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Yelü Bei

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451:) temporarily in charge at Dongdan. Once then returned to Linhuang, she wanted to divert the succession away from Yelü Bei, as she had favored Yelü Deguang. However, formally, she called an assembly of the chieftains, along with Yelü Bei and Yelü Deguang, and stated to them, "I love both of my sons, and I do not know which one to make emperor. You can decide which one you wish to support by holding his rein." The chieftains, knowing that she favored Yelü Deguang, rushed to him and held to his rein. She thereafter declared him emperor (as Emperor Taizong). Yelü Bei, angry over this turn of events, took several hundred soldiers and wanted to flee to Later Tang (Jin's successor state), but was intercepted by Khitan border guards. Empress Shulü (now 546:'s, Lady Xia, to Li Zanhua to be his new wife, and he also was lenient toward Li Zanhua such that even when Li Zanhua committed offenses, he would not punish Li Zanhua. However, it was said that Li Zanhua was cruel toward his concubines and servants – as he liked to drink blood, his concubines often had to injure themselves so that they would bleed for him to drink, and the servants would often suffer severe punishments, including having their eyes gouged out, being cut by swords, or being burnt by fire, for minor faults. Lady Xia eventually could not endure seeing this and, after requesting permission from Emperor Mingzong, divorced Li Zanhua and became a 497: 526:), and gave him a new name of Dongdan Muhua. Later in the year, he changed the Dongdan Muhua name further to Li Zanhua, and that would be the name used by the Khitan prince for the rest of his life. However, there was no sign that Li Zanhua ever reported to Huaihua, and in 932, Emperor Mingzong instead stated an intention to give him a command south of the 643:) suggested that he create Li Zanhua the Emperor of Khitan and send an army to escort him back to Khitan territory, to create a second front that Khitan's Emperor Taizong would have to deal with. Li Congke gave initial approval to the plan, but the more powerful officials opposed, believing the plan to be useless, and nothing eventually came of it. 654:. With Later Tang generals defecting to Later Jin in droves, Li Congke gathered his family and generals loyal to him to the palace, intending to commit suicide by burning down the palace. When he summoned Li Zanhua, however, Li Zanhua refused to join the mass suicide, so Li Congke sent the officer Li Yanshen ( 636:
Later in the year, Shi Jingtang did rebel, and Later Tang forces was initially successful in advancing to Hedong's capital Taiyuan Municipality and putting it under siege. However, they were thereafter crushed by aid troops that Emperor Taizong himself commanded and trapped by Khitan forces at Jin'an
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Shortly after conquering Fuyu, however, Emperor Taizu fell ill and died while still at Fuyu. Empress Shulü took over effective leadership of the Khitan, and she and Yelü Bei began the trek of escorting Emperor Taizu's casket back to Linhuang, leaving one of Emperor Taizu's younger brother Yelü Anduan
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the Prince of Lu overthrew Emperor Min in a rebellion and became emperor. Li Zanhua was said to have secretly communicated to his brother Emperor Taizong the opinion that this was a good opportunity to invade Later Tang, although Emperor Taizong took no actions at that time.
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Despite his having fled to Later Tang territory and becoming a Later Tang subject, Li Zanhua continued to maintain communications with his mother and brother, often sending emissaries to them. The communication went the other way around, too, as when his grandmother
534:, and that is why Zanhua came to me. I am now old. How would he have even come to a later emperor now matter how hard they enticed him?" He thereafter made Li Zanhua the military governor of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern 470:
heard this, he sent secret emissaries encouraging Yelü Bei to flee to Later Tang. Yelü Bei, commenting, "I yielded the empire to the Emperor, but now I am under suspicion. It is better that I go to another state so that I can be like
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did not follow him to Later Tang, and Imperial Queen Xiao would subsequently continue to rule the Dongdan state until her death in 940, while Yelü Ruan would eventually succeed Emperor Taizong after his death (as Emperor Shizong).)
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Throughout the years, apparently because of Li Zanhus'a presence in Later Tang and the fact that Later Tang had captured a number of important Khitan commanders, Empress Dowager Shulü had repeatedly sought
550:. Despite his cruelty, however, Li Zanhua was also said to be highly talented. He understood fortunetelling and music, and was very talented in medicine. He could write in both the Khitan and 475:." He thus took his favorite concubine Lady Gao and his extensive book collection, got into a ship, and sailed to Later Tang. In 930, he arrived at Later Tang's Deng Prefecture (登州, in modern 458:
Emperor Taizong, after becoming emperor, became suspicious as to whether his older brother intended to take back the throne, and therefore moved Dongdan's capital to Dongping (東平, in modern
356:. When Emperor Taizu inquired of his attendants which god he should first offer sacrifice to as part of his becoming emperor, his attendants largely advocated offering sacrifices to the 660:) to kill Li Zanhua. After the new Later Jin emperor entered Luoyang, he mourned Li Zanhua, posthumously created Li Zanhua the Prince of Yan, and had his body delivered back to Khitan. 542:), but selected a talented staff to take effective governance of the circuit, allowing Li Zanhua not to carry out actual responsibilities. He also gave a concubine of his predecessor 2017: 560:
into Khitan. He was particularly well known for his paintings of Khitan people and things, and many of his paintings eventually ended up in the palace collections of the
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gave an account where it was Yelü Bei who voluntarily yielded the throne to Emperor Taizong, but that would appear to be inconsistent with his subsequent actions. See
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decades later. In 933, he was recalled from Yicheng and given the completely honorary title of military governor of Zhaoxin Circuit (昭信, headquartered in modern
2102: 311:. He was declared successor to the Emperor Taizu in 916, but never succeeded to the throne. Rather, after the accession of his younger brother 352:
In 916, when Yelü Abaoji declared himself emperor of a new Khitan-led empire, known posthumously as Emperor Taizu, he created Yelü Bei his
364:. Emperor Taizu was pleased by the suggestion and built a temple for Confucius, having Yelü Bei offer sacrifices to him twice a year. 2137: 425:
over the old Balhae territory, with its capital at Fuyu, and made Yelü Bei its king, with the title of "Imperial King of Man" (人皇王,
2142: 2122: 2077: 2047: 2107: 466:) and forcibly moved the former Balhae people to Dongping. He also put guards in place to monitor Yelü Bei's actions. When 611:
alliances between Khitan and Later Tang. In early 936, Li Congke, apprehensive over the prospect that his brother-in-law
417:). (This appeared to have ended the Balhae state, even though Emperor Taizu did not at this time capture Balhae's capital 2127: 2082: 2072: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1927: 1911: 1842: 1791: 1770: 1737: 2147: 2097: 1953: 1895: 1890: 792: 581: 543: 2112: 801: 397:). It was during this time that Yelü Bei was said to have drafted a plan to conquer Khitan's eastern neighbor 2092: 360:. When Emperor Taizu pointed out that the Buddha was not a Chinese god, Yelü Bei advocated offering first to 2057: 2052: 441:
the title of "Generalissimo Crown Prince" and made Yelü Deguang in charge of Linhuang, replacing Yelü Bei.
650:(as its Emperor Gaozu), and Shi subsequently headed south, with Khitan aid, toward the Later Tang capital 2117: 2067: 705: 647: 612: 382: 2087: 2062: 742: 593: 176: 761: 185: 1968: 1710: 813: 729: 716: 530:. When the Later Tang officials opposed, Emperor Mingzong stated, "His father and I agreed to be 484: 438: 367:
Yelü Bei subsequently served as Emperor Taizu's forward commander in campaigns against the Wugu (
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as intelligent and studious in his youth, with a relaxed appearance and a loving heart.
633:) draft a plan under which such an alliance would occur – but then abandoned the plan. 275:(人皇王, "imperial king of men") during his lifetime (including his period as the King of 264: 592:
Also in 933, Emperor Mingzong died, and was initially succeeded by his biological son
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Base (晉安寨, near Taiyuan). When Li Congke sought advice from his officials, Long Min (
573: 556: 113: 433:) and his wife (Yelü Bei's mother) Empress Shulü ("Imperial Empress of Earth," 地皇后, 1186: 389:) – he left Yelü Bei in charge at his capital Linhuang Municipality (臨潢, in modern 235: 2007: 1963: 1749: 1705: 452: 422: 345: 276: 157: 29: 1975: 1765: 1732: 394: 496: 2031: 596:
the Prince of Song (as Emperor Min). In 934, Emperor Mingzong's adoptive son
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territory – specifically, Jin's Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern
2000: 796: 674: 561: 547: 527: 413:. In a campaign, he captured the important Balhae city Fuyu (夫餘, in modern 353: 328: 308: 429:), echoing the titles used by himself ("Imperial Emperor of Heaven," 天皇帝, 551: 257: 194: 300: 377:
tribes. Later, on incursions that Emperor Taizu made into the Chinese/
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the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern
597: 467: 361: 623:) might rebel and enlist Khitan aid in doing so, had his officials 514: 480: 472: 463: 459: 518:) of a newly created Huaihua Circuit (懷化, headquartered in modern 1804: 651: 616: 569: 565: 519: 390: 386: 93: 89: 77: 1752: 409:
In 926, Emperor Taizu decided to carry out the plans to conquer
332: 135: 1073: 831: 795:, the Lady of Guo (虢國夫人), later divorced Yelü Bei and became a 620: 584:
died in 933, his mother and brother notified him of her death.
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In 931, Emperor Mingzong made Yelü Bei the military governor (
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Eventually, Emperor Taizong created Shi the emperor of a new
607: 539: 523: 483:). (Yelü Bei's wife Imperial Queen Xiao and his oldest son 437:). He gave his second son (Yelü Bei's younger brother) 845:
Yelü Daoyin, Prince of Jin (晉王 耶律道隱; d. 983), 5th son
327:
Yelü Bei was born in 899, before the founding of the
319:-led Later Tang dynasty, where he was killed in 937. 806:, of the Xiao clan (柔貞皇后 蕭氏; d. 951), a relative of 782:, of the Xiao clan (端順皇后 蕭氏; d. 940), a relative of 507: 343:; he was their first son. He was described by the 822:Yelü Shao, Prince of Wu (吳王 耶律稍; d. 985), 3rd son 587: 2029: 837:Yelü Longxian, Prince of Ping (平王 耶律隆先), 4th son 663: 500:騎射圖 "Archer and Horse" attributed to Yelü Bei, 455:) did not punish him, but sent him to Dongdan. 755: 749: 736: 723: 699: 655: 638: 628: 446: 368: 294: 284: 251: 1948:. Harvard University Press. pp. 49–54. 572:) (as Zhaoxin's territory was then ruled by 2103:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms translators 856:Married Xiao Han (蕭翰; d. 949), a nephew of 1943: 1834: 1832: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 853:Yelü Abuli (耶律阿不里; d. 949), 1st daughter 495: 491: 339:, and his mother was Yelü Abaoji's wife 242:) (899 – January 7, 937), also known as 88:Xianling Mausoleum (顯陵, in present-day 2030: 1829: 1776: 1758: 1716: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1533: 1529: 1517: 1421: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1296: 1203: 1094: 1090: 1078: 982: 885: 881: 877: 1853: 1851: 1627: 1624: 1614: 1602: 1592: 1588: 1576: 1573: 1563: 1551: 1541: 1537: 1511: 1501: 1489: 1479: 1475: 1463: 1461: 1451: 1439: 1429: 1425: 1409: 1406: 1396: 1384: 1374: 1370: 1358: 1355: 1345: 1332: 1322: 1318: 1293: 1283: 1271: 1261: 1257: 1245: 1243: 1233: 1221: 1211: 1207: 1191: 1185: 1175: 1163: 1153: 1149: 1137: 1134: 1124: 1112: 1102: 1098: 1072: 1062: 1050: 1040: 1036: 1024: 1022: 1012: 1000: 990: 986: 970: 967: 957: 945: 935: 931: 919: 916: 906: 893: 889: 404: 246:(耶律突欲 or 耶律圖欲), posthumously honored 1683: 819:Yelü Louguo (耶律婁國; d. 952), 2nd son 13: 1848: 1753:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter 315:(Emperor Taizong), he fled to the 14: 2159: 1743: 2138:Heirs apparent who never acceded 842:Beauty, of the Gao clan (美人 高氏) 793:Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang 711:Imperial King Wenwuyuan (文武元皇王, 1917: 1901: 1883: 1867: 754:) with the temple name Yizong ( 668: 508:During Emperor Mingzong's reign 303:subject, was the eldest son of 182:Emperor Wenxian Qinyi (文獻欽義皇帝, 16:King of Dongdan from 926 to 937 2143:10th-century Chinese musicians 1812: 1797: 724: 629: 588:After Emperor Mingzong's reign 554:languages, and translated the 468:Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang 369: 295: 285: 1: 2123:10th-century Chinese painters 2078:People executed by Later Tang 2048:Liao dynasty imperial princes 2018:Queen Xiao of Dongdan Kingdom 1937: 1891:History of the Five Dynasties 1807:Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian 692: 664:Titles (including posthumous) 582:Grand Empress Dowager Yaonian 322: 39:April 4, 926 – January 7, 937 791:(夏氏), a former concubine of 140:Khitan given name: Tuyu (圖欲) 7: 2108:People from Northeast China 867: 684:Imperial King of Men (人皇王, 142:Chinese given name: Bèi (倍) 106: 10: 2164: 2128:10th-century Khitan people 2083:10th-century Chinese poets 2073:Executed Later Tang people 1531: 1523: 1415: 1312: 1308: 1197: 1092: 1084: 976: 883: 879: 421:.) Emperor Taizu set up a 271:: 遼義宗), formally known as 2014: 2005: 1997: 1608: 1590: 1582: 1557: 1539: 1535: 1495: 1477: 1469: 1445: 1427: 1423: 1390: 1372: 1364: 1339: 1320: 1316: 1277: 1259: 1251: 1227: 1209: 1205: 1169: 1151: 1143: 1118: 1100: 1096: 1056: 1038: 1030: 1006: 988: 984: 951: 933: 925: 900: 887: 768: 756: 750: 743:Emperor Shengzong of Liao 737: 700: 656: 639: 447: 252: 239: 219: 209: 200: 193: 163: 156: 151: 146: 133: 128: 124: 112: 101: 83: 67: 57: 53: 43: 35: 28: 21: 2148:10th-century translators 2098:Liao dynasty translators 1946:Imperial China: 900-1800 1676: 762:Emperor Xingzong of Liao 152:Ganlu (甘露): 926–936 816:(耶律阮; 919–951), 1st son 814:Emperor Shizong of Liao 748:Emperor Wenxian Qinyi ( 730:Emperor Shizong of Liao 717:Emperor Taizong of Liao 173:Emperor Wenxian (文獻皇帝, 164:Emperor Rangguo (讓國皇帝, 147:Era name and dates 119:Emperor Shizong of Liao 48:Emperor Shizong of Liao 2113:Liao dynasty musicians 504: 502:National Palace Museum 499: 492:As Later Tang subject 331:. His father was the 307:, the founder of the 305:Emperor Taizu of Liao 248:Emperor Wenxian Qinyi 214:Emperor Taizu of Liao 2093:Later Tang musicians 830:, of the Da clan of 713:Wenwuyuan Huang Wang 2058:Later Tang jiedushi 2053:Later Tang painters 1944:Mote, F.W. (1999). 774:Consorts and Issue: 2118:Liao dynasty poets 1294:Yelü Bei (899–937) 544:Emperor Zhuangzong 505: 405:As King of Dongdan 224:Empress Shulü Ping 2068:Baisheng jiedushi 2026: 2025: 2015:Succeeded by 1673: 1672: 735:Emperor Wenxian ( 722:Emperor Rangguo ( 557:Huangdi Yinfujing 299:) (931–937) as a 289:) (931) and then 229: 228: 205: 204: 177:Emperor Shengzong 2155: 2088:Later Tang poets 2063:Yicheng jiedushi 1998:Preceded by 1995: 1994: 1959: 1931: 1921: 1915: 1905: 1899: 1887: 1881: 1871: 1865: 1855: 1846: 1836: 1827: 1816: 1810: 1801: 1795: 1785: 1774: 1762: 1756: 1747: 1741: 1729: 1714: 1702: 873: 872: 780:Empress Duanshun 760:) (conferred by 759: 758: 753: 752: 741:) (conferred by 740: 739: 728:) (conferred by 727: 726: 715:) (conferred by 704:) (conferred by 703: 702: 659: 658: 642: 641: 632: 631: 450: 449: 372: 371: 298: 297: 288: 287: 255: 254: 241: 188: 186:Emperor Xingzong 179: 170: 126: 125: 74: 19: 18: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2028: 2027: 2022: 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1069: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 998: 997: 994: 993: 980: 979: 974: 973: 965: 964: 961: 960: 955: 954: 949: 948: 943: 942: 939: 938: 929: 928: 923: 922: 917:Yelü Yundeshi 914: 913: 910: 909: 904: 903: 898: 897: 891: 875: 874: 859: 855: 854: 852: 851: 849: 844: 843: 841: 836: 835: 833: 829: 826: 821: 818: 815: 811: 810: 809: 805: 804: 800: 798: 794: 790: 787: 785: 781: 778: 777: 776: 775: 763: 747: 744: 734: 731: 721: 718: 714: 710: 707: 697: 696: 687: 686:Ren Huangwang 683: 680: 676: 673: 672: 661: 653: 649: 644: 634: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 609: 602: 599: 595: 585: 583: 577: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 516: 503: 498: 489: 486: 482: 478: 474: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 427:Ren Huangwang 424: 420: 416: 415:Siping, Jilin 412: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 365: 363: 359: 355: 350: 348: 347: 342: 338: 334: 330: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 292: 282: 281:Dongdan Muhua 278: 274: 273:Renhuang Wang 270: 266: 262: 259: 249: 245: 237: 233: 225: 222: 218: 215: 212: 208: 199: 196: 192: 187: 184:Conferred by 178: 169: 162: 159: 155: 150: 145: 137: 134:Family name: 132: 127: 123: 120: 117: 115: 111: 108: 107:§ Family 104: 100: 95: 91: 86: 82: 79: 70: 66: 60: 56: 52: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 31: 27: 20: 2006: 2001:Ae of Balhae 1974: 1962: 1945: 1923: 1919: 1907: 1903: 1889: 1885: 1873: 1869: 1857: 1838: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1803: 1799: 1787: 1764: 1760: 1745: 1731: 1704: 1356:Shulü Shensi 1135:Yaonian Tila 827: 802: 797:Buddhist nun 788: 779: 773: 772: 712: 685: 678: 675:Crown Prince 669:While living 645: 635: 613:Shi Jingtang 606: 603: 591: 578: 562:Song Dynasty 555: 548:Buddhist nun 528:Yellow River 513: 511: 457: 443: 439:Yelü Deguang 434: 431:Tian Huangdi 430: 426: 408: 366: 354:crown prince 351: 344: 329:Liao dynasty 326: 313:Yelü Deguang 309:Liao dynasty 290: 280: 279:), known as 272: 260: 247: 243: 231: 230: 1809:, vol. 68 . 1074:Yelü Abaoji 968:Yelü Saladi 894:Yelü Salade 812:Yelü Ruan, 688:) (931-937) 681:) (916-931) 679:Huang Taizi 627:and Lü Qi ( 435:Di Huanghou 337:Yelü Abaoji 269:Traditional 258:temple name 256:) with the 201:Yizong (義宗) 195:Temple name 96:, Liaoning) 73:(937-01-07) 2043:937 deaths 2038:899 births 2032:Categories 1938:References 1826:, vol. 72. 1513:Shulü Ping 1407:Shulü Pogu 858:Shulü Ping 808:Shulü Ping 784:Shulü Ping 693:Posthumous 594:Li Conghou 383:Former Jin 373:) and the 341:Shulü Ping 323:Background 301:Later Tang 265:Simplified 2133:Yelü clan 1625:Lady Yelü 1515:(879–953) 1076:(872–926) 828:Concubine 706:Later Jin 648:Later Jin 598:Li Congke 485:Yelü Ruan 362:Confucius 291:Li Zanhua 244:Yelü Tuyu 61:Tuyu (圖欲) 44:Successor 2021:(Regent) 1979:, vols. 1928:vol. 279 1912:vol. 278 1843:vol. 277 1792:vol. 275 1771:vol. 269 1738:vol. 280 1189:(d. 933) 868:Ancestry 850:Unknown 789:Lady Xia 515:Jiedushi 481:Shandong 473:Wu Taibo 464:Liaoning 460:Liaoyang 419:Longquan 232:Yelü Bei 22:Yelü Bei 1969:vol. 72 1896:vol. 44 1805:Bo Yang 1711:vol. 72 652:Luoyang 625:Li Song 617:Taiyuan 570:Jiangxi 566:Ganzhou 520:Baoding 391:Chifeng 387:Beijing 277:Dongdan 267:: 辽义宗, 236:Chinese 94:Jinzhou 90:Beizhen 78:Luoyang 1952:  1878:vol. 4 1862:vol. 3 832:Balhae 769:Family 751:文獻欽義皇帝 677:(皇太子, 621:Shanxi 536:Anyang 477:Yantai 411:Balhae 399:Balhae 381:state 379:Shatuo 375:Tangut 358:Buddha 317:Shatuo 261:Yizong 253:文獻欽義皇帝 238:: 220:Mother 210:Father 102:Spouse 84:Burial 1677:Notes 834:(大氏) 608:heqin 540:Henan 524:Hebei 129:Names 114:Issue 36:Reign 1950:ISBN 1818:The 738:文獻皇帝 725:讓國皇帝 448:耶律安端 333:Yelü 286:東丹慕華 138:(耶律) 136:Yēlǜ 105:See 68:Died 58:Born 1989:280 1985:277 1981:275 657:李彥紳 576:). 552:Han 296:李贊華 240:耶律倍 63:899 24:耶律倍 2034:: 1987:, 1983:, 1967:, 1926:, 1910:, 1894:, 1876:, 1860:, 1850:^ 1841:, 1831:^ 1790:, 1778:^ 1769:, 1736:, 1718:^ 1709:, 1685:^ 757:義宗 701:燕王 640:龍敏 630:呂琦 619:, 574:Wu 568:, 538:, 522:, 479:, 462:, 401:. 393:, 370:烏古 92:, 1991:. 1971:. 1958:. 1930:. 1914:. 1898:. 1880:. 1864:. 1845:. 1794:. 1773:. 1755:. 1740:. 1713:. 764:) 745:) 732:) 719:) 708:) 445:( 293:( 283:( 263:( 250:( 234:( 189:) 180:) 171:)

Index

King of Dongdan
Emperor Shizong of Liao
Luoyang
Beizhen
Jinzhou
§ Family
Issue
Emperor Shizong of Liao
Yēlǜ
Posthumous name
Emperor Shizong
Emperor Shengzong
Emperor Xingzong
Temple name
Emperor Taizu of Liao
Empress Shulü Ping
Chinese
temple name
Simplified
Traditional
Dongdan
Later Tang
Emperor Taizu of Liao
Liao dynasty
Yelü Deguang
Shatuo
Liao dynasty
Yelü
Yelü Abaoji
Shulü Ping

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