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against 42.88% for the MDC (Tsvangirai), 8.39% for the MDC (Mutambara), and 2.79% for minor parties and independent candidates. ZANU–PF won an absolute majority of the popular vote in five provinces: Mashonaland
Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Midlands, and Masvingo. In Masvingo, although the party won 52.01% of the vote, it took only 12 of the 26 seats, while the MDC (Tsvangirai) won 41.61% of the vote and took 14 seats. The MDC (Tsvangirai) won an absolute majority in Harare and Manicaland. In Bulawayo, the MDC (Tsvangirai) won all 12 seats with 47% of the vote; it also led in Matabeleland North with about 37% of the vote. ZANU–PF won the most votes in Matabeleland South, but won only three seats; the MDC (Mutambara) won seven and the MDC (Tsvangirai) won two. ZANU–PF's loss of seats was attributed primarily to major loss of support in Manicaland and moderate loss of support in Masvingo, with support for the respective parties being considered relatively unchanged in the rest of the country. The tendency for ZANU–PF candidates to win large majorities in their strongholds, while the MDC won many of its strongholds more narrowly, was deemed a factor in the disparity between ZANU–PF's lead in the popular vote and the MDC (Tsvangirai)'s lead in the number of seats.
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belonging to Zanu-PF supporters in the Mayo resettlement area in
Manicaland on 16 April"; he said that those responsible for the attacks were suspected to have taken refuge in Harvest House. According to Bvudzijena, the police were screening the arrested individuals and those who had not committed a crime would be released. The MDC said that the raid involved about 250 policemen and that about 300 people in Harvest House were taken away, including people who were taking refuge from violence committed by ZANU–PF supporters and people who were seeking medical treatment at Harvest House. The party also alleged that its supporters were beaten during the raid, and, according to the MDC, the police said that they were searching for "the documents that the party has that form the basis of our claim that we won the election... Further they have taken all computers and equipment that was used by the MDC at the MDC's election command centre." Chamisa said that the police had no search warrant and that the "victims of violence" taken away by the police included women and children; he also said that MDC staff at Harvest House were arrested. Regarding the ZESN raid,
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denounced this as "daylight robbery". Biti, speaking from South Africa, alleged that the
Electoral Commission had taken 50,000 votes from Tsvangirai and added 47,000 votes to Mugabe's score; he said that "Morgan Tsvangirai is the president of the republic of Zimbabwe to the extent that he won the highest number of votes" and that Tsvangirai must "be declared the president of Zimbabwe". While not entirely ruling out Tsvangirai's participation in a run-off, Biti reiterated the MDC's view that conditions in Zimbabwe did not allow for one to be held. He said that "Tsvangirai should be allowed to form a government of national healing that includes all Zimbabwean stakeholders", but said this was conditional on Mugabe immediately conceding defeat. Meanwhile, Mnangagwa said at a press conference in Harare that ZANU–PF felt "aggrieved" and had been "greatly prejudiced by the attempt by the MDC and its sponsors to tamper with the electoral system", but he said that Mugabe nevertheless "accepts the result as announced" and confirmed that Mugabe would be a candidate in the run-off.
983:, which was to be held on 27 June 2008. Despite Tsvangirai's continuing claims to have won a first round majority, he decided to participate in the second round. The period following the first round was marked by political violence. ZANU–PF and the MDC each blamed the other's supporters for perpetrating the violence; Western governments and prominent Western and human rights organisations blamed ZANU–PF for the violence. On 22 June 2008, Tsvangirai announced that he was withdrawing from the run-off, describing it as a "violent sham" and saying that his supporters risked being killed if they voted for him. The second round of elections went ahead with Mugabe as the only actively participating candidate, although Tsvangirai's name remained on the ballot. Mugabe won the second round by an overwhelming margin and was sworn in for another term as president on 29 June.
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Amnesty
International, "local youths" were being recruited by war veterans for such attacks and the police seemed "unwilling to stop the violence", although they did arrest MDC supporters suspected of engaging in violence. On the same day, Biti also claimed that violence was increasing and placed the death toll at 33, while saying that Zimbabwe could not afford for the situation to continue for another 90 days. He said that Tsvangirai would return to Zimbabwe in the forthcoming weekend so that he could be present for an MDC campaign rally and a caucus of elected MPs. Meanwhile, Police Commissioner Augustine Chihuri met with church leaders and told them that ZANU–PF and the MDC were both orchestrating violence from rural bases, but he said that the police were working to dismantle these bases.
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of the vote. Leaders of the security forces and government officials had warned the opposition against announcing unofficial results. Presidential spokesman George
Charamba said that if Tsvangirai's next step, after announcing unofficial results and declaring himself the victor, was to declare himself President, then that would be considered "a coup d'état and we all know how coups are handled". Meanwhile, the Electoral Commission expressed concern at the MDC's announcement of "purported results of the poll when in fact the results are being verified and collated", and it urged the people to be patient. Biti said that the MDC did not wait on the Electoral Commission's results because it did not trust the commission and did not consider it to be independent.
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as "illegal and unfair", intended to "give Mugabe and ZANU–PF time to torment and continue a campaign of violence on the MDC". The ZESN also asserted that holding the second round after 21 days would be illegal. Chinamasa, expressing confidence in a victory for Mugabe, also announced on 15 May that ZANU–PF would start campaigning for the run-off, under the theme "100 percent empowerment: Total
Independence", as soon as ZEC set the date for the second round. According to Chinamasa, the campaign theme was based on ZANU–PF's view that true independence must include economic independence and that, despite the existing economic crisis, the ultimate reward for pursuing this path would be full empowerment of the people.
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ZANU–PF regarding the proposal, and it was never approved. In March 2007, Mugabe said that he thought the feeling in the party favoured having the presidential election in 2008, and moving the parliamentary election up by two years instead. He also said that he would be willing to stand for another term if chosen by the party. On 30 March 2007, it was announced that the ZANU–PF Central
Committee had chosen Mugabe as the party's candidate for another term in 2008, that presidential terms would be reduced to five years instead of six, and that the parliamentary election would also be held in 2008. Later, information was leaked from the same meeting that ZANU–PF had adopted the position of making Mugabe
1926:(PAP) Observer Mission said that the ZEC had long lost control of the electoral process and its constitutional obligation has been gravely compromised. The Observer mission questioned voter registration, and the excess of ballot papers printed, and called for a "timeous intervention" by the AU and the Southern African Development Community before the situation got "out of control". On the same day, the AU released a statement calling on "all the Zimbabwe political actors to conduct their activities in a free, transparent, tolerant, and non-violent manner" and urging "Zimbabwe to implement the conditions set out in the Declaration on the Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa".
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surrounding him who have committed heinous crimes against the people of
Zimbabwe and they are afraid of a change of guard... Zanu PF was formed in my house in Harare and what is happening now is not one of the reasons why it was formed... It has been hijacked by criminals and people who can not be employed if they leave government. They are also holding Zimbabweans to ransom." Meanwhile, Dabengwa, who had backed Makoni, said that Makoni's campaign had accomplished its mission by preventing either Mugabe or Tsvangirai from winning a first round majority; he opposed holding a run-off and favoured the formation of a transitional government of national unity followed by a new election.
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MDC filed a petition on 11 April seeking to prevent a recount; however, on 13 April, the
Electoral Commission announced that there would be a full recount of both parliamentary and presidential votes in 23 constituencies. The recount was to occur on 19 April, and the presence of party representatives and electoral observers would be permitted. The recount was requested by ZANU–PF in 21 of these constituencies and by the MDC (Tsvangirai) in two of them. According to Electoral Commission chairman George Chiweshe, there were "reasonable grounds for believing that the votes were miscounted and that the miscount would affect the results of this election". MDC spokesman
1419:" and said that Mugabe was trying "to steal the election"; he also said that Mugabe and ZANU–PF had "unleashed a campaign of violence" against opposition supporters. He furthermore described the pace of vote counting as "ludicrously slow" and said that the recount could not be trusted. Meanwhile, Zuma, who described the delay in results as unacceptable, called for African leaders to "move in to unlock this logjam" by sending a mission to talk to the parties and the Electoral Commission; he said that, while Mbeki was the mediator, the "gravity of the situation" made it desirable to send other leaders to assist in resolving the situation.
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supporters had been attacked, 400 had been arrested, he also said that 3,000 families had been displaced. Between March and June 2008, at least 153 MDC supporters were killed. Because key members of the administration of the MDC had been arrested, the party was unable to function, according to Biti. Like
Tsvangirai, Biti was staying outside of Zimbabwe, expressing fear of arrest. On 21 April, Deputy Information Minister Matonga dismissed the allegations of violence against the opposition as "lies that are being peddled by the MDC". He said that the purported ZANU–PF vigilante groups were "imaginary".
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Ki-moon was said to have not yet reached a decision on the issue. Biti was present at the U.N. headquarters, hoping to convince the Security Council to send a special envoy, but the Council met without hearing his appeal. According to Biti, the "humanitarian concern" made the problem more than merely a regional or sub-regional matter, and it was something the U.N. should handle. The Zimbabwean government denounced the U.N. session as "sinister, racist and colonial", and Deputy Information Minister Matonga called it "a sign of desperation by the British and their MDC puppets".
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elections officer, said on 20 April that it might take longer. Silaigwana attributed the delays to lengthy "initial consultations" and to polling agents arriving late. According to Silaigwana, the recount was "not a small exercise and we want to ensure that there are no mistakes this time around"; he said that it was going well and that there had been no complaints from either of the parties. However, MDC spokesman Chamisa denounced the process as "flawed and criminal", saying that it was a "circus" and that the government was "playing games with the people".
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elections officer, said on 20 April that it might take longer. Silaigwana attributed the delays to lengthy "initial consultations" and to polling agents arriving late. According to Silaigwana, the recount was "not a small exercise and we want to ensure that there are no mistakes this time around"; he said that it was going well and that there had been no complaints from either of the parties. However, MDC spokesman Chamisa denounced the process as "flawed and criminal", saying that it was a "circus" and that the government was "playing games with the people".
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legislative program would be "based on the return of fundamental freedoms to the people of Zimbabwe" and that the party intended to immediately abolish legislation that it considered repressive. A new "people-driven constitution" would follow within 18 months, according to Tsvangirai, and a "truth and justice commission" would be established. He also pledged that the party would introduce a new strategy to bring inflation under control and said that there would be measures to "compensate or reintegrate" farmers who lost their land as part of
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2657:, was announced on 22 April; the constituency's initial result, which showed a victory for ZANU–PF in both the House of Assembly and Senate votes, had been contested by the MDC. The recount showed ZANU–PF keeping the seats it had won in the initial count: the recount for the House of Assembly seat showed ZANU–PF gaining one vote, leaving ZANU–PF with 6,194 votes and the MDC with 5,931 votes, while in the recount for the Senate seat the results were exactly the same as in the initial count. In the recount for the
1986:, an elected MDC MP, was arrested on 12 May in connection with violence in his constituency, while the President and Secretary-General of the ZCTU appeared in court for the first time and were denied bail. Regarding Tsvangirai's anticipated return, Matonga said that any threat to Tsvangirai could be dealt with by the police, but he said that he was not aware of any such threat, remarking that "as far as we know he is on holiday, at the same time trying to drum up support for his campaign to demonise Zimbabwe."
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that Mugabe and other leading members of ZANU–PF would not be prosecuted; however, he said that the resistance of ZANU–PF hard-liners caused the talks to collapse after a few days. Furthermore, Tsvangirai said in the interview that, if he became president, Mugabe could be placed on trial, either by the regular courts or by a potential "justice and truth commission". He said that, although he was staying outside the country for the time being, he was not in exile and planned to return to Zimbabwe.
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1336:, said that the recount was "fatally flawed". She reported repeated miscommunication of venue addresses, protocol registers at several counting stations missing, ballot box seals holding the keys for the two padlocks on each box broken. One set of ballot boxes was missing a book of voting papers from the presidential election box, although all the other books were locked inside. Loose ballot box seals with serial numbers identical to those on already-sealed boxes were easily available.
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it. The MDC alleged that Tapiwa Mubwanda, an election agent for the party, had been stabbed to death by supporters of ZANU–PF. The killing was confirmed by police, although they said that the motive was not yet determined. If Mubwanda was killed for political reasons, this would be the first such death to have occurred during the dispute. A group of doctors said in a statement that 157 people had been treated after suffering beatings and torture in the wake of the election.
1312:, who as an MDC negotiator was involved in rewriting some contentious laws with ZANU–PF in 2007, disputed this, calling the complaints "concoctions after the fact". He accused Chiweshe of being a "blatant liar and a fraudster" and alleged that the Electoral Commission was working with ZANU–PF to change the outcome of the election, saying that the commission had the ballot boxes for over two weeks and could have tampered with them. MDC Secretary for Legal Affairs
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2681:, who had won in the initial count for Zvimba North, retaining the seat with an increased margin: he gained 155 votes, while MDC (Tsvangirai) candidate Ernest Mudimu gained 13 votes and MDC (Mutambara) candidate Shelton Magama lost 28 votes. Some ballots that had not been included in the initial count were found and included in the recount total. Meanwhile, recount results for the Zvimba Senate seat showed the winner of the initial count, ZANU–PF candidate
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This ended a previous law, put in place in 2007 as a result of talks between ZANU–PF and the MDC, that required police to stay 100 meters away from polling stations. The regulations amended Sections 59 and 60 of the Electoral Act, providing for electoral officers and police officers to assist illiterate voters (in the case of Section 59) and physically incapacitated voters (in the case of Section 60). The change was criticised by Tsvangirai and Makoni.
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Tsvangirai, speaking in Johannesburg, stated again that Tsvangirai would not participate in a second round: "If Robert Mugabe cannot accept the real results now, what's the guarantee he'll accept the real results after a runoff?" He said that the claims that a second round would be necessary were part of a government strategy to steal the election. Meanwhile, Tsvangirai said that he would return to Zimbabwe after the verification exercise is complete.
2717:, acting as President Mugabe's election agent, said on 2 May that ZANU–PF had filed petitions challenging the results of 53 constituencies won by the MDC; similarly, the MDC has challenged the result in 52 seats. Courts have six months to consider the appeals, and another six months for counterchallenges; however, lawyers said that the elected MPs could still be sworn in. In order to handle the burden of considering so many petitions, Chief Justice
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1008:, said that a free and fair election could not be held under the existing conditions, calling for a new constitution to be adopted prior to the election. Talks between the MDC and ZANU–PF collapsed following the announcement of the election date; the MDC had wanted the dialogue to affect the election, while ZANU–PF wanted to hold the election on schedule in March and for any changes agreed in the talks only to take effect afterwards.
1517:, said at the beginning of a tour of Zimbabwe's neighbouring countries that Morgan Tsvangirai was the "clear victor" of the election. However, she also said that a "negotiated solution" might be necessary. Chinamasa described Frazer's utterances as "patently false, inflammatory, irresponsible and uncalled for". In Zambia on 27 April, Frazer said that if a government of national unity was formed, it should be led by Tsvangirai.
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a majority. He said that ZANU–PF was "eagerly waiting for the date so that we can put the election behind us and forge ahead with our programmes", stressing the importance of unity among the people and the need to put an end to "the current polarisation" but also drawing a sharp contrast between ZANU–PF and the MDC. According to Chinamasa, the government would pay for the second round itself, without any external assistance.
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Makoni's candidacy. Although Tsvangirai said that Makoni was a patriot, he was otherwise sharply critical, saying that Makoni had "been part of the establishment for the last 30 years" and therefore shared responsibility with Mugabe for Zimbabwe's situation. He furthermore expressed his view that Makoni intended to merely "reform an institutionalised dictatorship" and was "old wine in a new bottle".
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holding a second round unrealistic, and that the best solution would be the formation of a national unity government that would organise an entirely new election, with Mugabe remaining President during the transition. Chinamasa said, however, that Mazombe's article did not represent the position of ZANU–PF or the government, and he reiterated that ZANU–PF was opposed to a national unity government.
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toll to 30, while Gertrude Hambira, the General Secretary of the General Agriculture and Plantation Workers Union of Zimbabwe, said that her union had recorded 40,000 people who had been displaced since the election. According to Hambira, the displaced persons were accused of supporting the MDC and were "attacked by a group of militias wearing army uniforms". Also on 8 May, the President of the
1151:, suggested on 21 June 2007 that he might run, claiming that people were urging him to do so. However, Mugabe was chosen by acclamation as ZANU–PF's presidential candidate for the 2008 election by delegates at a December 2007 party congress. John Nkomo said that he "did not hear any dissenting voices" and that the congress had "fully and unreservedly" backed Mugabe.
1028:. The Zimbabwe Election Support Network said that there were insufficient polling stations in urban areas, where the opposition is considered stronger, while the availability of polling stations was better in rural areas, where ZANU–PF is considered stronger. According to the Electoral Commission, it planned to deploy 107,690 polling officers to oversee voting.
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not premature to discuss it as an option. In London, Zuma and Brown issued a joint statement in which they described the situation in Zimbabwe as a crisis and called "for an end to any violence and intimidation and stress the importance of respect for the sovereign people of Zimbabwe and the choice they have made at the ballot box." Brown, along with
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second round as early as possible. Matonga has said that it could potentially be delayed by as much as one year. British Prime Minister Brown said on 6 May that "there must at least be an immediate end to violence and international observers must be put in place now, well ahead of the vote itself", if it was "to be considered free and fair".
2696:, told other ZANU–PF candidates on 23 April that they needed to "accept the reality" that the MDC had won, and he stressed that the importance of preserving peace. He blamed Mugabe for the ZANU–PF candidates' defeat, saying that the people of Masvingo had rejected Mugabe and that the parliamentary candidates suffered as collateral damage.
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the same who have destroyed the economy". Sikhosana said that, while Tsvangirai promised employment, Mugabe was offering more: "he is giving the youth the opportunity to own the means of production" and "have full charge of their environment and control their resources", which Sikhosana described as a prerequisite for national wealth. In
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had suffered from political violence to identify the individuals who were responsible for the violence. The police released the remainder of those who were arrested at the MDC headquarters on 29 April, in compliance with the High Court's order, without charge, although it continued to hold three others. Meanwhile, US President
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Miliband demanded an end to "violence and intimidation" and said that "any second round must be free, fair and open to international monitors". Meanwhile, Makoni said that Zimbabwe could not afford to hold a second round and that "the way forward for this country is for the political leaders to work together".
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In response to the delay in the sitting of the new Parliament, the MDC held a symbolic meeting of MDC MPs at a conference center in Harare on 30 May. Tsvangirai declared on this occasion that the MDC was the new ruling party and reaffirmed that the MDC factions would cooperate. He said that the MDC's
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Silaigwana said on 25 April that the candidates for Chiredzi North, Gutu Central, Gutu North, Gutu South, Buhera South, Lupane East, and Mberengwa South constituencies had all retained their seats in the recount. Of these, Chiredzi North and Mberengwa South had been won by ZANU–PF, Gutu Central, Gutu
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Shortly afterwards, final results for the House of Assembly showed the MDC (Tsvangirai) with 99 seats, ZANU–PF with 97 seats, the MDC (Mutambara) with ten seats, and one independent. Despite the MDC (Tsvangirai)'s lead in seats, ZANU–PF was credited with the lead in the popular vote, receiving 45.94%
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called on the youth to vote for Mugabe. He said that many people in the first round "voted with their stomachs", hoping Tsvangirai could bring economy recovery, but according to Sikhosana "the same foreign interests who are promising an overnight turnaround in the event of a Tsvangirai presidency are
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Addressing the ZANU–PF Central Committee on 16 May, Mugabe was sharply critical of his party's performance in the election, describing the first round result as "disastrous". He said that ZANU–PF had gone into the election "completely unprepared, unorganised" and that the entire party leadership from
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In a statement from Chinamasa on behalf of the Electoral Commission that was published in a special government gazette on 14 May 2008, it was announced that the period in which the second round must be held was extended from 21 days to 90 days after the announcement of results. The MDC denounced this
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On 13 May 2008, Tsvangirai stated that he would be willing to compete in the run-off if at least SADC election observers would be present, softening his previous demand for free access to all international observers. He also said that if a delay was necessary, the second round still needed to be held
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were arrested for alleged public violence. Meanwhile, speaking to the press in Harare, Chinamasa said that ZANU–PF would only consider the possibility of a national unity government after the second round was held, and he questioned why Tsvangirai would support such an arrangement if he had truly won
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held a session on the situation in Zimbabwe on 29 April. Reportedly, the US, European and Latin American members of the Security Council wanted to send a special envoy to Zimbabwe; however, South Africa, the current holder of the Presidency of the Security Council, opposed this. Secretary-General Ban
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Also on 23 April, Zuma said that there were other countries urging South Africa to use force in Zimbabwe, but that South Africa believed in resolving the situation through "quiet diplomacy" and negotiations. He also said that a national unity government was something worth considering and that it was
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On 18 April, High Court Judge Guvava dismissed the MDC's application to stop the recount that was requested by ZANU–PF, ruling that the application was without merit and requiring the MDC to pay court costs. On the same day, in South Africa, the ANC backed SADC's decision to keep Mbeki in his role as
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Mugabe, voting in Harare, said: "We are not in the habit of cheating. We don't rig elections." According to Mugabe, his conscience would not let him sleep at night if he tried to rig the election. Tsvangirai also voted in Harare, saying that he was certain of victory "in spite of the regime's attempt
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Talks to unite the two MDC factions behind the candidacy of Tsvangirai, the leader of the main faction, broke down on 3 February 2008. Mutambara apologised to the people for this failure, while Tsvangirai said that unity could not be imposed by force. Analysts viewed the opposition's failure to unite
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said that ZANU–PF intended to contest the results of 16 House of Assembly seats. Describing the election as the worst he had ever seen, Mutasa alleged that some Electoral Commission officials had taken bribes to manipulate the results in favour of the MDC and said that some had confessed to this. He
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On 14 April, an MDC lawyer said that the party had filed "about 60 applications to the Electoral Court" regarding seats in the House of Assembly, requesting that "the declarations of the results be set aside." The MDC alleged fraud, intimidation, and interference with electoral officers, saying that
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The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission finished the official counting late in the night of 2 April, four full days after the vote. This raised complaints from the opposition parties, which argued the government was trying to rig the vote, but in the end the opposition MDC (split between two factions) won
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Also on 20 May, in response to Chinamasa's proposal in the previous week to establish joint ZANU–PF/MDC committees to bring an end to the violence, Chamisa said that the MDC was willing to participate in these committees, but he nevertheless strongly criticised ZANU–PF. He said that ZANU–PF had made
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At a news conference in Nairobi on 19 May, Biti said that the military intelligence directorate was in charge of the alleged plot to kill Tsvangirai and that 18 snipers were involved; he claimed that military intelligence had a hit list composed of 36 to 40 names, beginning with Tsvangirai, himself,
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Tsvangirai announced at a press conference in Pretoria on 10 May that he would contest the second round, calling for it to be held within three weeks of the announcement of results. He said that the MDC had consulted its supporters before making this "very difficult" decision and that its supporters
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Kingsley Mamabolo, the head of South Africa's delegation to the SADC observer mission, said on 7 May that the second round could not take place in the existing atmosphere of violence. According to Mamabalo, Mbeki had sent a team to investigate the violence. On 8 May, the MDC raised its claimed death
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stated that the MDC had reached a decision, but that it would only be announced once the date for the run-off had been set. A meeting of SADC's political, defence and security committee in Angola resulted in a statement on 5 May calling on the Zimbabwean government to ensure security in the run-off.
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At a meeting in Harare on 3 May, the MDC leadership did not make a decision on whether to contest the second round; Tsvangirai participated in the meeting from Johannesburg through video link-up. On the same day, MDC Vice-President Thokozani Khupe described a run-off as "unlikely", but vowed that if
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called on SADC, the AU, and the UN to act to prevent the situation from deteriorating further, warning of the possibility of "genocide" if they did not. The statement alleged that "organised violence" was being employed against those suspected of supporting the MDC and that MDC supporters were being
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on the same day, Tsvangirai claimed that presidential envoys had approached the MDC on 30 March, immediately following the election, and proposed the formation of a government of national unity. According to Tsvangirai, the MDC had been willing to consider this and had also been willing to guarantee
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Tsvangirai, while still asserting victory, said on 15 April that he would be willing to participate in a second round under certain conditions: he wanted SADC to oversee the election, for it to be conducted "transparently, freely and fairly", and for all international observers to be free to monitor
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Other changes agreed upon in the talks between ZANU–PF and the MDC included the posting of results outside of polling stations and the provision that, if state television aired any candidate's advertising, then it had to also air advertising from other candidates. Security laws that could be used to
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reported that Samuel Sandla Khumalo won the constituency of Mpopomo for MDC-Tsvangirai by soundly defeating Minister of Information Sikhanyiso Ndlovu, the ZANU–PF candidate. On 29 June 2008, the Voice of America reported that ZANU–PF was victorious in the by-elections in Redcliff and Gwanda South.
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On 31 March, after a significant delay, the Electoral Commission announced results for the first six seats. The first to be announced was an MDC victory in Chegutu West constituency, followed by five others; three of the first six seats were won by ZANU–PF and three by the MDC. Later in the day, 18
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The ZESN alleged on 16 May that its observers were being attacked by ZANU–PF supporters and that some had been injured to the point of requiring hospitalisation. According to ZESN chairman Noel Kututwa, some of the group's observers had reported that it was "no longer safe to observe the election",
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on the same day, Chiweshe said that additional time was needed for the second round because "resources were depleted during the first election"; he stressed that the second round would be "just as big as any general election" and that "substantial" resources would be required. Speaking at a liberal
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The BBC reported on 9 May that a Zimbabwean policeman had told it that there were plans to have war veterans present in polling stations during the second round, while dressed in police uniforms, to intimidate opposition supporters. On the same day, Mbeki arrived in Harare for talks with Mugabe and
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called on all party members to vote for Mugabe in the second round, describing him as "a man who has transformed this country from being a colony to an independent, sovereign and dynamic state". According to Shamuyarira, many ZANU–PF supporters neglected to vote in the first round because they were
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said that the Electoral Commission could not be relied upon to handle the second round, and it called on the UN and the AU to supervise it instead. Meanwhile, the Progressive Teachers Union alleged that violence was being directed at teachers because they often served as election officers, with the
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reported that the police were searching for evidence that Electoral Commission officials had been bribed through ZESN to manipulate the election results. ZESN chairman Noel Kututwa said that the police "had a search warrant which stated that they were looking for subversive material which is likely
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The High Court on 14 April dismissed the MDC's petition requesting the immediate release of results, and the party was ordered to pay the court costs. Although he denounced the ruling, Tsvangirai said that the MDC would not appeal it because the party did not want to contribute to any further delay
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On 13 April, the Electoral Commission ordered a recount in 23 constituencies, which was to occur on 19 April in the presence of party representatives and electoral observers. According to Electoral Commission chairman George Chiweshe, there were "reasonable grounds for believing that the votes were
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claimed victory for the MDC at a news conference, saying that the party held the lead based on partial and unofficial results and that the trend was "irreversible". According to the MDC, results from 35% of polling stations (as posted on the doors of the polling stations) showed Tsvangirai with 67%
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In its preliminary report on 30 March, the SADC observer mission gave the election a positive assessment, although it noted some concerns. Jose Marcos Barrica, the head of the mission, described the election as "a peaceful and credible expression of the will of the people of Zimbabwe." He said that
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Mugabe spoke about Makoni's candidacy for the first time on 21 February, calling it "absolutely disgraceful", comparing Makoni to a prostitute, and saying that Makoni had a self-important attitude. Mugabe also said on the same occasion that Western countries would not be permitted to send observers
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House of Assembly seat and the Zaka Senate seat, which was initiated by ZANU–PF, it was announced on 23 April that the MDC had retained both seats with no changes in the vote tally. All parties expressed satisfaction with the process, and the MDC provincial chairman for Masvingo, Wilstaff Stemele,
2610:
Chinamasa said on 9 April that the Electoral Commission had accepted ZANU–PF's requests for recounts in five constituencies, but rejected the requests for seven constituencies; the Electoral Commission had not yet reached a decision regarding the party's requests for nine other constituencies. The
2557:
By 1 April, results for 131 seats had been released: ZANU–PF had 64 seats, the MDC (Tsvangirai) had 62 seats, and the MDC (Mutambara) had 5 seats. Biti, claiming victory for the MDC, said on 2 April that the MDC had won 110 seats (99 for the Tsvangirai faction and 11 for the Mutambara faction) and
2026:
in Northern Ireland, Tsvangirai said that 27 June date was illegal and that the government was "changing goal posts to suit themselves" but reiterated his intention to participate; while expressing confidence in victory, he described the MDC as "a government-in-waiting that is not prepared to wait
1869:
expressed scepticism regarding the potential for a free and fair second round under the circumstances, alleging that "the government has done everything it can to both delay and obscure the results" and that it was intimidating and abusing the opposition. Similarly, British Foreign Secretary David
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represented Tsvangirai; Makoni was present in person. Talks were to continue on 2 May. MDC spokesperson George Sibotshiwe said that the MDC wanted the Electoral Commission to account for 120,000 votes which, according to the commission, went to Mugabe, although Sibotshiwe said that ZANU–PF had not
1819:
Chiweshe said on 26 April that he expected the recount to be complete by 28 April. At that point, according to Chiweshe, the presidential candidates or their agents would be invited "to a verification and collation exercise, leading to the announcement of the results of the presidential election".
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On 28 April, the Harare High Court ordered that all of the people arrested at the MDC headquarters be released. The police did not immediately do so, but Bvudzijena said that 29 people had been released, most of them women, the elderly, and infants; he also said that the police had asked those who
1407:
and a former Defence Minister, appealed to Mugabe to retire because he had been rejected by the people. "I have information from very reliable sources that on 1 April, everyone had the results including those of the presidential elections," he said. "The President wanted to go but there are people
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Voting began at 7 am on 29 March and continued for 12 hours, with polling stations closing at 7 pm, although voters who were still in line at that point were allowed to continue voting. Turnout was reported to be somewhat low, and according to police the voting was for the most part calm
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that the two MDC factions were reuniting, enabling the MDC to have a clear parliamentary majority. Tsvangirai said that Mugabe could not remain President without a parliamentary majority. On the same day, Silaigwana announced that the recounts for the final five constituencies had been completed,
2650:, a South African Member of Parliament and SADC observer in the election, said on 21 April that the recount was "fatally flawed"; she said that she had seen evidence of tampering with the ballot boxes, along with other problems, and that she believed the recount was being used to rig the results.
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said that the US was working with countries in the region "to help ensure that there are the proper conditions for a free and fair runoff election", including the independence of the Electoral Commission, the presence of international observers, lack of intimidation of the opposition by the army,
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ZCTU leaders Matombo and Chibebe were released on bail on 19 May by Judge Ben Hlatshwayo. Along with other restrictions, Hlatshwayo ordered that they "not address any political gatherings" until the conclusion of their case. In a statement on the same day, Human Rights Watch called on the African
2013:
Amnesty International said on 15 May that violence was approaching "crisis levels", alleging that MDC supporters were being attacked in a district in Midlands Province as well as in a district in Mashonaland Central; the group placed the death toll from post-electoral violence at 22. According to
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reported that 215 people had been arrested in the raid on Harvest House. Bvudzijena, the police spokesman, said that the police were looking for individuals who had engaged in violence following the election, specifically referring to arson attacks on "four homesteads, tobacco barns and fowl runs
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In a report on 19 April, Human Rights Watch alleged that ZANU–PF members were "setting up torture camps to systematically target, beat, and torture people suspected of having voted for the MDC", both to punish them and to pressure them into voting for Mugabe in a potential second round. The group
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The Public Holidays and Prohibition of Business Notice 2008, published on 17 March, declared 29 March to be a public holiday. This was accompanied by the Presidential Powers (Temporary Measures) (Amendment of Electoral Act) (No. 2) Regulations, 2008, which allows police to enter polling stations.
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In late 2006 a plan was proposed that would have delayed the elections to 2010, at the same time as the next parliamentary election, which was said to be a cost-saving measure. This would have lengthened President Mugabe's term by two years. However, there was reportedly dissent within the ruling
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published on 11 May 2008, Chiweshe stated that the run-off round would not be held within the three weeks, but at a later date. He said that the Electoral Commission still needed money to be allocated by the government. Meanwhile, Chinamasa stated that the government would not consider admitting
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Chiweshe suggested on 6 May that the second round might be held after the 21-day period following the announcement of results that is specified in the Electoral Act, noting that the Electoral Commission could extend the time if necessary, although he said that the Commission intended to hold the
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Various attacks on farmers have been reported; in one instance, 10 farm workers were reportedly ambushed and beaten by ZANU–PF supporters, and in another instance a farmworker was reportedly stabbed to death. One farmer said that his family was held hostage on 23 April by war veterans seeking to
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The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) on 28 March admitted that the voters' roll to be used in the elections was "in shambles" after the opposition had unearthed 8,000 voters who according to the roll, were "normally resident" in a block that has no buildings and a shack that had 75 registered
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on 28 March, predicted that ZANU–PF would win 137 House of Assembly seats and 41 Senate seats, that the MDC faction led by Tsvangirai would win 53 House of Assembly seats and 13 Senate seats, and that the MDC faction led by Mutambara would win 18 House of Assembly seats and six Senate seats. The
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threatened Makoni, and ZANU–PF declared Makoni to be expelled from the party; it said that anyone supporting him would be expelled as well. On 11 February, Tsvangirai confirmed that he would be the candidate of his faction of the MDC in the election, ending speculation that he might rally behind
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published an opinion piece by Obediah Mukura Mazombwe on 23 April that called for negotiations mediated by SADC that would lead to the establishment of a transitional government of national unity, including both ZANU–PF and the MDC. Mazombwe argued that the political and economic situation made
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said: "The delay between the expiry of the 48-hour period and the writing of the letters of complaint by ZEC is inexplicable, unreasonable. The only inference one can draw from the delay is that the commission has connived with ZANU–PF and therefore acted illegally." He requested proof that the
2752:
On 3 April, the Electoral Commission said that the announcement of Senate results was being delayed because of "logistical problems". Late on the same day, the Electoral Commission released the first Senate results: five seats for ZANU–PF and five for the MDC. On 4 April, ZANU–PF Secretary for
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The recount of votes in 23 constituencies began on 19 April, with party representatives and foreign electoral observers present. It was initially expected to take three days, but due to delays on the first day at some polling stations, Utoile Silaigwana, the Electoral Commission's deputy chief
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Although Tsvangirai had been expected to return to Zimbabwe on 17 May, MDC spokesman George Sibotshiwe announced on that day that his return had been delayed due to information the party had received regarding a claimed plot to assassinate Tsvangirai. Some observers suggested that Tsvangirai's
2001:
alleged that the diplomats were engaged in a "spirited campaign to demonise the government ahead of the presidential election run-off" and said that they had "circumvent diplomatic protocol" during their trip by going more than 40 kilometres from Harare without obtaining the Foreign Ministry's
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Mbeki met with religious leaders on 2 May and expressed displeasure with what he described as interference by the United States and the United Kingdom that he said was subverting his attempts at mediation. On 4 May, the US embassy and the British High Commission in South Africa expressed their
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The recount of votes in 23 constituencies began on 19 April, with party representatives and foreign electoral observers present. It was initially expected to take three days, but due to delays on the first day at some polling stations, Utoile Silaigwana, the Electoral Commission's deputy chief
1324:
On 15 April, the High Court's Judge Antonia Guvava deferred hearing an MDC legal challenge regarding the recount of ballots, saying that she needed time to read Uchena's ruling dismissing the request for the release of results on the previous day. She also said that she needed time to consider
2005:
SADC Executive Secretary Tomaz Salomão said on 14 May that SADC intended to send 200 or more observers (possibly over 300) to Zimbabwe for the second round. He also said that SADC would not send any peacekeepers and urged the parties to behave responsibly. According to Salomão, SADC could not
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CNN reported on 30 April that a "unidentified senior official" credited Tsvangirai with 47% and Mugabe with 43%. Matonga said on 1 May that the government had its own results, and that according to these results a second round would be necessary, although he gave no specifics. A spokesman for
1827:
reported that "sources close to the electoral commission" claimed that Tsvangirai had received about 47–50% of the vote, but not a majority. On the same day, the MDC alleged that the number of people killed in post-election violence had risen to 20, while Human Rights Watch's Africa director,
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on the same day, ZANU–PF spokesman Nathan Shamuyarira denied the existence of any plan to kill Tsvangirai, saying that it had "no foundation whatsoever except in his own dreams". Similarly, Matonga said that the claim of an assassination plot was "stupid". US Ambassador James McGee called on
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On 2 May, Chief Elections Officer Lovemore Sekeramayi announced that Tsvangirai had received 47.9%, Mugabe had received 43.2%, Makoni had received 8.3%, and Towungana had received 0.6%. According to Sekeramayi, a second round would be "held on a date to be advised by the commission". The MDC
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Biti, speaking at a press conference in Johannesburg on 20 April, described Zimbabwe as a "war zone" and urged the mobilisation of UN organisations in the country, saying that the situation was no longer merely a political crisis, but a humanitarian crisis as well. According to Biti, 500 MDC
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this offer only due to international pressure, that the violence was ongoing (by this point the MDC placed the death toll at 43), as part of a "grand plan to rig the elections" by attacking MDC supporters and displacing them from their constituencies, and he doubted that ZANU–PF would stop.
2602:, retained his seat for Tsholotsho North, narrowly beating contender Robert Ncube from the MDC-AM. The results became complete, with all 210 seats assigned, after by-elections in the constituencies of Mpopoma, Redcliff, and Gwanda South were contested on 27 June 2008. On 28 June 2008, the
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ZANU–PF had bought votes and that its own votes had been undercounted. On 18 April, High Court Judge Antonia Guvava dismissed the MDC's application to stop the recount that was requested by ZANU–PF, ruling that the application was without merit and requiring the MDC to pay court costs.
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called an emergency Pan-African Citizens consultative meeting to be held in Dar es Salaam. It was to urge the African Union to take action on the election crisis in Zimbabwe. It brings together representatives of civil society, the legal fraternity, trade unions, academia and others.
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said that in the violence following the election, 22 people had been killed and 900 had been tortured. However, the group said that it had become "impossible to properly document all cases" due to the scale of the violence, which the group claimed had seriously worsened during May.
1997:, were questioned by police for about 45 minutes at a checkpoint near Harare; they were also questioned when visiting a rural hospital and meeting with people who had been injured in violence following the election. The US government criticised this as "harassment". On 14 May,
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by doing so. Meanwhile, Rindai Chipfunde-Vava, the Director of the Zimbabwe Election Support Network, which projected that Tsvangirai had received 49% of the vote, was arrested when arriving at the airport in Harare. He was held briefly for questioning before being released.
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met with Mugabe on 1 May; afterwards, he said that Mugabe would participate in the second round and that Mugabe had pledged to "unhesitatingly accept the results of the second round and urged the opposition to take the same approach." Tsvangirai said in an interview with
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According to the MDC candidate for Makoni South, Pishai Muchauraya, ballot papers in wards 29 and 30 of Makoni South, which is strongly pro-MDC, ran out after two hours of voting. Muchauraya said that 300 people had voted by that point, with another 1,000 still waiting.
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On 17 April, Tsvangirai, speaking from Johannesburg, said that Mbeki should be "relieved of his duties" as mediator, and that he had asked Mwanawasa to "lead a new initiative, an initiative that will expand beyond that of Mr Mbeki". Meanwhile, in an interview with the
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in the lead, but without the majority needed to avoid a second round, whilst the MDC declared that Tsvangirai won a narrow majority in the first round and initially refused to participate in any second round. After the recount and the verification of the results, the
1820:
Chief Elections Officer Lovemore Sekeramayi and the candidates agreed that during this exercise both the MDC and ZANU–PF would collate their own figures, which would be compared afterwards; if there were discrepancies, the figures would be cross-checked.
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for the election. Also on 21 February, the MDC factions said that their dialogue with ZANU–PF, which collapsed after the announcement of the election date in January, had failed. The factions said that the outcome of the election would not be legitimate.
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released a joint statement calling for the results "to be released expeditiously and in accordance with the due process of law" and for "a speedy, credible and genuinely democratic resolution to this situation". Biti met with former UN Secretary-General
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criticised Mugabe, saying that he had "failed" Zimbabwe, and accused the Zimbabwean government of intimidating the people; Bush also said that it was the responsibility of other countries in the region to "step up and lead" with regard to Zimbabwe.
1902:. Ping was reported to have had "very constructive" discussions with Mugabe, as well as a "working meeting" with Chiweshe in which they "reviewed the entire electoral process from the start" and "look at all the scenarios for the coming weeks".
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to subvert the will of the people"; he also claimed that the election could not be considered free and fair even if the MDC won. For his part, Makoni predicted that he would win with a score even higher than the 72% he had previously predicted.
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Nearly complete results for the House of Assembly on 2 April showed ZANU–PF losing its parliamentary majority: the MDC (Tsvangirai) had 96 seats, ZANU–PF had 94 seats, the MDC (Mutambara) had nine seats, and one seat was won by an independent,
1835:
At the collation meeting on 1 May, the MDC presented their figures, which gave Tsvangirai 50.3%, thus avoiding a run-off; the ZEC tally, however, showed him with 47.8% to Mugabe's 43.2%. Emmerson Mnangagwa represented Mugabe at the meeting and
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In the parliamentary elections, ZANU–PF lost its majority in the House of Assembly for the first time since independence in 1980, as the two factions of the MDC won most of the seats; a month after the election, the MDC factions merged.
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According to Chiweshe, ZANU–PF candidates in 23 constituencies lodged complaints within the prescribed 48 hours after the end of voting, and therefore their complaints could be considered under the Electoral Act. However, on 13 April,
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On 25 January 2008, the date of the election was announced as 29 March. A spokesperson for the faction of the MDC led by Morgan Tsvangirai denounced this as "an act of madness and arrogance", while the leader of the other MDC faction,
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also attempted to run, but the Electoral Commission rejected his nomination papers. Mutambara announced on the same day that he would not run for president and would instead back Makoni, while contesting the parliamentary election in
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would have felt "betrayed" if he chose not to participate. However, he made his participation conditional on "unfettered access of all international observers", the "reconstitution" of the Electoral Commission, and free access for
1915:
sure that Mugabe would win. The party also called on its members, as well as opposition supporters, to avoid violence. The MDC alleged that five more of its supporters were killed on 5 May, bringing its claimed death toll to 25.
1120:, another MP of the MDC Mutambara faction who was standing as a candidate, died in a car crash. He had represented Silobela constituency in the House of Assembly and was running in 2008 as a candidate in Redcliff constituency.
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The House of Assembly was expanded from 150 to 210 members, all elected, in the 2008 election, while the Senate expanding to 93 seats, 60 of which were directly elected (six from each province). There were 29 constituencies in
1304:
miscounted and that the miscount would affect the results of this election". Chamisa said on the same day that the MDC would legally challenge the recount, alleging that it was "designed to reverse the will of the people".
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expressed confidence that the party would also retain the other seats involved in the recount. Silaigwana said on the same day that "recounting in all the remaining constituencies is about 75 percent complete except in
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failure to return called into his question his leadership qualities and made it appear that he was afraid of Mugabe and unwilling to risk coming to harm despite the risks taken by his supporters remaining in Zimbabwe.
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On 15 February 2008, Mugabe, Tsvangirai, and Makoni filed their nomination papers and were confirmed as candidates by Ignatius Mushangwe, the Electoral Commission's presiding officer. Mugabe's papers were submitted by
1950:
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claimed on 30 March that the Tsvangirai MDC faction had won all 12 of the House of Assembly seats from Bulawayo and five out of six Senate seats from Bulawayo, saying that the remaining Senate seat had gone to
1828:
Georgette Gagnon, alleged that "the army and its allies... are intensifying their brutal grip on wide swathes of rural Zimbabwe to ensure that a possible second round of presidential elections goes their way".
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Union to "publicly demand that the Zimbabwean government halt its campaign of violence, torture and intimidation", alleging that at least 27 people had been killed. Meanwhile, US State Department spokesperson
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appointed an additional 17 High Court judges to the Electoral Court on 29 April, with the appointments being effective until 29 April 2009; previously there had been only three judges on the Electoral Court.
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As a result, the 2008 election ultimately resulted in the House of Assembly having 110 members of the combined MDC factions (100 for the MDC-T, 10 for the MDC-M), 99 members of ZANU–PF, and one independent.
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and Chamisa. Nevertheless, Biti said that Tsvangirai would return soon. Matonga said that the government had no knowledge of such a plot and that Tsvangirai was "playing to the international media gallery".
2038:
stated on 16 May that all observers who had been invited for the first round would automatically qualify to observe the second round, as well; this includes the AU, the Pan African Parliament, SADC and the
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force them off their property. Zimbabwean officials, however, alleged that activists of the MDC, disguised as ZANU–PF members, had perpetrated violence against the population, mimicking the tactics of the
1392:
asserted that there must be high-level complicity in this and criticised SADC and Mbeki for inaction. According to Human Rights Watch, it interviewed over 30 people who had suffered injuries in the camps.
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and the international press. Additionally, he wanted SADC peacekeepers to be present. He expressed his intention to return to Zimbabwe soon. Later on the same day, Tsvangirai met with Angolan President
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1967:; he told dos Santos that, if he won the election, Mugabe would still be highly regarded as the "father of the nation", apparently retreating from his suggestion in April that Mugabe could face trial.
2629:, was arrested and appeared in court on 15 April, where she pleaded not guilty to forging the signatures of four people on the nomination papers that she submitted to the Electoral Court in February.
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The MDC said that ballot papers ran out at a polling station in Mt Dzuma constituency and in Wards 29 and 30 of Makoni South constituency (both constituencies in Manicaland). It also claimed that the
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of the Mutambara MDC faction. He also claimed an overwhelming victory for the MDC in Harare, along with victories in other parts of the country, such as Manicaland, Masvingo, and Mashonaland West.
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the national to the local level had to share the blame. Mugabe also accused the MDC of terrorising ZANU–PF supporters in rural areas and warned the MDC that it was "playing a very dangerous game".
2726:, the Judge President of the High Court, said on 9 May that the cases would have to be completed within six months and that any requests for it to be delayed beyond that would not be accepted.
1197:
1577:, a dormitory town of Harare, clashes occurred between supporters of MDC candidates from the rival factions on 30 March. This came after supporters of Marvellous Khumalo claimed victory over
1161:, a former Finance Minister who was a leading member of ZANU–PF, formally announced on 5 February 2008 that he would be a candidate, running as an independent, but campaigning through the
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Tsvangirai to return, noting his security concerns but saying that "as a strong leader, he should be back showing his people that he cares every bit as much for them as they do for him."
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An amendment to the Electoral Act in 2005 meant that this was the first time a presidential candidate was required to win a majority of the vote, introducing a second round if necessary.
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with his toughest electoral challenge to date. Mugabe's opponents were critical of the handling of the electoral process, and the government was accused of planning to rig the election.
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leaders for 12 April to discuss the post-election impasse. According to Mwanawasa, Zimbabwe's "deepening problems" meant that the issue needed to be "dealt with at presidential level".
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At a press conference in Accra on 22 April, Tsvangirai asked African leaders to acknowledge his claimed victory and said that Mugabe needed to make a "graceful" and "honourable" exit.
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1104:. Three candidates of the MDC faction led by Mutambara died prior to the election, resulting in the elections for those seats being delayed. Glory Makwati, a candidate in the
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1581:, began celebrating, and engaged in provocations towards Sikhala. Five people were reported injured, and Klumalo and Sikhala were both arrested, along with 13 MDC activists.
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as making Mugabe's re-election a near-certainty, although Tsvangirai, while expressing regret, said that he believed the opposition still had "a fighting chance" of victory.
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According to Chinamasa, speaking to the press in Harare on 11 May, the newly elected MPs would not be sworn in until after the second round of the presidential election.
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Some Zimbabweans living in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa held protests and mock voting in response to their exclusion from the election.
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Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. (2010). "Mugabe's Zimbabwe, 2000–2009: Massive Human Rights Violations and the Failure to Protect". Human Rights Quarterly. 32 (4): 898–920.
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constituency. Later in the day, additional results were released, leaving Tsvangirai's MDC with 30 seats, ZANU–PF with 31 seats, and Mutambara's MDC with five seats.
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additional seats were declared, also split evenly between the parties, leaving both ZANU–PF and the MDC with a total of 12. In one of these seats, Justice Minister
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on the same day that a second round could not be held in an atmosphere in which Mugabe was "unleashing violence, death squads and violence against our structures".
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Electoral Commission chairman George Chiweshe said on 23 April that he expected presidential results to be released during the forthcoming weekend (26 April–27).
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prevent MDC rallies were also moderated. The new rules also stipulated that presidential results may only be announced by the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission.
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By 18 April, seven Electoral Commission officials had been arrested and had appeared in court. One official was charged with manipulating results for the
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No official results were announced for more than a month after the first round. The failure to release results was strongly criticised by the opposition
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The ZEC published an announcement in the government gazette on 16 May 2008 stating that the run-off would be held on 27 June 2008. In an interview with
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describe the situation as safe or fair for the time being, but he hoped that SADC could "create a conducive environment for everybody to be confident".
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It has been claimed, based on the initial recounts, that the recount strategy of ZANU–PF has failed because neither side is gaining or losing seats.
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a majority at the Assembly, with 109 of 210 seats, while the government ZANU–PF achieved 97. The single independent MP in the outgoing parliament,
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The verification and collation of presidential results was scheduled to begin on 1 May at the Harare International Conference Centre. On 30 April,
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had been tortured to death in military barracks – one of over thirty dissidents killed by ZANU–PF supporters, according to the British newspaper.
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3036:, meanwhile, said that he thought results should have already been announced, and he described the failure to release them as "unprecedented".
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1478:, additionally said that an arms embargo should be imposed on Zimbabwe, but Zuma said that he did not think that was necessary. Meanwhile,
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claimed those votes. According to Sibotshiwe, if Tsvangirai was credited with these 120,000 votes, he would have a first-round majority.
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said on 17 April that, if a second round was held, international observers should be present. On 18 April, the foreign ministers of the
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There were about 5.9 million registered voters and about 11,000 polling stations, compared to about 4,000 polling stations in the
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7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
4429:
3876:
1891:
1882:
1498:
published an article which claims that former Selous Scouts are training MDC youth activists in violent tactics, at locations near
1454:
752:
6613:
6593:
6542:
6450:
5897:
5440:
5377:
4718:
4453:
4303:
1975:
Western observers unless Western governments revoked their sanctions against Zimbabwe. Also on 11 May, 58 opposition activists in
6997:
4051:
3800:
3327:
880:
876:
3780:
7577:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7369:
7182:
6932:
3353:
3029:
2700:
North, Gutu South, and Buhera South had been won by the MDC (Tsvangirai), and Lupane East had been won by the MDC (Mutambara).
1539:
to be used to overthrow a constitutionally elected government", and he said that they had seized computer equipment and files.
1435:
1025:
970:, which unsuccessfully sought an order from the High Court to force their release. An independent projection placed its leader
767:
764:
761:
755:
236:
4700:
1085:. Unlike in previous elections, when constituency voter rolls were used, ward voter rolls were used in the 2008 election. The
7216:
7211:
3693:
3285:
810:
54:
6522:
4485:
3949:
1486:, of which he is chairman, would be willing to get involved to help resolve the situation if regional leaders requested it.
7648:
1262:
used for voting could be removed with detergent. Biti said that there was "absolutely no doubt we have won this election".
823:
2732:
Reportedly, twenty ZANU–PF lawmakers have joined the opposition; if that is true, they will have to face by-elections, as
7653:
7121:
5969:
2848:
2223:
7167:
6895:
6664:
5138:
919:
608:
6733:
4853:
1388:
on 18 April, and on 19 April Annan suggested that African leaders should be doing more to help resolve the situation.
7638:
6925:
6912:
4403:
1931:
1237:
survey was based on the views of 10,322 participants, and all of the country's wards were represented in the survey.
4889:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7374:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7206:
2902:
2343:
779:
776:
773:
758:
246:
66:
6856:
5671:
5510:
5338:
5221:
4241:
4127:
4083:
3223:
3168:
2615:
said that the MDC would challenge the recount, alleging that it was "designed to reverse the will of the people".
1143:
was one of the first to announce he would be ready to contest the election for ZANU–PF if Mugabe chose to retire.
7427:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
3079:
2442:
1557:
1404:
1287:
it was free of violence and intimidation. Two members of the mission dissented from the group's report, however.
1272:
The ZEC allegedly contravened the Electoral Act by failing to make available to the MDC a hard copy of the roll.
2736:
automatically causes a by-election to be called for the respective constituency under Zimbabwean electoral law.
1332:
On 21 April 2008, a South African member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) observer team, MP
1092:
Prior to the election being held, ZANU–PF won two seats where it was unopposed: the House of Assembly seat from
7633:
3095:
2758:
also alleged that some Electoral Commission officials had instructed voters to vote for opposition candidates.
6917:
1494:
during the liberation struggle. They alleged that there was a "predominance" of Selous Scouts in the MDC. The
7246:
7160:
7080:
4470:
1086:
976:
912:
853:
805:
695:
6830:
3365:
3304:
1458:
1200:
attempted to run, but his papers were rejected because they were judged as not meeting the criteria, while
2101:
was arrested on 20 May for alleged responsibility for violence in Mashonaland East, while another MDC MP,
7090:
3019:
5102:
4771:
5541:
3436:
2322:
963:
said that the election was likely to be "deeply flawed." The elections were characterized by violence.
643:
7643:
3109:
727:
7065:
5811:
5573:
5415:
5358:
5316:
5242:
4368:
4280:
4263:
4028:
3970:
2047:
but he nevertheless said that ZESN planned to "have as many polling stations covered as possible".
1216:. Makoni nevertheless stressed that he was running alone and was "not in an alliance with anyone".
613:
601:
6290:
3897:
3110:"Voting and Violence in Competitive Autocracies: The Case of the 2008 Runoff Election in Zimbabwe"
1946:
was met by Mugabe at the airport. Mbeki returned to South Africa after about four hours of talks.
467:
7060:
3001:
2741:
2670:", and he anticipated that full results would be ready by the forthcoming weekend (26–27 April).
1964:
1423:
979:(ZEC) announced on 2 May that Tsvangirai won 47.9% of the vote and Mugabe 43.2%, necessitating a
898:
3053:
1886:
intent of deterring them from acting in that role in the second round, and threatened a strike.
5039:
2761:
Final Senate results were released on 5 April, showing the MDC and ZANU–PF with 30 seats each.
2040:
2035:
1923:
1229:
948:
678:
359:
6014:
5950:
7198:
7190:
6679:
6573:
5874:
5542:"Zimbabwe's opposition leader won't say if he'll take part in runoff until election date set"
2077:
free media access, and the ability for the opposition to move around the country peacefully.
1475:
1416:
1333:
1251:
and peaceful, although the home of a ZANU–PF parliamentary candidate in Bulawayo was bombed.
944:
835:
830:
740:
631:
6792:
6760:
6390:
6342:
5167:
4560:
4205:
4006:
3757:
2770:
2525:
2098:
1866:
1845:
1824:
648:
578:
1529:, and the offices of the Zimbabwe Elections Support Network (ZESN) in Harare on 25 April.
1325:
whether the MDC could file new evidence that was not included in the original affidavits.
8:
6991:
6084:
2718:
2583:
2119:
1686:
1162:
1058:
952:
888:
660:
4426:
4189:
3873:
7419:
7116:
6610:
6590:
6539:
6519:
6447:
5437:
5374:
4715:
4450:
4300:
2733:
2714:
2689:
1911:
1895:
1894:, arrived in Harare late on 4 May, along with the AU's political affairs commissioner,
1181:
1078:
1074:
997:
960:
683:
636:
6277:
4048:
3797:
3421:
3331:
2105:
was arrested on 21 May for allegedly inciting junior officers in the police to rebel.
1942:, were arrested for allegedly inciting rebellion when speaking at a rally on May Day.
1108:
constituency, died in late February; this was followed on 29 February by the death of
7004:
6976:
3777:
3516:
3281:
3127:
2547:
1959:
1703:
1629:
1189:
1166:
1148:
1050:
971:
840:
409:
322:
133:
7106:
5657:
4996:
4955:
3273:
3117:
2711:
that the results were being collated and that they would be published on 29 April.
2706:
On 28 April 2008, Tsvangirai and Mutambara announced at a joint news conference in
2667:
2571:
2521:
1935:
1526:
1503:
1479:
1066:
1062:
1005:
980:
3690:
3122:
2133:
6863:
6837:
6799:
6767:
6686:
6630:
6617:
6597:
6546:
6482:
6466:
6454:
6431:
6397:
6361:
6349:
6297:
6159:
5881:
5831:
5818:
5678:
5580:
5444:
5422:
5381:
5345:
5323:
5249:
5228:
5205:
5174:
5122:
4922:
4905:
4850:
4722:
4567:
4489:
4482:
4457:
4433:
4410:
4307:
4248:
4225:
4134:
4108:
4055:
4035:
4013:
3989:
3977:
3953:
3946:
3904:
3880:
3816:
3804:
3784:
3764:
3741:
3725:
3709:
3697:
3602:
3580:
3443:
3405:
3389:
3230:
3175:
2678:
2061:
1899:
866:
6705:
6558:
5759:
5493:
5398:
5301:
4938:
4545:
3931:
3916:
3844:
3832:
3547:
3460:
3251:
1462:
forced to repeat ZANU–PF slogans; it appealed for an end to voter intimidation.
1175:
117:
6947:
3025:
2754:
2692:, who was the ZANU–PF candidate for the Gutu Senate seat but lost to the MDC's
2654:
2612:
2587:
2551:
2073:
1994:
1544:
1510:
1412:
1309:
1185:
1097:
430:
343:
5951:"Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU-PF says to launch run-off campaign when ZEC sets date"
3277:
7622:
6964:
6526:
5046:
4857:
3131:
2599:
2575:
2563:
2539:
1811:
1655:
1491:
1443:
1313:
1259:
1201:
1144:
956:
544:
388:
301:
208:
193:
128:
7054:
6987:
6343:"7 ministers fall as opposition overturns Zanu PF's majority in parliament"
2707:
2056:
1837:
1681:
1158:
653:
587:
6779:
1442:, Ghana, on 21 April, and he urged intervention by the United Nations and
1370:
2794:
2567:
2534:
2160:
1660:
1578:
1574:
1431:
1376:
1291:
383:
296:
212:
197:
145:
110:
4212:
4170:
4168:
3033:
2579:
1400:
1385:
1140:
1054:
6291:"Nerves On Edge In Harare As Zimbabwe Election Count Enters Day Three"
3898:"Former Finance Minister Makoni Jumps Into Zimbabwe Presidential Race"
1856:
3051:
1887:
1850:
4165:
3054:"The Elections in Zimbabwe on 31 July 2013: A NORDEM Special Report"
1415:, speaking in the British Parliament, described the situation as a "
7185:
3328:"VOA News – Zimbabwe Sets Date for Runoff Amid Increasing Violence"
3016:
International reaction to the 2008 Zimbabwean presidential election
2663:
2123:
Map showing the winner of each constituency and its victory margin.
1874:
support for the role of Mbeki and SADC in mediating the situation.
1349:
Second round of voting in the Zimbabwean presidential election 2008
1082:
1070:
940:
2115:
Constituency results of the 2008 Zimbabwean parliamentary election
1317:
complaints had in fact been made within the acceptable timeframe.
447:
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
6782:, Associated Press (MSNBC), 3 April 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
2023:
3378:"Mugabe begins new term as criticism of one-man election mounts"
2625:, a candidate of the MDC (Tsvangirai) who was elected as MP for
1993:
On the same day, a number of diplomats, including US Ambassador
4471:"Tsvangirai sets conditions for run-off as strike set to begin"
3581:"Zimbabwe: Mugabe 'Could Be Swept Away' If Forced Into Run-Off"
3270:
Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power
1976:
1499:
1204:, formerly of ZANU–PF, appeared too late to submit his papers.
1046:
5812:"More arrests as Zimbabwe's opposition leader prepares return"
5574:"Zimbabwe opposition ponders run-off as AU chief meets Mugabe"
5416:"Zimbabwe opposition chief wins election, no overall majority"
2640:, in an attempt to make the MDC's Modern Chitenga the winner.
1878:
one took place, the MDC would win "by an even bigger margin".
6665:"Zimbabwe's MDC Vows to Boycott Runoff With Mugabe (Update2)"
6015:"Zimbabwe invites foreign observers for presidential run-off"
5832:"Zimbabwe: Western Election Observers Not Welcome – Minister"
1439:
1188:; Makoni submitted his papers in person. A fourth candidate,
955:, the elections were expected to provide incumbent President
6378:"Zimbabwe electoral body highlights qualification of voters"
4570:, Reuters/Associated Press (newzimbabwe.com), 18 April 2008.
3679:"Some of these measures are aimed at stealing the election."
3301:"12 'violent' MDC supporters held: Africa: Zimbabwe: News24"
1367:
mediator, despite Tsvangirai's call for him to be replaced.
7132:
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)
3517:"ZIMBABWE: ZANU-PF wants to make Mugabe president for life"
2566:. Aside from Chinamasa, six other ministers were defeated:
1482:, the former President of Mozambique, said that he and the
1282:
Vote counting for the 2008 Zimbabwean presidential election
4701:
Mugabe party's founder shocked as country hurtles to abyss
4029:"Mugabe labels rebel former finance minister 'prostitute'"
2677:
on 23 April. Results on 25 April showed ZANU–PF candidate
5898:"Zimbabwe MDC says regional observers enough for run-off"
3603:"Zimbabwe: 'Look East' Policy Pays Dividends – President"
1359:
6611:"Zvinavashe concedes after recount, takes aim at Mugabe"
6520:"Zanu PF retains Goromonzi West in first recount result"
5206:"Presidential Poll Results Verification Begins Tomorrow"
3798:"Zimbabwe's Nkomo Announces His Candidacy for President"
3080:"Zimbabwe's opposition party claims early election lead"
1380:
1371:
Allegations of violence, further international response
5156:"Makoni South runs out of ballot papers after 2 hours"
1342:
1135:
Campaigning for Zimbabwean presidential election, 2008
284:
7610:
Elections in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
6591:"Zvimba North recount turns up unopened ballot boxes"
6289:
Sylvia Manika, Blessing Zulu, and Carole Gombakomba,
4890:"Farmers: We were attacked for not voting for Mugabe"
3742:"Zimbabwe: Hungwe Wins Chivi-Mwenezi Election Re-Run"
1171:
Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association
5103:"Nearly 200 Zimbabwe opposition supporters released"
4451:"ZEC promises presidential poll result this weekend"
3354:"Zimbabwe opposition leader pulling out of election"
4851:"Zuma says SA rejected military action on Zimbabwe"
3390:"Zimbabwe: President Mugabe Wins Run-Off, Sworn in"
2636:House of Assembly seat, which was won by ZANU–PF's
1857:
Announcement of results, run-up to the second round
861:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
6902:Research Papers: Issue 12/08, Stadtschlaining 2008
6085:"Murdered: the war veteran who stood up to Mugabe"
4561:"Recount goes ahead as judge rejects MDC petition"
4556:
4554:
549:House of Assembly election results by constituency
5317:"Deadlocked election talks to resume in Zimbabwe"
5243:"Zimbabwe opposition leader on track for victory"
5125:, SW Radio Africa (allAfrica.com), 29 April 2008.
5123:"Over 200 MDC Supporters Released Without Charge"
4923:Zimbabwe: Tsvangirai Asked Khama for Armoured Car
4906:"UN Blocks British, U.S. Attempts to Halt Run-Off
3587:, Johannesburg (allAfrica.com), 21 February 2008.
1598:
1192:, was also confirmed, running as an independent.
7620:
5870:
5868:
5661:USA Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
4427:"Zim recount is 'fatally flawed', says observer"
4383:
4381:
3272:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 216–255,
1951:Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights
1515:Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
1116:, who was running for re-election. On 13 March,
184:
6780:"Zimbabwe opposition offices reportedly raided"
4772:Lawyers call urgent meeting to discuss Zimbabwe
4551:
4281:"Zim electoral commission 'brazen liars' – MDC"
1865:On the same day, US State Department spokesman
6734:Zimbabwe opposition unites – Los Angeles Times
6432:"ZEC Releases Seven More Poll Recount Results"
5312:
5310:
4716:"Dabengwa calls for 'transitional government'"
4049:"Mugabe says Makoni 'worse than a prostitute'"
3662:"Opponent says Mugabe abusing power for votes"
3052:The Norwegian Centre for Human Rights (2014).
2952:Zimbabwe Progressive People's Democratic Party
2533:Following the election, MDC Secretary-General
2282:Zimbabwe Progressive People's Democratic Party
1551:
7168:
7142:Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee
6933:
6448:"MDC challenges 60 House of Assembly results"
5865:
5334:
5332:
5168:"MDC candidates held after St Mary's clashes"
4641:"'Torture, violence are surging in Zimbabwe'"
4483:"56 MDC supporters, MP arrested in crackdown"
4378:
4007:"Mutambara withdraws from race, backs Makoni"
3990:"Presidential Aspirant Goes to Supreme Court"
3817:"Zimbabwe: Muzorewa Plots Political Comeback"
3758:"Gwanda South, Mpopoma polls to be postponed"
3383:
3346:
3266:"Disharmony in the 2008 Harmonised Elections"
3107:
920:
276:
6391:"Makoni demands results, seeks Mugabe talks"
5970:"Zimbabwe run-off announced for end of June"
5912:
5910:
5394:
5392:
5390:
5201:
5199:
4259:
4257:
3971:"Zimbabwe presidential candidates confirmed"
3966:
3964:
3962:
1100:, and the Senate seat from Rushinga, won by
6499:"Zimbabwe recount futile, says SA observer"
6457:, Reuters (newzimbabwe.com), 14 April 2008.
6144:"Assassination claims stupid, says Zanu-PF"
5965:
5963:
5433:
5431:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5307:
5133:
5131:
5117:
5115:
4735:"Mugabe is stealing the election – Britain"
4460:, Reuters (newzimbabwe.com), 23 April 2008.
4388:"Zim vote recount likely to take days: ZEC"
4185:
4183:
3927:
3925:
3691:"Top MDC official calls Mbeki a 'drunkard'"
3623:"Opposition demand electronic voters' roll"
3456:
3454:
3452:
3399:
2813:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
2182:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
1898:, and its peace and security commissioner,
1635:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
1128:
7175:
7161:
6940:
6926:
6852:
6850:
6631:"Zimbabwe: Vote Recount Strategy Misfires"
6540:"MDC retains Zaka West seat after recount"
6512:
6139:
6137:
6064:"Tsvangirai less of a leader than Mugabe?"
5693:"AU demands free, transparent Zim run-off"
5506:
5504:
5502:
5329:
5297:
5295:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5061:
5059:
4541:
4539:
4537:
3956:, AFP (newzimbabwe.com), 11 February 2008.
3637:
3635:
3325:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
2831:Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara
2203:Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara
1564:
927:
913:
6826:
6824:
6793:"Zanu PF claims MDC bribed ZEC officials"
6427:
6425:
6099:
6097:
5907:
5387:
5196:
4899:
4254:
4024:
4022:
3996:, Harare (allAfrica.com), 22 August 2008.
3959:
3857:"Opposition now 'mince-meat' for Zanu-PF"
3558:
3556:
3501:"Zimbabwe's Mugabe to stand in 2008 poll"
3432:
3430:
3263:
3121:
3108:Morris, Helen; Raleigh, Clionadh (2024).
3096:"Mugabe accused of election-rigging plan"
3089:
1430:Tsvangirai met with UN Secretary-General
539:Presidential election results by province
6812:"Zim results will come out 'when ready'"
6718:"No delay beyond six months – Zim court"
6701:
6699:
6675:
6673:
6648:"All eyes on Zim as ZEC wrap-up recount"
6569:
6567:
6467:"MDC-T House of Assembly Elect Arrested"
6408:
6406:
5960:
5846:
5844:
5807:
5805:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5739:
5737:
5658:Campaign of Terror Unleashed in Zimbabwe
5537:
5535:
5428:
5404:
5128:
5112:
5040:"Zimbabwe Cops Arrest Hundreds In Raids"
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4787:"Tsvangirai appeals for UN intervention"
4521:"'Why secret talks with Zanu-PF failed'"
4180:
4148:"Hundreds cast mock ballots in Diaspora"
4123:
4121:
4096:
4094:
4092:
3942:
3940:
3922:
3656:
3654:
3449:
3359:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
2118:
1892:Chairman of the African Union Commission
1883:Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
1520:
1245:
6847:
6761:"Senate results postponed indefinitely"
6574:"Poll recount: MDC-T retains Zaka West"
6483:"Another ZEC Official Appears in Court"
6134:
5875:"Chinamasa says no talks on unity Govt"
5709:"'Atmosphere not conducive to run-off'"
5499:
5292:
5091:
5056:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5011:
5009:
4835:"Zim paper mentions power sharing deal"
4660:"Human Wave Flees Violence in Zimbabwe"
4655:
4653:
4534:
4492:, AFP (newzimbabwe.com), 16 April 2008.
4443:
4329:
4301:"Few options for MDC in poll stalemate"
4264:"MDC to legally challenge vote recount"
4215:, AFP (newzimbabwe.com), 29 March 2008.
4160:"ZEC admits voters' roll 'in shambles'"
3947:"Tsvangirai rules out pact with Makoni"
3770:
3726:"Zimbabwe: Debunking West's Propaganda"
3632:
3617:
3615:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3543:
3541:
3406:"President Sworn in, Appeals for Unity"
3371:
3264:Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba, ed. (2023),
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3138:
2080:On 20 May, ZANU–PF Secretary for Youth
1411:Also on 21 April, UK Foreign Secretary
1184:, while Tsvangirai's were submitted by
7621:
6821:
6422:
6355:
6153:
6094:
5260:
5258:
4870:"Brown, Zuma disagree on arms embargo"
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4516:
4514:
4273:
4226:"Zimbabwe: MDC Announces Lead in Poll"
4102:"MDC: 'No doubt' we have won the poll"
4019:
3553:
3529:"'Mugabe has slapped Mbeki's efforts'"
3427:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3162:
3075:
3073:
1905:On 5 May 2008, Tsvangirai's spokesman
1449:In a joint statement on 22 April, the
1436:UN Conference on Trade and Development
259:All 210 seats in the National Assembly
7191:Elections and referendums in Zimbabwe
7156:
6949:2008 Zimbabwean presidential election
6921:
6894:Davoodi, Schoresch & Sow, Adama:
6869:
6696:
6670:
6564:
6403:
6105:"Army plots to kill Tsvangirai – MDC"
5841:
5802:
5781:
5734:
5642:"'Accept foreign poll observers now'"
5532:
5375:"Mugabe 'will accept run-off result'"
5339:"Zimbabwe rivals seek vote consensus"
4979:
4956:"Chinamasa blasts US official Frazer"
4752:"Zuma calls for more pressure on Zim"
4750:Kerstin Gehmlich and Kathrin Schich,
4581:"ANC backs Mbeki's mediation efforts"
4476:
4463:
4313:
4242:"Zimbabwe poll results release urged"
4235:
4177:, Zimbabwe Independent, 27 March 2008
4118:
4089:
4077:
3937:
3866:
3684:
3681:, Zimbabwe Independent, 27 March 2008
3651:
3642:"Zim election day declared a holiday"
3573:
3522:
3366:"UN impasse irks Zimbabwe opposition"
3202:
3169:"Zimbabwe opposition rejects run-off"
2777:
2140:
1792:
1775:
1758:
1741:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1455:Zimbabwe Catholic Bishops' Conference
1269:voters. This was in Hatcliffe alone.
7127:Movement for Democratic Change (MDC)
5447:, AFP (newzimbabwe.com), 2 May 2008.
5384:, AFP (newzimbabwe.com), 2 May 2008.
5082:"MDC struggle to free their members"
5026:
5006:
4650:
4337:"Zim opposition strike call falters"
4084:"Zimbabweans vote in tense election"
4058:, newzimbabwe.com, 21 February 2008.
4016:, newzimbabwe.com, 15 February 2008.
3612:
3590:
3538:
3236:
2688:During the recount in Gutu, General
2108:
1525:Police raided the MDC headquarters,
472:
6706:"Mass challenge over Zimbabwe poll"
6680:"Zanu-PF, MDC-T file 105 petitions"
6559:"First results in Zimbabwe recount"
6341:Fikile Mapala and Torby Chimhashu,
6213:"Zim opposition lawmakers arrested"
5793:"ZEC likely to extend run-off date"
5494:"Zimbabwe run-off remains in doubt"
5457:"'Zimbabwe can't afford a run-off'"
5255:
4997:"Police swoop on MDC-T HQ nets 215"
4610:
4546:"Zimbabwe party 'was offered deal'"
4511:
4294:
4206:"MDC pre-empts ZEC, claims victory"
4128:"Polls close in Zimbabwe elections"
3917:"Zimbabwe war vets threaten Makoni"
3890:
3845:"Zimbabwe opposition fail to unite"
3548:"Zimbabwe sets March date for poll"
3252:"Tsvangirai to run in second round"
3181:
3070:
1343:Possible second round, intimidation
1139:In 2006, ZANU–PF National chairman
1011:
13:
6888:
6745:"MDC 'parliament' maps out future"
6663:Antony Sguazzin and Brian Latham,
6278:"Zimbabwe announces first results"
6121:"MDC: We have proof of a hit list"
5725:"Zim plays down level of violence"
5672:ZEC 'lost control' of Zim election
5511:"MDC stalls over Zimbabwe run-off"
5266:"'There is going to be a run-off'"
5222:Zimbabwe results meeting under way
5139:"Sources say Tsvangirai wins vote"
4939:"Mugabe rival 'clear' winner – US"
4819:"Tsvangirai calls for recognition"
4404:"Zim ballot boxes 'tampered with'"
3932:"Mugabe rival expelled from party"
3778:"MDC MP Malinga dies in car crash"
3748:(allAfrica.com), 28 February 2008.
3732:(allAfrica.com), 28 February 2008.
3224:"Zimbabwe MDC accept run-off vote"
2060:reported that political dissident
1451:Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe
14:
7665:
6906:
6620:, newzimbabwe.com, 23 April 2008.
6600:, newzimbabwe.com, 25 April 2008.
6549:, newzimbabwe.com, 23 April 2008.
6529:, newzimbabwe.com, 22 April 2008.
6193:"Zim violence: MDC slams Zanu-PF"
6031:"Poll observers assaulted in Zim"
5760:"Militias 'to rig Zimbabwe poll'"
5399:"Zimbabwe announces poll results"
5302:"Tsvangirai 'wins' Zimbabwe vote"
5177:, newzimbabwe.com, 30 March 2008.
5158:, SW Radio Africa, 29 March 2008.
4860:, newzimbabwe.com, 23 April 2008.
4803:"Zim: Church leaders urge action"
4725:, newzimbabwe.com, 21 April 2008.
4685:"Zim denies armed militia claims"
4320:"Zim court turns down opposition"
4310:, newzimbabwe.com, 14 April 2008.
4175:"Opposition reveals rigging plot"
4150:, SW Radio Africa, 29 March 2008.
3896:Sylvia Manika and Blessing Zulu,
3887:, South Africa), 5 February 2008.
3833:"Mugabe to run again for Zanu-PF"
3787:, newzimbabwe.com, 13 March 2008.
3710:"'Police keen to interview Biti'"
3700:, newzimbabwe.com, 15 April 2008.
3485:"Mugabe ready for 2008 elections"
3461:"Opposition reunites in Zimbabwe"
3437:"Zimbabwe’s MDC factions reunite"
3422:"Mugabe's Zanu-PF loses majority"
3356:, Associated Press, 22 June 2008.
1932:Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
1375:United Nations Secretary-General
7629:2008 Zimbabwean general election
7184:
6857:"Zambia to hold Zimbabwe summit"
6805:
6802:, newzimbabwe.com, 4 April 2008.
6785:
6773:
6770:, newzimbabwe.com, 3 April 2008.
6754:
6738:
6727:
6711:
6657:
6640:
6623:
6603:
6583:
6552:
6532:
6492:
6476:
6460:
6441:
6400:, newzimbabwe.com, 9 April 2008.
6383:
6371:
6362:"Zanu-PF, MDC-T in photo finish"
6352:, newzimbabwe.com, 2 April 2008.
6335:
6319:
6303:
6283:
6271:
6262:"Is the ZEC sitting on results?"
6255:
6238:
6222:
6206:
6186:
6169:
6160:"Zanu-PF Gears for Run-Off Poll"
6114:
6077:
6057:
6040:
6024:
6008:
5991:
5975:
5944:
5927:
5891:
5824:
5765:
5753:
5718:
5702:
5686:
5665:
5651:
5635:
5619:
5602:
5586:
5567:
5551:
5516:
5487:
5466:
5450:
5368:
5351:
5275:
5236:
5215:
5180:
5161:
5148:
5075:
5066:"Cosatu speaks out on MDC raids"
4962:
4948:
4932:
4915:
4883:
4863:
3767:, newzimbabwe.com, 4 March 2008.
2920:Multi-Racial Christian Democrats
2903:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
2769:
2344:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
2132:
1275:
1223:
586:
543:
466:
116:
109:
83:
82:
25:
19:2008 Zimbabwean general election
6896:Democracy and Peace in Zimbabwe
6831:"SADC calls Zim crisis meeting"
6637:(allAfrica.com), 25 April 2008.
6489:(allAfrica.com), 18 April 2008.
6438:(allAfrica.com), 26 April 2008.
6413:"Zim announces partial recount"
6177:"US urges Tsvangirai to return"
6048:"'Tsvangirai's life in danger'"
5744:"Zim union chiefs granted bail"
5212:(allAfrica.com), 30 April 2008.
4844:
4828:
4812:
4796:
4779:
4765:
4744:
4728:
4708:
4694:
4678:
4669:
4634:
4594:
4573:
4495:
4420:
4397:
4362:
4346:
4232:(allAfrica.com), 30 March 2008.
4218:
4199:
4196:, South Africa), 31 March 2008.
4153:
4140:
4115:, South Africa), 29 March 2008.
4061:
4041:
3999:
3983:
3910:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3810:
3790:
3751:
3735:
3719:
3703:
3671:
3609:(allAfrica.com), 27 March 2008.
3564:"Harare dialogue is dead – MDC"
3510:
3494:
3478:
3473:"Mugabe set to rule until 2010"
3466:
3415:
3319:
3293:
3257:
3028:called an emergency meeting of
2443:Zimbabwe African National Union
2244:Peace Action is Freedom for All
1558:United Nations Security Council
1405:Zimbabwe African National Union
939:General elections were held in
261:106 seats needed for a majority
6368:(allAfrica.com), 3 April 2008.
6326:"Zim opposition claim victory"
5999:"Mugabe acknowledges disaster"
5850:Peta Thornycroft and Reuters,
5610:"New electoral turmoil in Zim"
4785:Kwasi Kpodo and Daniel Flynn,
4369:"MDC legal challenge deferred"
3823:(allAfrica.com), 21 June 2007.
3412:(allAfrica.com), 30 June 2008.
3396:(allAfrica.com), 29 June 2008.
3101:
3045:
2653:The first recount result, for
2423:Voice of the People/Vox Populi
1990:"within a reasonable period".
1589:
968:Movement for Democratic Change
943:on 29 March 2008 to elect the
1:
7081:Seventh Zimbabwean Parliament
6913:Zimbabwe Electoral Commission
6166:(allAfrica.com), 21 May 2008.
5918:"'Zim not ready for run-off'"
4162:, The Standard, 29 March 2008
3934:, BBC News, 12 February 2008.
3874:"Ex-minister takes on Mugabe"
3835:, BBC News, 13 December 2007.
3807:, VOA News, 27 November 2006.
3193:"Zim run-off set for 27 June"
3123:10.1080/13698249.2024.2347146
3039:
2673:The recount was completed in
1938:, and its Secretary-General,
1910:Meanwhile, ZANU–PF spokesman
1403:, one of the founders of the
1147:, the only prime minister of
1087:Zimbabwe Electoral Commission
1039:
990:
977:Zimbabwe Electoral Commission
7137:Government of National Unity
6667:, Bloomberg.com, 2 May 2008.
6229:"Election results round-up."
5902:International Herald Tribune
5546:International Herald Tribune
5438:"MDC proposes power sharing"
5187:"ZEC to 'invite' candidates"
5143:International Herald Tribune
5107:International Herald Tribune
5017:"Zim election observers hit"
4601:"Zim: G8 puts its foot down"
4251:, Al Jazeera, 13 April 2008.
4137:, Al Jazeera, 29 March 2008.
4086:, Al Jazeera, 29 March 2008.
3919:, BBC News, 7 February 2008.
3907:, VOA News, 5 February 2008.
3847:, BBC News, 5 February 2008.
3716:(allAfrica.com), 1 May 2008.
3550:, BBC News, 25 January 2008.
3178:, Al Jazeera, 10 April 2008.
3084:International Herald Tribune
3009:
1844:Senegalese Foreign Minister
1459:Zimbabwe Council of Churches
1016:
7:
7649:March 2008 events in Africa
6866:, Al Jazeera, 9 April 2008.
6310:"Rigging fears grow in Zim"
6246:"Zim results neck-and-neck"
5772:"Mbeki arrives in Zimbabwe"
4473:, Afrik.com, 15 April 2008.
4353:"Zim NGO director released"
3446:, SABC News, 28 April 2008.
3368:, Al Jazeera, 28 June 2008.
3020:2008 SADC emergency meeting
1552:UN Security Council meeting
1228:A survey, conducted by the
1123:
1026:2005 parliamentary election
62:27 June 2008 (second round)
60:29 March 2008 (first round)
10:
7670:
7654:June 2008 events in Africa
6561:, BBC News, 23 April 2008.
6300:, VOA News, 31 March 2008.
6280:, BBC News, 31 March 2008.
4912:(allAfrica), 25 June 2008.
4625:"Zim is a war zone – Biti"
4548:, BBC News, 18 April 2008.
4438:Mail & Guardian Online
4190:"Zimbabwe vote 'credible'"
4113:Mail & Guardian Online
3463:, BBC News, 28 April 2008.
3233:, Al Jazeera, 10 May 2008.
3013:
2463:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance
2364:Christian Democratic Party
2323:Zimbabwe Development Party
2112:
1812:African Elections Database
1584:
1346:
1298:
1279:
1240:
1198:Christian Democratic Party
1132:
7606:
7550:
7456:
7418:
7245:
7197:
7099:
7014:
6956:
6509:), 22 April 2008, page 5.
6415:, Sapa-Associated Press (
6348:21 September 2013 at the
6179:, Sapa-Associated Press (
6146:, Sapa-Associated Press (
5795:, Sapa-Associated Press (
5626:"Zim faces run-off delay"
5595:, Sapa-Associated Press (
5513:, Al Jazeera, 3 May 2008.
5361:, Sapa-Associated Press (
5348:, Al Jazeera, 1 May 2008.
5268:, Sapa-Associated Press (
5173:22 September 2013 at the
5084:, Sapa-Associated Press (
4880:), 24 April 2008, page 4.
4762:), 23 April 2008, page 1.
4627:, Sapa-Associated Press (
4591:), 19 April 2008, page 2.
4531:), 18 April 2008, page 1.
4291:), 14 April 2008, page 1.
3625:, Sapa-Associated Press (
3566:, Sapa-Associated Press (
3475:, IRIN, 14 December 2006.
3278:10.1017/9781108120265.011
3195:, Sapa-Associated Press (
2999:
2995:
2981:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2768:
2747:
2558:that ZANU–PF had won 96.
2519:
2515:
2498:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2131:
2034:Foreign Affairs Minister
1970:In an interview with the
1809:
1793:Registered voters/turnout
1737:
1720:
1716:
1696:
568:
564:
560:
459:
452:
424:
403:
382:
377:
358:
337:
316:
295:
290:
265:
257:
230:
223:
189:President before election
182:
101:
91:
77:
48:
41:
35:
23:
7639:2008 elections in Africa
7122:Joint Operations Command
7066:Operation Ngatipedzenavo
6798:29 February 2012 at the
6766:29 February 2012 at the
5982:"Zanu-PF means business"
5443:20 February 2012 at the
5380:20 February 2012 at the
4566:29 February 2012 at the
4456:12 February 2012 at the
4192:, Reuters and Sapa-AFP (
4054:29 February 2012 at the
4038:, AFP, 21 February 2008.
3980:, AFP, 15 February 2008.
3903:13 February 2008 at the
3879:8 September 2009 at the
3803:30 November 2006 at the
3763:29 February 2012 at the
3424:, BBC News, 2 April 2008
3254:, BBC News, 10 May 2008.
2936:Federal Democratic Union
2263:Federal Democratic Union
1129:Presidential candidacies
951:. Because of Zimbabwe's
824:Administrative divisions
7247:Parliamentary elections
7061:Operation Mavhoterapapi
6708:, BBC News, 7 May 2008.
6596:7 February 2012 at the
6545:7 February 2012 at the
6453:7 February 2012 at the
6203:), 21 May 2008, page 7.
6131:), 20 May 2008, page 2.
6074:), 20 May 2008, page 7.
5862:), 12 May 2008, page 1.
5852:"Zim 'under army rule'"
5817:4 December 2012 at the
5762:, BBC News, 9 May 2008.
5496:, BBC News, 3 May 2008.
5474:"We back Mbeki: UK, US"
5401:, BBC News, 2 May 2008.
5304:, BBC News, 1 May 2008.
3153:"Zim heads for run-off"
1965:Jose Eduardo dos Santos
1565:Parliamentary elections
1424:East Africa Law Society
1206:Zimbabwe People's Party
1089:delimited 1,958 wards.
953:dire economic situation
7199:Presidential elections
7086:Political negotiations
7076:International reaction
7027:Parliamentary election
6380:, Xinhua, 19 May 2008.
5579:3 October 2012 at the
5523:"MDC 'will win again'"
5484:), 5 May 2008, page 1.
5322:3 October 2012 at the
5283:"Tsvangirai to return"
5248:3 October 2012 at the
5154:Tererai Karimakwenda,
4068:"Mugabe tipped to win"
2648:Dianne Kohbler-Barnard
2124:
2041:East African Community
2036:Simbarashe Mumbengegwi
1924:Pan African Parliament
1230:University of Zimbabwe
877:Diplomatic missions of
609:Constitutional history
225:Parliamentary election
7634:Elections in Zimbabwe
6951:and subsequent events
6244:Godfrey Marawanyika,
6019:People's Daily Online
5997:Godfrey Marawanyika,
5955:People's Daily Online
5935:"Zim run-off delayed"
5836:The Zimbabwe Guardian
5359:"MDC questions tally"
5252:, AFP, 30 April 2008.
5015:Godfrey Marawanyika,
4970:"US backs Tsvangirai"
4927:The Zimbabwe Guardian
4579:Siyabonga Mkhwanazi,
4488:20 April 2008 at the
4409:22 April 2008 at the
4230:The Zimbabwe Guardian
4111:, Reuters, AFP, CAJ (
4012:1 August 2013 at the
3976:26 March 2008 at the
3519:, IRIN, 30 July 2007.
3505:Sydney Morning Herald
3394:The Zimbabwe Guardian
3098:, CNN, 23 March 2008.
2849:United People's Party
2224:United People's Party
2122:
1521:MDC headquarters raid
1476:Amnesty International
1417:constitutional crisis
1334:Dianne Kohler-Barnard
1246:Presidential election
97:42.37% (second round)
43:Presidential election
7032:constituency results
6862:13 June 2008 at the
6836:12 June 2008 at the
6635:Zimbabwe Independent
6296:2 April 2008 at the
5880:17 June 2008 at the
5558:"AU chief in Harare"
5544:, Associated Press (
5421:16 June 2012 at the
5105:, Associated Press (
4502:"'Move over, Mbeki'"
4449:MacDonald Dzirutwe,
4432:4 March 2016 at the
4335:MacDonald Dzirutwe,
4306:30 June 2008 at the
4247:14 June 2008 at the
4107:4 March 2016 at the
4100:MacDonald Dzirutwe,
3570:), 22 February 2008.
3380:, AFP, 29 June 2008.
3174:13 June 2008 at the
3151:MacDonald Dzirutwe,
3082:, Associated Press (
2550:was defeated in the
1846:Cheikh Tidiane Gadio
1825:Agence France-Presse
1434:at a meeting of the
806:Electoral Commission
649:Constantino Chiwenga
579:Politics of Zimbabwe
95:42.75% (first round)
6992:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
6685:10 May 2008 at the
6616:3 June 2008 at the
6396:3 June 2008 at the
5972:, CNN, 16 May 2008.
5821:, AFP, 11 May 2008.
5677:9 June 2008 at the
4211:14 January 2009 at
4034:4 June 2012 at the
3952:18 May 2008 at the
3863:), 6 February 2008.
3783:18 May 2008 at the
3696:20 May 2008 at the
3535:), 25 January 2008.
3229:10 May 2008 at the
2765:
2719:Godfrey Chidyausiku
2584:Chen Chimutengwende
2128:
1949:Also on 9 May, the
1759:Invalid/blank votes
1687:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
1595:
1163:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
1059:Mashonaland Central
20:
7117:Emmerson Mnangagwa
6876:"What Zim crisis?"
5583:, AFP, 5 May 2008.
5425:, AFP, 2 May 2008.
5344:2 May 2008 at the
5326:, AFP, 1 May 2008.
5227:2 May 2008 at the
5121:Tichaona Sibanda,
4721:1 May 2008 at the
4664:The New York Times
4279:Peta Thornycroft,
4133:2 May 2008 at the
3796:Peta Thornycroft,
3776:Tichaona Sibanda,
3442:2 May 2008 at the
3024:Zambian President
2885:ZAPU–Federal Party
2764:
2734:crossing the floor
2715:Emmerson Mnangagwa
2690:Vitalis Zvinavashe
2384:ZAPU–Federal Party
2127:
2125:
1940:Wellington Chibebe
1912:Nathan Shamuyarira
1896:Julia Dolly Joiner
1594:
1399:On 21 April 2008,
1182:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1079:Matabeleland South
1075:Matabeleland North
998:president-for-life
961:Human Rights Watch
637:Emmerson Mnangagwa
291:National Assembly
157:Popular vote
18:
7616:
7615:
7150:
7149:
7035:
7005:Langton Towungana
7001:
6977:Morgan Tsvangirai
6882:), 12 April 2008.
6654:), 29 April 2008.
6419:), 13 April 2008.
6268:), 31 March 2008.
6252:), 31 March 2008.
5193:), 26 April 2008.
5145:), 30 April 2008.
5109:), 29 April 2008.
5088:), 29 April 2008.
5072:), 25 April 2008.
5023:), 25 April 2008.
4976:), 27 April 2008.
4856:29 April 2008 at
4841:), 23 April 2008.
4825:), 22 April 2008.
4809:), 22 April 2008.
4793:), 21 April 2008.
4741:), 21 April 2008.
4691:), 21 April 2008.
4647:), 19 April 2008.
4631:), 21 April 2008.
4607:), 17 April 2008.
4508:), 17 April 2008.
4440:), 21 April 2008.
4417:), 21 April 2008.
4394:), 20 April 2008.
4375:), 15 April 2008.
4359:), 15 April 2008.
4343:), 15 April 2008.
4326:), 14 April 2008.
4270:), 13 April 2008.
4224:Ezekiel Chiwara,
4146:Brilliant Pongo,
4074:), 28 March 2008.
3994:Financial Gazette
3668:), 21 March 2008.
3648:), 18 March 2008.
3629:), 18 March 2008.
3579:Dumisani Muleya,
3562:Celean Jacobson,
3507:), 31 March 2007.
3491:), 12 March 2007.
3287:978-1-107-19081-8
3086:), 30 March 2008.
3007:
3006:
2683:Virginia Muchenje
2638:Margaret Zinyemba
2548:Patrick Chinamasa
2531:
2530:
2522:Election Passport
2109:National Assembly
2082:Absolom Sikhosana
1907:George Sibotshiwe
1817:
1816:
1704:Langton Towungana
1630:Morgan Tsvangirai
1506:in South Africa.
1422:On 21 April, the
1190:Langton Towungana
1167:Joseph Chinotimba
1149:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
972:Morgan Tsvangirai
937:
936:
894:Visa requirements
854:Foreign relations
811:Political parties
696:National Assembly
572:
571:
556:
555:
536:
535:
445:
444:
410:Morgan Tsvangirai
323:Morgan Tsvangirai
253:
252:
219:
218:
204:Elected President
178:
177:
134:Morgan Tsvangirai
73:
72:
37:
7661:
7644:2008 in Zimbabwe
7420:Senate elections
7189:
7188:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7154:
7153:
7107:Arthur Mutambara
7091:Cholera outbreak
7029:
6995:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6919:
6918:
6883:
6873:
6867:
6854:
6845:
6844:), 9 April 2008.
6828:
6819:
6818:), 5 April 2008.
6809:
6803:
6789:
6783:
6777:
6771:
6758:
6752:
6742:
6736:
6731:
6725:
6715:
6709:
6703:
6694:
6677:
6668:
6661:
6655:
6644:
6638:
6629:Dumisani Muleya
6627:
6621:
6607:
6601:
6587:
6581:
6580:, 24 April 2008.
6571:
6562:
6556:
6550:
6536:
6530:
6516:
6510:
6496:
6490:
6480:
6474:
6473:, 17 April 2008.
6464:
6458:
6445:
6439:
6429:
6420:
6410:
6401:
6387:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6359:
6353:
6339:
6333:
6332:), 2 April 2008.
6323:
6317:
6316:), 1 April 2008.
6307:
6301:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6259:
6253:
6242:
6236:
6235:, 30 March 2008.
6226:
6220:
6210:
6204:
6190:
6184:
6173:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6141:
6132:
6118:
6112:
6101:
6092:
6081:
6075:
6061:
6055:
6044:
6038:
6028:
6022:
6012:
6006:
5995:
5989:
5979:
5973:
5967:
5958:
5948:
5942:
5931:
5925:
5914:
5905:
5895:
5889:
5872:
5863:
5848:
5839:
5828:
5822:
5809:
5800:
5790:
5779:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5741:
5732:
5722:
5716:
5706:
5700:
5690:
5684:
5669:
5663:
5655:
5649:
5639:
5633:
5623:
5617:
5606:
5600:
5590:
5584:
5571:
5565:
5555:
5549:
5539:
5530:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5472:Xolani Mbanjwa,
5470:
5464:
5454:
5448:
5435:
5426:
5413:
5402:
5396:
5385:
5372:
5366:
5355:
5349:
5336:
5327:
5314:
5305:
5299:
5290:
5279:
5273:
5262:
5253:
5240:
5234:
5219:
5213:
5203:
5194:
5184:
5178:
5165:
5159:
5152:
5146:
5135:
5126:
5119:
5110:
5100:
5089:
5079:
5073:
5063:
5054:
5053:, 25 April 2008.
5045:19 July 2008 at
5037:
5024:
5013:
5004:
5003:, 26 April 2008.
4994:
4977:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4952:
4946:
4945:, 24 April 2008.
4936:
4930:
4919:
4913:
4903:
4897:
4896:, 23 April 2008.
4887:
4881:
4867:
4861:
4848:
4842:
4832:
4826:
4816:
4810:
4800:
4794:
4783:
4777:
4769:
4763:
4748:
4742:
4732:
4726:
4712:
4706:
4698:
4692:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4667:
4666:, 21 April 2008.
4657:
4648:
4638:
4632:
4621:
4608:
4598:
4592:
4577:
4571:
4558:
4549:
4543:
4532:
4518:
4509:
4499:
4493:
4480:
4474:
4467:
4461:
4447:
4441:
4424:
4418:
4401:
4395:
4385:
4376:
4366:
4360:
4350:
4344:
4333:
4327:
4317:
4311:
4298:
4292:
4277:
4271:
4261:
4252:
4239:
4233:
4222:
4216:
4203:
4197:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4125:
4116:
4098:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4065:
4059:
4045:
4039:
4026:
4017:
4003:
3997:
3987:
3981:
3968:
3957:
3944:
3935:
3929:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3894:
3888:
3870:
3864:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3814:
3808:
3794:
3788:
3774:
3768:
3755:
3749:
3739:
3733:
3723:
3717:
3707:
3701:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3658:
3649:
3639:
3630:
3619:
3610:
3599:
3588:
3577:
3571:
3560:
3551:
3545:
3536:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3498:
3492:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3447:
3434:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3403:
3397:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3330:. Archived from
3326:Tendai Maphosa.
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3303:. Archived from
3297:
3291:
3290:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3234:
3221:
3200:
3190:
3179:
3166:
3160:
3149:
3136:
3135:
3125:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3049:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2668:Masvingo Central
2627:Chimanimani West
2572:Oppah Muchingura
2136:
2129:
2126:
2043:, among others.
1960:Zimbabwean media
1936:Lovemore Matombo
1596:
1593:
1504:Pietermaritzburg
1480:Joaquim Chissano
1232:and reported by
1118:Abednico Malinga
1094:Muzarabani South
1067:Mashonaland West
1063:Mashonaland East
1012:Electoral system
1006:Arthur Mutambara
929:
922:
915:
799:
782:
590:
574:
573:
550:
547:
540:
527:
521:
515:
502:
496:
490:
484:
473:
470:
461:
460:
286:
278:
267:
266:
232:
231:
185:
120:
113:
103:
102:
86:
85:
50:
49:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
17:
7669:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7619:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7602:
7546:
7457:Local elections
7452:
7414:
7241:
7193:
7183:
7181:
7151:
7146:
7095:
7010:
6952:
6946:
6909:
6891:
6889:Further reading
6886:
6874:
6870:
6864:Wayback Machine
6855:
6848:
6838:Wayback Machine
6829:
6822:
6810:
6806:
6800:Wayback Machine
6791:Fikile Mapala,
6790:
6786:
6778:
6774:
6768:Wayback Machine
6759:
6755:
6751:), 30 May 2008.
6743:
6739:
6732:
6728:
6716:
6712:
6704:
6697:
6687:Wayback Machine
6678:
6671:
6662:
6658:
6645:
6641:
6628:
6624:
6618:Wayback Machine
6609:Fikile Mapala,
6608:
6604:
6598:Wayback Machine
6588:
6584:
6572:
6565:
6557:
6553:
6547:Wayback Machine
6538:Fikile Mapala,
6537:
6533:
6517:
6513:
6497:
6493:
6481:
6477:
6465:
6461:
6455:Wayback Machine
6446:
6442:
6430:
6423:
6411:
6404:
6398:Wayback Machine
6388:
6384:
6376:
6372:
6360:
6356:
6350:Wayback Machine
6340:
6336:
6324:
6320:
6308:
6304:
6298:Wayback Machine
6288:
6284:
6276:
6272:
6260:
6256:
6243:
6239:
6227:
6223:
6219:), 21 May 2008.
6211:
6207:
6191:
6187:
6183:), 20 May 2008.
6174:
6170:
6158:
6154:
6150:), 20 May 2008.
6142:
6135:
6119:
6115:
6111:), 19 May 2008.
6102:
6095:
6083:Tracy McVeigh,
6082:
6078:
6062:
6058:
6054:), 17 May 2008.
6045:
6041:
6037:), 16 May 2008.
6029:
6025:
6021:), 17 May 2008.
6013:
6009:
6005:), 16 May 2008.
5996:
5992:
5988:), 16 May 2008.
5980:
5976:
5968:
5961:
5957:), 15 May 2008.
5949:
5945:
5941:), 14 May 2008.
5932:
5928:
5924:), 14 May 2008.
5915:
5908:
5904:), 13 May 2008.
5896:
5892:
5882:Wayback Machine
5873:
5866:
5849:
5842:
5830:Tendai Kaseke,
5829:
5825:
5819:Wayback Machine
5810:
5803:
5799:), 11 May 2008.
5791:
5782:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5750:), 19 May 2008.
5742:
5735:
5723:
5719:
5707:
5703:
5691:
5687:
5679:Wayback Machine
5670:
5666:
5656:
5652:
5640:
5636:
5624:
5620:
5608:Fanuel Jongwe,
5607:
5603:
5593:"'Vote Mugabe'"
5591:
5587:
5581:Wayback Machine
5572:
5568:
5556:
5552:
5540:
5533:
5521:
5517:
5509:
5500:
5492:
5488:
5471:
5467:
5455:
5451:
5445:Wayback Machine
5436:
5429:
5423:Wayback Machine
5414:
5405:
5397:
5388:
5382:Wayback Machine
5373:
5369:
5356:
5352:
5346:Wayback Machine
5337:
5330:
5324:Wayback Machine
5315:
5308:
5300:
5293:
5280:
5276:
5263:
5256:
5250:Wayback Machine
5241:
5237:
5229:Wayback Machine
5220:
5216:
5204:
5197:
5185:
5181:
5175:Wayback Machine
5166:
5162:
5153:
5149:
5136:
5129:
5120:
5113:
5101:
5092:
5080:
5076:
5064:
5057:
5038:
5027:
5014:
5007:
4995:
4980:
4968:Henry Ngilazi,
4967:
4963:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4937:
4933:
4921:Mutema, Ralph,
4920:
4916:
4904:
4900:
4888:
4884:
4868:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4833:
4829:
4817:
4813:
4801:
4797:
4784:
4780:
4775:nationmedia.com
4770:
4766:
4749:
4745:
4733:
4729:
4723:Wayback Machine
4713:
4709:
4699:
4695:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4658:
4651:
4639:
4635:
4622:
4611:
4599:
4595:
4578:
4574:
4568:Wayback Machine
4559:
4552:
4544:
4535:
4519:
4512:
4500:
4496:
4490:Wayback Machine
4481:
4477:
4469:Bruce Sibanda,
4468:
4464:
4458:Wayback Machine
4448:
4444:
4434:Wayback Machine
4425:
4421:
4411:Wayback Machine
4402:
4398:
4386:
4379:
4367:
4363:
4351:
4347:
4334:
4330:
4318:
4314:
4308:Wayback Machine
4299:
4295:
4278:
4274:
4262:
4255:
4249:Wayback Machine
4240:
4236:
4223:
4219:
4204:
4200:
4188:
4181:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4154:
4145:
4141:
4135:Wayback Machine
4126:
4119:
4109:Wayback Machine
4099:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4066:
4062:
4056:Wayback Machine
4046:
4042:
4036:Wayback Machine
4027:
4020:
4014:Wayback Machine
4005:Fikile Mapala,
4004:
4000:
3988:
3984:
3978:Wayback Machine
3969:
3960:
3954:Wayback Machine
3945:
3938:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3905:Wayback Machine
3895:
3891:
3881:Wayback Machine
3872:Fanuel Jongwe,
3871:
3867:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3815:
3811:
3805:Wayback Machine
3795:
3791:
3785:Wayback Machine
3775:
3771:
3765:Wayback Machine
3756:
3752:
3740:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3708:
3704:
3698:Wayback Machine
3689:
3685:
3676:
3672:
3659:
3652:
3640:
3633:
3620:
3613:
3600:
3591:
3578:
3574:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3539:
3527:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3499:
3495:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3459:
3450:
3444:Wayback Machine
3435:
3428:
3420:
3416:
3404:
3400:
3388:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3262:
3258:
3250:
3237:
3231:Wayback Machine
3222:
3203:
3199:), 16 May 2008.
3191:
3182:
3176:Wayback Machine
3167:
3163:
3150:
3139:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3078:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3022:
3014:Main articles:
3012:
2753:Administration
2750:
2694:Empire Makamure
2679:Ignatius Chombo
2623:Lynette Karenyi
2117:
2111:
2062:Gibson Nyandoro
1900:Ramtane Lamamra
1859:
1592:
1587:
1567:
1554:
1523:
1502:(Pretoria) and
1373:
1351:
1345:
1301:
1284:
1278:
1248:
1243:
1226:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1042:
1019:
1014:
993:
933:
904:
903:
885:
873:
867:Frederick Shava
856:
846:
845:
826:
816:
815:
800:
792:
783:
751:
743:
733:
732:
723:
715:
714:
674:
666:
665:
627:
619:
618:
604:
581:
552:
551:
548:
541:
538:
537:
529:
525:
523:
519:
517:
513:
504:
500:
498:
494:
492:
488:
486:
482:
455:
448:
260:
258:
226:
211:
206:
196:
191:
183:
96:
61:
44:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
7667:
7657:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7614:
7613:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7554:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7424:
7422:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7251:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7203:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7180:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7157:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7024:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7002:
6985:
6973:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6945:
6944:
6937:
6930:
6922:
6916:
6915:
6908:
6907:External links
6905:
6904:
6903:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6868:
6846:
6820:
6804:
6784:
6772:
6753:
6737:
6726:
6724:), 9 May 2008.
6710:
6695:
6669:
6656:
6646:Cris Chinaka,
6639:
6622:
6602:
6589:Lebo Nkatazo,
6582:
6563:
6551:
6531:
6525:1 May 2008 at
6511:
6491:
6475:
6459:
6440:
6421:
6402:
6389:Lebo Nkatazo,
6382:
6370:
6354:
6334:
6318:
6302:
6282:
6270:
6254:
6237:
6233:The Zimbabwean
6221:
6205:
6185:
6175:Donna Bryson,
6168:
6152:
6133:
6113:
6103:Nelson Banya,
6093:
6091:, 18 May 2008.
6076:
6056:
6046:Nelson Banya,
6039:
6023:
6007:
5990:
5974:
5959:
5943:
5933:Cris Chinaka,
5926:
5916:Nelson Banya,
5906:
5890:
5888:, 14 May 2008.
5864:
5840:
5838:, 12 May 2008.
5823:
5801:
5780:
5778:), 9 May 2008.
5764:
5752:
5733:
5731:), 8 May 2008.
5717:
5715:), 7 May 2008.
5701:
5699:), 7 May 2008.
5685:
5664:
5650:
5648:), 6 May 2008.
5634:
5632:), 6 May 2008.
5618:
5616:), 7 May 2008.
5601:
5599:), 6 May 2008.
5585:
5566:
5564:), 5 May 2008.
5550:
5548:), 5 May 2008.
5531:
5529:), 3 May 2008.
5515:
5498:
5486:
5465:
5463:), 2 May 2008.
5449:
5427:
5403:
5386:
5367:
5365:), 2 May 2008.
5350:
5328:
5306:
5291:
5289:), 1 May 2008.
5281:Nelson Banya,
5274:
5272:), 1 May 2008.
5254:
5235:
5214:
5195:
5179:
5160:
5147:
5137:Cris Chinaka,
5127:
5111:
5090:
5074:
5055:
5025:
5005:
4978:
4961:
4947:
4931:
4914:
4898:
4882:
4862:
4843:
4827:
4811:
4795:
4778:
4764:
4743:
4727:
4707:
4693:
4677:
4668:
4649:
4633:
4609:
4593:
4572:
4550:
4533:
4510:
4494:
4475:
4462:
4442:
4419:
4396:
4377:
4361:
4345:
4328:
4312:
4293:
4272:
4253:
4234:
4217:
4198:
4179:
4164:
4152:
4139:
4117:
4088:
4076:
4060:
4047:Lebo Nkatazo,
4040:
4018:
3998:
3982:
3958:
3936:
3921:
3909:
3889:
3865:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3809:
3789:
3769:
3750:
3734:
3718:
3702:
3683:
3677:Simba Makoni,
3670:
3660:Nelson Banya,
3650:
3631:
3611:
3589:
3572:
3552:
3537:
3521:
3509:
3493:
3477:
3465:
3448:
3426:
3414:
3398:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3345:
3334:on 19 May 2008
3318:
3307:on 27 May 2008
3292:
3286:
3256:
3235:
3201:
3180:
3161:
3159:), 2 May 2008.
3137:
3100:
3088:
3069:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3026:Levy Mwanawasa
3011:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:Source:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2755:Didymus Mutasa
2749:
2746:
2655:Goromonzi West
2613:Nelson Chamisa
2604:Zimbabwe Times
2588:Chris Mushohwe
2552:Makoni Central
2529:
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2137:
2113:Main article:
2110:
2107:
2074:Sean McCormack
2022:conference in
1881:On 4 May, the
1858:
1855:
1815:
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1807:
1806:
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1553:
1550:
1545:George W. Bush
1522:
1519:
1511:Jendayi Frazer
1413:David Miliband
1372:
1369:
1347:Main article:
1344:
1341:
1310:Welshman Ncube
1300:
1297:
1280:Main article:
1277:
1274:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1225:
1222:
1209:Justine Chiota
1186:Nelson Chamisa
1165:organisation.
1133:Main article:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1102:Damien Mumvuri
1098:Edward Raradza
1041:
1038:
1018:
1015:
1013:
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989:
935:
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724:
721:
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712:
711:
710:
708:Constituencies
705:
704:
703:
693:
692:
691:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
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644:Vice-President
641:
640:
639:
628:
625:
624:
621:
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605:
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431:Welshman Ncube
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344:Welshman Ncube
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64:
57:
46:
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33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7044:Vote counting
7042:
7040:
7037:
7033:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7013:
7007:(independent)
7006:
7003:
6999:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6983:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6966:
6965:Robert Mugabe
6962:
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6757:
6750:
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6730:
6723:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6702:
6700:
6693:, 7 May 2008.
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6535:
6528:
6527:archive.today
6524:
6521:
6518:Lindie Whiz,
6515:
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6178:
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6149:
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6140:
6138:
6130:
6126:
6125:Pretoria News
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5047:archive.today
5044:
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4989:
4987:
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4940:
4935:
4929:, 2 June 2008
4928:
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4714:Lindie Whiz,
4711:
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4585:Pretoria News
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4436:, Sapa, AFP (
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3601:Bayano Valy,
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2790:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:Jonathan Moyo
2595:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:Mike Nyambuya
2573:
2569:
2565:
2564:Jonathan Moyo
2559:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2540:David Coltart
2536:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2369:
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2363:
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2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
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2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2121:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1922:On 7 May the
1920:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:Robert Mugabe
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1611:
1597:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1562:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1527:Harvest House
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:On 24 April,
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:Selous Scouts
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1444:African Union
1441:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:David Coltart
1311:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1290:On 30 March,
1288:
1283:
1276:Vote counting
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:indelible ink
1256:
1252:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1224:Opinion polls
1221:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:Daniel Shumba
1199:
1195:
1194:William Gwata
1191:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:Abel Muzorewa
1142:
1136:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:, the MP for
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1009:
1007:
1001:
999:
988:
984:
982:
978:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
957:Robert Mugabe
954:
950:
946:
942:
930:
925:
923:
918:
916:
911:
910:
908:
907:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
878:
875:
874:
868:
864:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
850:
849:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
820:
819:
812:
809:
807:
804:
798:
795:
790:
789:
787:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
749:
748:
746:
745:
742:
737:
736:
729:
728:Supreme Court
726:
725:
719:
718:
709:
706:
702:
699:
698:
697:
694:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
676:
670:
669:
662:
659:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
642:
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
629:
623:
622:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
603:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
585:
584:
580:
576:
575:
567:
563:
559:
546:
532:
511:
510:
506:
480:
479:
475:
474:
469:
463:
462:
458:
451:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
402:
398:
395:
392:
390:
389:Robert Mugabe
387:
385:
381:
376:
372:
369:
366:
363:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:
305:
303:
302:Robert Mugabe
300:
298:
294:
289:
283:
280:
275:
272:
269:
268:
264:
256:
249: →
248:
245:
243:
242:29 March 2008
240:
238:
235:←
234:
233:
229:
222:
215:
214:
210:
209:Robert Mugabe
205:
202:
200:
199:
195:
194:Robert Mugabe
190:
187:
186:
181:
173:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
129:Robert Mugabe
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
104:
100:
94:
90:
80:
76:
69: →
68:
65:
63:
58:
56:
53:←
52:
51:
47:
40:
34:
22:
16:
7432:
7394:
7221:
7071:Second round
7055:An Yue Jiang
7053:
7049:SADC meeting
7026:
7021:
6988:Simba Makoni
6975:
6963:
6948:
6879:
6871:
6841:
6815:
6807:
6787:
6775:
6756:
6748:
6747:, Sapa-DPA (
6740:
6729:
6721:
6713:
6690:
6659:
6651:
6642:
6634:
6625:
6605:
6585:
6577:
6554:
6534:
6514:
6506:
6502:
6494:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6462:
6443:
6435:
6416:
6385:
6373:
6365:
6357:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6313:
6312:, Sapa-DPA (
6305:
6285:
6273:
6265:
6257:
6249:
6248:, Sapa-AFP (
6240:
6232:
6224:
6216:
6215:, Sapa-AFP (
6208:
6200:
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6188:
6180:
6171:
6163:
6155:
6147:
6128:
6124:
6123:, Sapa-AFP,
6116:
6108:
6089:The Guardian
6088:
6079:
6071:
6067:
6066:, Sapa-AFP,
6059:
6051:
6042:
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6033:, Sapa-AFP (
6026:
6018:
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5518:
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5481:
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5460:
5459:, Sapa-AFP (
5452:
5370:
5362:
5357:Angus Shaw,
5353:
5286:
5277:
5269:
5264:Angus Shaw,
5238:
5231:
5217:
5209:
5190:
5182:
5163:
5150:
5142:
5106:
5085:
5077:
5069:
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5020:
5019:, Sapa-AFP (
5000:
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4893:
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4830:
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4805:, Sapa-AFP (
4798:
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4767:
4759:
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4746:
4738:
4730:
4710:
4704:Nation Media
4703:
4696:
4688:
4687:, Sapa-AFP (
4680:
4671:
4663:
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4636:
4628:
4623:Angus Shaw,
4604:
4603:, Sapa-AFP (
4596:
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4528:
4524:
4505:
4504:, Sapa-AFP (
4497:
4478:
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4437:
4422:
4414:
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4372:
4371:, Sapa-AFP (
4364:
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4348:
4340:
4331:
4323:
4322:, Sapa-AFP (
4315:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4275:
4267:
4237:
4229:
4220:
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4193:
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4112:
4079:
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4063:
4043:
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3993:
3985:
3912:
3892:
3884:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3821:New Zimbabwe
3820:
3812:
3792:
3772:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3686:
3673:
3665:
3645:
3626:
3621:Angus Shaw,
3606:
3585:Business Day
3584:
3575:
3567:
3532:
3531:, Sapa-AFP (
3524:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3468:
3417:
3409:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3352:Angus Shaw,
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3332:the original
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3305:the original
3295:
3269:
3259:
3196:
3164:
3156:
3113:
3103:
3091:
3083:
3062:21 September
3060:. Retrieved
3047:
3023:
2968:Independents
2760:
2751:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2724:Rita Makarau
2713:
2708:Johannesburg
2705:
2702:
2698:
2687:
2675:Zvimba North
2672:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2631:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2560:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2482:Independents
2103:Amos Chibaya
2096:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2057:The Guardian
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2029:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1971:
1969:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1928:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1843:
1838:Chris Mbanga
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1682:Simba Makoni
1608:Second round
1572:
1568:
1555:
1541:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1508:
1495:
1488:
1484:Africa Forum
1472:
1466:
1464:
1448:
1429:
1421:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1352:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1306:
1302:
1289:
1285:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1233:
1227:
1218:
1214:Zengeza West
1178:
1159:Simba Makoni
1157:
1153:
1138:
1110:Milton Gwetu
1106:Gwanda South
1091:
1081:, and 12 in
1077:, and 13 in
1043:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1002:
994:
985:
965:
938:
788:Referendums
770:
654:Kembo Mohadi
614:Human rights
602:Constitution
530:
528: 60-70%
522: 50-60%
516: 40-50%
508:
507:
503: 60-70%
497: 50-60%
491: 40-50%
485: 30-40%
477:
476:
360:Independents
241:
207:
203:
192:
188:
59:
15:
7551:Referendums
7039:Campaigning
7022:First round
6840:, Reuters (
6814:, Reuters (
6650:, Reuters (
6107:, Reuters (
6068:The Mercury
6050:, Reuters (
5937:, Reuters (
5920:, Reuters (
5900:, Reuters (
5856:The Mercury
5285:, Reuters (
5189:, Reuters (
5141:, Reuters (
4972:, Reuters (
4821:, Reuters (
4789:, Reuters (
4737:, Reuters (
4339:, Reuters (
3664:, Reuters (
3503:, Reuters (
3155:, Reuters (
2867:ZANU–Ndonga
2742:land reform
2634:Mazoe South
2568:Joseph Made
2535:Tendai Biti
2302:ZANU–Ndonga
2054:On 18 May,
2027:any more".
1995:James McGee
1972:Sunday Mail
1776:Total votes
1742:Valid votes
1708:Independent
1605:First round
1579:Job Sikhala
1575:Chitungwiza
1496:Sunday Mail
1432:Ban Ki-moon
1377:Ban Ki-moon
1292:Tendai Biti
899:Visa policy
881:in Zimbabwe
673:Legislature
168:Percentage
81:5,934,768 (
7623:Categories
7608:See also:
6957:Candidates
6691:The Herald
6578:The Herald
6503:Cape Times
6487:The Herald
6471:The Herald
6436:The Herald
6366:The Herald
6164:The Herald
6017:, Xinhua (
5953:, Xinhua (
5886:The Herald
5478:Daily News
5232:Al Jazeera
5210:The Herald
5001:The Herald
4910:The Herald
4874:Cape Times
4756:Cape Times
4525:Cape Argus
4213:Archive-It
3746:The Herald
3730:The Herald
3714:The Herald
3607:The Herald
3410:The Herald
3114:Civil Wars
3040:References
3034:Jacob Zuma
2580:Amos Midzi
2087:The Herald
2019:The Herald
2002:approval.
1999:The Herald
1984:Heya Shoko
1536:The Herald
1531:The Herald
1467:The Herald
1457:, and the
1401:Enos Nkala
1386:Kofi Annan
1234:The Herald
1141:John Nkomo
1055:Manicaland
1040:Parliament
991:Background
949:Parliament
865:Minister:
679:Parliament
626:Government
509:Tsvangirai
160:2,150,269
78:Registered
3885:The Times
3132:1369-8249
3010:Reactions
2985:2,422,980
2817:1,055,514
2799:1,102,230
2659:Zaka West
2502:2,424,752
2186:1,038,617
2165:1,111,625
1888:Jean Ping
1867:Tom Casey
1851:France 24
1802:5,934,768
1796:5,934,768
1785:2,514,750
1779:2,537,240
1751:2,383,269
1745:2,497,265
1730:2,383,269
1724:2,497,265
1671:2,150,269
1665:1,079,730
1639:1,195,562
1599:Candidate
1590:President
1513:, the US
1169:from the
1096:, won by
1017:President
945:President
836:Districts
831:Provinces
741:Elections
722:Judiciary
689:President
632:President
7100:See also
6998:campaign
6860:Archived
6834:Archived
6796:Archived
6764:Archived
6683:Archived
6614:Archived
6594:Archived
6543:Archived
6523:Archived
6451:Archived
6394:Archived
6346:Archived
6294:Archived
6197:The Star
5878:Archived
5815:Archived
5711:, Sapa (
5675:Archived
5577:Archived
5441:Archived
5419:Archived
5378:Archived
5342:Archived
5320:Archived
5246:Archived
5225:Archived
5171:Archived
5068:, Sapa (
5051:Sky News
5043:Archived
4943:BBC News
4854:Archived
4719:Archived
4564:Archived
4486:Archived
4454:Archived
4430:Archived
4413:, Sapa (
4407:Archived
4304:Archived
4285:The Star
4245:Archived
4209:Archived
4194:The Star
4131:Archived
4105:Archived
4070:, Sapa (
4052:Archived
4032:Archived
4010:Archived
3974:Archived
3950:Archived
3901:Archived
3877:Archived
3801:Archived
3781:Archived
3761:Archived
3694:Archived
3644:, Sapa (
3440:Archived
3227:Archived
3172:Archived
3002:Kubatana
2664:Silobela
2520:Source:
1934:(ZCTU),
1810:Source:
1124:Campaign
1083:Bulawayo
1073:, 13 in
1071:Masvingo
1069:, 26 in
1065:, 22 in
1061:, 23 in
1057:, 18 in
1053:, 26 in
1051:Midlands
1049:, 28 in
941:Zimbabwe
889:Passport
747:General
163:233,000
125:Nominee
6970:ZANU-PF
6878:, AFP (
6720:, AFP (
6328:, AFP (
6264:, AFP (
5774:, AFP (
5727:, AFP (
5695:, AFP (
4643:, AFP (
4390:, AFP (
4266:, AFP (
3883:, AFP (
3859:, AFP (
3487:, DPA (
3338:23 June
3311:23 June
2835:193,068
2795:ZANU–PF
2207:206,868
2161:ZANU–PF
2099:Ian Kay
2097:MDC MP
2024:Belfast
1768:131,481
1691:207,470
1661:ZANU–PF
1645:233,000
1585:Results
1299:Recount
1241:Conduct
1196:of the
1114:Mpopoma
981:run-off
701:Speaker
661:Cabinet
384:ZANU–PF
378:Senate
297:ZANU–PF
273:Leader
213:ZANU–PF
198:ZANU–PF
171:90.22%
146:ZANU–PF
106:
92:Turnout
7015:Events
6842:News24
5682:News24
4415:News24
3284:
3130:
2988:100.00
2971:43,061
2853:25,122
2748:Senate
2586:, and
2505:100.00
2485:52,988
1977:Shamva
1890:, the
1788:100.00
1782:100.00
1762:39,975
1733:100.00
1727:100.00
1711:14,503
1500:Tswane
1453:, the
1047:Harare
684:Senate
531:
526:
520:
514:
501:
495:
489:
483:
478:Mugabe
414:43.56
393:45.49
327:42.83
306:45.84
281:Seats
174:9.78%
142:Party
87:5.83%)
7111:MDC-M
6982:MDC-T
3057:(PDF)
2982:Total
2871:2,196
2820:43.56
2802:45.49
2787:Seats
2781:Votes
2778:Party
2499:Total
2266:1,315
2247:1,545
2228:8,861
2189:42.83
2168:45.84
2150:Seats
2144:Votes
2141:Party
1805:42.37
1799:42.75
1754:94.77
1748:98.42
1721:Total
1674:90.22
1668:43.24
1642:47.87
1619:Votes
1613:Votes
1602:Party
1440:Accra
841:Wards
435:7.97
426:MDC–M
405:MDC–T
367:2.19
348:8.53
339:MDC–M
318:MDC–T
270:Party
151:MDC–T
7598:2013
7593:2000
7588:1979
7583:1969
7578:1964
7573:1961
7568:1953
7563:1934
7558:1922
7542:2023
7537:2018
7532:2013
7527:2008
7522:2006
7517:2003
7512:2002
7507:1998
7502:1995
7497:1993
7492:1991
7487:1985
7482:1984
7477:1983
7472:1981
7467:1980
7448:2023
7443:2018
7438:2013
7433:2008
7428:2005
7410:2023
7405:2018
7400:2013
7395:2008
7390:2005
7385:2000
7380:1995
7375:1990
7370:1985
7365:1980
7360:1979
7355:1977
7350:1974
7345:1970
7340:1965
7335:1962
7330:1958
7325:1954
7320:1948
7315:1946
7310:1939
7305:1934
7300:1933
7295:1928
7290:1924
7285:1920
7280:1914
7275:1911
7270:1908
7265:1905
7260:1902
7255:1899
7237:2023
7232:2018
7227:2013
7222:2008
7217:2002
7212:1996
7207:1990
6898:in:
3340:2008
3313:2008
3282:ISBN
3128:ISSN
3064:2023
3030:SADC
3018:and
2974:1.78
2958:0.01
2942:0.01
2926:0.01
2910:0.01
2892:0.03
2874:0.09
2856:1.04
2838:7.97
2666:and
2488:2.19
2469:0.00
2450:0.00
2429:0.00
2410:0.00
2404:ZURD
2391:0.01
2370:0.01
2351:0.02
2330:0.03
2309:0.03
2288:0.02
2269:0.05
2250:0.06
2231:0.37
2210:8.53
1771:5.23
1765:1.58
1714:0.58
1694:8.31
1648:9.78
1556:The
947:and
797:2013
794:2000
780:2023
777:2018
774:2013
771:2008
768:2005
765:2000
762:1995
759:1990
756:1985
753:1980
454:Maps
441:New
420:+17
399:−15
354:New
333:+59
330:100
312:+21
247:2013
237:2005
67:2013
55:2002
7463:...
6900:EPU
6880:IOL
6816:IOL
6749:IOL
6722:IOL
6652:IOL
6507:IOL
6417:IOL
6330:IOL
6314:IOL
6266:IOL
6250:IOL
6217:IOL
6201:IOL
6181:IOL
6148:IOL
6129:IOL
6109:IOL
6072:IOL
6052:IOL
6035:IOL
6003:IOL
5986:IOL
5939:IOL
5922:IOL
5860:IOL
5797:IOL
5776:IOL
5748:IOL
5729:IOL
5713:IOL
5697:IOL
5646:IOL
5630:IOL
5614:IOL
5597:IOL
5562:IOL
5527:IOL
5482:IOL
5461:IOL
5363:IOL
5287:IOL
5270:IOL
5191:IOL
5086:IOL
5070:IOL
5021:IOL
4974:IOL
4894:CNN
4878:IOL
4839:IOL
4823:IOL
4807:IOL
4791:IOL
4760:IOL
4739:IOL
4689:IOL
4645:IOL
4629:IOL
4605:IOL
4589:IOL
4529:IOL
4506:IOL
4392:IOL
4373:IOL
4357:IOL
4341:IOL
4324:IOL
4289:IOL
4268:IOL
4072:IOL
3861:IOL
3666:IOL
3646:IOL
3627:IOL
3568:IOL
3533:IOL
3489:IOL
3274:doi
3197:IOL
3157:IOL
3118:doi
2955:124
2939:303
2923:308
2907:320
2889:734
2526:IPU
2511:+60
2508:210
2475:New
2456:New
2435:New
2416:New
2407:112
2397:New
2388:195
2376:New
2367:233
2357:New
2348:523
2336:New
2327:608
2306:756
2294:New
2285:377
2275:New
2256:New
2237:New
2216:New
2195:+59
2192:100
2174:+19
2153:+/–
1573:In
1438:in
1360:BBC
417:24
396:30
351:10
309:99
285:+/–
7625::
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