59:
34:
482: 5.5 earthquake struck off the coast of Oran with a maximum felt intensity of VII on the EMS-98 scale or VI on the Mercalli. The earthquake killed one person and caused dozens of injuries. The moment tensor solution indicated reverse faulting at a shallow depth with an epicenter offshore. The faults offshore are activated by northwest–southeast compression as a result of the Africa-Eurasia convergence in the Mediterranean.
66:
41:
443:, a mere 8 km from Oran did not report any damage suggesting the intensity was weaker than previously thought. In a 2019 journal, the authors assigned the coastal areas of Oran, where the greatest damage was reported, intensity IX–X. Intensity IX–X was inferred from original Spanish documents describing the effects of the earthquake.
439:, the felt intensity was IV–V based on literature reviews. A re-evaluation of more recent literature describing the earthquake suggests the intensity was only VIII. The severe damage which occurred was due to poor construction practices. The intensity most likely did not achieve IX level because at
317:
Because the city streets were narrow, many survivors gathered at an open space right after the quake. Looting of personal belongings took place in the ruined city. In response, the colonial announced capital punishment for anyone caught. Aid was provided to the survivors one week later, which
313:
sustained severely, killing a commander general and his daughter. A number of high-ranking military officials were killed by collapsing structures. At least 86 prisoners, and 23 prison officials died when a jail collapsed. Half of the inmate population managed to escape.
350:
was triggered during the quake, and witnessed by many at the coast. Sailors on ships were thrown overboard when the strong waves struck. Many residents ran from the coast as the tsunami approached. The waves inundated the coasts of
466:. The northwest coast of Oran hosts a reverse fault offshore which may be the source of the quake and tsunami. The source fault may be one that stretches from the sea to onshore. Based on considering the damage and tsunami, a
457:
location. According to Pedro María
Legallois Grimarest, a military officer, the tremors began with the vertical movement of the ground and was followed by shaking in the southwest–northeast direction. This would suggest the
295:
On the morning of 10 October, at 01:15 local time, the most violent shock razed many homes in Oran to the ground, trapping 1,000 people. Multiple shocks occurred in the aftermath, causing destruction and killing many.
946:
556:
411:. The tectonic situation of Algeria also makes the country vulnerable to large and deadly seismic events with magnitudes greater than 6.0. The offshore thrust faults also pose a
300:
were triggered, spilling debris into the city. Modern construction, and a fortress in the city remained intact after the shocks, and no damage was reported outside Oran.
659:
435:
scales. Based on inferring the historical descriptions of the event, Oran was assigned IX–X, while intensities IV–V was felt in
Almeria and Cartagena (IV). At
280:. Violent shaking was felt at Oran until 25 October. Major damage occurred in Oran, with much of the historic city destroyed. Reports of damage also came from
1854:
953:
557:"The 1790 Oran Earthquake, a Seismic Event in Times of Conflict along the Algerian Coast: A Critical Review from Western and Local Source Materials"
1378:
1481:
531:
58:
713:"Multiphased tectonic evolution of the Central Algerian margin from combined wide-angle and reflection seismic data off Tipaza, Algeria"
607:
423:
Previous studies of earthquakes in
Algeria and on this particular event have assigned the maximum seismic intensity at IX–X on the
33:
1222:
334:
eventually left the cities in 1792 because repair works were not viable. Many of the
Spanish residents in Algeria resettled in
634:
1849:
1371:
1104:
886:"The Oran January 9th (Mw 4.7) and June 6th, 2008 (Mw 5.4) earthquakes: Seismological study and seismotectonic implication"
1829:
1687:
1474:
1438:
711:
A. Leprêtre; F. Klingelhoefer; D. Graindorge; P. Schnurle; M. O. Beslier; K. Yelles; J. Déverchère; R. Bracene (2013).
1864:
939:
108:
1330:
177:
555:
Redouane
Chimouni; Assia Harbi; Mohamed Salah Boughacha; Mouloud Hamidatou; Radia Kherchouche; Amal Sebaï (2018).
165:
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1839:
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395:. The converging plates create a zone of compression in northern Algeria, which are accommodated by mainly
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1746:
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1038:
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309:, over 250 soldiers were among the 3,000 killed, while some sources suggest up to 600 died. An
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1418:
1408:
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1621:
1609:
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901:
821:
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568:
8:
1752:
1508:
323:
905:
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728:
572:
917:
884:
A. Benfedda; Y. Bouhadad; M.S. Boughacha; N. Guessoum; K. Abbes; M. Bezzeghoud (2020).
837:
742:
662:[THE ORAN EARTHQUAKE OF 1790 AND THE END OF THE SPANISH PRESENCE IN ALGERIA.].
584:
459:
432:
921:
913:
841:
783:
588:
360:
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to write a report on the earthquake a few days later. Damage to Oran and neighboring
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225:
746:
909:
829:
773:
732:
710:
576:
368:
305:
269:
257:
610:[MAY: THE ORAN EARTHQUAKE OF 1790 AND THE LONG JOURNEY OF THE DOCUMENTS].
440:
436:
810:"The destructive 1790 Oran (NW Algeria) earthquake in a region of low seismicity"
404:
241:
833:
760:
Abdelkarim Yelles-Chaouche; Abdelaziz
Kherroubi (2017). Hamoud Beldjoudi (ed.).
232:(EMS-98). An estimated 3,000 people died during the earthquake and accompanying
883:
808:
E. Buforn; P. Coca; M. Bezzeghoud; A. Udías; Y. Bouhadad; M. Mattesini (2019).
392:
331:
1798:
787:
759:
463:
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388:
359:. Boats were taken from ports and drifted away. Small waves also struck the
123:
110:
931:
660:"EL TERREMOTO DE ORÁN DE 1790 Y EL FIN DE LA PRESENCIA ESPAÑOLA EN ARGELIA"
352:
1356:
327:
1459:
446:
The high intensity shaking and tsunami generation is due to the shallow
778:
761:
737:
712:
608:"MAYO: EL TERREMOTO DE ORÁN DE 1790 Y EL LARGO VIAJE DE LOS DOCUMENTOS"
580:
447:
221:
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297:
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897:
371:, wherein the latter location, the sea level rose by up to 6 feet.
310:
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412:
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field, with estimates ranging from 7.5 to even as small as 5.5.
424:
400:
335:
261:
147:
213:
240:
of this earthquake has been disputed among members of the
212:
occurred on 10 October, striking near the coastal city of
415:
threat to the
Algerian coast during large earthquakes.
692:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
686:"Tsunami Event Information Tsunami Event Information"
652:
318:included tents, food, and medical assistance. The
1796:
762:"The large Algerian earthquakes (267 A.D.-2017)"
355:, but no disturbance of the sea was reported in
637:[The Oran earthquake of October 1790].
753:
532:National Centers for Environmental Information
1475:
1372:
947:
856:"M 5.5 - 17 km NNE of Mers el Kebir, Algeria"
632:
961:
717:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
678:
470:of 6.0–6.5 has been proposed for the event.
264:. The earthquakes were felt by residents in
65:
40:
1855:Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences
1482:
1468:
1386:
1379:
1365:
954:
940:
550:
548:
1489:
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777:
736:
635:"El terremoto de Orán de octubre de 1790"
877:
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797:
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626:
602:
600:
598:
545:
383:lies near a complex and poorly defined
1797:
518:
516:
514:
512:
1463:
1360:
935:
794:
772:. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
595:
524:"Significant Earthquake Information"
260:which were felt as far as Spain and
509:
374:
13:
14:
1876:
890:Journal of African Earth Sciences
462:consisted of two sub-events on a
399:onshore and inland. Thrusting of
914:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103896
633:Paco Almanzor (9 October 2016).
64:
57:
39:
32:
473:
158:
561:Seismological Research Letters
497:List of historical earthquakes
492:List of earthquakes in Algeria
403:due to compression formed the
1:
502:
418:
1850:Natural disasters in Tunisia
258:series of strong earthquakes
252:Beginning on 8 October, the
7:
1223:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
834:10.1016/j.tecto.2019.03.008
485:
230:European macroseismic scale
10:
1881:
1830:1790 in the Spanish Empire
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1697:
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1113:
1057:
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1005:
969:
397:thrust and reverse faults
385:convergent plate boundary
247:
224:had an evaluated maximum
198:
190:
157:
139:
102:
90:
82:
73:Show map of Mediterranean
26:
1865:1790 disasters in Africa
963:18th-century earthquakes
614:(in Spanish). 2 May 2019
330:were so severe that the
16:Seismic event in Algeria
288:, and Spain across the
1815:1790 natural disasters
1810:Earthquakes in Algeria
1388:Earthquakes in Algeria
864:U.S. Geological Survey
1820:18th-century tsunamis
1490:Earthquakes in Africa
1105:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo
612:Ayuntamiento de Elche
256:city was rocked by a
1840:Earthquakes in Spain
1723:2005 Lake Tanganyika
1634:1969 Sharm El Sheikh
1300:1786 Kangding-Luding
664:HISTORIAS DE ALBORÁN
210:1790 Oran earthquake
22:1790 Oran earthquake
1860:Tsunamis in Algeria
1688:1999 Aïn Témouchent
1509:1624 Fez earthquake
1439:1999 Aïn Témouchent
1239:1770 Port-au-Prince
1147:1751 Port-au-Prince
906:2020JAfES.16903896B
860:earthquake.usgs.gov
826:2019Tectp.759....1B
766:Física de la tierra
729:2013JGRB..118.3899L
573:2018SeiRL..89.2392C
478:On 6 June 2008, a M
324:Charles IV of Spain
120: /
48:Show map of Algeria
23:
1682:1995 Gulf of Aqaba
1244:1771 Great Yaeyama
779:10.5209/FITE.57617
738:10.1002/jgrb.50318
581:10.1785/0220180175
460:earthquake rupture
21:
1805:1790s earthquakes
1792:
1791:
1457:
1456:
1354:
1353:
468:seismic magnitude
361:Iberian Peninsula
322:was appointed by
303:According to the
290:Mediterranean Sea
254:Spanish-conquered
228:of VIII–X on the
226:seismic intensity
206:
205:
1872:
1747:2010 Beni-Ilmane
1664:1990 South Sudan
1557:1856 Middle East
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1449:2010 Beni-Ilmane
1381:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1121:1746 Lima–Callao
956:
949:
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852:
846:
845:
805:
792:
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757:
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723:(8): 3899–3916.
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682:
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656:
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630:
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623:
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619:
604:
593:
592:
567:(6): 2392–2403.
552:
543:
542:
540:
538:
520:
375:Tectonic setting
320:governor of Oran
306:Gazeta de Madrid
186:
184:
181:Very destructive
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169:Heavily damaging
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20:
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1873:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1835:History of Oran
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1765:2015 South Kivu
1729:2006 Mozambique
1717:2004 Al Hoceima
1693:
1598:1955 Alexandria
1562:
1491:
1488:
1458:
1453:
1390:
1385:
1355:
1350:
1314:
1290:1783 New Jersey
1258:
1227:
1181:
1142:1751 Concepción
1125:
1109:
1065:1730 Valparaíso
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407:in Algeria and
405:Atlas Mountains
387:separating the
377:
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250:
242:paleoseismology
178:
176:
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164:
128:
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98: 6.0–6.5
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86:10 October 1790
83:Local date
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1845:1790 disasters
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1825:1790 in Africa
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1807:
1790:
1789:
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1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1735:2008 Lake Kivu
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1711:2003 Boumerdès
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1503:1068 Near East
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1444:2003 Boumerdès
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1316:
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1307:
1305:1787 New Spain
1302:
1297:
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1285:1783 Calabrian
1282:
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1260:
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1249:1773 Guatemala
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1177:1759 Near East
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1095:1738 Dangjiang
1092:
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1085:1737 Kamchatka
1082:
1080:1733 Dongchuan
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814:Tectonophysics
793:
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703:
677:
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594:
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506:
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494:
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393:Eurasian Plate
379:The nation of
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343:
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332:Spanish Empire
249:
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204:
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196:
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162:
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140:Areas affected
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1777:2017 Botswana
1775:
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1771:2016 Tanzania
1769:
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1671:
1668:
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1662:
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1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:1980 El Asnam
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:1969 Portugal
1626:
1623:
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1611:
1608:
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1552:
1551:1856 Djijelli
1549:
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1471:
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1450:
1447:
1445:
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1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:1980 El Asnam
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:1856 Djijelli
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1370:
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1359:
1347:
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1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:1797 Riobamba
1334:
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1327:
1324:
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1306:
1303:
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1295:1784 Erzincan
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1208:1766 Istanbul
1206:
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1199:
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1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1178:
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1162:1755 Cape Ann
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997:1709 Zhongwei
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977:1700 Cascadia
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528:ngdc.noaa.gov
525:
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464:reverse fault
461:
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452:
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441:Mers-El-Kébir
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437:Mers-El-Kébir
434:
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167:EMS-98 VIII (
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142:
138:
133:
105:
101:
93:
89:
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60:
35:
25:
19:
1783:2023 Morocco
1741:2009 Karonga
1698:21st century
1676:1994 Mascara
1658:1989 Chenoua
1616:1969 Tulbagh
1586:1921 Massawa
1567:20th century
1538:
1533:1761 Morocco
1515:1716 Algiers
1434:1994 Mascara
1429:1989 Chenoua
1403:
1399:1716 Algiers
1341:1797 Sumatra
1325:
1310:1787 Boricua
1280:1782 Mendoza
1218:1766 Marmara
1203:1763 Komárom
1100:1738 Vrancea
1075:1732 Irpinia
1044:1722 Algarve
1018:1716 Algiers
987:1703 Genroku
893:
889:
879:
867:. Retrieved
859:
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769:
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668:. Retrieved
663:
654:
642:. Retrieved
638:
628:
616:. Retrieved
611:
564:
560:
535:. Retrieved
527:
477:
474:Other events
445:
422:
378:
353:North Africa
345:
316:
304:
302:
294:
251:
209:
207:
180:
168:
124:35.9°N 0.6°E
18:
1759:2014 Orkney
1705:2002 Kalehe
1652:1989 Malawi
1646:1983 Guinea
1604:1960 Agadir
1580:1915 Asmara
1574:1913 Asmara
1527:1755 Meknes
1346:1799 Vendée
1270:1780 Tabriz
1254:1778 Kashan
1198:1762 Arakan
1193:1761 Lisbon
1167:1755 Meknes
1157:1755 Lisbon
1137:1751 Takada
1049:1727 Tabriz
1039:1721 Tabriz
1013:1714 Bhutan
328:Mazalquivir
202:3,000 dead
127: /
1799:Categories
1753:2011 Nabro
1670:1992 Cairo
1592:1954 Chlef
1545:1825 Blida
1521:1754 Cairo
1496:Historical
1419:1954 Chlef
1409:1825 Blida
1331:1792 Unzen
1172:1756 Düren
1152:1754 Cairo
900:: 103896.
896:(103896).
869:10 October
696:10 October
670:10 October
644:10 October
618:10 October
537:10 October
503:References
448:hypocenter
419:Earthquake
346:A notable
298:Landslides
222:earthquake
199:Casualties
179:EMS-98 X (
1622:1966 Toro
1610:1963 Marj
1559:(7.7–8.2)
1539:1790 Oran
1404:1790 Oran
1326:1790 Oran
1275:1780 Java
1213:1766 Cuba
992:1707 Hōei
922:219506914
842:134205450
788:1988-2440
639:La Qverna
589:134010088
455:epicenter
391:from the
369:Cartagena
270:Cartagena
238:magnitude
161:intensity
129:35.9; 0.6
103:Epicenter
91:Magnitude
898:Elsevier
820:: 1–14.
747:53588905
486:See also
433:Mercalli
311:alcazaba
282:Carthage
278:Santa Fe
1505:(≥ 7.0)
902:Bibcode
822:Bibcode
725:Bibcode
569:Bibcode
530:. NOAA
413:tsunami
409:Morocco
381:Algeria
365:Almeria
357:Morocco
348:tsunami
342:Tsunami
286:Tunisia
266:Granada
236:. The
234:tsunami
218:Algeria
191:Tsunami
152:Tunisia
144:Algeria
112:35°54′N
920:
840:
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587:
429:EMS-98
425:MSK-64
401:strata
276:, and
274:Málaga
248:Impact
220:. The
115:0°36′E
1785:(6.8)
1779:(6.5)
1773:(5.9)
1767:(5.8)
1761:(5.5)
1755:(5.7)
1749:(5.3)
1743:(6.0)
1737:(5.9)
1731:(7.0)
1725:(6.8)
1719:(6.3)
1713:(6.8)
1707:(6.2)
1690:(5.6)
1684:(7.3)
1678:(5.9)
1672:(5.8)
1666:(7.1)
1660:(5.9)
1654:(6.3)
1648:(6.3)
1642:(7.1)
1636:(6.6)
1630:(7.9)
1624:(6.8)
1618:(6.3)
1612:(5.6)
1606:(5.8)
1600:(6.3)
1594:(6.7)
1588:(6.1)
1547:(7.0)
1541:(6.0)
1535:(8.5)
1529:(7.0)
1523:(6.6)
1517:(7.0)
1511:(6.0)
1319:1790s
1263:1780s
1232:1770s
1186:1760s
1130:1750s
1114:1740s
1058:1730s
1032:1720s
1006:1710s
970:1700s
918:S2CID
838:S2CID
743:S2CID
585:S2CID
451:depth
336:Ceuta
262:Malta
194:Minor
148:Spain
1582:(VI)
1576:(VI)
1553:(IX)
871:2021
784:ISSN
698:2021
672:2021
646:2021
620:2021
539:2021
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208:The
159:Max.
150:and
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