34:
65:
72:
448:
408:. The first shock, accompanied by a loud roar, lasted two minutes: it was followed by a less intense shock lasting four minutes, and aftershocks continued for eight minutes. In the following weeks there were also several aftershocks, and the duration of the whole sequence amounted to one year. Mathematical models of this event using
352:
the northern side of the NMFS pull-apart coincides with the northern branch of the NAF and is a single main fault segment with a sharp bend. To the west, the fault trends west-east and is pure strike-slip in type. To the east, the fault is northwest-southeast trending and shows evidence of
1093:
499:
were severely damaged. In
Constantinople the intensity of the earthquake was estimated between grade VII and VIII-IX; many houses and public buildings collapsed. Furthermore, part of the underground water distribution system was destroyed; the Ayvad dam, on the upper
320:. The other two major branches (northern and central) of the NAF, being under the Sea of Marmara about 100 km (62 mi) apart, form the Marmara pull-apart basin, meeting again under the northeast Aegean Sea. This local zone of
523:
had to live in temporary housing until his home was restored. The panicking populace was unable to go back home, and people sheltered themselves in tents pitched in wide and open spaces. Among the imperial mosques, the dome of
589:
and in the surrounding villages all the masonry buildings collapsed. Since the earthquake struck the eastern part of the Sea of
Marmara, serious damage was also recorded on the southern shore, from Mudanya to
1653:
1274:
Dietrich Lange; Heidrun Kopp; Jean-Yves Royer; Pierre Henry; Ziyadin Çakir; Florian
Petersen; Pierre Sakic; Valerie Ballu; Jörg Bialas; Mehmet Sinan Özeren; Semih Ergintav; Louis Géli (2019).
392:), have to be considered isolated events caused by the non uniform stress relief during the 18th century earthquake sequence, to which the 1766 event belongs. Since the
380:. The 1766 event has been the last one caused by a rupture of the NAF in the Marmara region; successive large events which caused extensive damage in Istanbul, like
1222:"Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): Size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara"
1147:. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Historic Earthquake-Resistant Timber Frames in the Mediterranean Region – H.Ea.R.T.2015. LNEC, Portugal
348:(NMFS), which connect the three submarine basins (from west to east): Tekirdağ, Central and Çınarcık) with the Izmit and Ganos Fault (both inland). Near
308:. East of the Sea of Marmara the NAF splits into three major branches; while the sinuous southern branch goes inland in a southwesterly direction up to
1660:
1335:
1047:
2085:
2369:
775:"Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North Anatolian Fault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences"
2449:
949:"Tsunami hazard in the Marmara Sea (Turkey): a numerical approach to discuss active faulting and impact on the Istanbul coastal areas"
948:
297:
2324:
64:
1385:
2354:
1929:
879:"Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault?"
533:
396:
with an epicenter in the
Istanbul region occurred in 1509, a recurrence interval of 200 to 250 years has been hypothesized.
2374:
1811:
248:, north of the basin) which occurred in the early hours of Thursday morning, 22 May 1766. The earthquake had an estimated
80:
2268:
734:
2078:
2394:
2178:
136:
2625:
2564:
2123:
1646:
1621:
1540:
1361:
464:
2544:
2504:
2479:
2349:
2037:
570:
2344:
404:
The earthquake began half an hour after sunrise, at 5:10 a.m. on 22 May 1766, which was the third day of the
2610:
2595:
2364:
2359:
2006:
1827:
2620:
2605:
2188:
2168:
2071:
1945:
1853:
1669:
393:
2334:
2143:
2128:
2094:
774:
1848:
1771:
1614:
Bildlexikon zur
Topographie Istanbuls : Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul bis zum Beginn d. 17. Jh
628:
region. On that occasion the damage in
Istanbul was slight. This earthquake killed more than 5,000 people.
2263:
1144:
A Comparative
Evaluation of the Results of Two Earthquakes: Istanbul and Lisbon Earthquake in 18th Century
544:
suffered the collapse of the minarets, the main dome and several secondary domes, and 100 students in the
2539:
2509:
2429:
2384:
2379:
1220:
Mustapha
Meghraoui; M. Ersen Aksoy; H Serdar Akyüz; Matthieu Ferry; Aynur Dikbaş; Erhan Altunel (2012).
269:
2615:
2554:
2529:
2524:
2248:
1996:
1991:
1950:
1883:
2514:
2314:
2288:
2278:
1909:
1483:
385:
119:
2389:
2273:
2218:
2011:
1955:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1729:
1688:
2549:
2499:
2439:
2424:
2228:
2052:
1609:
996:
Marco
Bohnhoff; Fatih Bulut; Georg Dresen; Peter E. Malin; Tuna Eken; Mustafa Aktar (18 June 2013).
906:
827:
Marco
Bohnhoff; Patricia Martínez-Garzón; Fatih Bulut; Eva Stierle; Yehuda Ben-Zion (2 April 2016).
305:
2600:
2534:
2469:
2399:
2339:
2304:
2258:
2042:
2001:
1868:
1796:
1776:
1703:
1683:
412:
are consistent with a fault rupture whose length ranges from 70 to 120 km (43 to 75 mi).
381:
249:
2559:
2489:
2484:
1878:
2630:
2590:
2464:
2454:
2419:
2253:
2223:
2203:
2163:
2153:
2047:
2016:
1986:
1924:
1806:
1781:
1750:
1724:
1693:
619:
574:
409:
309:
43:
17:
1698:
2409:
2319:
2283:
2193:
2183:
2173:
2158:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2113:
2108:
1976:
1960:
1904:
1899:
1873:
1863:
1843:
1755:
1745:
1719:
901:
582:
541:
472:
436:
253:
47:
773:
Nicolas Pondard; Rolando Armijo; Geoffrey C. P. King; Bertrand Meyer; Frederic Flerit (2007).
772:
365:
268:
which caused significant damage. The earthquake of 1766 was the last major earthquake to rock
241:
2635:
2585:
2494:
2474:
2434:
2414:
2404:
2329:
2243:
2238:
2213:
2208:
1858:
321:
301:
277:
171:
1219:
826:
537:
2519:
2459:
2444:
2309:
2233:
2118:
2032:
1981:
1919:
1577:
1341:
1287:
1233:
1182:
1108:
1005:
963:
893:
840:
789:
707:
664:
33:
829:"Maximum earthquake magnitudes along different sections of the North Anatolian fault zone"
496:
8:
1221:
361:
329:
245:
208:
1581:
1345:
1291:
1237:
1186:
1112:
1009:
967:
946:
897:
844:
793:
711:
668:
1308:
1276:"Interseismic strain build-up on the submarine North Anatolian Fault offshore Istanbul"
1275:
1249:
1120:
1089:
919:
695:
648:
878:
1627:
1617:
1546:
1536:
1357:
1313:
1273:
1142:
1023:
947:
Helene Hebert; Francois Schindele; Yildiz Altinok; Bedri Alpar; Cem Gazioglu (2005).
915:
802:
677:
652:
566:
525:
1171:"Recalculated probability of M>=7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey"
923:
698:(December 2001). "The Earthquake of 1509 in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, Revisited".
578:
516:
501:
1585:
1349:
1303:
1295:
1253:
1241:
1190:
1116:
1013:
995:
971:
911:
848:
797:
715:
672:
293:
1566:"Recalculated probability of M ≥ 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey"
373:
975:
325:
16:
This article is about earthquake of May 1766. For earthquake of August 1766, see
853:
828:
344:
Fault. Inside the Sea of Marmara there is a smaller pull-apart basin, named the
1299:
520:
456:
389:
333:
289:
237:
185:
2579:
1353:
555:
405:
151:
138:
1550:
610:
The number of deaths was estimated at 4,000, of which 880 were in Istanbul.
591:
1638:
1631:
1317:
1027:
559:
420:
354:
594:, and the tsunami waves made the ports unusable. The highest level of the
1590:
1565:
1245:
1195:
625:
424:
341:
317:
2063:
476:
261:
1018:
997:
719:
313:
229:
586:
550:
452:
1048:"Istanbul's nightmare: A timeline of earthquakes that shook the city"
599:
432:
377:
233:
196:
1170:
480:
349:
273:
23:
Earthquake with epicenter in the eastern part of the Sea of Marmara
624:
In August of the same year, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck the
416:
337:
877:
Armijo, R.; Meyer B.; Navarro S.; King G. & Narka A. (2002).
595:
545:
529:
505:
488:
369:
265:
204:
1094:"Long-term seismicity of Istanbul and of the Marmara sea region"
876:
512:
492:
484:
447:
200:
181:
468:
428:
368:, since a more central break could not have caused the great
257:
1512:
1500:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
647:
360:
In 1766, the rupture of the fault happened either under the
1464:
504:, was damaged, and in Istanbul the vault of an underground
463:
The estimated area of significant damage (greater than the
1088:
1535:. Sultanahmet, İstanbul: İstanbul Kitaplıg. p. 12.
577:
were also damaged, while there was damage to Galata and
256:
scale, and caused effects in a vast area extending from
653:"Seismicity of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) since 1500"
1484:"Damage to domes, minarets and historical structures"
1386:"Osmanlı Devlet'inde Depremler ve 1509 Büyük Depremi"
84:
Location of epicenter in the Marmara region of Turkey
431:
in eastern Bulgaria and along the west coast of the
1524:
264:). In this area, the earthquake was followed by a
376:, although this had been produced by a submarine
2577:
1215:
1213:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
700:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
71:
822:
820:
690:
688:
643:
641:
1377:
1045:
732:
694:
2079:
1654:
1608:
1518:
1506:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1422:
1410:
1210:
1164:
1162:
1065:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
487:to the north. The settlements on the Gulf of
46:damaged by the earthquake in an engraving by
1668:
1570:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1383:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1140:
1041:
1039:
1037:
989:
942:
940:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
817:
685:
638:
554:died; so the complex had to be rebuilt. The
1557:
1168:
2086:
2072:
1661:
1647:
1159:
1134:
753:
726:
384:(with epicenter in the Gulf of İzmit) and
32:
2093:
1589:
1324:
1307:
1267:
1194:
1034:
1017:
937:
905:
861:
852:
801:
676:
120:
1530:
446:
1563:
415:The earthquake was felt as far away as
2578:
1476:
515:and churches were damaged, as was the
467:VII grade (Very Strong)) extends from
42:("The assault gate") belonging to the
2067:
1642:
998:"An earthquake gap south of Istanbul"
1226:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
1046:Erhan Afyouncu (26 September 2018).
613:
558:was also seriously damaged, but the
483:to the west, İzmit to the east and
439:, which occurred 11 years earlier.
435:. This earthquake was compared to
13:
1141:Şevket Erşan (2–4 December 2015).
1121:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00188.x
562:survived instead almost unharmed.
399:
14:
2647:
733:Erhan Afyioncu (20 August 2017).
657:Geophysical Journal International
1616:(in German). Tübingen: Wasmuth.
1384:Korai Kamaci (19 October 2015).
916:10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00397.x
803:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03580.x
678:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00137.x
475:, but destruction occurred from
336:steps northwards to the west of
70:
63:
1175:Journal of Geophysical Research
735:"Istanbul'un son buyuk depremi"
316:near the southern mouth of the
1340:. Cambridge University Press.
455:(here in 1559 in a drawing of
437:the catastrophic one in Lisbon
382:the earthquake of 10 July 1894
276:) because of a rupture of the
1:
651:; J. A. Jackson (June 2000).
631:
605:
388:(with epicenter northwest of
372:that struck Istanbul and the
364:or, more probably, under the
2565:2023 Gaziantep–Kahramanmaraş
2370:1944 Gulf of Edremit–Ayvacik
976:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.006
540:was also damaged, while the
491:also suffered damage, while
340:from the Izmit Fault to the
7:
1930:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
1169:Tom Parsons (22 May 2004).
854:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.02.028
355:both normal and strike-slip
236:in the eastern part of the
10:
2652:
2325:1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands
1602:
1300:10.1038/s41467-019-11016-z
617:
346:North Marmara fault System
283:
15:
2297:
2101:
2025:
1969:
1938:
1892:
1836:
1820:
1764:
1738:
1712:
1676:
1533:Story of the Grand Bazaar
532:and the main dome of the
511:In Istanbul, most of the
451:The Fatih mosque and its
442:
214:
191:
177:
167:
130:
114:
106:
91:
59:
31:
2626:18th century in Istanbul
1670:18th-century earthquakes
1531:Gülersoy, Çelik (1990).
1354:10.1017/CBO9781316048184
459:) were destroyed in 1766
226:1766 Istanbul earthquake
27:1766 Istanbul earthquake
1610:Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang
1092:; C. F. Finkel (1991).
620:1766 Marmara earthquake
528:was damaged, while the
410:Coulomb stress transfer
394:second last major event
312:, where it reaches the
304:(NAF), a right-lateral
280:in the Marmara region.
44:walls of Constantinople
18:1766 Marmara earthquake
2611:1766 natural disasters
2596:1766 in Ottoman Empire
2450:1976 Çaldıran–Muradiye
460:
254:surface wave magnitude
2621:Earthquakes in Turkey
2606:18th-century tsunamis
2355:1943 Adapazarı–Hendek
2095:Earthquakes in Turkey
1812:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo
1337:Earthquake time bombs
1334:Robert Yeats (2015).
1280:Nature Communications
1002:Nature Communications
450:
386:that of 9 August 1912
328:boundary between the
302:North Anatolian Fault
278:North Anatolian Fault
172:North Anatolian Fault
95:22 May 1766
2007:1786 Kangding-Luding
1591:10.1029/2003JB002667
1564:Parsons, T. (2004).
1246:10.1029/2011GC003960
1196:10.1029/2003JB002667
598:was observed in the
81:class=notpageimage|
2189:1668 North Anatolia
2169:1509 Constantinople
1946:1770 Port-au-Prince
1854:1751 Port-au-Prince
1582:2004JGRB..109.5304P
1346:2015etb..book.....Y
1292:2019NatCo..10.3006L
1238:2012GGG....13.4005M
1187:2004JGRB..109.5304P
1113:1991TeNov...3..527A
1010:2013NatCo...4.1999B
968:2005MGeol.215...23H
898:2002TeNov..14...80A
845:2016Tectp.674..147B
794:2007GeoJI.171.1185P
712:2001BuSSA..91.1397A
669:2000GeoJI.141F...1A
330:Anatolian Sub-Plate
184:of Constantinople,
148: /
28:
2269:1899 Aydın–Denizli
2144:557 Constantinople
2129:447 Constantinople
1951:1771 Great Yaeyama
1519:Müller-Wiener 1977
1507:Müller-Wiener 1977
1471:Müller-Wiener 1977
1459:Müller-Wiener 1977
1447:Müller-Wiener 1977
1435:Müller-Wiener 1977
1423:Müller-Wiener 1977
1411:Müller-Wiener 1977
1019:10.1038/ncomms2999
720:10.1785/0120000305
567:castle of Yedikule
560:mosque of Ayasofya
538:Süleymaniye Mosque
534:mosque of Mihrimah
461:
324:occurs where this
26:
2616:1760s earthquakes
2573:
2572:
2480:1998 Adana–Ceyhan
2395:1953 Yenice–Gönen
2350:1942 Niksar–Erbaa
2179:1598 Amasya–Çorum
2061:
2060:
614:August earthquake
306:strike-slip fault
222:
221:
38:A tower near the
2643:
2505:2004 Doğubayazıt
2375:1946 Varto–Hınıs
2365:1944 Bolu–Gerede
2360:1943 Tosya–Ladik
2088:
2081:
2074:
2065:
2064:
1828:1746 Lima–Callao
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1488:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1311:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1098:
1086:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1004:. 4:1999: 1999.
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
953:
944:
935:
934:
932:
930:
909:
883:
874:
859:
858:
856:
824:
815:
814:
812:
810:
805:
788:(3): 1185–1197.
779:
770:
751:
750:
748:
746:
730:
724:
723:
706:(6): 1397–1416.
692:
683:
682:
680:
645:
362:Princes' Islands
294:pull-apart basin
260:to Rodosto (now
246:Princes' Islands
209:Princes' Islands
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
125:
102:
100:
74:
73:
67:
36:
29:
25:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2601:1766 in science
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2555:2020 Aegean Sea
2530:2017 Aegean Sea
2525:2014 Aegean Sea
2293:
2124:262 SW Anatolia
2097:
2092:
2062:
2057:
2021:
1997:1783 New Jersey
1965:
1934:
1888:
1849:1751 Concepción
1832:
1816:
1772:1730 Valparaíso
1760:
1734:
1708:
1672:
1667:
1624:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1562:
1558:
1543:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1332:
1325:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1218:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1167:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1139:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1096:
1087:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1035:
994:
990:
980:
978:
951:
945:
938:
928:
926:
907:10.1.1.546.4111
881:
875:
862:
825:
818:
808:
806:
782:Geophys. J. Int
777:
771:
754:
744:
742:
731:
727:
693:
686:
649:N. N. Ambraseys
646:
639:
634:
622:
616:
608:
536:collapsed. The
526:that of Bayezid
445:
402:
400:Characteristics
286:
156:
154:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
124:
107:Local time
98:
96:
92:Local date
87:
86:
85:
83:
77:
76:
75:
55:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2649:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2631:Sea of Marmara
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:1766 in Europe
2588:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:1952 Hasankale
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2345:1941 Van–Erciş
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:1903 Manzikert
2271:
2266:
2264:1898 Balıkesir
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2219:1856 Heraklion
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
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2186:
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2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
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2126:
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2111:
2105:
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2091:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:1787 New Spain
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:1783 Calabrian
1989:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:1773 Guatemala
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1884:1759 Near East
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1802:1738 Dangjiang
1799:
1794:
1792:1737 Kamchatka
1789:
1787:1733 Dongchuan
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1730:1717 Guatemala
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
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1658:
1651:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1622:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1556:
1541:
1523:
1521:, p. 346.
1511:
1509:, p. 341.
1499:
1475:
1463:
1461:, p. 162.
1451:
1449:, p. 407.
1439:
1437:, p. 467.
1427:
1425:, p. 441.
1415:
1413:, p. 388.
1403:
1376:
1362:
1323:
1266:
1209:
1181:(B5): B05304.
1158:
1133:
1107:(5): 527–539.
1090:N.N. Ambraseys
1064:
1033:
988:
962:(1–2): 23–43.
956:Marine Geology
936:
860:
833:Tectonophysics
816:
752:
725:
696:N.N. Ambraseys
684:
636:
635:
633:
630:
615:
612:
607:
604:
517:Topkapı Palace
457:Melchior Lorck
444:
441:
401:
398:
390:Marmara Island
366:Çınarcık Basin
334:Eurasian Plate
298:releasing bend
290:Sea of Marmara
285:
282:
272:(now known as
270:Constantinople
252:of 7.1 on the
242:Çınarcık Basin
238:Sea of Marmara
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
193:
189:
188:
186:Ottoman Empire
179:
178:Areas affected
175:
174:
169:
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132:
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62:
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48:W. H. Bartlett
37:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2648:
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2536:
2535:2019 Istanbul
2533:
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2478:
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2473:
2471:
2470:1992 Erzincan
2468:
2466:
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2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
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2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:1969 Alaşehir
2428:
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2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2388:
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2385:1951 Kurşunlu
2383:
2381:
2380:1949 Karlıova
2378:
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2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
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2353:
2351:
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2343:
2341:
2340:1939 Erzincan
2338:
2336:
2335:1938 Kırşehir
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
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2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:1924 Pasinler
2303:
2302:
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2296:
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2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
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2272:
2270:
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2259:1894 Istanbul
2257:
2255:
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2250:
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2200:
2199:1766 Istanbul
2197:
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2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:1797 Riobamba
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:1784 Erzincan
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:1766 Istanbul
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:1755 Cape Ann
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1852:
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1841:
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1826:
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1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1797:1737 Valdivia
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:1732 Montreal
1775:
1773:
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1715:
1711:
1705:
1704:1709 Zhongwei
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:1703 Apennine
1687:
1685:
1684:1700 Cascadia
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
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1625:
1623:9783803010223
1619:
1615:
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1542:9789757687023
1538:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1503:
1485:
1479:
1473:, p. 93.
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1391:
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1365:
1363:9781316048184
1359:
1355:
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977:
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921:
917:
913:
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584:
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563:
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557:
556:Kariye Mosque
553:
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547:
543:
539:
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531:
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518:
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494:
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466:
458:
454:
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426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
406:Kurban Bairam
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:Gulf of İzmit
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
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281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:(or near the
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:was a strong
227:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
161:
133:
129:
126:
117:
113:
109:
105:
94:
90:
82:
66:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
19:
2636:Hagia Sophia
2586:1766 in Asia
2515:2011 Kütahya
2465:1986 Malatya
2455:1983 Erzurum
2420:1967 Mudurnu
2400:1957 Fethiye
2315:1929 Suşehri
2298:Contemporary
2289:1919 Ayvalık
2279:1912 Mürefte
2254:1893 Malatya
2234:1872 Antioch
2224:1859 Erzurum
2204:1766 Marmara
2198:
2164:1269 Cilicia
2154:847 Damascus
2048:1797 Sumatra
2017:1787 Boricua
1987:1782 Mendoza
1925:1766 Marmara
1914:
1910:1763 Komárom
1807:1738 Vrancea
1782:1732 Irpinia
1751:1722 Algarve
1725:1716 Algiers
1694:1703 Genroku
1613:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1532:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1392:(in Turkish)
1389:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1336:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1229:
1225:
1200:. Retrieved
1178:
1174:
1149:. Retrieved
1143:
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1104:
1100:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1001:
991:
979:. Retrieved
959:
955:
927:. Retrieved
892:(2): 80–86.
889:
885:
836:
832:
807:. Retrieved
785:
781:
743:. Retrieved
741:(in Turkish)
738:
728:
703:
699:
660:
656:
623:
609:
583:Grand Bazaar
569:, Eğrikapı,
564:
549:
546:Koran school
542:Fatih Mosque
510:
497:Büyükçekmece
473:Küçükçekmece
462:
421:Thessaloniki
414:
403:
359:
345:
296:formed at a
287:
225:
223:
51:
40:Hücum Kapısı
39:
2550:2020 Bingöl
2540:2020 Elazığ
2510:2010 Elazığ
2500:2003 Bingöl
2440:1971 Bingöl
2425:1968 Bartın
2410:1964 Manyas
2320:1930 Salmas
2284:1914 Burdur
2229:1866 Bingöl
2194:1688 Smyrna
2184:1653 Smyrna
2174:1513 Marash
2159:1114 Marash
2149:840 Erzurum
2139:528 Antioch
2134:526 Antioch
2114:115 Antioch
2109:AD 17 Lydia
2053:1799 Vendée
1977:1780 Tabriz
1961:1778 Kashan
1905:1762 Arakan
1900:1761 Lisbon
1874:1755 Meknes
1864:1755 Lisbon
1844:1751 Takada
1756:1727 Tabriz
1746:1721 Tabriz
1720:1714 Bhutan
1286:(1): 3006.
1052:Daily Sabah
839:: 147–165.
626:Dardanelles
581:and to the
425:Mount Athos
318:Dardanelles
155: /
152:40.8°N 29°E
2580:Categories
2560:2022 Düzce
2495:2002 Afyon
2490:1999 Düzce
2485:1999 İzmit
2475:1995 Dinar
2435:1970 Gediz
2415:1966 Varto
2405:1957 Abant
2330:1935 Digor
2249:1883 Çeşme
2244:1881 Chios
2239:1875 Dinar
2214:1855 Bursa
2209:1840 Ahora
2102:Historical
2038:1792 Unzen
1879:1756 Düren
1859:1754 Cairo
1492:7 November
1396:31 October
1369:7 November
1259:1 November
1232:(4): n/a.
1202:7 November
1151:31 October
1126:26 October
1101:Terra Nova
1057:1 November
981:1 November
929:7 November
886:Terra Nova
809:7 November
745:27 October
632:References
618:See also:
606:Casualties
592:Karamürsel
575:city walls
571:Edirnekapı
508:subsided.
314:Aegean Sea
230:earthquake
215:Casualties
99:1766-05-22
2460:1983 Biga
2445:1975 Lice
2310:1926 Kars
2119:141 Lycia
2033:1790 Oran
1982:1780 Java
1920:1766 Cuba
1699:1707 Hōei
902:CiteSeerX
663:(3): F1.
600:Bosphorus
502:Kâğıthane
433:Black Sea
378:landslide
326:transform
322:extension
250:magnitude
240:, in the
234:epicenter
197:Bosphorus
131:Epicenter
115:Magnitude
2545:2020 Van
2520:2011 Van
1612:(1977).
1551:28196009
1390:Istiklal
1318:31285439
1028:23778720
924:49553634
602:region.
573:and the
481:Gelibolu
477:Tekirdağ
357:motion.
350:Istanbul
332:and the
274:Istanbul
262:Tekirdağ
199:shores,
195:flooded
157:40.8; 29
1632:3747838
1603:Sources
1578:Bibcode
1342:Bibcode
1309:6614505
1288:Bibcode
1254:8409966
1234:Bibcode
1183:Bibcode
1109:Bibcode
1006:Bibcode
964:Bibcode
894:Bibcode
841:Bibcode
790:Bibcode
708:Bibcode
665:Bibcode
596:tsunami
587:Çatalca
551:Külliye
548:of the
530:minaret
513:mosques
506:cistern
489:Mudanya
453:complex
370:tsunami
310:Ayvacık
300:in the
284:Geology
266:tsunami
205:Mudanya
192:Tsunami
143:29°00′E
140:40°48′N
97: (
1630:
1620:
1576:(B5).
1549:
1539:
1360:
1316:
1306:
1252:
1026:
922:
904:
521:sultan
519:: the
493:Galata
485:Edirne
443:Damage
201:Galata
182:Eyalet
54:1838).
2026:1790s
1970:1780s
1939:1770s
1893:1760s
1837:1750s
1821:1740s
1765:1730s
1739:1720s
1713:1710s
1677:1700s
1487:(PDF)
1250:S2CID
1097:(PDF)
952:(PDF)
920:S2CID
882:(PDF)
778:(PDF)
739:Sabah
585:. At
469:Bursa
429:Aytos
423:, on
417:Aydın
342:Ganos
338:İzmit
292:is a
258:Izmit
232:with
218:4,000
168:Fault
110:05:10
1628:OCLC
1618:ISBN
1547:OCLC
1537:ISBN
1494:2019
1398:2019
1371:2019
1358:ISBN
1314:PMID
1261:2019
1204:2019
1153:2019
1128:2019
1059:2019
1024:PMID
983:2019
931:2019
811:2019
747:2019
579:Pera
565:The
495:and
479:and
288:The
224:The
118:7.1
52:ante
1586:doi
1574:109
1350:doi
1304:PMC
1296:doi
1242:doi
1191:doi
1179:109
1117:doi
1014:doi
972:doi
960:215
912:doi
849:doi
837:674
798:doi
786:171
716:doi
673:doi
661:141
471:to
465:MCS
2582::
1626:.
1584:.
1572:.
1568:.
1545:.
1388:.
1356:.
1348:.
1326:^
1312:.
1302:.
1294:.
1284:10
1282:.
1278:.
1248:.
1240:.
1230:13
1228:.
1224:.
1212:^
1189:.
1177:.
1173:.
1161:^
1115:.
1103:.
1099:.
1067:^
1050:.
1036:^
1022:.
1012:.
1000:.
970:.
958:.
954:.
939:^
918:.
910:.
900:.
890:14
888:.
884:.
863:^
847:.
835:.
831:.
819:^
796:.
784:.
780:.
755:^
737:.
714:.
704:91
702:.
687:^
671:.
659:.
655:.
640:^
427:,
419:,
207:,
203:,
2087:e
2080:t
2073:v
1662:e
1655:t
1648:v
1634:.
1594:.
1588::
1580::
1553:.
1496:.
1400:.
1373:.
1352::
1344::
1320:.
1298::
1290::
1263:.
1244::
1236::
1206:.
1193::
1185::
1155:.
1130:.
1119::
1111::
1105:3
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123:s
121:M
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20:.
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