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2013 Zimbabwean general election

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Network (ZESN), a local observer group with 7,000 monitors, listed a litany of offences, including state media bias, a campaign of intimidation in rural areas, and the rushed electoral process before key reforms to the security services were in place. But the most effective measure was tampering with the electoral rolls. Held back until the day before the election – thus avoiding proper scrutiny – the roll revealed an estimated one million invalid names, including many deceased voters. It excluded up to one million real ones, mostly in urban areas where MDC support is strongest.
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The members of the National Assembly and the Senate were sworn in for the new parliamentary term on 3 September 2013. Given ZANU–PF's large majority of seats, its candidates for the posts of Speaker of the National Assembly and President of the Senate were assured of election, and the MDC-T did not
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Mugabe was sworn in for his new term as president on 22 August 2013 at a ceremony in Harare. Speaking at the ceremony, he promised economic growth, focusing on mining: "The mining sector will be the centrepiece of our economic recovery and growth. It should generate growth spurts across the sector,
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Robert Mugabe won 62% of the vote to claim a sixth term as president, and was sworn in on Thursday 22 August. Morgan Tsvangirai finished second with 34% of the vote. Mugabe's ZANU–PF party also dominated the parliamentary election winning 196 seats. Tsvangirai's Movement for Democratic Change party
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ruled on 31 May that President Mugabe should set a date as soon as possible, and that presidential and parliamentary elections must be held by 31 July. The ruling followed an application to the court by a Zimbabwean citizen, Jealousy Mawarire, demanding that the country's president set the date for
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In accepting the election date, Tsvangirai said that reforms should have preceded the election, as he began his election campaign. He also claimed that the country wanted to vote Mugabe out. Launching his election campaign, Mugabe called it "a do or die struggle" while making a strong appeal for a
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The elections were called a "huge farce" by Tsvangirai who said the country was "in mourning" about the results. He claimed over a million voters were turned away from the polling stations, and said the Movement for Democratic Change would no longer work with Mugabe nor participate in government
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Allegations were made in 2011, that a third of registered voters were dead or aged 120 (in a country with a life expectancy of 44). These accusations were repeated in 2013, with the additional claim that a considerable number of young voters had not been registered. The Zimbabwe Election Support
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The Electoral Commission later reported that approximately 305,000 voters were turned away from polls, with an additional 207,000 voters being "assisted" in casting their ballots. There were also more than 100,000 centenarian ghost voters on the electoral roll.
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Reports by the Zimbabwe Election Support Network monitoring group said as many as one million people, mostly in urban areas (which tend to favour the MDC), were unable to cast votes. Other reports suggested that people had been forced to vote for Mugabe. The
2506: 3247: 2152:– The Southern African Development Community called the election "free and peaceful" but reserved judgement on its fairness. On 15 August, it apologised for calling the elections credible in spite of evidence that there were many irregularities. 1041:"if SADC decides to do stupid things". Although there were initial discussions about forming a grand coalition between the two MDC parties and other opposition parties, by 9 July two separate coalitions had been formed, one comprising 1027:
Most of Zimbabwe's 2010 districts had candidates from all of the three major parties: ZANU–PF, one of the two formulations of the MDC, and ZAPU. Minor party candidates and independents rounded out the field in some districts.
2051:, has stated that "various incidents and circumstances were revealed that call into question whether the entire electoral process, and thus its final result, can be recognised as having been fair, transparent and credible." 1069:
During the campaign, party regalia was supplied by the two main political parties in huge quantities. MDC-T supporters wore red apparel, whilst ZANU–PF supporters wore a variety of colours borrowed from the national flag.
2235:, voiced "grave concerns" about the conduct of the election. Hague said there were "serious" questions about the credibility of the election, because of irregularities both in the run-up to the ballot and on polling day. 2860: 3443: 2510: 3366: 2112:
congratulated Mugabe and Zimbabwe for holding free and peaceful elections and stated to Mugabe: "The people of Zimbabwe have once again demonstrated their trust and confidence in the Zanu PF and your personal
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also had monitors in place and said the election could have been handled better, but that initial reports indicated a fair election had occurred. Western groups were not allowed to send monitors.
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On 10 September 2013, Mugabe appointed his new cabinet. The cabinet line-up was generally characterised as rewarding veteran ZANU–PF hardliners, who were appointed to most of the key posts:
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saying: "President Zuma urges all political parties in Zimbabwe to accept the outcome of the elections as election observers reported it to be an expression of the will of the people."
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elections before the expiry of the tenure of the seventh parliament, on 29 June 2013. Under the new constitution the winner of the presidential election would serve a five-year term.
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wrote, "I do not wish to enumerate the many reasons of my resignation, but they all have to do with the manner the Zimbabwe 2013 harmonised elections were proclaimed and conducted."
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On 9 August 2013, the Movement for Democratic Change sought to have the results declared null and void. A week later they withdrew their petition. Despite their withdrawal the
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President Mugabe opened Parliament on 17 September 2013. On that occasion he vowed that "the indigenisation programme is to be pursued with renewed vigour".
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present candidates for the posts. ZANU–PF's candidates were elected without opposition on the same day: in the National Assembly,
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The elections were not free and fair, as the ruling ZANU–PF party used the state to intimidate the opposition.
3933: 3248:"South African President Jacob Zuma congratulates Robert Mugabe on his landslide victory in Zimbabwe elections" 2135: 1324:
Two independents were elected, both of whom had failed to win the ZANU–PF nomination for their constituencies.
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congratulated Mugabe on his victory and congratulated Zimbabwe for holding "peaceful and credible elections."
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On the day of the elections, one of Zimbabwe's electoral commissioners resigned. In his resignation letter,
2249:– The United States said the results were not a "credible expression of the will of the Zimbabwean people". 2695: 2398: 3217: 2507:"President Morgan Tsvangirai's speech at the launch of the 2013 Harmonised Election Campaign Marondera" 1666: 1238: 1009: 611: 3082: 2615: 1809: 1801: 2743: 2228: 2128: 1098: 951: 695: 2669: 2298:
as Minister of Information. However, some posts went to ZANU–PF moderates and younger politicians.
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congratulated Mugabe for securing a seventh term in office. A statement was issued by the
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peaceful campaign. In the same speech, he warned that he could take Zimbabwe out of
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as vice-president. MDC-T MPs boycotted the vote that elected Mudenda as Speaker.
2268: 2189: 2088: 2066: 2026:– The African Union declared that the elections were "free, honest and credible." 1213: 1083: 996: 834: 118: 2272: 2224: 2210: 2181: 1193: 978: 404: 317: 2353: 3922: 3166:"SADC Summit: Mozambique President Demands Zimbabwe Election Debate | ZimEye" 2930: 2295: 2264: 2246: 2232: 2023: 1153: 1121: 969: 947: 912: 512: 362: 275: 217: 202: 133: 3297:"EU concerned about lack of transparency in Zimbabwe election - Yahoo! News" 2014:
institutions. He promised to fight the results in court and diplomatically.
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has called for an audit of the election results and the Foreign Minister,
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High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
2433:"Robert Mugabe must hold elections by end of July, says Zimbabwe court" 2131: 2062: 1805: 3345:"BBC News – Zimbabwe election: William Hague voices 'grave concerns'" 2163: 2084: 2044: 3485: 2167: 2037: 908: 3329:. Free & Fair Zimbabwe Election. 6 August 2013. Archived from 2069:
demanded that the elections be a topic of the 2013 SADC Summit in
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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List of candidates in the Zimbabwean parliamentary election, 2013
3119:"Zimbabwe poll was 'free, honest and credible' – African Union" 2346:
Election Violence in Zimbabwe: Human Rights, Politics and Power
2203: 2988:"Zimbabwe's Tsvangirai may be charged for 'judiciary insult'" 1042: 3271: 2901:"Zimbabwe Electoral Commission: 305,000 voters turned away" 1058: 2952:"Zimbabwe's MDC challenges Robert Mugabe election victory" 2875:"Zim electoral commissioner resigns over unfair elections" 3141:"Botswana calls for audit of Zimbabwe vote ' – Botswana" 3040:"Zimbabwe President Mugabe re-elected amid fraud claims" 3444:"Mugabe vows 'renewed vigour' for indigenisation drive" 2970:"Zimbabwe's MDC drops Robert Mugabe election challenge" 2776:"China donates more than a million T-shirts to Zanu-PF" 2259:
reignite that economic miracle which must now happen."
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ruled that the election was "free, fair and credible".
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Elections in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
3412:"Zimbabwe: Mugabe loads new cabinet with hardliners" 2642:"Mugabe launches a 'do or die' re-election campaign" 3062:"Zimbabwe election: queuing voters given more time" 2399:"Zimbabwe's Mugabe signs new constitution – Africa" 829:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
3255: 2850: 517:House of Assembly election results by constituency 2824:"Zimbabwe roll excludes millions of young voters" 1340: 3920: 2799:"Third of Zimbabwe's registered voters are dead" 2348:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 256–276, 193: 3241: 3239: 2577:Zimbabwe: 2013 Presidential election candidates 2377:"BBC News – Zimbabwe approves new constitution" 1600:Progressive and Innovative Movement of Zimbabwe 1111:Results of the 2013 Zimbabwean general election 946:in March 2013 and signed into law by President 2481:"Prof. Welshman Ncube files nomination papers" 3468: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 888: 250: 3327:"Russia and Zambia congratulate Pres Mugabe" 3236: 2420:Zimbabwe elections 'must be held by 31 July' 1073: 2598:"Mukwazhe withdraws from presidential race" 1016: 938:This was the first election held under the 3475: 3461: 3434:, volume 54, number 19, 20 September 2013. 3023: 2848: 2696:"Makoni backs Tsvangirai – DailyNews Live" 2616:"Zimbabwe PM says nation wants Mugabe out" 963: 895: 881: 2718:"Tsvangirai, Makoni agree coalition deal" 2339: 507:Presidential election results by province 3395:"President Mugabe Appoints New Cabinet" 3094: 2340:Kwashirai, Vimbai Chaumba, ed. (2023), 3921: 3367:"Defiant Mugabe sworn in for new term" 2867: 2595: 2271:as Deputy Speaker, and in the Senate, 3491:Elections and referendums in Zimbabwe 3456: 2796: 1835: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1298: 1287: 1276: 1265: 1136: 1053:, and the other coalition comprising 911:on 31 July 2013. Incumbent President 3245: 2509:. MDC-T. 7 July 2013. Archived from 1319: 446: 2483:. MDC. 28 June 2013. Archived from 13: 3944:Presidential elections in Zimbabwe 3083:Elections to the House of Assembly 14: 3955: 3428:"Mugabe shuffles the pack, again" 3218:"More Sadc states endorse Mugabe" 3095:Harding, Andrew (1 August 2013). 2849:Cendrowicz, Leo (2 August 2013). 2720:. Newzimbabwe.com. Archived from 2670:"Zim: Parties consider coalition" 2531: 3929:2013 Zimbabwean general election 3484: 2863:from the original on 1 May 2022. 2797:Smith, David (21 January 2011). 2744:"Ncube, Dabengwa form poll pact" 2342:"Violence in the 2013 Elections" 2239: 2217: 2196: 2174: 2156: 2142: 2117: 2095: 2077: 2055: 2030: 2017: 1827: 1578:Multi-Racial Christian Democrats 1332: 554: 511: 440: 117: 102: 25: 19:2013 Zimbabwean general election 3437: 3421: 3404: 3388: 3372: 3359: 3337: 3319: 3289: 3264: 3246:Saul, Heather (4 August 2013). 3210: 3184: 3158: 3133: 3111: 3088: 3076: 3054: 2998: 2980: 2962: 2944: 2911: 2893: 2842: 2816: 2790: 2768: 2758: 2736: 2710: 2698:. Dailynews.co.zw. 28 June 2013 2688: 2662: 2634: 2608: 2596:Zivira, Tapiwa (27 July 2013). 2589: 2570: 2548: 2525: 1907:Zimbabwe African People's Union 1441:Zimbabwe African People's Union 1219:Zimbabwe African People's Union 907:General elections were held in 2499: 2473: 2451: 2439:. London. Reuters. 31 May 2013 2425: 2413: 2391: 2369: 2333: 2311: 2136:South African Foreign Ministry 1008:(also spelt Kisnot Mukwazhi), 1: 3416:The Christian Science Monitor 2304: 1534:United Movement for Democracy 1088:Zimbabwe Electoral Commission 958: 933: 3272:"Legalbrief Today Home Page" 2746:. Newsday.co.zw. 6 July 2013 2558:. Newsday.co.zw. 9 July 2013 2294:as Minister of Defense, and 2253: 2003: 1127: 1012:. Candidacy later withdrawn. 7: 3347:. Bbc.co.uk. 1 January 1970 2919:"Stealing the vim from Zim" 2008: 1644:Congress for True Democracy 1031: 915:was re-elected, whilst his 10: 3960: 1712:Zimbabwe People's Movement 1667:Zimbabwe Development Party 1239:Zimbabwe Development Party 1108: 1104: 1064: 1020: 3906: 3850: 3756: 3718: 3545: 3497: 3446:, AFP, 17 September 2013. 2556:"Race for the Presidency" 2354:10.1017/9781108120265.012 1993: 1989: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1958: 1955: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1826: 1817: 1799: 1795: 1775: 1690:People's Democratic Union 1360: 1357: 1354: 1331: 1309: 1299:Registered voters/turnout 1261: 1250: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1099:Supreme Court of Zimbabwe 1074:Accusations of unfairness 536: 532: 528: 433: 426: 398: 377: 356: 351: 332: 311: 290: 269: 264: 239: 232: 198:President before election 191: 90: 83: 77: 69: 35: 23: 3939:2013 elections in Africa 3254:. London. Archived from 2290:as Minister of Justice, 2286:as Minister of Finance, 2166:– The Foreign Minister, 1966:People with disabilities 1942:Alliance Khumbula Ekhaya 1556:Alliance Khumbula Ekhaya 1017:Parliamentary candidates 792:Administrative divisions 3547:Parliamentary elections 2461:. BBC. 10 December 2011 2277:Chenhamo Chimutengwende 964:Presidential candidates 3499:Presidential elections 3369:, AFP, 22 August 2013. 2582:1 October 2013 at the 2087:– The Prime Minister, 845:Diplomatic missions of 577:Constitutional history 234:Parliamentary election 47:31 July 2013 3934:Elections in Zimbabwe 2422:BBC News, 31 May 2013 85:Presidential election 3418:, 11 September 2013. 3401:, 10 September 2013. 3121:. BBC. 2 August 2013 3042:. BBC. 3 August 2013 2379:. BBC. 19 March 2013 2040:– The government of 774:Electoral Commission 617:Constantino Chiwenga 547:Politics of Zimbabwe 3432:Africa Confidential 3385:, 3 September 2013. 3064:. BBC. 31 July 2013 3010:www.modernghana.com 2879:Mail & Guardian 2828:Mail & Guardian 2674:Mail & Guardian 2110:Hifikepunye Pohamba 1925:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn 1823: 1734:Voice of the People 1465:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn 1328: 1312:IFES Election Guide 1277:Invalid/blank votes 1133: 1047:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn 921:two-thirds majority 20: 3365:Reagan Mashavave, 3333:on 12 August 2013. 2487:on 3 February 2016 2288:Emmerson Mnangagwa 1996:University of Oslo 1822: 1327: 1132: 605:Emmerson Mnangagwa 265:National Assembly 162:Popular vote 18: 3916: 3915: 3307:on 16 August 2013 3198:on 15 August 2013 3172:on 19 August 2013 2994:. 20 August 2013. 2976:. 16 August 2013. 2536:. Bulawayo24 NEWS 2363:978-1-107-19081-8 2292:Sydney Sekeramayi 2284:Patrick Chinamasa 2275:as president and 2229:Foreign Secretary 2001: 2000: 1815: 1814: 1320:National Assembly 1317: 1316: 1234:Kisinoti Mukwazhe 1174:Morgan Tsvangirai 1006:Kisinoti Mukwazhe 988:Morgan Tsvangirai 925:National Assembly 905: 904: 862:Visa requirements 822:Foreign relations 779:Political parties 664:National Assembly 540: 539: 524: 523: 504: 503: 419: 418: 384:Morgan Tsvangirai 297:Morgan Tsvangirai 228: 227: 213:Elected President 187: 186: 139:Morgan Tsvangirai 79: 65: 64: 3951: 3720:Senate elections 3489: 3488: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3425: 3419: 3408: 3402: 3392: 3386: 3376: 3370: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3303:. Archived from 3293: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3276:legalbrief.co.za 3268: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3243: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3214: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3194:. Archived from 3188: 3182: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3168:. 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The 936: 901: 872: 871: 853: 841: 835:Frederick Shava 824: 814: 813: 794: 784: 783: 768: 760: 751: 719: 711: 701: 700: 691: 683: 682: 642: 634: 633: 595: 587: 586: 572: 549: 520: 519: 516: 509: 506: 505: 497: 493: 491: 487: 478: 474: 472: 468: 466: 462: 460: 456: 429: 422: 235: 220: 215: 205: 200: 192: 125: 124: 123: 122: 110: 109: 108: 107: 86: 50: 48: 31: 26: 24: 12: 11: 5: 3957: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3914: 3913: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3503: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3480: 3479: 3472: 3465: 3457: 3449: 3448: 3436: 3420: 3403: 3387: 3379:"MPs sworn in" 3371: 3358: 3336: 3318: 3301:news.yahoo.com 3288: 3263: 3260:on 1 May 2022. 3235: 3209: 3183: 3157: 3132: 3110: 3087: 3075: 3053: 3022: 3006:"Modern Ghana" 2997: 2979: 2961: 2943: 2910: 2892: 2866: 2841: 2815: 2789: 2767: 2757: 2735: 2709: 2687: 2676:. 28 June 2013 2661: 2633: 2607: 2588: 2569: 2547: 2524: 2498: 2472: 2450: 2424: 2412: 2390: 2368: 2362: 2332: 2321:. 13 June 2013 2309: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2273:Edna Madzongwe 2255: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2236: 2225:United Kingdom 2214: 2211:Vladimir Putin 2193: 2182:European Union 2171: 2153: 2139: 2114: 2092: 2074: 2052: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 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1393:MDC–Tsvangirai 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1321: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1248: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1194:Welshman Ncube 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1179:MDC–Tsvangirai 1176: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1129: 1126: 1116:won 70 seats. 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1033: 1030: 1021:Main article: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1003: 994: 985: 979:Welshman Ncube 976: 965: 962: 960: 957: 935: 932: 903: 902: 900: 899: 892: 885: 877: 874: 873: 870: 869: 864: 859: 852: 851: 840: 839: 838: 837: 825: 820: 819: 816: 815: 812: 811: 806: 801: 795: 790: 789: 786: 785: 782: 781: 776: 771: 770: 769: 759: 754: 753: 752: 718: 712: 707: 706: 703: 702: 699: 698: 692: 689: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 679: 678: 676:Constituencies 673: 672: 671: 661: 660: 659: 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 632: 631: 626: 625: 624: 619: 612:Vice-President 609: 608: 607: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 573: 568: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 551: 550: 545: 538: 537: 534: 533: 530: 529: 526: 525: 522: 521: 510: 502: 501: 492: 486: 479: 473: 467: 461: 455: 445: 439: 438: 431: 430: 427: 424: 423: 420: 417: 416: 413: 410: 407: 405:Welshman Ncube 402: 396: 395: 392: 389: 386: 381: 375: 374: 371: 368: 365: 360: 354: 353: 349: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 330: 329: 326: 323: 320: 318:Welshman Ncube 315: 309: 308: 305: 302: 299: 294: 288: 287: 284: 281: 278: 273: 267: 266: 262: 261: 256: 253: 248: 245: 237: 236: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 210: 189: 188: 185: 184: 181: 176: 172: 171: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 148: 144: 143: 141: 136: 131: 127: 126: 116: 115: 114: 113: 111: 101: 100: 99: 98: 96: 88: 87: 84: 81: 80: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 63: 62: 56: 44: 33: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 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2372: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2336: 2320: 2314: 2310: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2296:Jonathan Moyo 2293: 2289: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265:Jacob Mudenda 2260: 2248: 2247:United States 2237: 2234: 2233:William Hague 2230: 2226: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2154: 2151: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2028: 2025: 2024:African Union 2022: 2021: 2018:International 2015: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 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Index

2008
2018
Robert Mugabe May 2015 (cropped).jpg
Morgan Tsvangirai Oslo 2009 A.jpg
Robert Mugabe
Morgan Tsvangirai
ZANU–PF
MDC–T
Robert Mugabe
ZANU–PF
Robert Mugabe
ZANU–PF
ZANU–PF
Robert Mugabe
MDC–T
Morgan Tsvangirai
MDC–N
Welshman Ncube
Independents
ZANU–PF
Robert Mugabe
MDC–T
Morgan Tsvangirai
MDC–N
Welshman Ncube


Politics of Zimbabwe

Constitution

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