A cappella - Knowledge

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setting in the first century and a half of Christian churches (33–180 AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church, but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.

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music in early church worship is significant given the abundance of Hebrew Bible references and commands to worship God with harp, lyre and cymbal. After several hundred years of Tabernacle worship without references to instrumental music, King David (c. 1500 BC) introduced musical instruments into Temple worship reportedly because of a commandment from God, complete with who was to sing, who was to play, and what instruments were to be used.

1674: 2185: 1791: 1690: 1581: 1340: 815: 760:. The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as 1404:(BHS). Today the BHS has about 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States and Canada, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. The Barbershop Harmony Society provides a highly organized competition structure for a cappella quartets and choruses singing in the barbershop style. 1311:. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor 4527:

The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the Text Carefully Printed From the Most Correct Copies of the Present Authorized Version Including the Marginal Readings and Parallel Texts with a Commentary and Critical Notes With a Commentary and Critical Notes Designed As a Help to a Better

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In addition, from 2014 to 2019, female-identifying a cappella groups had the opportunity to send their strongest song tracks to the Women's A Cappella Association (WACA) for its annual best of women's a cappella album. WACA offered another medium for women's voices to receive recognition and released

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until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in English, includes choruses in most of the fifty United States as well as in Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the

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Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any

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began to take the place of a cappella forms. Sixteenth-century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by Palestrina, such as those written for the Sistine Chapel,

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Beatboxing is performed often by shaping the mouth, making pops and clicks as pseudo-drum sounds. A popular phrase that beat boxers use to begin their training is the phrase "boots and cats". As the beat boxer progresses in their training, they remove the vowels and continue on from there, emulating

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Each year, hundreds of collegiate a cappella groups submit their strongest songs in a competition to be on The Best of College A Cappella (BOCA), an album compilation of tracks from the best college a cappella groups around the world. The album is produced by Varsity Vocals –which also produces

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had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools ('music schools') with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level

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believe that such opposition is supported by the Christian scriptures and Church history. The scriptures typically referenced are Matthew 26:30; Acts 16:25; Romans 15:9; 1 Corinthians 14:15; Ephesians 5:19; Colossians 3:16; Hebrews 2:12, 13:15 and James 5:13, which show examples and exhortations for

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performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011, the production received four Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and

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Christians who believe in a cappella music today believe that in the Israelite worship assembly during Temple worship only the Priests of Levi sang, played, and offered animal sacrifices, whereas in the church era, all Christians are commanded to sing praises to God. They believe that if God wanted

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Many a cappella groups can be found in high schools and colleges. There are amateur Barbershop Harmony Society and professional groups that sing a cappella exclusively. Although a cappella is technically defined as singing without instrumental accompaniment, some groups use their voices to emulate

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in "Christianity". Dispensationalism emphasizes the differences between the old (Law of Moses) and the new (Jesus and the Apostles) covenants, emphasizing that the majority of the practices from the Law of Moses were replaced by the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles. The absence of instrumental

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South Asian a cappella features a fusion of music from the Indian subcontinent, which places it in the category of South Asian fusion music. A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English college groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was

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Modern Christians typically believe it is acceptable to play instruments or to attend weddings, funerals, banquets, etc., where instruments are heard playing religious music. The Church Fathers made no exceptions. Since the New Testament never condemns instruments themselves, much less in any of

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Written opposition to instruments in worship began near the turn of the 5th century. Modern opponents of instruments typically do not make the same assessment of instruments as these writers, who argued that God had allowed David the "evil" of using musical instruments in praise. While the Old

783:, born 20 BC. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptures, where Israel offered praise with instruments by God's own command The 1941:". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as 1419:

is smaller than its counterpart, but has an atmosphere of friendship and competition. With about 2,500 members in the United States and Canada, Harmony, Inc. uses the same rules in contest that the Barbershop Harmony Society uses. Harmony, Inc. is registered in Providence, Rhode Island.

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Since "a cappella" singing brought a new polyphony (more than one note at a time) with instrumental accompaniment, it is not surprising that Protestant reformers who opposed the instruments (such as Calvin and Zwingli) also opposed the polyphony. While Zwingli was destroying organs in

1929:(1936), the Night Owls of Vassar College (1942), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in the 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the 284:

musical styles. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony, coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists, led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, rarely, as a synonym for

858:, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like 1651:

The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director

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shops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to the

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says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found." This a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalm 150, which states,

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There is no reference to instrumental music in early church worship in the New Testament, or in the worship of churches for the first six centuries. Several reasons have been posited throughout church history for the absence of instrumental music in church worship.

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choirs. He wrote "The Princes of the Lost Tribe" and "Ancient Queen of Somawathee" for Menaka De Sahabandu and Bridget Helpe's choirs, respectively, based on historical incidents in ancient Sri Lanka. Voice Print is also a professional a cappella music group in

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A cappella has gained attention in the UK in recent years, with many groups forming at British universities by students seeking an alternative singing pursuit to traditional choral and chapel singing. This movement has been bolstered by organisations such as

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opposed the use of musical instruments in church worship until the mid-20th century. The Free Methodist Church allowed for local church decision on the use of either an organ or piano in the 1943 Conference before lifting the ban entirely in 1955. The

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of interpreting Christian scripture, believe that limiting praise to the unaccompanied chant of the early church is not commanded in scripture, and that churches in any age are free to offer their songs with or without musical instruments.

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note that some early songs were accompanied by string instruments, though Jewish and Early Christian music was largely a cappella; the use of instruments has subsequently increased within both of these religions as well as in Islam.

450:, were all done a cappella style. This was a near requirement for this type of piece, and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a 644:

Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Roman Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of

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were formed as a result of a schism with the Free Methodist Church, with the former retaining a cappella worship and the latter retaining the rule limiting the number of instruments in the church to the piano and organ.

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an album every year from 2014 to 2019, featuring female-identifying groups from across the United States. The Women's A Cappella Association hosted seven annual festivals in California before ending operations in 2019.

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included musical instruments, traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural

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Collegiate a cappella groups may also submit their tracks to Voices Only, a two-disc series released at the beginning of each school year. A Voices Only album has been released every year since 2005.

1082:. Arrangements of popular music for small a cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or 299:

A cappella could be as old as humanity itself; research suggests that singing and vocables may have been what early humans used to communicate before the invention of language. The earliest piece of

835:, helped popularize a cappella music in the United States by founding the Northwestern A Cappella Choir in 1906. The A Cappella Choir was "the first permanent organization of its kind in America." 764:

outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During

1232:'s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Perfect Harmony features the hit music of 2148: 2377:

The absence of instrumental music is rooted in various hermeneutic principles (ways of interpreting the Bible) which determine what is appropriate for worship. Among such principles are the

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Instrumental music in the worship or the Greek verb psallo philologically and historically examined together with a full discussion of kindred matters relating to music in Christian worship

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In 1945, the first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953, Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it did not change its name to

886:(Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting. 4250: 3313: 3253: 1415:

In 1959, a second women's barbershop organization started as a break off from Sweet Adelines due to ideological differences. Based on democratic principles which continue to this day,

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between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as

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Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the

798:. The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service. However, silver 2151:(ASA), a non-profit organization formed in 2016. The competitive circuit consists of qualifier "bid" competitions all over the United States, as well as the national championship, 2275:

and Undivided emulate Latin rhythms a cappella. In the 1960s, the Swingle Singers used their voices to emulate musical instruments to Baroque and Classical music. Vocal artist

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is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in

1070:. There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. Examples of such groups are 683:

The folk here are civil, and, like the barbarians unto the holy apostle, have shown me much kindness; and there are a sort of chosen people in the land, for they have some

384:). The early a cappella polyphonies were sometimes doubled with other instruments, which were often wind or string instruments, or organs. By the 16th century, a cappella 2357: 1847:(formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group. The longest continuously singing group is probably 1780: 4667: 2352: 1776: 303:

is thought to have originated from times as early as 2000 BC, while the earliest that has survived in its entirety is from the first century AD: a piece from

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instruments; others are more traditional and focus on harmonizing. A cappella styles range from gospel music to contemporary to barbershop quartets and choruses.

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is often performed a cappella. The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements.

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and Brody McDonald). These programs teach about different aspects of a cappella music, including vocal performance, arranging, and beatboxing/vocal percussion.

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Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. In December 2016,

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included the song "Norman Normal". All the sounds on that song, both vocals and instruments, were created by Paul's voice, with no actual instruments used.

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style, which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week, such as Christ's suffering and

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The Sweet Nothings are one of the University of Exeter's eight a cappella groups. They are one of the oldest and most successful girl groups in the UK

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are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. Frank Zappa loved doo wop and a cappella, so Zappa released

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instrumental music in New Testament worship, He would have commanded not just singing, but singing and playing like he did in the Hebrew scriptures.

2056:. The show featured eight a cappella groups from the United States and Puerto Rico vying for the prize of $ 100,000 and a recording contract with 4618: 2093: 1219:

award as Best Musical and a Drama Desk nomination for Best Lyrics. It was directed by Glenn Casale with original music and lyrics by Ben Schatz.

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when upon his death many choral pieces were discovered, one of which was in the unaccompanied style. Learning from the preceding two composers,

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Since 2013, summer training programs have appeared, such as A Cappella Academy in Los Angeles, California (founded by Ben Bram, Rob Dietz, and

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these settings, it is believed that "the church Fathers go beyond the New Testament in pronouncing a negative judgment on musical instruments."

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Ferguson, Everett (2004). "Instrumental Music". In Foster, Douglas A.; Blowers, Paul M.; Dunnavant, Anthony L.; Williams, D. Newell (eds.).

3139: 999:". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as 629: 496: 2399:

Rather than calling the use of instruments "evil", modern opposition typically uses terms like "unspiritual" or an Old Testament "shadow".

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as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include

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The European a cappella tradition is especially strong in the countries around the Baltic and perhaps most so in Sweden as described by

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or put onto vinyl records for DJs, or released to the public so that fans can remix them. One such example is the a cappella release of

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currently holds the record for most All-American Awaaz championships, winning three consecutive championships in 2022, 2023, and 2024.

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van Camp, Leonard (1965). "The Formation of A Cappella Choirs at Northwestern University, St. Olaf College, and Westminster College".

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to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include

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In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their

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A cappella music was popularized between the late 2000s and the early to mid-2010s with media hits such as the 2009–2014 TV show

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of Christian (predominantly Catholic) a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the 9th century AD with the practice of

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Testament teaches that God specifically asked for musical instruments, modern concern is for worship based on the New Testament.

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Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include many

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whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumentation was done vocally. More recently, "

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and mouth, often pitched using specialised pitch pipes. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were

4218:"Petra Haden The Former that dog. Member Discusses Joining The Decemberists and her A capella Version of The Who Sell Out" 1228:, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the national championship, made its Off Broadway debut at 438:

were Easter pieces, and of these the latter three, which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints, those of

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Old Light on New Worship: Musical Instruments and The Worship of God, A Theological, Historical, and Psychological Study

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The popularity of a cappella among high schools and amateurs was revived by television shows and movies such as

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and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including

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were intended to be accompanied by an organ "doubling" some or all of the voices. Such is seen in the life of

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with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily

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a "bts n cts n" sound, a solid base for beginner beat boxers. The phrase has become popular enough to where

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Switzerland – Luther called him a fanatic – the Church of England was burning books of polyphony.

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had a best-seller with "Comin' In on a Wing and a Prayer". In the 1950s, several recording groups, notably

902: 863: 4217: 2458: 2257:. Another famous example of emulating instrumentation instead of singing the words is the theme song for 2202: 1808: 1711: 1598: 1436: 1357: 935: 859: 739: 599: 540: 20: 4707: 4592:"FringeNYC 2006 Roundup 3: Reports on Perfect Harmony, t.l.c., The Infliction of Cruelty, and Don't Ask" 2298:, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized by the 5658: 5039: 4222: 3066: 2852: 2487: 2342: 2246: 2129: 1957: 1401: 1043: 924:(CASA) is a membership option for former students, whose funds support hosted competitions and events. 898: 5259: 2294:

to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments.

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rose to prominence with his style of a cappella music. He is best known for his a cappella covers of

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is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from

487:(choral concertos) made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces, such as the treatise, 368:, reaching its height between the 14th and 16th centuries with compositions by composers in the 4640: 2141: 2133: 1644:

Swedish a cappella choirs have over the last 25 years won around 25% of the annual prestigious

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The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher

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musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the

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has no official anthem because of views by the Taliban of music as un-Islamic. However, the

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with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and

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utilized the a cappella style in numerous pieces, chief among these were the pieces in the

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Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were

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is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the

5344: 5237: 5204: 5196: 4939: 4684: 3991:"Penn Masala Concert Combines Music, Charity, and Culture | Arts | The Harvard Crimson" 3911: 3235: 2264: 2242: 2073: 2016: 1880: 1872: 1860: 984: 867: 576: 532: 411: 260: 56: 4886: 4302: 3130:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. 2017. pp. 477–481 423: 5457: 5244: 5221: 5208: 5165: 5146: 5127: 5108: 5089: 5065: 5010: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4854: 4835: 4818: 4747: 4692: 4576: 4557: 4540: 4487: 4467: 4448: 3915: 3361: 3227: 3166: 2687: 2527: 2517: 2089: 2081: 1973: 1868: 1551: 1523: 1161: 1079: 1063: 968: 726: 598:

services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic

572: 568: 377: 336: 271: 4691:. Vol. I: A–Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5715: 5653: 5620: 5525: 5398: 5354: 5339: 5299: 5188: 3940: 3907: 3903: 3351: 3219: 3158: 2323: 1996: 1934: 1904: 1848: 1526:, which was able to perform on national television despite a ban on women singing. 1430: 1392: 1329: 1200: 1035: 890: 843: 492: 381: 373: 340: 308: 235: 181: 123: 95: 3682:

Baily, John (1999). "Afghanistan | Music and the State". In Arnold, Alison (ed.).

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which opened on 28 January 1994, and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by

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into an instrumentally accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. The

332: 278: 175: 37: 4387:. Lortel Archives-The Internet Off-Broadway Database. Lortel.org. Archived from 4325:. Lortel Archives-The Internet Off-Broadway Database. Lortel.org. Archived from 3699: 3668: 3638:"Pentatonix Talks Holiday Album, Touring Goals and Teaching A Cappella to Teens" 1184:(theatres in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was 495:. Divine Liturgies and Western Rite Masses composed by famous composers such as 105: 5643: 5615: 5605: 5349: 5081: 5028: 4272: 2382: 2276: 2272: 2069: 1992: 1961: 1843:

It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of

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organization encompasses more than 1,200 registered quartets and 600 choruses.

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In Transit, Broadway's first a cappella musical, officially opens December 11

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for all groups. In December 2009, a new television competition series called

1952:. Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including 1926: 1257: 1233: 1157: 980: 964: 824: 650: 344: 263: 3616:"Barbershop is universal; here are the contacts for our official affiliates" 3593:. Tennessee Department of Economic & Community Development. 13 July 2015 2930: 1514:, as musical instruments are virtually banned as corrupting and un-Islamic. 690:, and are called meeting-houses, where the minister preaches without a gown. 5625: 5590: 5585: 5482: 5376: 5371: 5024: 4796: 2253:

was sung a cappella to the instrumentation on the comedy television series

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Schluntz, Roger L. (1982). "Design Competitions: For Whose Benefit Now?".

3079:"Silver Trumpets Pierce the Heavens in Prayer Rally Opposite Temple Mount" 2080:. The show returned for a second, third, fourth, and fifth season, won by 418:(A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610, and 5689: 5679: 5610: 5550: 5540: 5361: 5044: 4765: 4522: 4479: 4428: 3279:"The Persuasions: Frank Zappa's Pitch Perfect Gift to a Cappella Harmony" 3185: 2318: 2250: 2238: 2137: 2125: 2105: 2000: 1953: 1876: 1856: 1448: 1245: 1237: 1176:

A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of

1112: 1075: 1024: 662: 658: 622: 614: 603: 595: 300: 5267:, Peter Christian Lutkin Papers, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, 2633: 1463: 5648: 5560: 5535: 5452: 5403: 5381: 5200: 4822: 4751: 4658:"How Smooth Got His McGroove – The Introverted Acapella YouTube Artist" 4544: 4471: 3725: 3239: 2295: 2291: 2209: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2085: 2061: 1949: 1938: 1930: 1815: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1605: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1444: 1364: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1286: 1241: 1146: 1055: 1047: 1039: 1016: 960: 795: 618: 528: 483:

which started appearing in the late 17th century, in what was known as

451: 287: 281: 4017:"Maize Mirchi is first South Asian group to go to ICCA internationals" 3891: 2144:

became the first South Asian group to advance to ICCA finals in 2023.

259:

in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without

5595: 5570: 5487: 5472: 4872:. Vol. VI: Me-Nev. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers Publishers. 3657:"Two regimes later, God still great for Afghans: New national anthem" 3356: 2065: 1673: 1662: 1564: 1555: 1212: 1156:

in 2015, an a cappella version of Jerusalem by multi-instrumentalist

1083: 1034:

Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add

1012: 610: 609:) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times. Many 584: 477:

Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord. Praise ye the Lord.

385: 361: 274: 5192: 3223: 2184: 1790: 1689: 1580: 1339: 1093:

that originally included instrumentation. These vocal tracks may be

967:, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The 319:

A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially

5555: 5467: 5391: 5286: 4870:

Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature

4343: 3539: 2104:

the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella – and

1680:, the oldest a cappella group at the University of Oxford in the UK 1539: 427: 324: 61: 4154: 3726:"Strepsils Stereo brings A Capella to Pakistan for the first time" 2147:

The South Asian a cappella competitive circuit is governed by the

814: 5580: 5545: 5497: 5386: 5366: 5105:

The Barbershop Singer: Inside the Social World of a Musical Hobby

3440: 2321:

used an eight-track recorder to produce an a cappella version of

2303: 2299: 1511: 1193: 1150: 894: 799: 761: 389: 365: 328: 4539:. The Way of Life Series. Abilene, TX: Biblical Research Press. 4062: 3892:"Recordings, Technology, and Discourse in Collegiate A Cappella" 2935: 2933: 1196:

as the plot revolved around doo-wop group singers of the 1960s.

1089:

A cappella can also describe the isolated vocal track(s) from a

613:

also conduct some or all of their services without instruments.

5600: 4042:"Association of South-Asian A Cappella | Fusion Through Voices" 3153:

Prieto, Pilar (2014), "The intonational phonology of Catalan",

2327:

including the instruments and fake advertisements on her album

2283:

recreates entire songs using vocal tones for every instrument.

1918: 1657:

choral singing on every school day, a system that started with

1396: 1071: 1067: 1028: 784: 348: 304: 5086:

The Swedish Choral Miracle: Swedish A Capella Music Since 1945

2132:. The first co-ed South Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the 1917:

All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a

5684: 5477: 5426: 5421: 4041: 1900: 1098: 1094: 889:

Movements in modern a cappella over the past century include

780: 536: 129: 2435:

in Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, accessed 5 December 2023.

1416: 955:

boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group

5504: 5431: 2386: 2311: 2279:

is famous for his instrumental emulation. A cappella group

1559: 791: 685: 210: 204: 195: 152: 146: 137: 5291: 4817:. Columbia University Dissertations. Columbia University. 4528:

Understanding of the Sacred Writings (Clarke's Commentary)

4108:

Texas A&M Swaram | All American Awaaz 2018 | 1st Place

4085:

Texas A&M Swaram | All American Awaaz 2017 | 1st Place

2358:

List of university a cappella groups in the United Kingdom

1781:

List of university a cappella groups in the United Kingdom

4447:. Vol. I: A-J. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2353:

List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States

2076:

and was won by an all-male group from Puerto Rico called

2053: 1777:

List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States

187: 4360:"2010 ARIA Nominations Announced – Full List Here!" 2167:

in 2017 in New York City as well as in 2018 in Chicago.

547:, as well as Conservative Anabaptist groups—such as the 5033:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Archibald Constable and Company. 4868:

M'Clintock, John; Strong, James, eds. (1894). "Music".

4851:

The Temple, the Church Fathers, and Early Western Chant

4609:"Smooth McGroove Leads Us To Final Fantasy VII Victory" 3535:"In Transit, New A Cappella Musical, Opens on Broadway" 2385:(Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli), and the history of 2031:'s Magevet are also gaining popularity across the U.S. 987:

had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of

694: 514: 4571:

Ferguson, Everett; Lewis, Jack P.; West, Earl (1984).

4268:"Singers find sure appeal of Jewish a cappella groups" 3415:"England rugby captain stars in Beats By Dre campaign" 1299:

The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway,

2314:

recites "Boots and Cats" when you ask it to beatbox.

1538:

is credited for introducing the art of a cappella in

983:" a cappella. In 1983, an a cappella group known as 219: 192: 184: 161: 134: 126: 4867: 4537:

A Cappella Music in the Public Worship of the Church

3785:"Searching for Songs and Music Videos – voice print" 2766: 2140:. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the 207: 201: 149: 143: 4530:. Vol. VI. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, n.d. 4466:. Searcy, AR: Truth for Today World Mision School. 4192:"Siri drops sick beats when you ask her to beatbox" 3111: 2040:

International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella

1203:, produced and starred in the critically acclaimed 621:, is an a cappella style of religious singing with 198: 140: 5236: 5164:. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press. 5145:. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press. 5126:. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press. 3119: 2459:"Did early humans, or even animals, invent music?" 1447:) and Camp A Cappella in Dayton, Ohio (founded by 4570: 4251:"Chicago a cappella sings music of high holidays" 3128:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life 2912: 2155:. The first winner of the championship title was 1948:and the contemporary commercial a cappella group 1320:became the first a cappella musical on Broadway. 1303:, premiered October 5, 2010, and was produced by 270:was originally intended to differentiate between 5702: 4914:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House. 4503:"Menaka singers – 'September Song' – Satisfies!" 16:Group or solo singing without instrumental sound 4554:The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement 2514:Music in ancient Judaism and early Christianity 479:In keeping with this philosophy, early Russian 4590:Finkle, David; Bacalzo, Dan (22 August 2006). 3340:"The Affect of Selection in Digital Sound Art" 1215:. That production received a nomination for a 5307: 5234: 4589: 3499: 3140:Minneapolis Community & Technical College 2962: 2950: 2679:A guide to the study of the holiness movement 1855:, which was formed in 1909 and once included 854:was established as an outgrowth of the local 838:An a cappella tradition was begun in 1911 by 4904:"Music and Musical Instruments of the Bible" 4464:Instrumental Music and New Testament Worship 3254:"The Contemporary A Cappella Society (CASA)" 2835: 2833: 2671: 2669: 818:The Hullabahoos, an a cappella group at the 630:musical instruments in the Christian worship 5009:. Avinger, TX: Simpson Publishing Company. 4014: 3157:, Oxford University Press, pp. 43–80, 2128:, an all-male group founded in 1996 at the 1718:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1284:, and has been compared to a cross between 240: 5314: 5300: 4815:The Church Fathers and Musical Instruments 4785: 4636:"On campus, a perfect pitch for pluralism" 3654: 2636:. St. Paul American Coptic Orthodox Church 2488:"What is the oldest known piece of music?" 1522:The first a cappella group in Iran is the 1423: 1293:The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee 388:had further developed, but gradually, the 36: 5159: 5140: 4853:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited. 4834:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4712:. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online 4500: 4265: 3867: 3761: 3355: 3163:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567300.003.0003 2830: 2818: 2666: 2620: 2585: 2561: 2225:Learn how and when to remove this message 1831:Learn how and when to remove this message 1738:Learn how and when to remove this message 1665:in 1939 but has spread over the country. 1621:Learn how and when to remove this message 1380:Learn how and when to remove this message 579:, Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma), the 5235:Weiss, Piero; Taruskin, Richard (1984). 5178: 5121: 5107:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 5102: 5059: 4848: 4829: 4812: 4655: 4633: 4551: 4534: 3856: 3402: 3209: 3106: 3031: 3020: 3014: 2997: 2924: 2900: 2888: 2876: 2839: 2824: 2801: 2731: 2725: 2573: 2417: 2415: 2174: 1956:, an alumnus of the Counterparts at the 1749: 1672: 813: 343:, up until its development in the early 5257: 5220:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books. 5037: 4928: 4885:. Bet El Yeshiva Center. Archived from 4876: 4741: 4682: 4443:Arnold, Denis, ed. (1998). "Cappella". 4248: 4215: 3889: 3878: 3841: 3839: 3603:800 chapters across the U.S. and Canada 3556: 3337: 3095: 3055: 3009: 2760: 2720: 2714: 2648: 2549: 2485: 833:Northwestern University School of Music 809: 625:, usually sung at singing conventions. 416:Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata 5703: 5181:Journal of Research in Music Education 5080: 4979: 4954: 4724: 4705: 4606: 4521: 4478: 4442: 4178: 4015:VanderMolen, Abigail (12 April 2023). 3809: 3772: 3510: 3391: 3152: 2789: 2783: 2778: 2772: 2456: 2444: 2421: 2348:List of professional a cappella groups 1646:European Grand Prix for Choral Singing 975:' first album from his label in 1970. 5295: 5023: 5004: 4992:from the original on 20 November 2012 4957:"Freestyle rap [Freestyling]" 4901: 4758: 4634:Ginsberg, Johanna (4 February 2015). 4501:Chanmugam, Mano (25 September 2010). 4461: 4403: 4382: 3820: 3750: 3681: 3521: 3448:from the original on 22 November 2021 3043: 2985: 2813: 2807: 2743: 2737: 2675: 2412: 2149:Association of South-Asian A Cappella 2025:University of California, Los Angeles 1966:University of California, Los Angeles 1766: 1454: 1209:DRAGAPELLA! Starring the Kinsey Sicks 234: 5215: 5062:"Jewish A Cappella and Sefirat Omer" 4912:Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary 4786:Macpherson, Alex (5 December 2008). 4426: 4357: 4341: 4320: 4300: 4287: 4266:Altshuler, George (3 January 2013). 4189: 3928: 3845: 3836: 3655:Salahuddin, Sayed (18 August 2005). 3532: 3488: 3477: 3466: 3186:"Vocal Area Network Choir Auditions" 2795: 2597: 2591: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2481: 2479: 2207:adding citations to reliable sources 2178: 1964:, an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at 1813:adding citations to reliable sources 1784: 1716:adding citations to reliable sources 1683: 1603:adding citations to reliable sources 1574: 1458: 1362:adding citations to reliable sources 1333: 942: 831:Peter Christian Lutkin, dean of the 695:Acceptance of instruments in worship 515:Opposition to instruments in worship 314: 5274:from the original on 9 October 2022 5261:Biography of Peter Christian Lutkin 5162:The Oxford History of Western Music 5143:The Oxford History of Western Music 5124:The Oxford History of Western Music 4832:Music in Early Christian Literature 4656:Hilliard, Kyle (9 September 2013). 4257:. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from 3829:. p. 18 – via issu.com. 3803: 3685:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 3319:from the original on 9 October 2022 2330:Petra Haden Sings: The Who Sell Out 1323: 933:and the musical comedy film series 13: 5038:Shapiro, Gary (16 February 2011). 4879:"Mourning Customs During the Omer" 4773:from the original on 18 April 2010 4725:Jacobs, Leonard (24 August 2006). 3557:Burdett, Gillian (19 April 2017). 3382:. Warner Bros Record, 1966. Vinyl. 3212:Journal of Architectural Education 2486:Andrews, Evan (18 December 2015). 2457:Barras, Colin (7 September 2014). 1972:, an alumna of the Rockapellas at 1171: 14: 5762: 5280: 5088:. Chapel Hill, NC: Walton Music. 4445:The New Oxford Companion to Music 3533:Gans, Andrew (11 December 2016). 2538: 2511: 2476: 1668: 882:(Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and 688:without organs that are like ours 457: 5218:The Orthodox Church: New Edition 4980:Perera, Mahes (29 August 2010). 4967:from the original on 27 May 2024 4931:"Critic's Choice – Brandy ( 4813:McKinnon, James William (1965). 4746:. Nashville: McQuiddy Print Co. 4607:Futter, Mike (21 October 2013). 4209: 4183: 4172: 4147: 4122: 3966:"Women's a Cappella Association" 3941:"Women's A Cappella Association" 3787:. 4 October 2016. Archived from 2183: 1845:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1789: 1688: 1579: 1462: 1338: 953:American Federation of Musicians 294: 180: 122: 5040:"Shir Enjoyment of Vocal Music" 4877:Melamed, Rabbi Eliezer (2013). 4761:"Music Reviews: Kelis Acapella" 4099: 4076: 4055: 4034: 4008: 3983: 3958: 3933: 3922: 3883: 3872: 3861: 3850: 3814: 3777: 3766: 3755: 3744: 3718: 3692: 3675: 3648: 3630: 3608: 3579: 3550: 3526: 3515: 3504: 3493: 3482: 3471: 3460: 3428: 3407: 3396: 3385: 3380:The Peter, Paul, and Mary Album 3372: 3331: 3293: 3271: 3246: 3203: 3178: 3146: 3100: 3089: 3071: 3060: 3049: 3037: 3025: 3003: 2991: 2979: 2968: 2956: 2944: 2918: 2913:Ferguson, Lewis & West 1984 2906: 2894: 2882: 2870: 2845: 2749: 2700: 2626: 2614: 2603: 2579: 2393: 2379:regulative principle of worship 2371: 2194:needs additional citations for 2038:) and competitions such as the 2036:Contemporary A Cappella Society 1991:Jewish-interest groups such as 1982:the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones 1943:International Quartet Champions 1800:needs additional citations for 1590:needs additional citations for 1558:to write a cappella pieces for 1349:needs additional citations for 1278:Tommy James & the Shondells 1164:"The Game Starts Here" for the 1141:In 2013, an artist by the name 922:Contemporary A Cappella Society 699:Those who do not adhere to the 561:regulative principle of worship 4955:Pauley, Jared (10 July 2012). 4683:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). 4556:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. 3945:Women's A Cappella Association 3908:10.5406/jamerfolk.125.498.0488 3587:"Finding Harmony in Nashville" 3574:the Society has 22,000 members 2656:Dunkard Brethren Church Polity 2567: 2555: 2505: 2450: 2438: 2426: 2118: 1508:national anthem of Afghanistan 1501:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1494: 1180:that have had commercial runs 736:Reformed Free Methodist Church 397:becoming a major influence on 1: 4759:Levin, Nick (16 April 2010). 4742:Kurfees, Marshall C. (1911). 4241: 4216:Fischer, Jason (2 May 2005). 3821:Smith, Jim H. (Spring 2014). 3338:Chapman, Owen (1 July 2005). 2676:Jones, Charles Edwin (1974). 2662:. 1 November 2021. p. 9. 822:, were featured in the movie 462:In the Byzantine Rite of the 5103:Stebbins, Robert A. (1996). 4573:The Instrumental Music Issue 4307:United Singers International 4118:– via www.youtube.com. 4095:– via www.youtube.com. 3896:Journal of American Folklore 3618:. Barbershop Harmony Society 3378:Stookey, Paul. Liner Notes. 2767:M'Clintock & Strong 1894 2634:"Frequently Asked Questions" 2405: 1659:Adolf Fredrik's Music School 1545: 1409:Sweet Adelines International 903:Sweet Adelines International 842:, a music faculty member at 355: 74:Jewish and Christian worship 7: 5321: 5258:Wittman, Elisabeth (1978), 5243:. New York: Shirmer Books. 5160:Taruskin, Richard (2005b). 5141:Taruskin, Richard (2005a). 4706:Holmes, William C. (2007). 4344:"Who are the Kinsey Sicks?" 4063:"Home - All-American Awaaz" 3831:founded in the 19th century 2682:. Scarecrow Press. p. 2336: 2042:for college groups and the 1931:Tufts University Beelzebubs 1895:Maine Steiners (1958), the 1529: 1130:On their 1966 album titled 740:Evangelical Wesleyan Church 541:Old German Baptist Brethren 533:Old Order Anabaptist groups 511:are fine examples of this. 21:A cappella (disambiguation) 10: 5767: 5659:Sound reinforcement system 5519:Concepts · Techniques 5239:Music in the Western World 5122:Taruskin, Richard (2005). 5064:. Shircago. Archived from 4617:. gamestop. Archived from 4535:Ferguson, Everett (1972). 4358:Anon (28 September 2010). 2343:Lists of a cappella groups 2130:University of Pennsylvania 1958:University of Pennsylvania 1770: 1639:The Swedish Choral Miracle 1402:Barbershop Harmony Society 1327: 899:Barbershop Harmony Society 856:St. John's Lutheran Church 521:Oriental Orthodox Churches 250:in the style of the chapel 18: 5751:Italian words and phrases 5746:21st-century music genres 5741:20th-century music genres 5736:16th-century music genres 5672: 5634: 5518: 5445: 5414: 5327: 4830:McKinnon, James (1989) . 4366:. Take 40. Archived from 3918:– via Project MUSE. 3688:. Vol. 5. Routledge. 3500:Finkle & Bacalzo 2006 2963:Weiss & Taruskin 1984 2951:Weiss & Taruskin 1984 2064:. The show was judged by 1921:of the men's groups: the 1570: 876:Gustavus Adolphus College 866:(Rock Island, Illinois), 746: 591:of Eastern Christianity. 468:Eastern Catholic Churches 255:), less commonly spelled 91: 86: 78: 70: 44: 35: 30: 5030:The Heart of Mid-Lothian 4849:McKinnon, James (1998). 4482:(2009) . "Psalms 33:2". 4462:Bales, James D. (1973). 4429:"Voices Only A Cappella" 4406:"Manaka Singers on song" 3890:Dunchan, Joshua (2012). 3563:The Lake George Examiner 3301:"Judy Collins interview" 2975:2 Chronicles 29:25–29:27 2365: 2161:Texas A&M University 878:(St. Peter, Minnesota), 581:Reformed Free Methodists 559:churches devoted to the 5287:A Cappella Music Awards 4689:Encyclopædia Britannica 4303:"The Yale Whiffenpoofs" 4249:Alleman, Annie (2011). 2857:www.catholicculture.org 2660:Dunkard Brethren Church 2163:, who won 1st place at 1909:University of Rochester 1678:The Oxford Alternotives 1637:in his doctoral thesis 1517: 1424:Amateur and high school 1222:The a cappella musical 1166:England Rugby World Cup 1009:Huey Lewis and the News 991:'s (known in the US as 862:(Moorhead, Minnesota), 672:The Heart of Midlothian 553:Conservative Mennonites 549:Dunkard Brethren Church 531:communities (including 489:Grammatika musikiyskaya 464:Eastern Orthodox Church 5216:Ware, Timothy (1997). 4988:. Colombo, Sri Lanka. 4902:Olson, Lee G. (1967). 4641:New Jersey Jewish News 4575:. Gospel Advocate Co. 3642:The Hollywood Reporter 2142:University of Michigan 2134:University of Maryland 1755: 1681: 1001:The Manhattan Transfer 852:St. Olaf College Choir 840:F. Melius Christiansen 828: 820:University of Virginia 525:Coptic Orthodox Church 505:Alexander Arkhangelsky 401:, most notably in the 5731:Medieval music genres 4929:Pareles, Jon (2008). 4484:Calvin's Commentaries 4288:Anon (11 June 1993). 3444:. 22 September 2015. 2756:2 Chronicles 29:25–29 2260:The New Addams Family 2175:Emulating instruments 2098:Vanderbilt University 2013:Ohio State University 2009:Binghamton University 2005:University of Chicago 1899:Kingsmen (1949), the 1773:Collegiate a cappella 1761:The Voice Festival UK 1753: 1676: 951:, as a result of the 870:(Forest City, Iowa), 848:Northfield, Minnesota 817: 751:While worship in the 731:Free Methodist Church 414:and his masterpiece, 370:Franco-Flemish school 236:[akkapˈpɛlla] 101:collegiate a cappella 5446:Voice classification 5005:Price, John (2005). 4670:on 12 September 2013 4509:. Colombo, Sri Lanka 4414:. Colombo, Sri Lanka 3155:Prosodic Typology II 2512:Smith, John Arthur. 2203:improve this article 2007:'s Rhythm and Jews, 1809:improve this article 1712:improve this section 1599:improve this article 1358:improve this article 1282:The Partridge Family 1190:Playwrights Horizons 1136:Peter, Paul and Mary 1091:multitrack recording 810:In the United States 770:counting of the omer 701:regulative principle 647:Protestant Reformers 633:Christians to sing. 565:Old Regular Baptists 545:Old Order Mennonites 19:For other uses, see 5726:Musical terminology 5510:Non-classical music 5415:Forms · Genres 4261:on 24 January 2012. 4190:Domanico, Anthony. 3309:Library of Congress 3122:Norwegian Americans 2734:, pp. 263, 265 2516:. Farnham, Surrey. 2044:Harmony Sweepstakes 2021:New York University 1897:Columbia University 1893:University of Maine 884:Augsburg University 794:through the end of 753:Temple in Jerusalem 501:Sergei Rachmaninoff 485:khorovïye kontsertï 434:. Five of Schutz's 79:Typical instruments 5345:Extended technique 5068:on 1 February 2013 4940:The New York Times 4908:Tenney, Merrill C. 4621:on 21 October 2013 4294:The New York Times 4021:The Michigan Daily 3995:www.thecrimson.com 2940:2 Chronicles 29:25 2381:(Ulrich Zwingli), 2271:). Groups such as 2265:Fox Family Channel 2243:The Mills Brothers 2165:All-American Awaaz 2153:All-American Awaaz 2074:Nicole Scherzinger 2017:Rutgers University 1881:Cornell University 1873:Harvard University 1861:Colgate University 1767:Western collegiate 1756: 1682: 1474:. You can help by 1455:In other countries 1044:Straight No Chaser 985:The Flying Pickets 868:Waldorf University 829: 577:Churches of Christ 569:Primitive Baptists 412:Claudio Monteverdi 57:Gregorian chanting 5698: 5697: 5095:978-0-9703134-0-9 5060:Shircago (2013). 4961:oxfordmusiconline 4727:"Perfect Harmony" 4698:978-1-59339-837-8 4370:on 2 October 2010 4364:MCM Entertainment 4255:Chicago Sun times 4134:www.instagram.com 3823:"Perfect Harmony" 3791:on 4 October 2016 3312:. 12 April 2017. 2891:, pp. 52, 53 2302:community, where 2235: 2234: 2227: 2157:Swaram A Cappella 2015:'s Meshuganotes, 1974:Dartmouth College 1946:The Boston Common 1871:'s Aires (1946), 1869:Dartmouth College 1841: 1840: 1833: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1631: 1630: 1623: 1554:became the first 1552:Dinesh Subasinghe 1534:The musical show 1524:Damour Vocal Band 1510:is an a cappella 1492: 1491: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1160:was selected for 957:The Song Spinners 943:Recording artists 880:Augustana College 874:(Decorah, Iowa), 864:Augustana College 860:Concordia College 727:Holiness Churches 573:Plymouth Brethren 509:Mykola Leontovych 497:Peter Tchaikovsky 378:Johannes Ockeghem 315:Religious origins 114: 113: 45:Stylistic origins 5758: 5654:Pitch correction 5621:Vocal resonation 5399:Vocal percussion 5355:Overtone singing 5340:Bathroom singing 5316: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5292: 5275: 5273: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5231: 5212: 5175: 5156: 5137: 5118: 5099: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5034: 5020: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4982:"September Song" 4976: 4974: 4972: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4925: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4873: 4864: 4845: 4826: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4755: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4702: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4666:. Archived from 4652: 4650: 4648: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4586: 4567: 4548: 4531: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4497: 4475: 4458: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4411:The Sunday Times 4400: 4398: 4396: 4391:on 21 March 2012 4379: 4377: 4375: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4329:on 21 March 2012 4317: 4315: 4313: 4297: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4262: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4187: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4080: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3937: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3902:(498): 488–502. 3887: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3827:Trinity Reporter 3818: 3812: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3781: 3775: 3770: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3732:. 11 August 2017 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3530: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3508: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3475: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3411: 3405: 3400: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3359: 3357:10.5204/mcj.2357 3335: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3318: 3305: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3125: 3115: 3109: 3104: 3098: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3085:. 23 March 2016. 3075: 3069: 3064: 3058: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3034:, pp. 39–41 3029: 3023: 3018: 3012: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2972: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2937: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2630: 2624: 2618: 2612: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2536: 2535: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2483: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2436: 2430: 2424: 2419: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2375: 2324:The Who Sell Out 2230: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2187: 2179: 2027:'s Jewkbox, and 2019:'s Kol Halayla, 1997:Tufts University 1935:vocal percussion 1907:(1949), and the 1905:Brown University 1885:Cayuga's Waiters 1849:The Whiffenpoofs 1836: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1793: 1785: 1743: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1723: 1692: 1684: 1626: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1583: 1575: 1536:Strepsils Stereo 1487: 1484: 1466: 1459: 1393:Barbershop music 1385: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1365: 1342: 1334: 1330:Barbershop music 1324:Barbershop style 1201:The Kinsey Sicks 1149:music tracks on 1036:vocal percussion 844:St. Olaf College 667:Sir Walter Scott 661:(1509–1564) and 493:Nikolai Diletsky 382:Josquin des Prez 374:Guillaume Du Fay 309:Seikilos epitaph 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 238: 233: 226: 222: 217: 216: 213: 212: 209: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 179: 168: 164: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 142: 139: 136: 132: 131: 128: 116:Music performed 96:Barbershop music 71:Cultural origins 40: 28: 27: 5766: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5694: 5668: 5664:Monitor speaker 5637:(popular music) 5636: 5635:Sound equipment 5630: 5514: 5441: 5410: 5323: 5320: 5283: 5278: 5271: 5264: 5251: 5228: 5193:10.2307/3344375 5172: 5153: 5134: 5115: 5096: 5082:Sparks, Richard 5071: 5069: 5050: 5048: 5017: 4995: 4993: 4986:Sunday Observer 4970: 4968: 4945: 4943: 4922: 4892: 4890: 4889:on 14 June 2007 4861: 4842: 4803: 4801: 4776: 4774: 4732: 4730: 4715: 4713: 4699: 4673: 4671: 4646: 4644: 4624: 4622: 4597: 4595: 4583: 4564: 4512: 4510: 4494: 4486:. Vol. 8. 4455: 4433: 4431: 4417: 4415: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4371: 4348: 4346: 4332: 4330: 4311: 4309: 4278: 4276: 4244: 4239: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4223:Under the Radar 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4046: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3974: 3972: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3923: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3873: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3837: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3778: 3771: 3767: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3680: 3676: 3663:. pp. A2. 3653: 3649: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3596: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3567: 3565: 3555: 3551: 3531: 3527: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3505: 3498: 3494: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3472: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3397: 3390: 3386: 3377: 3373: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3224:10.2307/1424700 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3151: 3147: 3133: 3131: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3101: 3094: 3090: 3083:JewishPress.com 3077: 3076: 3072: 3067:Numbers 10:1–10 3065: 3061: 3054: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2969: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2777: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2750: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2715: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2674: 2667: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2639: 2637: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2539: 2524: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2484: 2477: 2467: 2465: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2339: 2288:Swingle Singers 2281:Naturally Seven 2255:Tompkins Square 2231: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2200: 2188: 2177: 2121: 2029:Yale University 1986:Harvard College 1980:, an alumna of 1853:Yale University 1837: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1806: 1794: 1783: 1771:Main articles: 1769: 1744: 1733: 1727: 1724: 1709: 1693: 1671: 1627: 1616: 1610: 1607: 1596: 1584: 1573: 1548: 1532: 1520: 1497: 1488: 1482: 1479: 1472:needs expansion 1457: 1426: 1386: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1355: 1343: 1332: 1326: 1309:Sara Wordsworth 1266:The Temptations 1225:Perfect Harmony 1178:musical theatre 1174: 1172:Musical theatre 1143:Smooth McGroove 1086:accompaniment. 1052:The House Jacks 1021:Backstreet Boys 973:The Persuasions 945: 812: 766:the Three Weeks 749: 697: 675:, the heroine, 517: 460: 424:Heinrich Schütz 420:Andrea Gabrieli 404:Mass in B Minor 358: 333:Gregorian chant 317: 297: 252: 249: 246: 243: 231: 224: 220: 191: 183: 174: 173: 166: 162: 133: 125: 121: 110: 66: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5764: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5644:In-ear monitor 5640: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5616:Vocal register 5613: 5608: 5606:Vocal pedagogy 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5522: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5350:Throat singing 5342: 5337: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5281:External links 5279: 5277: 5276: 5255: 5250:978-0028729008 5249: 5232: 5227:978-0140146561 5226: 5213: 5187:(4): 227–238. 5176: 5170: 5157: 5151: 5138: 5132: 5119: 5113: 5100: 5094: 5078: 5057: 5035: 5021: 5016:978-1881095019 5015: 5002: 4977: 4952: 4926: 4921:978-0310331605 4920: 4899: 4883:yeshiva.org.il 4874: 4865: 4860:978-0860786887 4859: 4846: 4840: 4827: 4810: 4783: 4756: 4739: 4722: 4703: 4697: 4680: 4653: 4631: 4604: 4594:. TheaterMania 4587: 4582:978-0892252954 4581: 4568: 4562: 4549: 4532: 4519: 4498: 4493:978-0801013317 4492: 4476: 4459: 4453: 4440: 4424: 4404:Anon (2010b). 4401: 4383:Anon (2010a). 4380: 4355: 4339: 4318: 4298: 4285: 4263: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4208: 4182: 4171: 4146: 4121: 4098: 4075: 4054: 4033: 4007: 3982: 3957: 3932: 3921: 3882: 3871: 3868:Altshuler 2013 3860: 3849: 3835: 3813: 3802: 3776: 3765: 3762:Chanmugam 2010 3754: 3743: 3717: 3691: 3674: 3647: 3629: 3607: 3578: 3549: 3525: 3514: 3503: 3492: 3481: 3470: 3459: 3427: 3406: 3395: 3384: 3371: 3330: 3292: 3270: 3245: 3202: 3177: 3172:978-0199567300 3171: 3145: 3110: 3099: 3088: 3070: 3059: 3048: 3036: 3024: 3013: 3002: 2990: 2978: 2967: 2955: 2943: 2929: 2917: 2905: 2893: 2881: 2869: 2844: 2829: 2817: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2771: 2759: 2748: 2736: 2724: 2713: 2699: 2693:978-0810807037 2692: 2665: 2647: 2625: 2621:Taruskin 2005b 2613: 2602: 2590: 2586:Taruskin 2005a 2578: 2566: 2562:Taruskin 2005a 2554: 2537: 2523:978-1409421610 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