11349:– via Newspapers.com. 11319:– via Newspapers.com. 11257:– via Newspapers.com. 11210:Radio Mirror and Television 11174:Radio Mirror and Television 11155:– via Newspapers.com. 11107:Radio Mirror and Television 11051:– via Newspapers.com. 11021:– via Newspapers.com. 11003:"Radio-Television Programs" 10991:– via Newspapers.com. 10961:– via Newspapers.com. 10746:– via Newspapers.com. 10713:– via Newspapers.com. 10620:– via Newspapers.com. 10590:– via Newspapers.com. 10517:– via Newspapers.com. 10414:– via Newspapers.com. 10351:– via Newspapers.com. 10255:– via Newspapers.com. 9600:– via Newspapers.com. 9567:– via Newspapers.com. 9540:– via Newspapers.com. 9510:– via Newspapers.com. 9414:. Lazio, Italy. p. 4. 9275:– via Newspapers.com. 9245:– via Newspapers.com. 9057:– via Newspapers.com. 8763:– via Newspapers.com. 8733:– via Newspapers.com. 8691:– via Newspapers.com. 8656:– via Newspapers.com. 8626:– via Newspapers.com. 8596:– via Newspapers.com. 8566:– via Newspapers.com. 8550:. Raleigh, North Carolina. 8517:– via Newspapers.com. 8487:– via Newspapers.com. 8442:– via Newspapers.com. 8384:Mullenbach, Cheryl (2013). 8068:– via Newspapers.com. 8038:– via Newspapers.com. 8008:– via Newspapers.com. 7988:Dee, Dee (August 8, 1942). 7962:– via Newspapers.com. 7932:– via Newspapers.com. 7890:– via Newspapers.com. 7859:– via Newspapers.com. 7828:– via Newspapers.com. 7783:– via Newspapers.com. 7756:– via Newspapers.com. 7485:– via Newspapers.com. 7355:– via Newspapers.com. 7313:– via Newspapers.com. 7287:– via Newspapers.com. 7230:– via Newspapers.com. 7200:– via Newspapers.com. 7120:– via Newspapers.com. 7087:– via Newspapers.com. 7044:– via Newspapers.com. 7014:– via Newspapers.com. 6628:, pp. 53–54, 326, 329. 5940:– via Newspapers.com. 5818:– via Newspapers.com. 5788:– via Newspapers.com. 5698:– via Newspapers.com. 5668:– via Newspapers.com. 5638:– via Newspapers.com. 5318:– via Newspapers.com. 5258:– via Newspapers.com. 5227:– via Newspapers.com. 5197:– via Newspapers.com. 5101:– via Newspapers.com. 4878:– via Newspapers.com. 4848:– via Newspapers.com. 4709:– via Newspapers.com. 4537:– via Newspapers.com. 4487:– via Newspapers.com. 4343:– via Newspapers.com. 4069:– via Newspapers.com. 3550:Music & the Spoken Word 3532: 3325:" / "Trampin'" (Queen 4154) 3078:National Recording Registry 2988:Brown v. Board of Education 2917:Blacks and were changed in 2672:United States Savings Bonds 2215:, American Negros, whites, 2152:, an all-black unit led by 1454:Acclaim, records and awards 1164:Cleveland Municipal Stadium 985:), advertised the show as " 904:1938–1942: Broad popularity 854:, the program featured the 521:in support of the American 10: 13995: 13891:Cleveland State University 13722:Cleveland State University 13599:Taylor & Francis Group 13308:, pp. 38–39, 122–123. 12993:"Recording Registry: 2017" 12902:"Southern California File" 11476:"Jordan Choir Tours Korea" 10333:Los Angeles Times Calendar 9625:, pp. 39–40, 297–300. 9613:, pp. 39–40, 295–296. 7683:Jourdain, Spencer (2019). 7030:The San Francisco Examiner 6896:FCC History Cards for WHKW 5715:"Radio: Wings Over Jordan" 4901:FCC History Cards for WHLO 4891:, pp. 6–7, 16–17, 29. 3900:Cuyahoga Community College 3869:-formatted WHKW (owned by 3639:Mutual Broadcasting System 3280: 3230: 2664:Mutual Broadcasting System 2457:Rockingham, North Carolina 1823: 1708:Armed Forces Radio Service 1447:Columbia School of the Air 882:African-American Christian 608:Reidsville, North Carolina 545: 458:Mutual Broadcasting System 456:from 1938 to 1947 and the 13556:McGee, Isaiah R. (2007). 13167:African American Registry 11243:The El Reno Daily Tribune 10503:San Angelo Standard-Times 8412:– via Google Books. 7814:Freeport Journal-Standard 6557:. Condé Nast. p. 7. 4691:"Wings Over Jordan Choir" 3955:African American Registry 3026:Nationwide Communications 2875: 2591:Atlanta-Morehouse-Spelman 2395:Charlotte, North Carolina 1618:Charleston, West Virginia 1509:. Alber, who had managed 1242:Palmer Memorial Institute 1091:Abyssinian Baptist Church 743:, where many episodes of 659:Gethsemane Baptist Church 382: 370: 359: 336: 311: 303: 288: 271: 263: 255: 235: 224: 216: 208: 200: 192: 182: 159: 155: 129: 104: 94: 84: 73: 59: 54: 30: 23: 13964:Columbia Records artists 13895:Cleveland Memory Project 13569:Florida State University 13365:The Philadelphia Tribune 12639:, pp. 110–113, 199. 12106:The Atlanta Constitution 11889:"Review Spotlight on..." 10878:, pp. 109, 382–383. 7585:, pp. 117, 121–122. 7273:The Akron Beacon Journal 7073:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle 6996:"Listening in With KSCJ" 5922:"Radio Choir Sings Here" 3991:Broadcasting-Telecasting 3557: 3323:Swing Low, Sweet Chariot 3076:for preservation in its 2935:In the Heat of the Night 2416:and the women on the SS 2389:, The Legend Singers of 2130:We didn’t (travel) like 1975:Barksdale Air Force Base 1633:1942–1946: The war years 1475:The New York City-based 1277:The Philadelphia Tribune 1230:Mound Bayou, Mississippi 909:Worth Kramer's direction 894:administrative assistant 587:Rev. Glenn Thomas Settle 503:Founded in Cleveland by 13236:, pp. 1, 5–6, 132. 13033:Bucyrus Telegraph-Forum 11037:The Cincinnati Enquirer 10241:The Cincinnati Enquirer 9287:""Wings" To Fly To Eto" 8612:St. Louis Post-Dispatch 8548:The News & Observer 7990:"Crescent City Society" 7914:"Directs 'Wings' Choir" 7186:The Cincinnati Enquirer 5366:"Wings Over Jordan bio" 4695:The Cincinnati Enquirer 3528:(Gospel Friend PN-1505) 2945:as a forerunner of the 2385:'s Choral Society from 2287:Special Service section 2277:The choir's five-month 2242:Encyclopædia Britannica 2236:370th Infantry Regiment 2189:473rd Infantry Regiment 2058:For security purposes ( 1567:New York Public Library 1434:Scituate, Massachusetts 1238:Charlotte Hawkins Brown 1205:Bethune–Cookman College 884:belief in crossing the 621:Uniontown, Pennsylvania 409:Wings Over Jordan Choir 259:Wings Over Jordan Choir 25:Wings Over Jordan Choir 12195:The Pittsburgh Courier 11848:The Pittsburgh Courier 11447:The Pittsburgh Courier 11141:The Pittsburgh Courier 10699:The Pittsburgh Courier 10606:Marshfield News-Herald 9586:The Pittsburgh Courier 9496:The Pittsburgh Courier 8677:The Pittsburgh Courier 7903:, pp. 77–78, 107. 7368:, pp. 25, 74, 77. 7151:. New York, New York: 6908:"WGAR (advertisement)" 5304:The Pittsburgh Courier 5087:The Charlotte Observer 4123:New Pittsburgh Courier 3516:Original Greatest Hits 3373:Sweet Little Jesus Boy 3357:" (RCA Victor 20-3242) 3351:Sweet Little Jesus Boy 3253:Kramer, Worth (1940). 3192: 3180:for the chorus and an 3149: 2889: 2843: 2745: 2633:Sweet Little Jesus Boy 2581: 2532:Evelyn Freeman Roberts 2511: 2269: 2150:92nd Infantry Division 2140: 1947: 1878: 1773: 1668:Attack on Pearl Harbor 1653:, director of the 1647: 1537: 1466:Louis B. Seltzer, 1463: 1211: 1187: 1099:nonprofit organization 1039: 1006:commercial sponsorship 977:, however, (including 933: 918: 842:(CBS). The success of 824: 748: 660: 588: 569: 517:) and toured with the 55:Background information 13674:– via ProQuest. 13395:The News and Observer 13391:"Speaking of Records" 13169:. September 8, 2009. 13139:– via NewsBank. 12906:The Los Angeles Times 12855:– via NewsBank. 12225:The Los Angeles Times 12136:Southwest Topics-Wave 11932:The Potter Enterprise 10977:The Sandusky Register 10947:The Sandusky Register 10732:The News and Observer 10728:"Speaking of Records" 10487:– via ProQuest. 7471:Lansing State Journal 4469:"Santa's Xmas Barrel" 4167:– via NewsBank. 3195:Helen Turner Thompson 3188: 3165:Ohio State University 3136: 3068:later that year. The 3011:'s anthology series, 2969:, was elected to the 2947:civil rights movement 2885: 2881:Historical appraisals 2853:Hartford, Connecticut 2842:until his 1967 death. 2833: 2740: 2575: 2503: 2448:New York Philharmonic 2440:Madison Square Garden 2300:public address system 2291:blackout restrictions 2265: 2128: 2011:Radio Reader's Digest 1971:Shreveport, Louisiana 1942: 1874: 1830:Alabama State College 1768: 1642: 1536:, featuring the choir 1534:Columbia Program Book 1531: 1519:Vilhjalmur Stefansson 1506:The Time of Your Life 1458: 1203:, with guest speaker 1198: 1182: 1035: 979:Shreveport, Louisiana 929: 916: 856:Robert Nathaniel Dett 816: 812:Going national on CBS 739:WGAR studio A at the 738: 658: 625:Moody Bible Institute 586: 560: 535:civil rights movement 424:founded and based in 13969:King Records artists 13530:College of Fine Arts 12872:Akron Beacon Journal 12812:Akron Beacon Journal 12285:The Hanford Sentinel 11956:The Superior Express 11617:St. Louis Star-Times 11522:The Evening Standard 11480:The Evening Standard 11365:The Sidney Telegraph 10890:, pp. 124, 382. 10477:Los Angeles Sentinel 9317:"For Amusement Only" 9025:, pp. 133, 306. 8642:Harrisburg Telegraph 8530:, pp. 129, 131. 7106:The Spokesman-Review 6332:historicsites.nc.gov 5926:Akron Beacon Journal 5654:Harrisburg Telegraph 5415:St. Petersburg Times 5244:The Chattanooga News 5213:The Lexington Herald 3743:story, WGAR dropped 3483:My Soul Is a Witness 3415:Columbia Masterworks 3043:Akron Beacon Journal 2971:United States Senate 2961:" became a defining 2820:First Baptist Church 2803:Georgia State Patrol 2772:Mineral Wells, Texas 2743:all to reminiscing. 2606:San Antonio Symphony 2507:Albany State College 2487:to an island in the 2232:Christopher Columbus 1672:declare war on Japan 1571:Schomburg Collection 1345:American Oil Company 1123:; at this time, the 1042:New York City mayor 971:The Old Rugged Cross 604:Central neighborhood 578:, April 12, 1941 551:1935–1938: Formation 137:Columbia Masterworks 13003:Library of Congress 12778:Radio & Records 12481:, pp. 193–195. 12433:, pp. 236–238. 10765:Amarillo Daily News 9481:, pp. 136–137. 9439:, pp. 133–134. 9165:, pp. 135–136. 8818:, pp. 132–133. 8473:New York Daily News 8458:, pp. 129–130. 8361:. Washington, D.C. 8358:Library of Congress 8245:, pp. 107–108. 7670:, pp. 123–124. 7609:, pp. 117–120. 7597:, pp. 377–378. 7549:, pp. 121–122. 7525:, pp. 351–353. 7510:Wall Street Journal 7133:, pp. 56, 363. 7057:, pp. 157–158. 6582:"Down the Big Road" 6283:, pp. 155–161. 4834:Tyrone Daily Herald 4055:The Detroit Tribune 4033:, pp. 374–377. 3776:Columbus Lighthouse 3761:article counted 20. 3525:Trying to Get Ready 3519:(King/Gusto K-5021) 3178:administrative body 3070:Library of Congress 3001:Golden Age of Radio 2849:Hollywood Palladium 2807:all-points bulletin 2668:Treasury Department 2499:August 1947 walkout 2413:Westminster Victory 2373:. Originating from 1579:Lawrence D. Reddick 1523:William Howard Taft 1363:International reach 1294:Mary McLeod Bethune 1266:, president of the 1146:giving the choir a 1144:Fiorello La Guardia 1044:Fiorello La Guardia 686:Central High School 511:Glynn Thomas Settle 396:Treasury Department 281:Worth Hollis Kramer 278:Glenn Thomas Settle 179: 13944:CBS Radio programs 13338:. Willoughby, Ohio 13066:Detroit Free Press 12936:North County Times 12529:, pp. 11, 29. 12469:, pp. 51, 66. 12255:The Southwest Wave 11875:, p. 227–228. 11647:The Kokomo Tribune 11413:The Morning Herald 10400:Arizona Daily Star 9557:Pittsburgh Courier 9261:Pittsburgh Courier 9235:Pittsburgh Courier 9044:Pittsburgh Courier 8719:Messenger-Inquirer 8050:"Cake Hr. For USO" 7994:Pittsburgh Courier 7948:Pittsburgh Courier 7918:Pittsburgh Courier 7773:Pittsburgh Courier 7769:"Toppin' The Town" 7746:Pittsburgh Courier 7303:Pittsburgh Courier 7000:Sioux City Journal 6455:, pp. 56, 58. 6044:, pp. 47, 69. 5624:Pittsburgh Courier 5045:The Daily Standard 4864:The Morning Herald 4473:The Morning Herald 3957:. April 16, 2020. 3940:, pp. 21, 82. 3896:Hough neighborhood 3784:Dominican Republic 3780:Santo Domingo Este 3688:regional frequency 3656:, and independent 3637:WGAR also carried 3467:Compilation albums 3432:(King LP-395-519) 3208:Zora Neale Hurston 3182:alumni association 2977:. Elevated to the 2844: 2795:Brunswick, Georgia 2658:New business model 2582: 2514:James Lewis Elkins 2399:Tuskegee Institute 2213:Japanese-Americans 2205:Pittsburgh Courier 2193:Nazi collaborators 2171:Carl Slaughter of 2118:commanding officer 2051:photographer. The 1915:United States Navy 1909:wartime rationing. 1848:Pittsburgh Courier 1843:Dillard University 1796:Pittsburgh Courier 1793:, launched by the 1783:Evanston, Illinois 1752:Archibald MacLeish 1714:for overseas use. 1651:Archibald MacLeish 1538: 1442:music appreciation 1306:George W. Woodruff 1264:Channing H. Tobias 1255:Gone with the Wind 1212: 1002:sustaining program 919: 827:Kelly Miller, 793:Harold Hitz Burton 749: 678:elevator operators 661: 589: 494:Armed Forces Radio 390:Sustaining program 177: 13608:978-0-415-94179-2 13534:Boston University 13320:, pp. 37–38. 12847:. Cleveland, Ohio 12708:Dayton Daily News 12678:Dayton Daily News 12457:, pp. 28–29. 12445:, pp. 19–20. 12342:"Nai's Potpourri" 12166:Los Angeles Times 11980:The Dunsmuir News 11740:The Evening Times 11552:The Daily Courier 11007:Dayton Daily News 10792:, pp. 40–41. 10460:, pp. 52–53. 10202:, pp. 56–57. 9987:, pp. 80–81. 9637:, pp. 40–41. 9177:, pp. 42–43. 9104:www.custermen.com 6967:, pp. 34–35. 6852:Seltzer, Louis B. 6196:, pp. 31–32. 6150:, pp. 45–47. 5960:, pp. 30–31. 5878:, pp. 53–54. 5839:Hinton Daily News 5774:The Weekly Review 5684:Dayton Daily News 5569:"Behind the Mike" 5528:, pp. 61–62. 5446:, pp. 26–27. 5370:Hymnology Archive 5331:, pp. 25–26. 5072:, pp. 66–67. 4914:, pp. 20–21. 4804:, pp. 14–15. 4635:, pp. 65–66. 4523:Dayton Daily News 4159:. Cleveland, Ohio 4082:, pp. 76–77. 3871:Salem Media Group 3846:Wings Over Jordan 3759:Stars and Stripes 3745:Wings Over Jordan 3708:in 1941 with the 3601:Wings Over Jordan 3543:Wings Over Jordan 3495:Wings Over Jordan 3411:Wings Over Jordan 3174:Wings Over Jordan 3122:Wings Over Jordan 3102:Sarasota, Florida 3074:Wings Over Jordan 3066:NAACP Image Award 3052:Wings Over Jordan 3030:Broadview Heights 3021:Wings Over Jordan 3017:Wings Over Jordan 3005:Wings Over Jordan 2975:board of trustees 2959:We Shall Overcome 2943:Wings Over Jordan 2937:, which inspired 2893:Bill "Hoss" Allen 2870:Frances P. Bolton 2677:Wings Over Jordan 2649:The Karaleers of 2641:call-and-response 2587:San Angelo, Texas 2477:Wings Over Jordan 2407:Wings Over Jordan 2355:Wings Over Jordan 2247:Seville Cathedral 2209:League of Nations 2143:Kenneth Slaughter 2104:Stars and Stripes 2064:submarine warfare 2037:Saks Fifth Avenue 1938:European USO tour 1919:Guthrie, Oklahoma 1817:anti-aircraft gun 1815:for operating an 1791:Double V campaign 1728:War of the Worlds 1704:counterpropaganda 1688:Wings Over Jordan 1686:(OWI) designated 1664:Wings Over Jordan 1610:Wings Over Jordan 1594:Wings Over Jordan 1589:Wings Over Jordan 1575:Wings Over Jordan 1573:added Settle and 1550:Wings Over Jordan 1477:artist management 1438:Wings Over Jordan 1377:Church of the Air 1373:Wings Over Jordan 1357:Wings Over Jordan 1333:Wings Over Jordan 1286:Charles H. Wesley 1260:Carter G. Woodson 1240:, founder of the 1060:Eleanor Roosevelt 998:Wings Over Jordan 987:Wings Over Jordan 869:Wings Over Jordan 852:Wings Over Jordan 820:Wings Over Jordan 745:Wings Over Jordan 592:Wings Over Jordan 556:Cleveland origins 462:Wings Over Jordan 438:Wings Over Jordan 405: 404: 325:December 25, 1949 231:, Cleveland, Ohio 209:Country of origin 178:Wings Over Jordan 172: 171: 167:list of personnel 49:at opposite ends. 13986: 13862: 13860: 13858: 13823: 13821: 13819: 13813: 13806: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13784: 13777: 13765: 13763: 13761: 13755: 13748: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13704: 13702: 13700: 13675: 13673: 13671: 13645: 13636: 13630: 13628: 13587: 13585: 13583: 13577: 13565:College of Music 13562: 13552: 13550: 13548: 13542: 13527: 13507: 13506: 13504: 13502: 13481: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13470: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13440: 13438: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13387: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13376: 13357: 13348: 13347: 13345: 13343: 13327: 13321: 13315: 13309: 13303: 13297: 13291: 13285: 13279: 13273: 13267: 13261: 13255: 13249: 13243: 13237: 13231: 13225: 13219: 13213: 13212: 13210: 13208: 13189: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13159: 13153: 13147: 13141: 13140: 13138: 13136: 13129:The Plain Dealer 13126: 13118: 13112: 13111: 13109: 13107: 13088: 13082: 13081: 13079: 13077: 13058: 13049: 13048: 13046: 13044: 13025: 13019: 13018: 13016: 13014: 13005:. May 14, 2008. 12989: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12978: 12958: 12952: 12951: 12949: 12947: 12928: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12898: 12892: 12891: 12889: 12887: 12863: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12845:The Plain Dealer 12842: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12825: 12823: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12792: 12786: 12775: 12766: 12760: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12749: 12738: 12730: 12724: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12700: 12694: 12693: 12691: 12689: 12670: 12664: 12658: 12652: 12646: 12640: 12634: 12628: 12622: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12611: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12560: 12554: 12548: 12542: 12536: 12530: 12524: 12518: 12512: 12506: 12500: 12494: 12488: 12482: 12476: 12470: 12464: 12458: 12452: 12446: 12440: 12434: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12388: 12386: 12368: 12362: 12361: 12359: 12357: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12326: 12307: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12296: 12277: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12266: 12247: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12217: 12211: 12210: 12208: 12206: 12188: 12182: 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9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9446: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9427: 9425: 9423: 9403: 9397: 9391: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9358: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9272: 9253: 9247: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9227: 9221: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9193: 9178: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9129: 9120: 9119: 9117: 9115: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9065: 9059: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9035: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9009: 8989: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8951: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8937: 8917: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8887: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8871: 8852: 8846: 8840: 8831: 8825: 8819: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8802: 8783: 8777: 8771: 8765: 8764: 8762: 8760: 8741: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8730: 8711: 8705: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8669: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8653: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8604: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8582:California Eagle 8574: 8568: 8567: 8565: 8563: 8540: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8503:The New York Age 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8465: 8459: 8453: 8444: 8443: 8441: 8439: 8428:Barksdale's Bark 8420: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8409: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8370: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8288: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8255: 8246: 8240: 8234: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8217: 8198: 8187: 8181: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8148: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8112: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8079: 8070: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8054:The News Tribune 8046: 8040: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7985: 7979: 7973: 7964: 7963: 7961: 7959: 7944:"Dillard Briefs" 7940: 7934: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7910: 7904: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7845:California Eagle 7836: 7830: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7806: 7797: 7791: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7764: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7713: 7711: 7680: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7654: 7648: 7637: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7562: 7556: 7550: 7544: 7538: 7532: 7526: 7520: 7514: 7513: 7505: 7499: 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6500: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6465: 6456: 6450: 6441: 6435: 6426: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6396: 6390: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6290: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6206: 6197: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6169:The Daily Yonder 6160: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6085: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6051: 6045: 6039: 6033: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6016: 5997: 5991: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5967: 5961: 5955: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5888: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5831: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5738: 5711: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5616: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5584: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 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May 25, 2018. 4282: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4246: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4204: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4157:The Plain Dealer 4154: 4146: 4127: 4126: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4047: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3999: 3988: 3980: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3903: 3888: 3882: 3859: 3853: 3838: 3832: 3797: 3791: 3768: 3762: 3755: 3749: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3684: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3635: 3629: 3628:in 1944 as WHKK. 3618: 3612: 3593: 3584: 3581: 3575: 3571: 3302:Old Ship Of Zion 3276: 3203:artistic license 3196: 3155: 2995:Nearly forgotten 2981:under President 2900: 2749: 2721:Evening Standard 2626: 2549:. Settle's son, 2515: 2403:Christmas carols 2397:, and Alabama's 2273: 2166: 2144: 2110:standing ovation 2039:, and obtaining 2006:Quentin Reynolds 1956: 1882: 1777: 1742: 1700:Voice of America 1658: 1601:Columbia Records 1493:Louis B. Seltzer 1471: 1325:disfranchisement 1282:W. E. B. Du Bois 1252:for her role in 1209:James A. Colston 1191: 1072:Washington, D.C. 1046: 937: 834: 706:Great Depression 594:originated as a 579: 490:Voice of America 484:audience on the 413:African-American 339: 332: 330: 322: 320: 312:Original release 289:Recording studio 180: 176: 162: 125: 123: 117: 115: 107: 62: 35: 21: 20: 13994: 13993: 13989: 13988: 13987: 13985: 13984: 13983: 13909: 13908: 13870: 13865: 13856: 13854: 13831: 13826: 13817: 13815: 13811: 13804: 13788: 13786: 13782: 13775: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13746: 13731: 13729: 13698: 13696: 13669: 13667: 13626: 13624: 13609: 13581: 13579: 13575: 13560: 13546: 13544: 13540: 13525: 13516: 13511: 13510: 13500: 13498: 13483: 13482: 13478: 13468: 13466: 13451: 13450: 13446: 13436: 13434: 13419: 13418: 13414: 13404: 13402: 13389: 13388: 13384: 13374: 13372: 13359: 13358: 13351: 13341: 13339: 13336:The News-Herald 13328: 13324: 13316: 13312: 13304: 13300: 13292: 13288: 13280: 13276: 13268: 13264: 13256: 13252: 13244: 13240: 13232: 13228: 13224:, pp. 5–6. 13220: 13216: 13206: 13204: 13191: 13190: 13186: 13176: 13174: 13161: 13160: 13156: 13148: 13144: 13134: 13132: 13119: 13115: 13105: 13103: 13096:The Marion Star 13090: 13089: 13085: 13075: 13073: 13060: 13059: 13052: 13042: 13040: 13027: 13026: 13022: 13012: 13010: 12991: 12990: 12986: 12976: 12974: 12959: 12955: 12945: 12943: 12930: 12929: 12925: 12915: 12913: 12900: 12899: 12895: 12885: 12883: 12864: 12860: 12850: 12848: 12835: 12831: 12821: 12819: 12804: 12800: 12790: 12788: 12784: 12773: 12767: 12763: 12753: 12751: 12747: 12736: 12732: 12731: 12727: 12717: 12715: 12702: 12701: 12697: 12687: 12685: 12672: 12671: 12667: 12659: 12655: 12647: 12643: 12635: 12631: 12623: 12619: 12609: 12607: 12592: 12588: 12578: 12576: 12561: 12557: 12549: 12545: 12537: 12533: 12525: 12521: 12513: 12509: 12501: 12497: 12489: 12485: 12477: 12473: 12465: 12461: 12453: 12449: 12441: 12437: 12429: 12425: 12415: 12413: 12398: 12394: 12384: 12382: 12370: 12369: 12365: 12355: 12353: 12338: 12334: 12324: 12322: 12309: 12308: 12304: 12294: 12292: 12279: 12278: 12274: 12264: 12262: 12249: 12248: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12219: 12218: 12214: 12204: 12202: 12190: 12189: 12185: 12175: 12173: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12145: 12143: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12115: 12113: 12100: 12099: 12095: 12085: 12083: 12070: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12053: 12040: 12039: 12032: 12022: 12020: 12007: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11989: 11987: 11974: 11965: 11963: 11950: 11941: 11939: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11908: 11906: 11902: 11891: 11887: 11886: 11879: 11871: 11867: 11857: 11855: 11842: 11841: 11837: 11827: 11825: 11821: 11810: 11806: 11805: 11798: 11788: 11786: 11782: 11771: 11767: 11766: 11759: 11749: 11747: 11734: 11733: 11729: 11719: 11717: 11704: 11703: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11674: 11673: 11666: 11656: 11654: 11641: 11640: 11636: 11626: 11624: 11609: 11605: 11595: 11593: 11578: 11571: 11561: 11559: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11531: 11529: 11516: 11515: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11487: 11474: 11473: 11466: 11456: 11454: 11441: 11440: 11436: 11426: 11424: 11407: 11406: 11399: 11391: 11384: 11374: 11372: 11359: 11358: 11354: 11344: 11342: 11329: 11328: 11324: 11314: 11312: 11299: 11298: 11294: 11284: 11282: 11270: 11269: 11262: 11252: 11250: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11222: 11220: 11216: 11205: 11201: 11200: 11196: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11169: 11165: 11164: 11160: 11150: 11148: 11133: 11129: 11119: 11117: 11113: 11102: 11098: 11097: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11064: 11063: 11056: 11046: 11044: 11031: 11030: 11026: 11016: 11014: 11001: 11000: 10996: 10986: 10984: 10971: 10970: 10966: 10956: 10954: 10941: 10940: 10936: 10926: 10924: 10911: 10910: 10906: 10898: 10894: 10886: 10882: 10874: 10870: 10860: 10858: 10839: 10835: 10825: 10823: 10819: 10808: 10804: 10803: 10796: 10788: 10784: 10774: 10772: 10761:"In The Groove" 10759: 10758: 10751: 10741: 10739: 10726: 10725: 10718: 10708: 10706: 10693: 10692: 10685: 10675: 10673: 10660: 10659: 10655: 10645: 10643: 10630: 10629: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10600: 10599: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10568: 10564: 10556: 10552: 10542: 10540: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10512: 10510: 10497: 10496: 10492: 10474: 10473: 10464: 10456: 10452: 10442: 10440: 10427: 10426: 10419: 10409: 10407: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10364: 10363: 10356: 10346: 10344: 10325: 10321: 10311: 10309: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10281: 10279: 10268:"Bobbing Along" 10264: 10260: 10250: 10248: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10222: 10218: 10210: 10206: 10198: 10194: 10184: 10182: 10169: 10168: 10164: 10154: 10152: 10139: 10138: 10131: 10121: 10119: 10100: 10081: 10071: 10069: 10056: 10055: 10051: 10041: 10039: 10026: 10025: 10021: 10011: 10009: 9996: 9995: 9991: 9983: 9979: 9969: 9967: 9950: 9949: 9945: 9935: 9933: 9920: 9919: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9890: 9889: 9882: 9872: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9846: 9844: 9831: 9830: 9821: 9811: 9809: 9796: 9795: 9791: 9781: 9779: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9732: 9731: 9724: 9714: 9712: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9665: 9664: 9653: 9645: 9641: 9633: 9629: 9621: 9617: 9609: 9605: 9595: 9593: 9580: 9579: 9572: 9562: 9560: 9549: 9545: 9535: 9533: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9490: 9489: 9485: 9477: 9473: 9463: 9461: 9448: 9447: 9443: 9435: 9431: 9421: 9419: 9404: 9400: 9392: 9385: 9375: 9373: 9360: 9359: 9352: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9285: 9284: 9280: 9270: 9268: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9240: 9238: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9214: 9212: 9195: 9194: 9181: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9147: 9145: 9130: 9123: 9113: 9111: 9096: 9092: 9082: 9080: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9052: 9050: 9036: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9007: 9005: 8990: 8979: 8969: 8967: 8952: 8945: 8935: 8933: 8922:"Bobbing Along" 8918: 8914: 8904: 8902: 8889: 8888: 8879: 8869: 8867: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8841: 8834: 8826: 8822: 8814: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8785: 8784: 8780: 8776:, pp. 130. 8772: 8768: 8758: 8756: 8749:Tampa Bay Times 8743: 8742: 8738: 8728: 8726: 8713: 8712: 8708: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8671: 8670: 8661: 8651: 8649: 8636: 8635: 8631: 8621: 8619: 8606: 8605: 8601: 8591: 8589: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8561: 8559: 8542: 8541: 8534: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8497: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8467: 8466: 8462: 8454: 8447: 8437: 8435: 8422: 8421: 8417: 8407: 8405: 8398: 8382: 8378: 8368: 8366: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8303: 8290: 8289: 8282: 8272: 8270: 8257: 8256: 8249: 8241: 8237: 8229: 8225: 8215: 8213: 8200: 8199: 8190: 8182: 8175: 8165: 8163: 8150: 8149: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8113: 8106: 8096: 8094: 8081: 8080: 8073: 8063: 8061: 8048: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8031: 8018: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7986: 7982: 7974: 7967: 7957: 7955: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7927: 7925: 7912: 7911: 7907: 7899: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7868: 7864: 7854: 7852: 7837: 7833: 7823: 7821: 7808: 7807: 7800: 7792: 7788: 7778: 7776: 7765: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7727: 7723: 7709: 7707: 7697: 7681: 7674: 7666: 7662: 7652: 7650: 7646: 7635: 7629: 7625: 7621:, pp. 7–8. 7617: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7593: 7589: 7581: 7577: 7569: 7565: 7557: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7533: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7506: 7502: 7494: 7490: 7480: 7478: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7448: 7444: 7433: 7427: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7381: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7364: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7267: 7266: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7239: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7210: 7209: 7205: 7195: 7193: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7137: 7129: 7125: 7115: 7113: 7100: 7099: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7039: 7037: 7024: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 6994: 6993: 6986: 6978: 6971: 6963: 6959: 6949: 6947: 6943: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6923: 6913: 6911: 6906: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6856:Cleveland Press 6849: 6845: 6837: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6801: 6800: 6791: 6783: 6776: 6768: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6744: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6712: 6711: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6667: 6665: 6652: 6651: 6644: 6636: 6632: 6624: 6620: 6612: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6578: 6574: 6564: 6562: 6547: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6521: 6519: 6502: 6501: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6467: 6466: 6459: 6451: 6444: 6436: 6429: 6421: 6417: 6409: 6405: 6397: 6393: 6385: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6326: 6325: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6292: 6291: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6271:, pp. 7–8. 6267: 6263: 6253: 6251: 6238: 6237: 6233: 6223: 6221: 6208: 6207: 6200: 6192: 6188: 6178: 6176: 6161: 6154: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6087: 6086: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6052: 6048: 6040: 6036: 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 5999: 5998: 5994: 5984: 5982: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5890: 5889: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5846: 5833: 5832: 5823: 5813: 5811: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5746: 5736: 5734: 5713: 5712: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5678: 5677: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5618: 5617: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5582: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5537: 5536: 5532: 5524: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5458: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5438: 5424: 5422: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5396: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5362: 5335: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5311: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5131: 5129: 5116: 5115: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5068: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5039: 5038: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5004: 5003: 4992: 4982: 4980: 4976: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4953: 4943: 4941: 4928: 4927: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4828: 4827: 4820: 4812: 4808: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4773: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4739: 4738: 4731: 4723: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4689: 4688: 4681: 4673: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4646: 4639: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4560: 4559: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4517: 4516: 4507: 4499: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4447: 4439: 4435: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4358: 4357: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4323: 4322: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4284: 4283: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4247: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4205: 4172: 4162: 4160: 4147: 4130: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4107:. May 11, 2018. 4103: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4074: 4064: 4062: 4049: 4048: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3986: 3982: 3981: 3974: 3964: 3962: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3936: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3889: 3885: 3860: 3856: 3839: 3835: 3798: 3794: 3769: 3765: 3756: 3752: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3712:(NARBA) and to 3704: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3681: 3668: 3664: 3645:affiliate WHK, 3636: 3632: 3619: 3615: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3535: 3469: 3406: 3283: 3249: 3244: 3235: 3229: 3198: 3194: 3157: 3151: 3134: 3046:profile of the 2997: 2983:Harry S. Truman 2927:Cleveland Press 2902: 2891: 2883: 2878: 2828: 2751: 2747: 2738: 2733: 2670:to promote its 2660: 2624: 2570: 2517: 2513: 2501: 2452:Artur Rodziński 2432: 2427: 2371:Jubilee Singers 2367:Fisk University 2275: 2271: 2164: 2146: 2142: 2126: 2031:, fittings for 1984:Kenneth Spencer 1958: 1949: 1940: 1923:Maurice Goldman 1884: 1880: 1826: 1779: 1775: 1740: 1660: 1649: 1640: 1635: 1501:William Saroyan 1497:Hotel Cleveland 1490:editor-in-chief 1486:Cleveland Press 1473: 1470:editor-in-chief 1468:Cleveland Press 1465: 1456: 1405:shortwave radio 1365: 1353:public interest 1298:John W. Bricker 1290:Langston Hughes 1272:Francis M. Wood 1246:Hattie McDaniel 1193: 1189: 1180: 1162:concert was at 1148:key to the city 1048: 1041: 995: 939: 935: 911: 906: 836: 833:, June 25, 1938 826: 814: 806:Oberlin College 790:Cleveland mayor 733: 617:Cherokee Nation 602:in Cleveland's 581: 571: 558: 553: 548: 426:Cleveland, Ohio 401: 355: 328: 326: 324: 318: 316: 284: 251: 242:CBS (1938–1947) 175: 160: 151: 121: 119: 113: 111: 105: 80:, United States 78:Cleveland, Ohio 60: 50: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13992: 13982: 13981: 13976: 13971: 13966: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13907: 13906: 13897: 13884: 13869: 13868:External links 13866: 13864: 13863: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13824: 13795: 13766: 13738: 13705: 13676: 13637: 13607: 13588: 13553: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13476: 13444: 13412: 13382: 13349: 13322: 13310: 13298: 13286: 13284:, p. 118. 13274: 13272:, p. 136. 13262: 13250: 13238: 13226: 13214: 13184: 13154: 13142: 13113: 13083: 13050: 13020: 12984: 12953: 12923: 12893: 12858: 12829: 12798: 12761: 12725: 12695: 12665: 12663:, p. 379. 12653: 12641: 12629: 12627:, p. 119. 12617: 12586: 12555: 12553:, p. 198. 12543: 12531: 12519: 12517:, p. 196. 12507: 12495: 12483: 12471: 12459: 12447: 12435: 12423: 12392: 12363: 12332: 12302: 12272: 12242: 12212: 12183: 12153: 12123: 12093: 12076:The Fresno Bee 12063: 12046:The Fresno Bee 12030: 12000: 11997: 11996: 11972: 11948: 11923: 11916: 11877: 11865: 11835: 11796: 11757: 11727: 11710:The Pantagraph 11697: 11664: 11634: 11603: 11569: 11539: 11509: 11497: 11464: 11434: 11397: 11382: 11352: 11322: 11292: 11260: 11230: 11203:"Inside Radio" 11194: 11167:"Inside Radio" 11158: 11127: 11100:"Inside Radio" 11091: 11054: 11024: 10994: 10964: 10934: 10904: 10902:, p. 383. 10892: 10880: 10868: 10833: 10794: 10782: 10749: 10716: 10683: 10653: 10623: 10593: 10572:"Inside Radio" 10562: 10560:, p. 311. 10550: 10520: 10490: 10462: 10450: 10417: 10387: 10354: 10319: 10289: 10258: 10228: 10216: 10204: 10192: 10162: 10129: 10079: 10049: 10019: 9989: 9977: 9943: 9913: 9880: 9854: 9819: 9789: 9755: 9722: 9688: 9651: 9649:, p. 137. 9639: 9627: 9615: 9603: 9570: 9543: 9513: 9483: 9471: 9441: 9429: 9398: 9396:, p. 136. 9383: 9350: 9348:, p. 297. 9338: 9308: 9278: 9248: 9222: 9179: 9167: 9155: 9121: 9090: 9060: 9027: 9015: 8977: 8943: 8912: 8877: 8847: 8845:, p. 133. 8832: 8830:, p. 132. 8820: 8808: 8778: 8766: 8736: 8706: 8704:, p. 128. 8694: 8659: 8629: 8599: 8569: 8532: 8520: 8490: 8460: 8445: 8415: 8397:978-1569768082 8396: 8376: 8344: 8313: 8280: 8247: 8235: 8223: 8188: 8173: 8138: 8104: 8071: 8041: 8024:The Pantagraph 8011: 7980: 7965: 7935: 7905: 7893: 7876:The Tennessean 7862: 7831: 7798: 7786: 7759: 7733: 7731:, p. 360. 7721: 7696:978-1946717047 7695: 7672: 7660: 7623: 7611: 7599: 7587: 7575: 7563: 7551: 7539: 7537:, p. 121. 7527: 7515: 7500: 7498:, p. 351. 7488: 7458: 7418: 7406: 7370: 7358: 7328: 7316: 7290: 7257: 7245: 7243:, p. 169. 7233: 7203: 7173: 7155:. March 1942. 7135: 7123: 7090: 7059: 7047: 7017: 6984: 6969: 6957: 6921: 6899: 6885: 6883:, p. 305. 6873: 6861: 6843: 6828: 6789: 6787:, p. 246. 6774: 6762: 6750: 6735: 6705: 6675: 6642: 6630: 6618: 6603: 6572: 6555:The New Yorker 6541: 6539:, p. 352. 6529: 6490: 6457: 6442: 6427: 6425:, p. 357. 6415: 6413:, p. 335. 6403: 6401:, p. 329. 6391: 6389:, p. 328. 6379: 6349: 6319: 6285: 6273: 6261: 6231: 6198: 6186: 6152: 6140: 6110: 6077: 6046: 6034: 6022: 5992: 5962: 5943: 5913: 5880: 5868: 5856: 5821: 5791: 5761: 5744: 5701: 5671: 5641: 5608: 5596: 5560: 5530: 5515: 5481: 5448: 5436: 5402: 5387: 5333: 5321: 5291: 5261: 5230: 5200: 5169: 5139: 5104: 5074: 5062: 5027: 4990: 4951: 4916: 4904: 4893: 4881: 4851: 4818: 4806: 4791: 4779: 4762: 4729: 4712: 4679: 4664: 4652: 4637: 4625: 4595: 4583: 4540: 4505: 4490: 4460: 4458:, p. 429. 4445: 4433: 4385: 4346: 4311: 4274: 4234: 4170: 4128: 4110: 4096: 4084: 4072: 4035: 4023: 4011: 3972: 3942: 3927: 3925:, p. 229. 3914: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3883: 3854: 3833: 3792: 3763: 3750: 3730: 3679: 3662: 3630: 3613: 3585: 3576: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3546: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3520: 3511: 3490: 3479: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3452: 3441: 3426: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3380: 3369:Rock A-My Soul 3365: 3358: 3347: 3336: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3316: 3313:Were You There 3309: 3294: 3291: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3248: 3247:Musical scores 3245: 3243: 3240: 3231:Main article: 3228: 3225: 3187: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3086:sister station 2996: 2993: 2955:Howard Thurman 2915:Reconstruction 2911:oral tradition 2906:race relations 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2827: 2824: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2725:extramaritally 2688:repertoire or 2659: 2656: 2569: 2566: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2444:Hollywood Bowl 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2264: 2221:Northern Italy 2173:Columbus, Ohio 2136:a foxhole unit 2127: 2125: 2122: 1997:Porgy and Bess 1966:social-service 1941: 1939: 1936: 1873: 1863:, Deep South, 1851:as an "almost 1825: 1822: 1767: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1364: 1361: 1181: 1179: 1178:Guest speakers 1176: 1034: 994: 991: 928: 910: 907: 905: 902: 844:The Negro Hour 815: 813: 810: 801:The Negro Hour 786:The Negro Hour 779:The Negro Hour 732: 730:The Negro Hour 726: 649:social justice 600:Baptist Church 598:at Gethsemane 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 498:Peabody Awards 460:through 1949. 450:The Negro Hour 403: 402: 400: 399: 393: 386: 384: 380: 379: 372: 368: 367: 361: 357: 356: 354: 353: 350: 347: 343: 341: 334: 333: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 290: 286: 285: 283: 282: 279: 275: 273: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 250: 249: 243: 239: 237: 233: 232: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 187:The Negro Hour 184: 173: 170: 169: 163: 157: 156: 153: 152: 150: 149: 144: 139: 133: 131: 127: 126: 108: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 86: 82: 81: 75: 71: 70: 63: 57: 56: 52: 51: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13991: 13980: 13977: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13916: 13914: 13905: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13829:Documentaries 13810: 13803: 13802: 13796: 13781: 13774: 13773: 13767: 13752: 13745: 13744: 13739: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13711: 13706: 13694: 13690: 13686: 13682: 13677: 13665: 13661: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13644: 13638: 13634: 13622: 13618: 13614: 13610: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13595: 13589: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13559: 13554: 13539: 13535: 13531: 13524: 13519: 13518: 13496: 13492: 13491: 13486: 13480: 13464: 13460: 13459: 13454: 13448: 13432: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13416: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13386: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13356: 13354: 13337: 13333: 13326: 13319: 13314: 13307: 13302: 13296:, p. 27. 13295: 13290: 13283: 13278: 13271: 13266: 13259: 13254: 13247: 13242: 13235: 13230: 13223: 13218: 13202: 13198: 13197:Call and Post 13194: 13188: 13172: 13168: 13164: 13158: 13151: 13146: 13130: 13125: 13117: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13071: 13067: 13063: 13057: 13055: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13024: 13008: 13004: 13000: 12999: 12994: 12988: 12972: 12968: 12964: 12957: 12941: 12937: 12933: 12927: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12897: 12881: 12877: 12873: 12869: 12862: 12846: 12841: 12833: 12817: 12813: 12809: 12802: 12783: 12779: 12772: 12765: 12746: 12742: 12735: 12729: 12713: 12709: 12705: 12699: 12683: 12679: 12675: 12669: 12662: 12657: 12650: 12645: 12638: 12633: 12626: 12621: 12605: 12601: 12600:cleveland.com 12597: 12590: 12574: 12570: 12569:Auction Finds 12566: 12559: 12552: 12547: 12541:, p. 11. 12540: 12539:Williams 2019 12535: 12528: 12527:Williams 2019 12523: 12516: 12511: 12504: 12499: 12492: 12487: 12480: 12475: 12468: 12463: 12456: 12451: 12444: 12439: 12432: 12427: 12411: 12407: 12406:Call and Post 12403: 12396: 12380: 12376: 12375:Call and Post 12373: 12367: 12351: 12347: 12346:Call and Post 12343: 12336: 12320: 12316: 12315:Call and Post 12312: 12306: 12290: 12286: 12282: 12276: 12260: 12256: 12252: 12246: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12216: 12200: 12196: 12193: 12187: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12157: 12141: 12137: 12133: 12127: 12111: 12107: 12103: 12097: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12067: 12051: 12047: 12043: 12037: 12035: 12018: 12014: 12010: 12004: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11937: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11924: 11920: 11901: 11897: 11890: 11884: 11882: 11874: 11869: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11839: 11820: 11816: 11809: 11803: 11801: 11781: 11777: 11770: 11764: 11762: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11731: 11715: 11711: 11707: 11701: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11671: 11669: 11652: 11648: 11644: 11638: 11622: 11618: 11614: 11607: 11591: 11587: 11586:Call and Post 11583: 11576: 11574: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11523: 11519: 11513: 11507:, p. 55. 11506: 11501: 11485: 11481: 11477: 11471: 11469: 11452: 11448: 11444: 11438: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11404: 11402: 11395:, p. 58. 11394: 11389: 11387: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11356: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11296: 11280: 11276: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11234: 11215: 11211: 11204: 11198: 11179: 11175: 11168: 11162: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11131: 11112: 11108: 11101: 11095: 11079: 11075: 11071: 11070:Call and Post 11067: 11061: 11059: 11042: 11038: 11034: 11028: 11012: 11008: 11004: 10998: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10968: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10938: 10922: 10918: 10917:Call and Post 10914: 10908: 10901: 10896: 10889: 10884: 10877: 10872: 10856: 10852: 10848: 10847:Call and Post 10844: 10837: 10818: 10814: 10807: 10801: 10799: 10791: 10790:Williams 2019 10786: 10770: 10766: 10762: 10756: 10754: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10721: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10690: 10688: 10671: 10667: 10666:Call and Post 10663: 10657: 10641: 10637: 10636:Call and Post 10633: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10603: 10597: 10581: 10577: 10573: 10566: 10559: 10554: 10538: 10534: 10533:Call and Post 10530: 10524: 10508: 10504: 10500: 10494: 10486: 10482: 10478: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10459: 10454: 10438: 10434: 10433:Call and Post 10430: 10424: 10422: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10391: 10375: 10371: 10370:Call and Post 10367: 10361: 10359: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10330: 10323: 10307: 10303: 10302:Call and Post 10299: 10293: 10277: 10273: 10272:Call and Post 10269: 10262: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10226:, p. 57. 10225: 10220: 10214:, p. 53. 10213: 10208: 10201: 10196: 10180: 10176: 10175:Call and Post 10172: 10166: 10150: 10146: 10145:Call and Post 10142: 10136: 10134: 10117: 10113: 10109: 10108:Call and Post 10105: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10084: 10067: 10063: 10062:Call and Post 10059: 10053: 10037: 10033: 10032:Call and Post 10029: 10023: 10007: 10003: 10002:Call and Post 9999: 9993: 9986: 9981: 9965: 9961: 9957: 9956:Call and Post 9953: 9947: 9931: 9927: 9926:Call and Post 9923: 9917: 9901: 9897: 9896:Call and Post 9893: 9887: 9885: 9868: 9867:Call and Post 9864: 9858: 9842: 9838: 9837:Call and Post 9834: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9807: 9803: 9802:Call and Post 9799: 9793: 9777: 9773: 9769: 9768:Call and Post 9765: 9759: 9743: 9739: 9738:Call and Post 9735: 9729: 9727: 9710: 9706: 9702: 9701:Call and Post 9698: 9692: 9676: 9672: 9671:Call and Post 9668: 9662: 9660: 9658: 9656: 9648: 9643: 9636: 9631: 9624: 9619: 9612: 9607: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9577: 9575: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9517: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9487: 9480: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9454:Call and Post 9451: 9445: 9438: 9433: 9417: 9413: 9409: 9402: 9395: 9390: 9388: 9371: 9367: 9366:Call and Post 9363: 9357: 9355: 9347: 9342: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9282: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9252: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9210: 9206: 9202: 9201:Call and Post 9198: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9176: 9171: 9164: 9159: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9128: 9126: 9109: 9105: 9101: 9094: 9078: 9074: 9073:Call and Post 9070: 9064: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9034: 9032: 9024: 9019: 9003: 8999: 8998:Auction Finds 8995: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8950: 8948: 8931: 8927: 8926:Call and Post 8923: 8916: 8900: 8896: 8895:Call and Post 8892: 8886: 8884: 8882: 8865: 8861: 8857: 8851: 8844: 8839: 8837: 8829: 8824: 8817: 8812: 8796: 8792: 8791:Call and Post 8788: 8782: 8775: 8770: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8740: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8710: 8703: 8698: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8633: 8617: 8613: 8609: 8603: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8573: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8529: 8524: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8464: 8457: 8452: 8450: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8403: 8399: 8393: 8389: 8388: 8380: 8364: 8360: 8359: 8354: 8348: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8301: 8297: 8296:Call and Post 8293: 8287: 8285: 8268: 8264: 8263:Call and Post 8260: 8254: 8252: 8244: 8239: 8233:, p. 38. 8232: 8227: 8211: 8207: 8206:Call and Post 8203: 8197: 8195: 8193: 8186:, p. 79. 8185: 8180: 8178: 8161: 8157: 8156:Call and Post 8153: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8126: 8122: 8121:Call and Post 8118: 8111: 8109: 8092: 8088: 8087:Call and Post 8084: 8078: 8076: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8029: 8025: 8021: 8015: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7984: 7978:, p. 77. 7977: 7972: 7970: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7909: 7902: 7897: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7866: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7835: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7796:, p. 62. 7795: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7763: 7747: 7743: 7737: 7730: 7725: 7717: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7688: 7687: 7679: 7677: 7669: 7664: 7645: 7641: 7634: 7627: 7620: 7615: 7608: 7603: 7596: 7591: 7584: 7579: 7572: 7567: 7560: 7555: 7548: 7543: 7536: 7531: 7524: 7519: 7512:, p. A13 7511: 7504: 7497: 7492: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7443: 7439: 7432: 7425: 7423: 7416:, p. 22. 7415: 7410: 7391: 7387: 7380: 7374: 7367: 7362: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7326:, p. 32. 7325: 7320: 7304: 7300: 7294: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7264: 7262: 7255:, p. 74. 7254: 7249: 7242: 7237: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7207: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7177: 7158: 7154: 7147: 7146: 7139: 7132: 7127: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7021: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6982:, p. 35. 6981: 6976: 6974: 6966: 6961: 6942: 6938: 6931: 6925: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6892: 6890: 6882: 6877: 6870: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6841:, p. 33. 6840: 6835: 6833: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6807:Call and Post 6804: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6786: 6781: 6779: 6772:, p. 54. 6771: 6766: 6760:, p. 43. 6759: 6754: 6748:, p. 56. 6747: 6742: 6740: 6723: 6719: 6718:Call and Post 6715: 6709: 6693: 6689: 6688:Call and Post 6685: 6679: 6663: 6659: 6658:Call and Post 6655: 6649: 6647: 6639: 6634: 6627: 6622: 6616:, p. 76. 6615: 6610: 6608: 6591: 6587: 6586:Call and Post 6583: 6576: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6508:Call and Post 6505: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6478: 6474: 6473:Call and Post 6470: 6464: 6462: 6454: 6449: 6447: 6440:, p. 94. 6439: 6434: 6432: 6424: 6419: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6395: 6388: 6383: 6367: 6363: 6362:Call and Post 6359: 6353: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6298:Call and Post 6295: 6289: 6282: 6277: 6270: 6265: 6249: 6245: 6244:Call and Post 6241: 6235: 6219: 6215: 6214:Call and Post 6211: 6205: 6203: 6195: 6190: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6159: 6157: 6149: 6144: 6128: 6124: 6123:Call and Post 6120: 6114: 6098: 6094: 6093:Call and Post 6090: 6084: 6082: 6065: 6061: 6060:Call and Post 6057: 6050: 6043: 6038: 6032:, p. 61. 6031: 6026: 6010: 6006: 6005:Call and Post 6002: 5996: 5980: 5976: 5975:Call and Post 5972: 5966: 5959: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5901: 5897: 5896:Call and Post 5893: 5887: 5885: 5877: 5872: 5866:, p. 30. 5865: 5860: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5765: 5759:, p. 24. 5758: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5606:, p. 61. 5605: 5600: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5564: 5548: 5544: 5543:Call and Post 5540: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5494:Call and Post 5491: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5464:Call and Post 5461: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5440: 5432: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5400:, p. 26. 5399: 5394: 5392: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5279: 5275: 5274:Call and Post 5271: 5265: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5173: 5157: 5153: 5152:Call and Post 5149: 5143: 5127: 5123: 5122:Call and Post 5119: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5071: 5066: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5015: 5011: 5010:Call and Post 5007: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4975: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4825: 4823: 4816:, p. 19. 4815: 4810: 4803: 4802:Williams 2019 4798: 4796: 4789:, p. 52. 4788: 4783: 4777:, p. 29. 4776: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4750: 4746: 4745:Call and Post 4742: 4736: 4734: 4727:, p. 21. 4726: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4677:, p. 60. 4676: 4671: 4669: 4662:, p. 51. 4661: 4656: 4650:, p. 20. 4649: 4644: 4642: 4634: 4629: 4613: 4609: 4608:Call and Post 4605: 4599: 4593:, p. 65. 4592: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4566:Call and Post 4563: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4503:, p. 64. 4502: 4497: 4495: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4457: 4452: 4450: 4443:, p. 63. 4442: 4437: 4421: 4417: 4416:cleveland.com 4413: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4364:Call and Post 4361: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4158: 4153: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4106: 4100: 4093: 4088: 4081: 4076: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4027: 4021:, p. 98. 4020: 4015: 3996: 3992: 3985: 3979: 3977: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3939: 3934: 3932: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892:urban renewal 3887: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3851: 3850:Southernaires 3847: 3843: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3711: 3689: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3606: 3605:Dixie Quartet 3602: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3563: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3527: 3526: 3521: 3518: 3517: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3478:(King LP-560) 3477: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3461: 3460:ABC-Paramount 3457: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3404:Studio albums 3398: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3239: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3048:country music 3045: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2841: 2837: 2834:Settle was a 2832: 2823: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2811:license plate 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2768:ABC-Paramount 2765: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2652: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2579: 2574: 2565: 2562: 2557: 2556:laid them off 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2510: 2508: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2462: 2461:paint thinner 2458: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:Mickey Rooney 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2272:Hattye Easley 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 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Settle's 698:enslavement 674:beauticians 647:advocating 637:Painesville 492:(VOA), and 488:(BBC), the 448:in 1937 as 392:(1938–1947) 340:of episodes 297:main studio 217:Language(s) 183:Other names 47:microphones 13913:Categories 13857:January 5, 13818:August 25, 13789:August 25, 13760:August 25, 13617:2005044994 13294:Price 1995 13150:Rambo 1988 12946:January 6, 12916:January 6, 12851:August 20, 12822:August 15, 12791:August 22, 12718:August 30, 12688:August 29, 12637:Price 1995 12625:Price 1995 12551:Price 1995 12515:Price 1995 12503:Price 1995 12491:Price 1995 12479:Price 1995 12467:McGee 2007 12455:Price 1995 12443:Price 1995 12431:Price 1995 12416:January 5, 11873:Price 1995 11562:January 5, 11532:January 4, 11505:McGee 2007 11393:McGee 2007 10558:Price 1995 10458:Price 1995 10224:McGee 2007 10212:Price 1995 10200:McGee 2007 10185:January 5, 9985:Price 1995 9647:Price 1995 9635:Price 1995 9623:Price 1995 9611:Price 1995 9536:January 8, 9506:January 8, 9479:Price 1995 9437:Price 1995 9394:Price 1995 9346:Price 1995 9175:Price 1995 9163:Price 1995 9023:Price 1995 8970:January 7, 8843:Price 1995 8828:Price 1995 8816:Price 1995 8774:Price 1995 8759:January 8, 8729:January 8, 8702:Price 1995 8687:January 8, 8652:January 8, 8622:January 8, 8592:January 8, 8562:January 8, 8528:Price 1995 8513:January 8, 8483:January 8, 8456:Price 1995 8438:January 8, 8408:January 8, 8369:January 8, 8337:January 8, 8243:Price 1995 8231:Price 1995 8216:January 5, 8184:Price 1995 8166:January 5, 8131:January 5, 8097:January 5, 8064:January 3, 8004:January 2, 7976:Price 1995 7958:January 2, 7928:January 2, 7901:Price 1995 7886:January 2, 7855:January 2, 7824:January 2, 7794:McGee 2007 7729:Price 1995 7705:2017043729 7668:Price 1995 7653:January 1, 7619:Price 1995 7607:Price 1995 7595:Price 1995 7583:Price 1995 7571:Price 1995 7559:Price 1995 7547:Price 1995 7535:Price 1995 7523:Price 1995 7496:Price 1995 7451:January 1, 7414:Price 1995 7366:Price 1995 7324:Price 1995 7253:Price 1995 7241:Price 1995 7131:Price 1995 7055:Price 1995 6980:Price 1995 6965:Price 1995 6869:Price 1995 6839:Price 1995 6785:Price 1995 6770:McGee 2007 6758:Price 1995 6746:McGee 2007 6638:Price 1995 6626:Price 1995 6614:Price 1995 6565:January 5, 6537:Price 1995 6453:Price 1995 6438:Price 1995 6423:Price 1995 6411:Price 1995 6399:Price 1995 6387:Price 1995 6281:Price 1995 6194:Price 1995 6148:Price 1995 6042:Price 1995 6030:Price 1995 5958:Price 1995 5876:McGee 2007 5864:Price 1995 5757:Price 1995 5694:January 3, 5664:January 3, 5634:January 3, 5604:McGee 2007 5526:McGee 2007 5444:Price 1995 5398:Price 1995 5329:Price 1995 5193:January 1, 5070:McGee 2007 4912:Price 1995 4814:Price 1995 4787:McGee 2007 4775:Price 1995 4725:Price 1995 4675:McGee 2007 4660:McGee 2007 4648:Price 1995 4633:McGee 2007 4591:McGee 2007 4501:McGee 2007 4441:McGee 2007 4092:Price 1995 4080:Price 1995 4031:Price 1995 4019:Price 1995 3938:Price 1995 3923:Price 1995 3910:References 3825:Cincinnati 3671:apocryphal 3574:disbanded. 3502:SBLP-246) 3344:RCA Victor 3298:Deep River 2967:Negro Hour 2952:theologian 2465:chain gang 2387:Greensboro 2338:cities of 2334:, and the 2296:six-by-six 2217:Brazilians 2070:West Point 1865:California 1813:Navy Cross 1805:home front 1674:and enter 1381:West Coast 1304:president 1207:president 1172:sabbatical 1137:press kits 1057:First Lady 1022:segregated 975:Deep South 955:swing band 898:Deep River 865:Negro Hour 848:prime time 718:redemption 694:spirituals 690:repertoire 682:a cappella 531:Korean War 523:war effort 470:Deep South 464:broke the 416:a cappella 349:509 on CBS 346:26 on WGAR 329:1949-12-25 319:1937-07-11 272:Created by 236:Syndicates 204:25 minutes 196:Spirituals 174:Radio show 147:RCA Victor 142:King/Queen 95:Instrument 89:Spirituals 67:Negro Hour 13660:304215552 11896:Billboard 11815:Billboard 11776:Billboard 10813:Billboard 10485:562075734 7640:Billboard 7438:Billboard 7399:August 1, 5804:The Times 5727:0040-781X 4705:August 2, 4217:NPR Music 3867:Christian 3790:for more. 3508:95-783819 3489:E 41 295) 3487:Electrola 3438:94-758062 3227:Personnel 3170:scrapbook 3141:tell them 2933:'s novel 2931:John Ball 2899:announcer 2690:pantomime 2685:communism 2543:San Diego 2489:Dan River 2450:director 2391:St. Louis 2375:Nashville 2348:Stuttgart 2344:Frankfurt 2322:towns of 2197:La Spezia 2041:passports 1907:, due to 1835:contralto 1757:Billboard 1730:broadcast 1626:U.S. Army 1503:'s play, 1314:telegraph 1302:Coca-Cola 1225:St. Louis 1109:Knoxville 1014:Tennessee 890:afterlife 861:Nashville 797:burlesque 768:of NBC's 766:affiliate 714:salvation 500:in 1941. 482:shortwave 430:religious 419:spiritual 264:Announcer 99:A capella 13852:28997150 13809:Archived 13780:Archived 13751:Archived 13726:Archived 13693:Archived 13664:Archived 13656:ProQuest 13621:Archived 13573:Archived 13538:Archived 13495:Archived 13463:Archived 13431:Archived 13399:Archived 13369:Archived 13201:Archived 13171:Archived 13100:Archived 13070:Archived 13037:Archived 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4420:Archived 4372:Archived 4333:Archived 4298:Archived 4261:Archived 4221:Archived 4059:Archived 3995:Archived 3959:Archived 3881:in 2014. 3805:Sandusky 3728:in 1947. 3658:daytimer 3533:See also 3451:LP-5163) 3379:WOJ 1-2) 3377:Sterling 3346:20-3128) 3273:25723873 3265:45053422 3084:(WGAR's 2991:ruling. 2919:minstrel 2799:Americus 2493:sailfish 2442:and the 2324:Brussels 2304:kerosene 2256:Sergeant 2132:Bob Hope 2079:Le Havre 2033:uniforms 2021:smallpox 1901:gasoline 1869:New York 1801:overseas 1787:alderman 1655:U.S. OWI 1481:contract 1329:lynching 1083:Newsweek 1064:luncheon 1053:fan mail 1010:Kentucky 877:Newsweek 666:laborers 529:and the 508:minister 474:scholars 435:series, 364:Monaural 256:Starring 13902:at the 13844:KCBS-TV 13490:Discogs 13458:Discogs 13426:Discogs 4213:NPR.org 3890:Due to 3774:in the 3647:NBC Red 3462:LP-338) 3417:M-499) 3386:EP-232) 3367:1949: " 3360:1948: " 3349:1948: " 3328:1946: " 3321:1946: " 3311:1946: " 3296:1946: " 3281:Singles 3221:WEWS-TV 3114:WMRN-FM 3094:WJRT-TV 3090:Detroit 3058:KCBS-TV 3034:WGAR-FM 2838:at the 2635:" and " 2539:walkout 2332:Antwerp 2320:Belgium 2260:Leghorn 2185:V-E Day 2179:" and " 1888:Houston 1861:Midwest 1839:soprano 1824:Changes 1712:V-Discs 1217:Chicago 1121:Atlanta 1066:at the 1018:Alabama 728:WGAR's 722:concert 645:sermons 633:foundry 546:History 525:during 505:Baptist 411:was an 327: ( 323: – 317: ( 220:English 120: ( 112: ( 41:" and " 13850: 13720:(11). 13658: 13615: 13605: 10483: 8394: 7703: 7693: 5725: 3817:Dayton 3599:lists 3522:2007: 3513:1978: 3506: 3492:1974: 3481:1961: 3472:1958: 3454:1960: 3443:1958: 3436: 3428:1956: 3421: 3409:1942: 3288:V-Disc 3271: 3263: 3118:Marion 2895:, 2876:Legacy 2815:Albany 2791:Tifton 2703:, the 2701:Hawaii 2618:78-rpm 2481:shrine 2361:" for 2336:German 2161:Easter 2083:Naples 2060:aerial 1413:Mexico 1409:Canada 1087:Harlem 969:" or " 963:jiving 753:ethnic 710:gospel 641:Elyria 398:(1949) 295:(WGAR 248:(1949) 246:Mutual 130:Labels 85:Genres 74:Origin 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1141:Mayor 1129:Wings 1097:as a 1076:owned 949:read 924:Wings 670:maids 631:in a 596:choir 433:radio 422:choir 366:sound 193:Genre 118:–1978 69:Choir 13859:2021 13848:OCLC 13820:2021 13791:2021 13762:2021 13734:2021 13701:2021 13672:2021 13629:2021 13613:LCCN 13603:ISBN 13584:2021 13549:2021 13503:2021 13471:2021 13439:2021 13407:2021 13377:2021 13344:2022 13209:2021 13179:2021 13137:2021 13108:2021 13078:2021 13045:2021 13015:2022 12979:2022 12948:2022 12918:2022 12888:2021 12853:2021 12824:2021 12793:2021 12756:2021 12720:2021 12690:2021 12612:2021 12581:2021 12418:2022 12387:2021 12358:2021 12327:2021 12297:2021 12267:2021 12237:2021 12207:2021 12178:2021 12148:2021 12118:2021 12088:2021 12058:2021 12025:2021 11992:2021 11968:2021 11944:2021 11911:2021 11860:2021 11830:2021 11791:2021 11752:2021 11722:2021 11692:2021 11659:2021 11629:2021 11598:2021 11564:2022 11534:2022 11492:2021 11459:2021 11429:2021 11377:2021 11347:2021 11317:2021 11287:2021 11255:2021 11225:2021 11189:2021 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