1762:
49:
719:
setting in the first century and a half of
Christian churches (33–180 AD). The use of instruments for Christian worship during this period is also undocumented. Toward the end of the 2nd century, Christians began condemning the instruments themselves. Those who oppose instruments today believe these Church Fathers had a better understanding of God's desire for the church, but there are significant differences between the teachings of these Church Fathers and Christian opposition to instruments today.
1475:
2401:
music in early church worship is significant given the abundance of Hebrew Bible references and commands to worship God with harp, lyre and cymbal. After several hundred years of
Tabernacle worship without references to instrumental music, King David (c. 1500 BC) introduced musical instruments into Temple worship reportedly because of a commandment from God, complete with who was to sing, who was to play, and what instruments were to be used.
1685:
2196:
1802:
1701:
1592:
1351:
826:
771:. The use of musical instruments is traditionally forbidden on the Sabbath out of concern that players would be tempted to repair (or tune) their instruments, which is forbidden on those days. (This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.) Similarly, when Jewish families and larger groups sing traditional Sabbath songs known as
1415:(BHS). Today the BHS has about 22,000 members in approximately 800 chapters across the United States and Canada, and the barbershop style has spread around the world with organizations in many other countries. The Barbershop Harmony Society provides a highly organized competition structure for a cappella quartets and choruses singing in the barbershop style.
1322:. Set primarily in the New York City subway system its score features an eclectic mix of musical genres (including jazz, hip hop, Latin, rock, and country). In Transit incorporates vocal beat boxing into its contemporary a cappella arrangements through the use of a subway beat boxer character. Beat boxer and actor
4538:
The New
Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the Text Carefully Printed From the Most Correct Copies of the Present Authorized Version Including the Marginal Readings and Parallel Texts with a Commentary and Critical Notes With a Commentary and Critical Notes Designed As a Help to a Better
2125:
In addition, from 2014 to 2019, female-identifying a cappella groups had the opportunity to send their strongest song tracks to the Women's A Cappella
Association (WACA) for its annual best of women's a cappella album. WACA offered another medium for women's voices to receive recognition and released
1422:
until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in
English, includes choruses in most of the fifty United States as well as in Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. Headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the
718:
Those who subscribe to this interpretation believe that since the
Christian scriptures never counter instrumental language with any negative judgment on instruments, opposition to instruments instead comes from an interpretation of history. There is no written opposition to musical instruments in any
403:
began to take the place of a cappella forms. Sixteenth-century a cappella polyphony, nonetheless, continued to influence church composers throughout this period and to the present day. Recent evidence has shown that some of the early pieces by
Palestrina, such as those written for the Sistine Chapel,
2320:
Beatboxing is performed often by shaping the mouth, making pops and clicks as pseudo-drum sounds. A popular phrase that beat boxers use to begin their training is the phrase "boots and cats". As the beat boxer progresses in their training, they remove the vowels and continue on from there, emulating
2114:
Each year, hundreds of collegiate a cappella groups submit their strongest songs in a competition to be on The Best of
College A Cappella (BOCA), an album compilation of tracks from the best college a cappella groups around the world. The album is produced by Varsity Vocals –which also produces
1667:
had an enormous impact on a cappella choral development not only in Sweden but around the world, and finally there are a large number of very popular primary and secondary schools ('music schools') with high admission standards based on auditions that combine a rigid academic regimen with high level
643:
believe that such opposition is supported by the
Christian scriptures and Church history. The scriptures typically referenced are Matthew 26:30; Acts 16:25; Romans 15:9; 1 Corinthians 14:15; Ephesians 5:19; Colossians 3:16; Hebrews 2:12, 13:15 and James 5:13, which show examples and exhortations for
1326:
performed this role for the 2010 Primary Stages production. According to the show's website, it is scheduled to reopen for an open-ended commercial run in the Fall of 2011. In 2011, the production received four
Lucille Lortel Award nominations including Outstanding Musical, Outer Critics Circle and
651:
Christians who believe in a cappella music today believe that in the Israelite worship assembly during Temple worship only the Priests of Levi sang, played, and offered animal sacrifices, whereas in the church era, all Christians are commanded to sing praises to God. They believe that if God wanted
927:
Many a cappella groups can be found in high schools and colleges. There are amateur Barbershop Harmony Society and professional groups that sing a cappella exclusively. Although a cappella is technically defined as singing without instrumental accompaniment, some groups use their voices to emulate
2400:
in "Christianity". Dispensationalism emphasizes the differences between the old (Law of Moses) and the new (Jesus and the Apostles) covenants, emphasizing that the majority of the practices from the Law of Moses were replaced by the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles. The absence of instrumental
2134:
South Asian a cappella features a fusion of music from the Indian subcontinent, which places it in the category of South Asian fusion music. A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English college groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was
723:
Modern Christians typically believe it is acceptable to play instruments or to attend weddings, funerals, banquets, etc., where instruments are heard playing religious music. The Church Fathers made no exceptions. Since the New Testament never condemns instruments themselves, much less in any of
727:
Written opposition to instruments in worship began near the turn of the 5th century. Modern opponents of instruments typically do not make the same assessment of instruments as these writers, who argued that God had allowed David the "evil" of using musical instruments in praise. While the Old
794:, born 20 BC. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptures, where Israel offered praise with instruments by God's own command The
1952:". Some larger universities now have multiple groups. Groups often join one another in on-campus concerts, such as the Georgetown Chimes' Cherry Tree Massacre, a 3-weekend a cappella festival held each February since 1975, where over a hundred collegiate groups have appeared, as well as
1430:
is smaller than its counterpart, but has an atmosphere of friendship and competition. With about 2,500 members in the United States and Canada, Harmony, Inc. uses the same rules in contest that the Barbershop Harmony Society uses. Harmony, Inc. is registered in Providence, Rhode Island.
732:
Since "a cappella" singing brought a new polyphony (more than one note at a time) with instrumental accompaniment, it is not surprising that Protestant reformers who opposed the instruments (such as Calvin and Zwingli) also opposed the polyphony. While Zwingli was destroying organs in
1940:(1936), the Night Owls of Vassar College (1942), The Shwiffs of Connecticut College (The She-Whiffenpoofs, 1944), and The Chattertocks of Brown University (1951). A cappella groups exploded in popularity beginning in the 1990s, fueled in part by a change in style popularized by the
295:
musical styles. In the 19th century, a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony, coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists, led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, rarely, as a synonym for
869:, where Christiansen was organist and the choir was composed, at least partially, of students from the nearby St. Olaf campus. The success of the ensemble was emulated by other regional conductors, and a tradition of a cappella choral music was born in the region at colleges like
1662:
The reasons for the strong Swedish dominance are as explained by Richard Sparks manifold; suffice to say here that there is a long-standing tradition, an unusually large proportion of the populations (5% is often cited) regularly sing in choirs, the Swedish choral director
1410:
shops. In 1938, the first formal men's barbershop organization was formed, known as the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (S.P.E.B.S.Q.S.A), and in 2004 rebranded itself and officially changed its public name to the
485:
says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church, singing is unaccompanied and instrumental music is not found." This a cappella behavior arises from strict interpretation of Psalm 150, which states,
647:
There is no reference to instrumental music in early church worship in the New Testament, or in the worship of churches for the first six centuries. Several reasons have been posited throughout church history for the absence of instrumental music in church worship.
1573:
choirs. He wrote "The Princes of the Lost Tribe" and "Ancient Queen of Somawathee" for Menaka De Sahabandu and Bridget Helpe's choirs, respectively, based on historical incidents in ancient Sri Lanka. Voice Print is also a professional a cappella music group in
1769:
A cappella has gained attention in the UK in recent years, with many groups forming at British universities by students seeking an alternative singing pursuit to traditional choral and chapel singing. This movement has been bolstered by organisations such as
2718:
2119:.). According to ethnomusicologist Joshua S. Dunchan, "BOCA carries considerable cache and respect within the field despite the appearance of other compilations in part, perhaps, because of its longevity and the prestige of the individuals behind it."
744:
opposed the use of musical instruments in church worship until the mid-20th century. The Free Methodist Church allowed for local church decision on the use of either an organ or piano in the 1943 Conference before lifting the ban entirely in 1955. The
4975:
714:
of interpreting Christian scripture, believe that limiting praise to the unaccompanied chant of the early church is not commanded in scripture, and that churches in any age are free to offer their songs with or without musical instruments.
362:
note that some early songs were accompanied by string instruments, though Jewish and Early Christian music was largely a cappella; the use of instruments has subsequently increased within both of these religions as well as in Islam.
461:, were all done a cappella style. This was a near requirement for this type of piece, and the parts of the crowd were sung while the solo parts which were the quoted parts from either Christ or the authors were performed in a
655:
Instruments have divided Christendom since their introduction into worship. They were considered a Roman Catholic innovation, not widely practiced until the 18th century, and were opposed vigorously in worship by a number of
753:
were formed as a result of a schism with the Free Methodist Church, with the former retaining a cappella worship and the latter retaining the rule limiting the number of instruments in the church to the piano and organ.
2126:
an album every year from 2014 to 2019, featuring female-identifying groups from across the United States. The Women's A Cappella Association hosted seven annual festivals in California before ending operations in 2019.
916:, and Harmony Inc. host educational events including Harmony University, Directors University, and the International Educational Symposium, and international contests and conventions, recognizing international champion
766:
included musical instruments, traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural
4668:
2122:
Collegiate a cappella groups may also submit their tracks to Voices Only, a two-disc series released at the beginning of each school year. A Voices Only album has been released every year since 2005.
1093:. Arrangements of popular music for small a cappella ensembles typically include one voice singing the lead melody, one singing a rhythmic bass line, and the remaining voices contributing chordal or
310:
A cappella could be as old as humanity itself; research suggests that singing and vocables may have been what early humans used to communicate before the invention of language. The earliest piece of
846:, helped popularize a cappella music in the United States by founding the Northwestern A Cappella Choir in 1906. The A Cappella Choir was "the first permanent organization of its kind in America."
775:
outside the context of formal religious services, they usually do so a cappella, and Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations on the Sabbath sometimes feature entertainment by a cappella ensembles. During
1243:'s Acorn Theatre on 42nd Street in New York City in October 2010 after a successful out-of-town run at the Stoneham Theatre, in Stoneham, Massachusetts. Perfect Harmony features the hit music of
2159:
2388:
The absence of instrumental music is rooted in various hermeneutic principles (ways of interpreting the Bible) which determine what is appropriate for worship. Among such principles are the
4755:
Instrumental music in the worship or the Greek verb psallo philologically and historically examined together with a full discussion of kindred matters relating to music in Christian worship
4619:
1418:
In 1945, the first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953, Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it did not change its name to
897:(Minneapolis, Minnesota). The choirs typically range from 40 to 80 singers and are recognized for their efforts to perfect blend, intonation, phrasing and pitch in a large choral setting.
4261:
3324:
3264:
1426:
In 1959, a second women's barbershop organization started as a break off from Sweet Adelines due to ideological differences. Based on democratic principles which continue to this day,
783:
between Passover and Shavuot to be a time of semi-mourning and instrumental music is not allowed during that time. This has led to a tradition of a cappella singing sometimes known as
2045:
Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the
809:. The shofar is used by itself, without any vocal accompaniment, and is limited to a very strictly defined set of sounds and specific places in the synagogue service. However, silver
2162:(ASA), a non-profit organization formed in 2016. The competitive circuit consists of qualifier "bid" competitions all over the United States, as well as the national championship,
2286:
and Undivided emulate Latin rhythms a cappella. In the 1960s, the Swingle Singers used their voices to emulate musical instruments to Baroque and Classical music. Vocal artist
1406:
is one of several uniquely American art forms. The earliest reports of this style of a cappella music involved African Americans. The earliest documented quartets all began in
1081:. There also remains a strong a cappella presence within Christian music, as some denominations purposefully do not use instruments during worship. Examples of such groups are
694:
The folk here are civil, and, like the barbarians unto the holy apostle, have shown me much kindness; and there are a sort of chosen people in the land, for they have some
395:). The early a cappella polyphonies were sometimes doubled with other instruments, which were often wind or string instruments, or organs. By the 16th century, a cappella
2368:
1858:(formerly known as the RPI Glee Club), established in 1873 is perhaps the oldest known collegiate a cappella group. The longest continuously singing group is probably
1791:
4678:
2363:
1787:
314:
is thought to have originated from times as early as 2000 BC, while the earliest that has survived in its entirety is from the first century AD: a piece from
4370:
4027:
928:
instruments; others are more traditional and focus on harmonizing. A cappella styles range from gospel music to contemporary to barbershop quartets and choruses.
2317:
is often performed a cappella. The advent of vocal percussion added new dimensions to the a cappella genre and has become very prevalent in modern arrangements.
4967:
1462:
and Brody McDonald). These programs teach about different aspects of a cappella music, including vocal performance, arranging, and beatboxing/vocal percussion.
4395:
1327:
Drama League nominations, as well as five Drama Desk nominations including Outstanding Musical and won for Outstanding Ensemble Performance. In December 2016,
4333:
866:
3131:
1149:
included the song "Norman Normal". All the sounds on that song, both vocals and instruments, were created by Paul's voice, with no actual instruments used.
3795:
2175:
2163:
4781:
441:
style, which were traditionally performed during the Easter week and dealt with the religious subject matter of that week, such as Christ's suffering and
2167:
2050:
3089:
1765:
The Sweet Nothings are one of the University of Exeter's eight a cappella groups. They are one of the oldest and most successful girl groups in the UK
982:
are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. Frank Zappa loved doo wop and a cappella, so Zappa released
652:
instrumental music in New Testament worship, He would have commanded not just singing, but singing and playing like he did in the Hebrew scriptures.
2067:. The show featured eight a cappella groups from the United States and Puerto Rico vying for the prize of $ 100,000 and a recording contract with
4629:
2104:
1230:
award as Best Musical and a Drama Desk nomination for Best Lyrics. It was directed by Glenn Casale with original music and lyrics by Ben Schatz.
5279:
4269:
433:
when upon his death many choral pieces were discovered, one of which was in the unaccompanied style. Learning from the preceding two composers,
3311:
1659:(EGP) that despite its name is open to choirs from all over the world (see list of laureates in the Knowledge article on the EGP competition).
1454:
Since 2013, summer training programs have appeared, such as A Cappella Academy in Los Angeles, California (founded by Ben Bram, Rob Dietz, and
724:
these settings, it is believed that "the church Fathers go beyond the New Testament in pronouncing a negative judgment on musical instruments."
511:
4563:
Ferguson, Everett (2004). "Instrumental Music". In Foster, Douglas A.; Blowers, Paul M.; Dunnavant, Anthony L.; Williams, D. Newell (eds.).
3150:
1010:". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as
640:
507:
2410:
Rather than calling the use of instruments "evil", modern opposition typically uses terms like "unspiritual" or an Old Testament "shadow".
5520:
519:
1870:
as a member. Collegiate a cappella groups grew throughout the 20th century. Some notable historical groups formed along the way include
1644:
The European a cappella tradition is especially strong in the countries around the Baltic and perhaps most so in Sweden as described by
1108:
or put onto vinyl records for DJs, or released to the public so that fans can remix them. One such example is the a cappella release of
4602:
4513:
2182:
currently holds the record for most All-American Awaaz championships, winning three consecutive championships in 2022, 2023, and 2024.
1303:
5190:
van Camp, Leonard (1965). "The Formation of A Cappella Choirs at Northwestern University, St. Olaf College, and Westminster College".
3694:
3569:
1053:
to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include
3289:
4278:
1451:. High school groups may have conductors or student leaders who keep the tempo for the group, or beatboxers/vocal percussionists.
4889:
2248:
In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their
959:
938:
A cappella music was popularized between the late 2000s and the early to mid-2010s with media hits such as the 2009–2014 TV show
375:
of Christian (predominantly Catholic) a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the 9th century AD with the practice of
728:
Testament teaches that God specifically asked for musical instruments, modern concern is for worship based on the New Testament.
5000:
3425:
2719:"Matthew 26:30; Acts 16:25; Romans 15:9; 1 Corinthians 14:15; Ephesians 5:19; Colossians 3:16; Hebrews 2:12, 13:15; James 5:13"
2358:
1656:
530:
Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include many
5104:
4707:
2035:
1976:
1922:
5072:
2256:
whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumentation was done vocally. More recently, "
2252:
and mouth, often pitched using specialised pitch pipes. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were
4229:"Petra Haden The Former that dog. Member Discusses Joining The Decemberists and her A capella Version of The Who Sell Out"
1239:, a comedy about two high school a cappella groups vying to win the national championship, made its Off Broadway debut at
449:
were Easter pieces, and of these the latter three, which dealt with the passion from three different viewpoints, those of
2340:
2147:, formed in 2001. The first South Asian A Cappella competition was "Anahat," hosted by the Indus student organization at
5018:
Old Light on New Worship: Musical Instruments and The Worship of God, A Theological, Historical, and Psychological Study
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5259:
5236:
5025:
4930:
4869:
4591:
4502:
3648:
3181:
2702:
2532:
1899:
3545:
5324:
5180:
5161:
5142:
5123:
4850:
4572:
4463:
4378:
2235:
1953:
1841:
1748:
1631:
1390:
921:
515:
229:
171:
4399:
1730:
1855:
963:
917:
890:
405:
4337:
690:, a Scottish Presbyterian, writes to her father about the church situation she has found in England (bold added):
2389:
2046:
1992:
1669:
932:
676:(1703–1791). Alexander Campbell referred to the use of an instrument in worship as "a cow bell in a concert". In
571:
4646:
3799:
1439:
The popularity of a cappella among high schools and amateurs was revived by television shows and movies such as
5741:
4771:
4202:
2985:
2766:
2217:
1944:
and the Boston University Dear Abbeys. The new style used voices to emulate modern rock instruments, including
1823:
1726:
1613:
1511:
1372:
1288:
1176:
746:
591:
404:
were intended to be accompanied by an organ "doubling" some or all of the voices. Such is seen in the life of
5447:
3350:
1518:
1203:
with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily
1114:
4798:
2950:
2321:
a "bts n cts n" sound, a solid base for beginner beat boxers. The phrase has become popular enough to where
733:
Switzerland – Luther called him a fanatic – the Church of England was burning books of polyphony.
5736:
4421:
3711:"یک تابوشکنی دیگر در صدا و سیمای این دوران / حضور پررنگ خانمها با گروه موسیقی "دامور" در تلویزیون + تصویر"
1419:
970:
had a best-seller with "Comin' In on a Wing and a Prayer". In the 1950s, several recording groups, notably
913:
874:
4228:
2469:
2268:. Another famous example of emulating instrumentation instead of singing the words is the theme song for
2213:
1819:
1722:
1609:
1447:
1368:
946:
870:
750:
610:
551:
31:
4718:
4603:"FringeNYC 2006 Roundup 3: Reports on Perfect Harmony, t.l.c., The Infliction of Cruelty, and Don't Ask"
2309:, more accurately known as vocal percussion, is a technique used in a cappella music popularized by the
5669:
5050:
4233:
3077:
2863:
2498:
2353:
2257:
2140:
1968:
1412:
1054:
935:(CASA) is a membership option for former students, whose funds support hosted competitions and events.
909:
5270:
2305:
to sound like instruments, but have been known to produce non-verbal versions of musical instruments.
481:, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop
1234:
1156:
rose to prominence with his style of a cappella music. He is best known for his a cappella covers of
886:
813:, as described in Numbers 10:1-18, have been made in recent years and used in prayer services at the
617:
478:
17:
2620:
1711:
531:
3173:
3456:
2670:
2206:
2171:
1956:
1919:
1812:
1715:
1688:
1602:
1486:
1361:
1260:
1019:
682:
563:
559:
474:
4737:
798:
is the only temple instrument still being used today in the synagogue, and it is only used from
498:(choral concertos) made a cappella adaptations of Venetian-styled pieces, such as the treatise,
379:, reaching its height between the 14th and 16th centuries with compositions by composers in the
4651:
2152:
2144:
1655:
Swedish a cappella choirs have over the last 25 years won around 25% of the annual prestigious
1011:
850:
843:
830:
535:
442:
4300:
790:
The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher
5586:
5317:
4001:
3675:
2694:
2688:
2279:
2270:
2108:
2023:
2019:
2015:
1783:
1771:
1119:
1007:
882:
858:
779:
musical instruments are prohibited. Many Jews consider a portion of the 49-day period of the
741:
409:
380:
111:
4941:
4140:
3597:
1514:
has no official anthem because of views by the Taliban of music as un-Islamic. However, the
5731:
5674:
1875:
1318:
with book, music, and lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez, James-Allen Ford, Russ Kaplan, and
1292:
1240:
1200:
1146:
1101:
780:
711:
657:
555:
437:
utilized the a cappella style in numerous pieces, chief among these were the pieces in the
421:
Other composers that utilized the a cappella style, if only for the occasional piece, were
4992:
2443:
1761:
8:
5721:
3976:
3319:
2054:
2031:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1128:
1070:
894:
768:
763:
575:
458:
454:
450:
3833:
346:
is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the
5355:
5248:
5215:
5207:
4950:
4695:
4002:"Penn Masala Concert Combines Music, Charity, and Culture | Arts | The Harvard Crimson"
3922:
3246:
2275:
2253:
2084:
2027:
1891:
1883:
1871:
995:
878:
587:
543:
422:
271:
67:
4897:
4313:
3141:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale. 2017. pp. 477–481
434:
5468:
5255:
5232:
5219:
5176:
5157:
5138:
5119:
5100:
5076:
5021:
4926:
4918:
4914:
4865:
4846:
4829:
4758:
4703:
4587:
4568:
4551:
4498:
4478:
4459:
3926:
3372:
3238:
3177:
2698:
2538:
2528:
2100:
2092:
1984:
1879:
1562:
1534:
1172:
1090:
1074:
979:
737:
609:
services and other musical events in liturgical churches (such as the Roman Catholic
583:
579:
388:
347:
282:
4702:. Vol. I: A–Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
5726:
5664:
5631:
5536:
5409:
5365:
5350:
5310:
5199:
3951:
3918:
3914:
3362:
3230:
3169:
2334:
2007:
1945:
1915:
1859:
1537:, which was able to perform on national television despite a ban on women singing.
1441:
1403:
1340:
1211:
1046:
901:
854:
503:
392:
384:
351:
319:
246:
192:
134:
106:
3693:
Baily, John (1999). "Afghanistan | Music and the State". In Arnold, Alison (ed.).
5541:
4416:
3626:
3447:"Jerusalem – Jacob Collier (Soundtrack for Beats by Dre: "The Game Starts Here")"
2864:"Library : The Meaning of the Patristic Polemic Against Musical Instruments"
2298:
2291:
2039:
1996:
1863:
1319:
1276:
1264:
1199:
which opened on 28 January 1994, and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by
1188:
1153:
1062:
1031:
983:
776:
430:
414:
358:
into an instrumentally accompanied form, is also usually in a cappella form. The
343:
289:
186:
48:
4398:. Lortel Archives-The Internet Off-Broadway Database. Lortel.org. Archived from
4336:. Lortel Archives-The Internet Off-Broadway Database. Lortel.org. Archived from
3710:
3679:
3649:"Pentatonix Talks Holiday Album, Touring Goals and Teaching A Cappella to Teens"
1195:(theatres in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was
506:. Divine Liturgies and Western Rite Masses composed by famous composers such as
116:
5654:
5626:
5616:
5360:
5092:
5039:
4283:
2393:
2287:
2283:
2080:
2003:
1972:
1854:
It is not clear exactly where collegiate a cappella began. The Rensselyrics of
1645:
1423:
organization encompasses more than 1,200 registered quartets and 600 choruses.
1315:
1284:
1272:
1227:
1134:
1015:
862:
665:
599:
482:
4117:
4094:
3446:
5715:
5576:
5503:
5473:
4673:
4624:
3667:
3570:"Barbershop Harmony Society to 'keep the whole world singing' in Lake George"
3556:
In Transit, Broadway's first a cappella musical, officially opens December 11
3376:
3242:
2542:
2057:
for all groups. In December 2009, a new television competition series called
1963:. Co-ed groups have produced many up-and-coming and major artists, including
1937:
1268:
1244:
1168:
991:
975:
835:
661:
355:
274:
3627:"Barbershop is universal; here are the contacts for our official affiliates"
3604:. Tennessee Department of Economic & Community Development. 13 July 2015
2941:
1525:, as musical instruments are virtually banned as corrupting and un-Islamic.
701:, and are called meeting-houses, where the minister preaches without a gown.
5636:
5601:
5596:
5493:
5387:
5382:
5035:
4807:
2264:
was sung a cappella to the instrumentation on the comedy television series
2179:
2088:
2068:
2059:
1988:
1980:
1933:
1664:
1323:
1280:
1215:
1192:
1003:
999:
987:
940:
814:
799:
687:
677:
567:
331:
62:
3221:
Schluntz, Roger L. (1982). "Design Competitions: For Whose Benefit Now?".
3090:"Silver Trumpets Pierce the Heavens in Prayer Rally Opposite Temple Mount"
2091:. The show returned for a second, third, fourth, and fifth season, won by
429:(A lover's tears at his beloved's grave), which was composed in 1610, and
5700:
5690:
5621:
5561:
5551:
5372:
5055:
4776:
4533:
4490:
4439:
3290:"The Persuasions: Frank Zappa's Pitch Perfect Gift to a Cappella Harmony"
3196:
2329:
2261:
2249:
2148:
2136:
2116:
2011:
1964:
1887:
1867:
1459:
1256:
1248:
1187:
A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of
1123:
1086:
1035:
673:
669:
633:
625:
614:
606:
311:
5278:, Peter Christian Lutkin Papers, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University,
2644:
1474:
5659:
5571:
5546:
5463:
5414:
5392:
5211:
4833:
4762:
4669:"How Smooth Got His McGroove – The Introverted Acapella YouTube Artist"
4555:
4482:
3736:
3250:
2306:
2302:
2220: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2096:
2072:
1960:
1949:
1941:
1826: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1616: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1455:
1375: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1297:
1252:
1157:
1066:
1058:
1050:
1027:
971:
806:
629:
539:
494:
which started appearing in the late 17th century, in what was known as
462:
298:
292:
4028:"Maize Mirchi is first South Asian group to go to ICCA internationals"
3902:
2155:
became the first South Asian group to advance to ICCA finals in 2023.
270:
in English, is music performed by a singer or a singing group without
5606:
5581:
5498:
5483:
4883:. Vol. VI: Me-Nev. New York, NY: Harper and Brothers Publishers.
3668:"Two regimes later, God still great for Afghans: New national anthem"
3367:
2076:
1684:
1673:
1575:
1566:
1223:
1167:
in 2015, an a cappella version of Jerusalem by multi-instrumentalist
1094:
1045:
Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add
1023:
621:
620:) may be a cappella, a practice remaining from apostolic times. Many
595:
488:
Let every thing that hath breath praise the Lord. Praise ye the Lord.
396:
372:
285:
5203:
3234:
2195:
1801:
1700:
1591:
1350:
1104:
that originally included instrumentation. These vocal tracks may be
978:, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The
330:
A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially
5566:
5478:
5402:
5297:
4881:
Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature
4354:
3550:
2115:
the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella – and
1691:, the oldest a cappella group at the University of Oxford in the UK
1550:
438:
335:
72:
4165:
3737:"Strepsils Stereo brings A Capella to Pakistan for the first time"
2158:
The South Asian a cappella competitive circuit is governed by the
825:
5591:
5556:
5508:
5397:
5377:
5116:
The Barbershop Singer: Inside the Social World of a Musical Hobby
3451:
2332:
used an eight-track recorder to produce an a cappella version of
2314:
2310:
1522:
1204:
1161:
905:
810:
772:
400:
376:
339:
4550:. The Way of Life Series. Abilene, TX: Biblical Research Press.
4073:
3903:"Recordings, Technology, and Discourse in Collegiate A Cappella"
2946:
2944:
1207:
as the plot revolved around doo-wop group singers of the 1960s.
1100:
A cappella can also describe the isolated vocal track(s) from a
624:
also conduct some or all of their services without instruments.
5611:
4053:"Association of South-Asian A Cappella | Fusion Through Voices"
3164:
Prieto, Pilar (2014), "The intonational phonology of Catalan",
2338:
including the instruments and fake advertisements on her album
2294:
recreates entire songs using vocal tones for every instrument.
1929:
1668:
choral singing on every school day, a system that started with
1407:
1082:
1078:
1039:
795:
359:
315:
5097:
The Swedish Choral Miracle: Swedish A Capella Music Since 1945
2143:. The first co-ed South Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the
1928:
All-women a cappella groups followed shortly, frequently as a
5695:
5488:
5437:
5432:
4052:
1911:
1109:
1105:
900:
Movements in modern a cappella over the past century include
791:
547:
140:
2446:
in Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, accessed 5 December 2023.
1427:
966:
boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group
5515:
5442:
2397:
2322:
2290:
is famous for his instrumental emulation. A cappella group
1570:
802:
696:
221:
215:
206:
163:
157:
148:
5302:
4828:. Columbia University Dissertations. Columbia University.
4539:
Understanding of the Sacred Writings (Clarke's Commentary)
4119:
Texas A&M Swaram | All American Awaaz 2018 | 1st Place
4096:
Texas A&M Swaram | All American Awaaz 2017 | 1st Place
2369:
List of university a cappella groups in the United Kingdom
1792:
List of university a cappella groups in the United Kingdom
4458:. Vol. I: A-J. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
2364:
List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States
2087:
and was won by an all-male group from Puerto Rico called
2064:
1788:
List of collegiate a cappella groups in the United States
198:
4371:"2010 ARIA Nominations Announced – Full List Here!"
2178:
in 2017 in New York City as well as in 2018 in Chicago.
558:, as well as Conservative Anabaptist groups—such as the
5044:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Archibald Constable and Company.
4879:
M'Clintock, John; Strong, James, eds. (1894). "Music".
4862:
The Temple, the Church Fathers, and Early Western Chant
4620:"Smooth McGroove Leads Us To Final Fantasy VII Victory"
3546:"In Transit, New A Cappella Musical, Opens on Broadway"
2396:(Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli), and the history of
2042:'s Magevet are also gaining popularity across the U.S.
998:
had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of
705:
525:
4582:
Ferguson, Everett; Lewis, Jack P.; West, Earl (1984).
4279:"Singers find sure appeal of Jewish a cappella groups"
3426:"England rugby captain stars in Beats By Dre campaign"
1310:
The fourth a cappella musical to appear Off-Broadway,
2325:
recites "Boots and Cats" when you ask it to beatbox.
1549:
is credited for introducing the art of a cappella in
994:" a cappella. In 1983, an a cappella group known as
230:
203:
195:
172:
145:
137:
4878:
4548:
A Cappella Music in the Public Worship of the Church
3796:"Searching for Songs and Music Videos – voice print"
2777:
2151:. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the
218:
212:
160:
154:
4541:. Vol. VI. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, n.d.
4477:. Searcy, AR: Truth for Today World Mision School.
4203:"Siri drops sick beats when you ask her to beatbox"
3122:
2051:
International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella
1214:, produced and starred in the critically acclaimed
632:, is an a cappella style of religious singing with
209:
151:
5247:
5175:. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press.
5156:. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press.
5137:. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press.
3130:
2470:"Did early humans, or even animals, invent music?"
1458:) and Camp A Cappella in Dayton, Ohio (founded by
4581:
4262:"Chicago a cappella sings music of high holidays"
3139:Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life
2923:
2166:. The first winner of the championship title was
1959:and the contemporary commercial a cappella group
1331:became the first a cappella musical on Broadway.
1314:, premiered October 5, 2010, and was produced by
281:was originally intended to differentiate between
5713:
4925:. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.
4514:"Menaka singers – 'September Song' – Satisfies!"
27:Group or solo singing without instrumental sound
4565:The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement
2525:Music in ancient Judaism and early Christianity
490:In keeping with this philosophy, early Russian
4601:Finkle, David; Bacalzo, Dan (22 August 2006).
3351:"The Affect of Selection in Digital Sound Art"
1226:. That production received a nomination for a
5318:
5245:
4600:
3510:
3151:Minneapolis Community & Technical College
2973:
2961:
2690:A guide to the study of the holiness movement
1866:, which was formed in 1909 and once included
865:was established as an outgrowth of the local
849:An a cappella tradition was begun in 1911 by
4915:"Music and Musical Instruments of the Bible"
4475:Instrumental Music and New Testament Worship
3265:"The Contemporary A Cappella Society (CASA)"
2846:
2844:
2682:
2680:
829:The Hullabahoos, an a cappella group at the
641:musical instruments in the Christian worship
5020:. Avinger, TX: Simpson Publishing Company.
4025:
3168:, Oxford University Press, pp. 43–80,
2139:, an all-male group founded in 1996 at the
1729:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1295:, and has been compared to a cross between
251:
5325:
5311:
4826:The Church Fathers and Musical Instruments
4796:
4647:"On campus, a perfect pitch for pluralism"
3665:
2647:. St. Paul American Coptic Orthodox Church
2499:"What is the oldest known piece of music?"
1533:The first a cappella group in Iran is the
1434:
1304:The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee
399:had further developed, but gradually, the
47:
5170:
5151:
4864:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
4845:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4723:. Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online
4511:
4276:
3878:
3772:
3366:
3174:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567300.003.0003
2841:
2829:
2677:
2631:
2596:
2572:
2236:Learn how and when to remove this message
1842:Learn how and when to remove this message
1749:Learn how and when to remove this message
1676:in 1939 but has spread over the country.
1632:Learn how and when to remove this message
1391:Learn how and when to remove this message
590:, Church of God (Guthrie, Oklahoma), the
5246:Weiss, Piero; Taruskin, Richard (1984).
5189:
5132:
5118:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
5113:
5070:
4859:
4840:
4823:
4666:
4644:
4562:
4545:
3867:
3413:
3220:
3117:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3008:
2935:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2850:
2835:
2812:
2742:
2736:
2584:
2428:
2426:
2185:
1967:, an alumnus of the Counterparts at the
1760:
1683:
824:
354:, up until its development in the early
5268:
5231:(2nd ed.). London: Penguin Books.
5048:
4939:
4896:. Bet El Yeshiva Center. Archived from
4887:
4752:
4693:
4454:Arnold, Denis, ed. (1998). "Cappella".
4259:
4226:
3900:
3889:
3852:
3850:
3614:800 chapters across the U.S. and Canada
3567:
3348:
3106:
3066:
3020:
2771:
2731:
2725:
2659:
2560:
2496:
844:Northwestern University School of Music
820:
636:, usually sung at singing conventions.
427:Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata
14:
5714:
5192:Journal of Research in Music Education
5091:
4990:
4965:
4735:
4716:
4617:
4532:
4489:
4453:
4189:
4026:VanderMolen, Abigail (12 April 2023).
3820:
3783:
3521:
3402:
3163:
2800:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2467:
2455:
2432:
2359:List of professional a cappella groups
1657:European Grand Prix for Choral Singing
986:' first album from his label in 1970.
5306:
5034:
5015:
5003:from the original on 20 November 2012
4968:"Freestyle rap [Freestyling]"
4912:
4769:
4645:Ginsberg, Johanna (4 February 2015).
4512:Chanmugam, Mano (25 September 2010).
4472:
4414:
4393:
3831:
3761:
3692:
3532:
3459:from the original on 22 November 2021
3054:
2996:
2824:
2818:
2754:
2748:
2686:
2423:
2160:Association of South-Asian A Cappella
2036:University of California, Los Angeles
1977:University of California, Los Angeles
1777:
1465:
1220:DRAGAPELLA! Starring the Kinsey Sicks
245:
5226:
5073:"Jewish A Cappella and Sefirat Omer"
4923:Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary
4797:Macpherson, Alex (5 December 2008).
4437:
4368:
4352:
4331:
4311:
4298:
4277:Altshuler, George (3 January 2013).
4200:
3939:
3856:
3847:
3666:Salahuddin, Sayed (18 August 2005).
3543:
3499:
3488:
3477:
3197:"Vocal Area Network Choir Auditions"
2806:
2608:
2602:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2492:
2490:
2218:adding citations to reliable sources
2189:
1975:, an alumna of Awaken A Cappella at
1824:adding citations to reliable sources
1795:
1727:adding citations to reliable sources
1694:
1614:adding citations to reliable sources
1585:
1469:
1373:adding citations to reliable sources
1344:
953:
842:Peter Christian Lutkin, dean of the
706:Acceptance of instruments in worship
526:Opposition to instruments in worship
325:
5285:from the original on 9 October 2022
5272:Biography of Peter Christian Lutkin
5173:The Oxford History of Western Music
5154:The Oxford History of Western Music
5135:The Oxford History of Western Music
4843:Music in Early Christian Literature
4667:Hilliard, Kyle (9 September 2013).
4268:. Chicago, Illinois. Archived from
3840:. p. 18 – via issu.com.
3814:
3696:Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
3330:from the original on 9 October 2022
2341:Petra Haden Sings: The Who Sell Out
1334:
944:and the musical comedy film series
24:
5049:Shapiro, Gary (16 February 2011).
4890:"Mourning Customs During the Omer"
4784:from the original on 18 April 2010
4736:Jacobs, Leonard (24 August 2006).
3568:Burdett, Gillian (19 April 2017).
3393:. Warner Bros Record, 1966. Vinyl.
3223:Journal of Architectural Education
2497:Andrews, Evan (18 December 2015).
2468:Barras, Colin (7 September 2014).
1983:, an alumna of the Rockapellas at
1182:
25:
5773:
5291:
5099:. Chapel Hill, NC: Walton Music.
4456:The New Oxford Companion to Music
3544:Gans, Andrew (11 December 2016).
2549:
2522:
2487:
1679:
893:(Sioux Falls, South Dakota), and
699:without organs that are like ours
468:
5229:The Orthodox Church: New Edition
4991:Perera, Mahes (29 August 2010).
4978:from the original on 27 May 2024
4942:"Critic's Choice – Brandy (
4824:McKinnon, James William (1965).
4757:. Nashville: McQuiddy Print Co.
4618:Futter, Mike (21 October 2013).
4220:
4194:
4183:
4158:
4133:
3977:"Women's a Cappella Association"
3952:"Women's A Cappella Association"
3798:. 4 October 2016. Archived from
2194:
1856:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
1800:
1699:
1590:
1473:
1349:
964:American Federation of Musicians
305:
191:
133:
5051:"Shir Enjoyment of Vocal Music"
4888:Melamed, Rabbi Eliezer (2013).
4772:"Music Reviews: Kelis Acapella"
4110:
4087:
4066:
4045:
4019:
3994:
3969:
3944:
3933:
3894:
3883:
3872:
3861:
3825:
3788:
3777:
3766:
3755:
3729:
3703:
3686:
3659:
3641:
3619:
3590:
3561:
3537:
3526:
3515:
3504:
3493:
3482:
3471:
3439:
3418:
3407:
3396:
3391:The Peter, Paul, and Mary Album
3383:
3342:
3304:
3282:
3257:
3214:
3189:
3157:
3111:
3100:
3082:
3071:
3060:
3048:
3036:
3014:
3002:
2990:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2929:
2924:Ferguson, Lewis & West 1984
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2856:
2760:
2711:
2637:
2625:
2614:
2590:
2404:
2390:regulative principle of worship
2382:
2205:needs additional citations for
2049:) and competitions such as the
2047:Contemporary A Cappella Society
2002:Jewish-interest groups such as
1993:the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones
1954:International Quartet Champions
1811:needs additional citations for
1601:needs additional citations for
1569:to write a cappella pieces for
1360:needs additional citations for
1289:Tommy James & the Shondells
1175:"The Game Starts Here" for the
1152:In 2013, an artist by the name
933:Contemporary A Cappella Society
710:Those who do not adhere to the
572:regulative principle of worship
4966:Pauley, Jared (10 July 2012).
4694:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010).
4567:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
3956:Women's A Cappella Association
3919:10.5406/jamerfolk.125.498.0488
3598:"Finding Harmony in Nashville"
3585:the Society has 22,000 members
2667:Dunkard Brethren Church Polity
2578:
2566:
2516:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2129:
1519:national anthem of Afghanistan
1512:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1505:
1191:that have had commercial runs
747:Reformed Free Methodist Church
408:becoming a major influence on
13:
1:
4770:Levin, Nick (16 April 2010).
4753:Kurfees, Marshall C. (1911).
4252:
4227:Fischer, Jason (2 May 2005).
3832:Smith, Jim H. (Spring 2014).
3349:Chapman, Owen (1 July 2005).
2687:Jones, Charles Edwin (1974).
2673:. 1 November 2021. p. 9.
833:, were featured in the movie
473:In the Byzantine Rite of the
5114:Stebbins, Robert A. (1996).
4584:The Instrumental Music Issue
4318:United Singers International
4129:– via www.youtube.com.
4106:– via www.youtube.com.
3907:Journal of American Folklore
3629:. Barbershop Harmony Society
3389:Stookey, Paul. Liner Notes.
2778:M'Clintock & Strong 1894
2645:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2416:
1670:Adolf Fredrik's Music School
1556:
1420:Sweet Adelines International
914:Sweet Adelines International
853:, a music faculty member at
366:
85:Jewish and Christian worship
7:
5332:
5269:Wittman, Elisabeth (1978),
5254:. New York: Shirmer Books.
5171:Taruskin, Richard (2005b).
5152:Taruskin, Richard (2005a).
4717:Holmes, William C. (2007).
4355:"Who are the Kinsey Sicks?"
4074:"Home - All-American Awaaz"
3842:founded in the 19th century
2693:. Scarecrow Press. p.
2347:
2053:for college groups and the
1942:Tufts University Beelzebubs
1906:Maine Steiners (1958), the
1540:
1141:On their 1966 album titled
751:Evangelical Wesleyan Church
552:Old German Baptist Brethren
544:Old Order Anabaptist groups
522:are fine examples of this.
32:A cappella (disambiguation)
10:
5778:
5670:Sound reinforcement system
5530:Concepts · Techniques
5250:Music in the Western World
5133:Taruskin, Richard (2005).
5075:. Shircago. Archived from
4628:. gamestop. Archived from
4546:Ferguson, Everett (1972).
4369:Anon (28 September 2010).
2354:Lists of a cappella groups
2141:University of Pennsylvania
1969:University of Pennsylvania
1781:
1650:The Swedish Choral Miracle
1413:Barbershop Harmony Society
1338:
910:Barbershop Harmony Society
867:St. John's Lutheran Church
532:Oriental Orthodox Churches
261:in the style of the chapel
29:
5762:Italian words and phrases
5757:21st-century music genres
5752:20th-century music genres
5747:16th-century music genres
5683:
5645:
5529:
5456:
5425:
5338:
4841:McKinnon, James (1989) .
4377:. Take 40. Archived from
3929:– via Project MUSE.
3699:. Vol. 5. Routledge.
3511:Finkle & Bacalzo 2006
2974:Weiss & Taruskin 1984
2962:Weiss & Taruskin 1984
2075:. The show was judged by
1932:of the men's groups: the
1581:
887:Gustavus Adolphus College
877:(Rock Island, Illinois),
757:
602:of Eastern Christianity.
479:Eastern Catholic Churches
266:), less commonly spelled
102:
97:
89:
81:
55:
46:
41:
5041:The Heart of Mid-Lothian
4860:McKinnon, James (1998).
4493:(2009) . "Psalms 33:2".
4473:Bales, James D. (1973).
4440:"Voices Only A Cappella"
4417:"Manaka Singers on song"
3901:Dunchan, Joshua (2012).
3574:The Lake George Examiner
3312:"Judy Collins interview"
2986:2 Chronicles 29:25–29:27
2376:
2172:Texas A&M University
889:(St. Peter, Minnesota),
592:Reformed Free Methodists
570:churches devoted to the
5298:A Cappella Music Awards
4700:Encyclopædia Britannica
4314:"The Yale Whiffenpoofs"
4260:Alleman, Annie (2011).
2868:www.catholicculture.org
2671:Dunkard Brethren Church
2174:, who won 1st place at
1920:University of Rochester
1689:The Oxford Alternotives
1648:in his doctoral thesis
1528:
1435:Amateur and high school
1233:The a cappella musical
1177:England Rugby World Cup
1020:Huey Lewis and the News
1002:'s (known in the US as
873:(Moorhead, Minnesota),
683:The Heart of Midlothian
564:Conservative Mennonites
560:Dunkard Brethren Church
542:communities (including
500:Grammatika musikiyskaya
475:Eastern Orthodox Church
5227:Ware, Timothy (1997).
4999:. Colombo, Sri Lanka.
4913:Olson, Lee G. (1967).
4652:New Jersey Jewish News
4586:. Gospel Advocate Co.
3653:The Hollywood Reporter
2153:University of Michigan
2145:University of Maryland
1766:
1692:
1012:The Manhattan Transfer
863:St. Olaf College Choir
851:F. Melius Christiansen
839:
831:University of Virginia
536:Coptic Orthodox Church
516:Alexander Arkhangelsky
412:, most notably in the
5742:Medieval music genres
4940:Pareles, Jon (2008).
4495:Calvin's Commentaries
4299:Anon (11 June 1993).
3455:. 22 September 2015.
2767:2 Chronicles 29:25–29
2271:The New Addams Family
2186:Emulating instruments
2109:Vanderbilt University
2024:Ohio State University
2020:Binghamton University
2016:University of Chicago
1910:Kingsmen (1949), the
1784:Collegiate a cappella
1772:The Voice Festival UK
1764:
1687:
962:, as a result of the
881:(Forest City, Iowa),
859:Northfield, Minnesota
828:
762:While worship in the
742:Free Methodist Church
425:and his masterpiece,
381:Franco-Flemish school
247:[akkapˈpɛlla]
112:collegiate a cappella
5457:Voice classification
5016:Price, John (2005).
4681:on 12 September 2013
4520:. Colombo, Sri Lanka
4425:. Colombo, Sri Lanka
3166:Prosodic Typology II
2523:Smith, John Arthur.
2214:improve this article
2018:'s Rhythm and Jews,
1820:improve this article
1723:improve this section
1610:improve this article
1369:improve this article
1293:The Partridge Family
1201:Playwrights Horizons
1147:Peter, Paul and Mary
1102:multitrack recording
821:In the United States
781:counting of the omer
712:regulative principle
658:Protestant Reformers
644:Christians to sing.
576:Old Regular Baptists
556:Old Order Mennonites
30:For other uses, see
5737:Musical terminology
5521:Non-classical music
5426:Forms · Genres
4272:on 24 January 2012.
4201:Domanico, Anthony.
3320:Library of Congress
3133:Norwegian Americans
2745:, pp. 263, 265
2527:. Farnham, Surrey.
2055:Harmony Sweepstakes
2032:New York University
1908:Columbia University
1904:University of Maine
895:Augsburg University
805:through the end of
764:Temple in Jerusalem
512:Sergei Rachmaninoff
496:khorovïye kontsertï
445:. Five of Schutz's
90:Typical instruments
5356:Extended technique
5079:on 1 February 2013
4951:The New York Times
4919:Tenney, Merrill C.
4632:on 21 October 2013
4305:The New York Times
4032:The Michigan Daily
4006:www.thecrimson.com
2951:2 Chronicles 29:25
2392:(Ulrich Zwingli),
2282:). Groups such as
2276:Fox Family Channel
2254:The Mills Brothers
2176:All-American Awaaz
2164:All-American Awaaz
2085:Nicole Scherzinger
2028:Rutgers University
1892:Cornell University
1884:Harvard University
1872:Colgate University
1778:Western collegiate
1767:
1693:
1485:. You can help by
1466:In other countries
1055:Straight No Chaser
996:The Flying Pickets
879:Waldorf University
840:
588:Churches of Christ
580:Primitive Baptists
423:Claudio Monteverdi
68:Gregorian chanting
5709:
5708:
5106:978-0-9703134-0-9
5071:Shircago (2013).
4972:oxfordmusiconline
4738:"Perfect Harmony"
4709:978-1-59339-837-8
4381:on 2 October 2010
4375:MCM Entertainment
4266:Chicago Sun times
4145:www.instagram.com
3834:"Perfect Harmony"
3802:on 4 October 2016
3323:. 12 April 2017.
2902:, pp. 52, 53
2313:community, where
2246:
2245:
2238:
2168:Swaram A Cappella
2026:'s Meshuganotes,
1985:Dartmouth College
1957:The Boston Common
1882:'s Aires (1946),
1880:Dartmouth College
1852:
1851:
1844:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1565:became the first
1563:Dinesh Subasinghe
1545:The musical show
1535:Damour Vocal Band
1521:is an a cappella
1503:
1502:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1171:was selected for
968:The Song Spinners
954:Recording artists
891:Augustana College
885:(Decorah, Iowa),
875:Augustana College
871:Concordia College
738:Holiness Churches
584:Plymouth Brethren
520:Mykola Leontovych
508:Peter Tchaikovsky
389:Johannes Ockeghem
326:Religious origins
125:
124:
56:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
5769:
5665:Pitch correction
5632:Vocal resonation
5410:Vocal percussion
5366:Overtone singing
5351:Bathroom singing
5327:
5320:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5286:
5284:
5277:
5265:
5253:
5242:
5223:
5186:
5167:
5148:
5129:
5110:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5045:
5031:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4993:"September Song"
4987:
4985:
4983:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4936:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4884:
4875:
4856:
4837:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4766:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4713:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4677:. Archived from
4663:
4661:
4659:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4597:
4578:
4559:
4542:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4508:
4486:
4469:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4422:The Sunday Times
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:on 21 March 2012
4390:
4388:
4386:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4340:on 21 March 2012
4328:
4326:
4324:
4308:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4273:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4198:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3948:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3913:(498): 488–502.
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3838:Trinity Reporter
3829:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3743:. 11 August 2017
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3541:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3422:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3368:10.5204/mcj.2357
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3316:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3148:
3146:
3136:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3096:. 23 March 2016.
3086:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3045:, pp. 39–41
3040:
3034:
3029:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2547:
2546:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2430:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2386:
2335:The Who Sell Out
2241:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2198:
2190:
2038:'s Jewkbox, and
2030:'s Kol Halayla,
2008:Tufts University
1946:vocal percussion
1918:(1949), and the
1916:Brown University
1896:Cayuga's Waiters
1860:The Whiffenpoofs
1847:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1804:
1796:
1754:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1703:
1695:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1594:
1586:
1547:Strepsils Stereo
1498:
1495:
1477:
1470:
1404:Barbershop music
1396:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1353:
1345:
1341:Barbershop music
1335:Barbershop style
1212:The Kinsey Sicks
1160:music tracks on
1047:vocal percussion
855:St. Olaf College
678:Sir Walter Scott
672:(1509–1564) and
504:Nikolai Diletsky
393:Josquin des Prez
385:Guillaume Du Fay
320:Seikilos epitaph
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
249:
244:
237:
233:
228:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
190:
179:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
127:Music performed
107:Barbershop music
82:Cultural origins
51:
39:
38:
21:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5679:
5675:Monitor speaker
5648:(popular music)
5647:
5646:Sound equipment
5641:
5525:
5452:
5421:
5334:
5331:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5262:
5239:
5204:10.2307/3344375
5183:
5164:
5145:
5126:
5107:
5093:Sparks, Richard
5082:
5080:
5061:
5059:
5028:
5006:
5004:
4997:Sunday Observer
4981:
4979:
4956:
4954:
4933:
4903:
4901:
4900:on 14 June 2007
4872:
4853:
4814:
4812:
4787:
4785:
4743:
4741:
4726:
4724:
4710:
4684:
4682:
4657:
4655:
4635:
4633:
4608:
4606:
4594:
4575:
4523:
4521:
4505:
4497:. Vol. 8.
4466:
4444:
4442:
4428:
4426:
4405:
4403:
4384:
4382:
4359:
4357:
4343:
4341:
4322:
4320:
4289:
4287:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4234:Under the Radar
4225:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4199:
4195:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4101:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3938:
3934:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3873:
3866:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3691:
3687:
3674:. pp. A2.
3664:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3578:
3576:
3566:
3562:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3494:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3384:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3235:10.2307/1424700
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3162:
3158:
3144:
3142:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3094:JewishPress.com
3088:
3087:
3083:
3078:Numbers 10:1–10
3076:
3072:
3065:
3061:
3053:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2761:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2685:
2678:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2550:
2535:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2495:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2350:
2299:Swingle Singers
2292:Naturally Seven
2266:Tompkins Square
2242:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2211:
2199:
2188:
2132:
2040:Yale University
1997:Harvard College
1991:, an alumna of
1864:Yale University
1848:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1817:
1805:
1794:
1782:Main articles:
1780:
1755:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1720:
1704:
1682:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1607:
1595:
1584:
1559:
1543:
1531:
1508:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1483:needs expansion
1468:
1437:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1366:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1320:Sara Wordsworth
1277:The Temptations
1236:Perfect Harmony
1189:musical theatre
1185:
1183:Musical theatre
1154:Smooth McGroove
1097:accompaniment.
1063:The House Jacks
1032:Backstreet Boys
984:The Persuasions
956:
823:
777:the Three Weeks
760:
708:
686:, the heroine,
528:
471:
435:Heinrich Schütz
431:Andrea Gabrieli
415:Mass in B Minor
369:
344:Gregorian chant
328:
308:
263:
260:
257:
254:
242:
235:
231:
202:
194:
185:
184:
177:
173:
144:
136:
132:
121:
77:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5775:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5655:In-ear monitor
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5627:Vocal register
5624:
5619:
5617:Vocal pedagogy
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5417:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5361:Throat singing
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5293:
5292:External links
5290:
5288:
5287:
5266:
5261:978-0028729008
5260:
5243:
5238:978-0140146561
5237:
5224:
5198:(4): 227–238.
5187:
5181:
5168:
5162:
5149:
5143:
5130:
5124:
5111:
5105:
5089:
5068:
5046:
5032:
5027:978-1881095019
5026:
5013:
4988:
4963:
4937:
4932:978-0310331605
4931:
4910:
4894:yeshiva.org.il
4885:
4876:
4871:978-0860786887
4870:
4857:
4851:
4838:
4821:
4794:
4767:
4750:
4733:
4714:
4708:
4691:
4664:
4642:
4615:
4605:. TheaterMania
4598:
4593:978-0892252954
4592:
4579:
4573:
4560:
4543:
4530:
4509:
4504:978-0801013317
4503:
4487:
4470:
4464:
4451:
4435:
4415:Anon (2010b).
4412:
4394:Anon (2010a).
4391:
4366:
4350:
4329:
4309:
4296:
4274:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4219:
4193:
4182:
4157:
4132:
4109:
4086:
4065:
4044:
4018:
3993:
3968:
3943:
3932:
3893:
3882:
3879:Altshuler 2013
3871:
3860:
3846:
3824:
3813:
3787:
3776:
3773:Chanmugam 2010
3765:
3754:
3728:
3702:
3685:
3658:
3640:
3618:
3589:
3560:
3536:
3525:
3514:
3503:
3492:
3481:
3470:
3438:
3417:
3406:
3395:
3382:
3341:
3303:
3281:
3256:
3213:
3188:
3183:978-0199567300
3182:
3156:
3121:
3110:
3099:
3081:
3070:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3024:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2978:
2966:
2954:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2855:
2840:
2828:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2782:
2770:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2724:
2710:
2704:978-0810807037
2703:
2676:
2658:
2636:
2632:Taruskin 2005b
2624:
2613:
2601:
2597:Taruskin 2005a
2589:
2577:
2573:Taruskin 2005a
2565:
2548:
2534:978-1409421610
2533:
2515:
2486:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2394:Sola scriptura
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2349:
2346:
2328:Jazz vocalist
2288:Bobby McFerrin
2284:Vocal Sampling
2244:
2243:
2202:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2131:
2128:
2111:respectively.
2081:Shawn Stockman
2034:'s Ani V'Ata,
2004:Queens College
1973:Sara Bareilles
1876:The Colgate 13
1850:
1849:
1808:
1806:
1799:
1779:
1776:
1757:
1756:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1681:
1680:United Kingdom
1678:
1646:Richard Sparks
1640:
1639:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1558:
1555:
1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1464:
1436:
1433:
1399:
1398:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1339:Main article:
1336:
1333:
1316:Primary Stages
1285:The Commodores
1273:The Pretenders
1228:Lucille Lortel
1222:at New York's
1184:
1181:
1135:The Grey Album
1016:Bobby McFerrin
980:King's Singers
955:
952:
883:Luther College
822:
819:
759:
756:
730:
729:
725:
707:
704:
703:
702:
666:Ulrich Zwingli
618:Divine Service
600:Byzantine Rite
527:
524:
483:Kallistos Ware
470:
469:Byzantine Rite
467:
368:
365:
327:
324:
307:
304:
123:
122:
120:
119:
114:
109:
103:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
76:
75:
70:
65:
59:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5774:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:Miscellaneous
5682:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5537:Backup vocals
5535:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5504:Mezzo-soprano
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5474:Bass-baritone
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:Singing types
5337:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5281:
5274:
5273:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5184:
5182:0-19-522272-5
5178:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5163:0-19-522271-7
5159:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5144:0-19-522270-9
5140:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5125:0-8020-0844-5
5121:
5117:
5112:
5108:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5078:
5074:
5069:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5036:Scott, Walter
5033:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4989:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4964:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4945:
4938:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4873:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4852:0-521-37624-6
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4802:
4795:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4739:
4734:
4722:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4674:Game Informer
4670:
4665:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4625:Game Informer
4621:
4616:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4576:
4574:0-8028-3898-7
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4467:
4465:0-19-311316-3
4461:
4457:
4452:
4441:
4438:Anon (2014).
4436:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4401:
4397:
4392:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4356:
4353:Anon (2008).
4351:
4339:
4335:
4332:Anon (2002).
4330:
4319:
4315:
4312:Anon (1999).
4310:
4306:
4302:
4301:"Last Chance"
4297:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4186:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3941:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3868:Ginsberg 2015
3864:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3758:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3672:National Post
3669:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3628:
3622:
3615:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3586:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3540:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3414:Hilliard 2013
3410:
3404:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3345:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3292:. Trunkworthy
3291:
3285:
3270:
3269:www.music.org
3266:
3260:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3119:
3118:van Camp 1965
3114:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3063:
3057:, p. 562
3056:
3051:
3044:
3043:Ferguson 1972
3039:
3033:
3032:Shircago 2013
3028:
3022:
3017:
3010:
3009:McKinnon 1998
3005:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2982:
2976:, p. 109
2975:
2970:
2964:, p. 107
2963:
2958:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2936:McKinnon 1989
2932:
2926:, p. 109
2925:
2920:
2913:
2912:Ferguson 1972
2908:
2901:
2900:Ferguson 1972
2896:
2889:
2888:Ferguson 1972
2884:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2852:
2851:McKinnon 1998
2847:
2845:
2837:
2836:McKinnon 1989
2832:
2826:
2821:
2815:, p. 414
2814:
2813:Ferguson 2004
2809:
2803:, p. 684
2802:
2797:
2791:
2786:
2780:, p. 762
2779:
2774:
2768:
2763:
2757:, p. 351
2756:
2751:
2744:
2743:McKinnon 1965
2739:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2714:
2706:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2646:
2640:
2634:, p. 234
2633:
2628:
2622:
2617:
2611:, p. 268
2610:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2587:, p. 780
2586:
2585:Taruskin 2005
2581:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2458:, p. 314
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2258:Twilight Zone
2255:
2251:
2240:
2237:
2229:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2203:This section
2201:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2105:The Melodores
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2022:'s Kaskeset,
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:'s Tizmoret,
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:Smith College
1935:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1923:YellowJackets
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:The Hangovers
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1846:
1843:
1835:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1809:This section
1807:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1750:
1742:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1708:This section
1706:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1599:This section
1597:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1481:This section
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:Pitch Perfect
1444:
1443:
1432:
1429:
1428:Harmony, Inc.
1424:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1392:
1384:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:This section
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:The Romantics
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:The Jackson 5
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Jacob Collier
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:Amazing Grace
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Four Freshmen
973:
969:
965:
961:
951:
949:
948:
947:Pitch Perfect
943:
942:
936:
934:
929:
925:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
838:
837:
836:Pitch Perfect
832:
827:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
793:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
765:
755:
752:
748:
743:
739:
734:
726:
722:
721:
720:
716:
713:
700:
698:
693:
692:
691:
689:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:(1483–1546),
663:
662:Martin Luther
659:
653:
649:
645:
642:
639:Opponents of
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
546:—such as the
545:
541:
537:
534:(such as the
533:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
480:
476:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
419:
417:
416:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
306:Early history
303:
301:
300:
294:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
275:accompaniment
273:
269:
248:
240:
239:
226:
188:
182:
181:
168:
130:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5637:Vocal weight
5602:Sprechgesang
5597:Scat singing
5494:Countertenor
5388:Sign singing
5383:Scat singing
5345:
5271:
5249:
5228:
5195:
5191:
5172:
5153:
5134:
5115:
5096:
5081:. Retrieved
5077:the original
5060:. Retrieved
5054:
5040:
5017:
5005:. Retrieved
4996:
4980:. Retrieved
4971:
4955:. Retrieved
4949:
4943:
4922:
4902:. Retrieved
4898:the original
4893:
4880:
4861:
4842:
4825:
4813:. Retrieved
4808:The Guardian
4806:
4800:
4786:. Retrieved
4775:
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4727:21 September
4725:. Retrieved
4719:
4699:
4696:"A Cappella"
4683:. Retrieved
4679:the original
4672:
4656:. Retrieved
4650:
4634:. Retrieved
4630:the original
4623:
4607:. Retrieved
4583:
4564:
4547:
4537:
4534:Clarke, Adam
4522:. Retrieved
4517:
4494:
4491:Calvin, John
4474:
4455:
4443:. Retrieved
4427:. Retrieved
4420:
4404:. Retrieved
4400:the original
4396:"In Transit"
4383:. Retrieved
4379:the original
4374:
4358:. Retrieved
4342:. Retrieved
4338:the original
4323:14 September
4321:. Retrieved
4317:
4304:
4288:. Retrieved
4282:
4270:the original
4265:
4238:. Retrieved
4232:
4222:
4210:. Retrieved
4206:
4196:
4185:
4173:. Retrieved
4169:
4160:
4148:. Retrieved
4144:
4135:
4123:. Retrieved
4118:
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4095:
4089:
4077:. Retrieved
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4031:
4021:
4009:. Retrieved
4005:
3996:
3984:. Retrieved
3981:Lisa Forkish
3980:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3955:
3946:
3935:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3890:Shapiro 2011
3885:
3874:
3863:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3800:the original
3790:
3779:
3768:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3717:(in Persian)
3714:
3705:
3695:
3688:
3671:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3621:
3613:
3606:. Retrieved
3601:
3592:
3584:
3577:. Retrieved
3573:
3563:
3555:
3549:
3539:
3528:
3517:
3506:
3495:
3484:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3450:
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3420:
3409:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3318:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3268:
3259:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3165:
3159:
3149:– via
3145:24 September
3143:. Retrieved
3138:
3132:
3129:"Americas".
3124:
3113:
3107:Wittman 1978
3102:
3093:
3084:
3073:
3067:Alleman 2011
3062:
3050:
3038:
3027:
3021:Melamed 2013
3016:
3011:, p. 85
3004:
2999:, p. 68
2992:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2931:
2919:
2914:, p. 88
2907:
2895:
2890:, p. 74
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:
2858:
2853:, p. 72
2831:
2820:
2808:
2796:
2785:
2773:
2762:
2750:
2738:
2732:Kurfees 1911
2727:
2713:
2689:
2666:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2639:
2627:
2621:Psalms 150:6
2616:
2604:
2599:, p. 73
2592:
2580:
2568:
2561:Hoiberg 2010
2524:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:
2477:. Retrieved
2473:
2463:
2451:
2444:"A cappella"
2439:
2406:
2384:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2296:
2269:
2265:
2247:
2232:
2223:
2212:Please help
2207:verification
2204:
2180:Dhamakapella
2157:
2133:
2124:
2121:
2113:
2069:Epic Records
2060:The Sing-Off
2058:
2044:
2001:
1989:Mira Sorvino
1981:Mindy Kaling
1934:Smiffenpoofs
1927:
1902:(1968), the
1853:
1838:
1829:
1818:Please help
1813:verification
1810:
1768:
1745:
1736:
1721:Please help
1709:
1665:Eric Ericson
1661:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1628:
1619:
1608:Please help
1603:verification
1600:
1560:
1546:
1544:
1532:
1515:
1509:
1491:
1487:adding to it
1482:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1425:
1417:
1402:
1387:
1378:
1367:Please help
1362:verification
1359:
1328:
1324:Chesney Snow
1311:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1281:The Contours
1235:
1232:
1219:
1216:off-Broadway
1209:
1196:
1193:Off-Broadway
1186:
1173:Beats by Dre
1166:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1120:Danger Mouse
1113:
1099:
1044:
988:Judy Collins
967:
957:
945:
941:The Sing-Off
939:
937:
930:
926:
899:
848:
841:
834:
815:Western Wall
800:Rosh Chodesh
789:
784:
769:cantillation
761:
740:such as the
735:
731:
717:
709:
695:
688:Jeanie Deans
681:
660:, including
654:
650:
646:
638:
628:, a type of
604:
568:Presbyterian
529:
499:
495:
491:
487:
472:
446:
426:
420:
413:
370:
332:church music
329:
309:
297:
278:
272:instrumental
267:
128:
126:
117:puirt à beul
63:Church music
36:
5732:Vocal music
5701:Vocal coach
5691:Vocal music
5622:Vocal range
5577:Lead vocals
5562:Death growl
5552:Chest voice
5373:Oversinging
5056:The Forward
4777:Digital Spy
4740:. Backstage
4685:16 February
4636:16 February
4190:Pauley 2012
4170:Naturally 7
4141:"Instagram"
3821:Sparks 2000
3784:Perera 2010
3522:Jacobs 2006
3403:Futter 2013
3355:M/C Journal
3201:www.van.org
2938:, p. 7
2838:, p. 2
2801:Clarke 1844
2790:Calvin 2009
2575:, p. 6
2563:, p. 1
2474:www.bbc.com
2456:Arnold 1998
2433:Holmes 2007
2330:Petra Haden
2262:2 Unlimited
2250:vocal cords
2149:UC Berkeley
2137:Penn Masala
2130:South Asian
2117:Deke Sharon
2012:Shir Appeal
1965:John Legend
1912:Jabberwocks
1898:(1949) and
1888:Krokodiloes
1868:Cole Porter
1506:Afghanistan
1460:Deke Sharon
1257:Marvin Gaye
1249:Pat Benatar
1241:Theatre Row
1129:White Album
1124:the Beatles
1122:mixed with
1115:Black Album
1036:Boyz II Men
674:John Wesley
670:John Calvin
634:shape notes
626:Sacred Harp
607:high church
502:(1675), by
443:the Passion
348:Renaissance
334:as well as
318:called the
312:sheet music
283:Renaissance
277:. The term
5722:A cappella
5716:Categories
5660:Microphone
5572:Head voice
5547:Coloratura
5464:Voice type
5415:Beatboxing
5393:Sing-along
5346:A cappella
5062:18 January
4982:22 October
4834:B001F2LQJ6
4815:2 February
4763:B00088QFHQ
4720:A cappella
4658:18 January
4609:30 January
4556:B001D08SDM
4518:The Island
4483:B0006CBMTU
4334:"Avenue X"
4290:18 January
4253:References
3961:4 February
3762:Anon 2010b
3747:9 December
3721:20 January
3633:2 December
3608:2 December
3579:2 December
3533:Anon 2010a
3296:2 December
3229:(4): 2–9.
3055:Olson 1967
2997:Price 2005
2825:Scott 1818
2755:Bales 1973
2307:Beatboxing
2274:series on
2097:Pentatonix
2073:Sony Music
1961:Rockapella
1950:beatboxing
1567:Sri Lankan
1456:Avi Kaplan
1329:In Transit
1312:In Transit
1298:Altar Boyz
1253:Billy Idol
1179:campaign.
1158:video game
1132:to create
1095:polyphonic
1067:Rockapella
1059:Pentatonix
1051:beatboxing
1028:The Nylons
990:recorded "
972:The Hi-Los
902:barbershop
807:Yom Kippur
630:folk music
622:Mennonites
598:, and the
596:Doukhobors
540:Anabaptist
463:plainchant
406:Palestrina
299:alla breve
293:concertato
279:a cappella
129:a cappella
42:A cappella
5607:Tessitura
5582:Passaggio
5499:Contralto
5484:Baritenor
5220:220635936
4957:2 January
4904:3 January
4799:"Brandy:
3986:2 October
3940:Anon 2014
3927:162252124
3857:Anon 1999
3715:نامه نیوز
3680:330335766
3602:tnecd.com
3500:Anon 2008
3489:Anon 1993
3478:Anon 2002
3377:1441-2616
3243:0149-2993
2609:Ware 1997
2543:715159344
2417:Footnotes
2344:in 2005.
2101:Home Free
2093:Committed
2077:Ben Folds
2063:aired on
1710:does not
1674:Stockholm
1652:in 2000.
1576:Sri Lanka
1561:Composer
1557:Sri Lanka
1224:Studio 54
1210:In 2001,
1091:Acappella
1075:Home Free
1024:All-4-One
960:July 1943
447:Historien
397:polyphony
383:(such as
373:polyphony
367:Christian
286:polyphony
268:a capella
98:Subgenres
73:madrigals
18:A capella
5567:Falsetto
5557:Crooning
5479:Baritone
5448:Vocables
5403:Lip sync
5280:archived
5095:(2000).
5038:(1818).
5007:27 April
5001:Archived
4976:Archived
4811:. London
4788:17 April
4782:Archived
4744:17 April
4536:(1844).
4524:27 April
4429:27 April
4240:18 April
4150:28 April
4125:30 April
4102:30 April
4079:30 April
4058:30 April
4037:30 April
4011:30 April
3806:19 March
3676:ProQuest
3551:Playbill
3457:Archived
3325:Archived
3153:Library.
2508:21 April
2479:23 April
2348:See also
2280:Freeform
2226:May 2014
1925:(1956).
1890:(1946),
1878:(1942),
1832:May 2014
1739:May 2014
1622:May 2014
1551:Pakistan
1541:Pakistan
1516:de facto
1494:May 2013
1381:May 2018
1197:Avenue X
1118:, which
1008:Only You
974:and the
922:quartets
918:choruses
811:trumpets
615:Lutheran
613:and the
605:Certain
566:), some
538:), many
477:and the
439:oratorio
352:madrigal
336:anasheed
243:Italian:
5727:Singing
5592:Rapping
5587:Quintus
5542:Belting
5509:Soprano
5398:Karaoke
5378:Rapping
5333:Singing
5212:3344375
4921:(ed.).
4445:31 July
4284:Jweekly
3463:28 June
3452:YouTube
3431:28 June
3334:17 June
3274:14 June
3251:1424700
3206:14 June
2651:28 July
2503:HISTORY
2311:hip-hop
2303:ad libs
1731:removed
1716:sources
1523:nasheed
1265:Tiffany
1261:Scandal
1205:doo-wop
1162:YouTube
1106:remixed
906:doo wop
787:music.
785:sefirah
773:zemirot
451:Matthew
401:cantata
377:organum
356:Baroque
340:zemirot
290:Baroque
255:
5612:Timbre
5433:Choral
5258:
5235:
5218:
5210:
5179:
5160:
5141:
5122:
5103:
5083:11 May
5024:
4929:
4868:
4849:
4832:
4761:
4706:
4590:
4571:
4554:
4501:
4481:
4462:
4406:28 May
4385:28 May
4360:11 May
4344:28 May
4175:19 May
4166:"Home"
3925:
3678:
3375:
3249:
3241:
3180:
2873:19 May
2701:
2541:
2531:
2103:, and
2083:, and
1987:, and
1930:parody
1790:, and
1582:Sweden
1408:barber
1083:Take 6
1079:M-pact
1071:Mosaic
1040:*NSYNC
1038:, and
908:. The
861:. The
796:shofar
758:Jewish
518:, and
492:musika
391:, and
360:Psalms
350:. The
316:Greece
5696:Choir
5489:Tenor
5438:Opera
5283:(PDF)
5276:(PDF)
5216:S2CID
5208:JSTOR
4944:Human
4917:. In
4801:Human
4212:4 May
3923:S2CID
3361:(3).
3328:(PDF)
3315:(PDF)
3247:JSTOR
2377:Notes
2301:used
2278:(now
2260:" by
2107:from
1218:hit,
1143:Album
1110:Jay-Z
1000:Yazoo
792:Philo
736:Some
697:kirks
548:Amish
189:also
5516:Fach
5469:Bass
5443:Lied
5256:ISBN
5233:ISBN
5177:ISBN
5158:ISBN
5139:ISBN
5120:ISBN
5101:ISBN
5085:2013
5064:2016
5022:ISBN
5009:2012
4984:2014
4959:2010
4927:ISBN
4906:2009
4866:ISBN
4847:ISBN
4830:ASIN
4817:2009
4790:2010
4759:ASIN
4746:2013
4729:2008
4704:ISBN
4687:2014
4660:2016
4638:2014
4611:2013
4588:ISBN
4569:ISBN
4552:ASIN
4526:2012
4499:ISBN
4479:ASIN
4460:ISBN
4447:2014
4431:2012
4408:2011
4387:2011
4362:2013
4346:2011
4325:2007
4292:2016
4242:2024
4214:2020
4207:CNET
4177:2024
4152:2024
4127:2024
4104:2024
4081:2024
4060:2024
4039:2024
4013:2024
3988:2022
3963:2016
3808:2018
3749:2017
3741:Dawn
3723:2022
3635:2017
3610:2017
3581:2017
3465:2016
3433:2016
3373:ISSN
3336:2021
3298:2017
3276:2019
3239:ISSN
3208:2019
3178:ISBN
3147:2018
2875:2024
2699:ISBN
2653:2020
2539:OCLC
2529:ISBN
2510:2020
2481:2020
2398:hymn
2323:Siri
2297:The
2089:Nota
1714:any
1712:cite
1571:SATB
1529:Iran
1510:The
1445:and
1442:Glee
1301:and
1291:and
1089:and
1087:Glad
1077:and
931:The
920:and
904:and
803:Elul
749:and
611:Mass
562:and
459:John
457:and
455:Luke
410:Bach
371:The
338:and
288:and
252:lit.
93:none
5200:doi
3915:doi
3911:125
3363:doi
3231:doi
3170:doi
2695:685
2315:rap
2216:by
2170:at
2065:NBC
2010:'s
1995:of
1936:of
1914:of
1894:'s
1886:'s
1874:'s
1862:of
1822:by
1725:by
1672:in
1612:by
1489:.
1371:by
1112:'s
1049:or
1006:) "
1004:Yaz
958:In
857:in
680:'s
236:PEL
178:PEL
176:kə-
5718::
5214:.
5206:.
5196:13
5194:.
5053:.
4995:.
4974:.
4970:.
4948:.
4946:)"
4892:.
4805:.
4780:.
4774:.
4698:.
4671:.
4649:.
4622:.
4516:.
4419:.
4373:.
4316:.
4303:.
4281:.
4264:.
4231:.
4205:.
4168:.
4143:.
4030:.
4004:.
3979:.
3954:.
3921:.
3909:.
3905:.
3849:^
3836:.
3739:.
3713:.
3670:.
3651:.
3612:.
3600:.
3583:.
3572:.
3554:.
3548:.
3449:.
3371:.
3357:.
3353:.
3317:.
3267:.
3245:.
3237:.
3227:35
3225:.
3199:.
3176:,
3137:.
3092:.
2943:^
2866:.
2843:^
2697:.
2679:^
2669:.
2551:^
2537:.
2501:.
2489:^
2472:.
2425:^
2099:,
2095:,
2079:,
2014:,
1999:.
1979:,
1971:,
1948:/"
1786:,
1774:.
1578:.
1553:.
1307:.
1287:,
1283:,
1279:,
1275:,
1271:,
1267:,
1263:,
1259:,
1255:,
1251:,
1247:,
1164:.
1145:,
1138:.
1126:'
1085:,
1073:,
1069:,
1065:,
1061:,
1057:,
1042:.
1034:,
1030:,
1026:,
1022:,
1018:,
1014:,
950:.
924:.
912:,
817:.
668:,
594:,
586:,
582:,
578:,
574:,
554:,
550:,
514:,
510:,
465:.
453:,
418:.
387:,
342:.
322:.
302:.
250:;
241:,
238:-ə
234:ə-
232:AK
187:UK
183:,
180:-ə
174:AH
141:ɑː
5326:e
5319:t
5312:v
5264:.
5241:.
5222:.
5202::
5185:.
5166:.
5147:.
5128:.
5109:.
5087:.
5066:.
5030:.
5011:.
4986:.
4961:.
4935:.
4908:.
4874:.
4855:.
4836:.
4819:.
4803:"
4792:.
4765:.
4748:.
4731:.
4712:.
4689:.
4662:.
4640:.
4613:.
4596:.
4577:.
4558:.
4528:.
4507:.
4485:.
4468:.
4449:.
4433:.
4410:.
4389:.
4364:.
4348:.
4327:.
4307:.
4294:.
4244:.
4216:.
4179:.
4154:.
4083:.
4062:.
4041:.
4015:.
3990:.
3965:.
3917::
3810:.
3751:.
3725:.
3682:.
3655:.
3637:.
3467:.
3435:.
3379:.
3365::
3359:8
3338:.
3300:.
3278:.
3253:.
3233::
3210:.
3172::
2877:.
2721:.
2707:.
2655:.
2545:.
2512:.
2483:.
2239:)
2233:(
2228:)
2224:(
2210:.
2071:/
1845:)
1839:(
1834:)
1830:(
1816:.
1752:)
1746:(
1741:)
1737:(
1733:.
1719:.
1635:)
1629:(
1624:)
1620:(
1606:.
1496:)
1492:(
1394:)
1388:(
1383:)
1379:(
1365:.
264:'
258:'
225:/
222:ə
219:l
216:ɛ
213:p
210:ˈ
207:ə
204:k
199:æ
196:ˌ
193:/
167:/
164:ə
161:l
158:ɛ
155:p
152:ˈ
149:ə
146:k
138:ˌ
135:/
131:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.