Knowledge

1804 dollar

Source đź“ť

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II dollars priced at $ 75, while Theodore Eckfeldt reportedly offered a Philadelphia coin dealer three coins for $ 70 each. In 1883, a Class III dollar was reportedly purchased in Vienna for $ 740, and a Class I specimen was auctioned for $ 1,000 in 1885 by Henry and Samuel H. Chapman. In 1903, an example sold for $ 1,800, and the same coin reportedly sold for $ 4,250 in 1941. In 1960, a Class III dollar fetched $ 28,000 at an auction conducted by Stack's, a coin firm, and the same coin reached $ 36,000 at another Stack's sale in 1963. A Class I specimen brought $ 77,500 at a 1970 Stack's auction, and during a 1980 rise in coin prices, a Class III example sold for $ 400,000 by Bowers and Ruddy Galleries. A Class I example reached $ 990,000 at a Superior Galleries auction in 1990, and an example once owned by coin collector
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the regular production of those coins. However, the edge lettering on all Class I 1804 dollars is deformed and partially obliterated, meaning that they were not struck in an open-collared coinage press as was used in 1804, but one which used a steel collar that was not introduced to the Mint until 1833. The deformation of the edge lettering was caused by pressure pushing the coinage metal against the steel collar containing the coin blank. Additionally, many 1804 dollars were struck in proof finish, a technique which was first employed at the Mint in 1817.
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Castaing machine was meant to be used prior to striking, its improper use resulted in a deformation of the coin surface. Newman and Bressett assert that they were struck at approximately the same time as the Class II dollars, and that the edges were lettered and the coins concealed by Mint employees until 1869, when one was offered to a coin collector, who rejected it as a restrike. However, numismatist
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officials. Unlike the original coins, these later restrikes lacked the correct edge lettering, although later examples released from the Mint bore the correct lettering. The coins produced for the diplomatic mission, those struck surreptitiously without edge lettering and those with lettering are known collectively as "Class I", "Class II" and "Class III" dollars, respectively.
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dollars were produced, collectors became aware of their existence and desired to obtain them. Several were struck at the Mint in 1858. Those coins, which became known as "Class II" 1804 dollars, had plain, unlettered edges, as opposed to standard issue Draped Bust dollars and those struck as diplomatic gifts, all of which had edge lettering applied by the
560:, Mint Assayer, to try, in 1860, to recall the examples of the 1804 dollar in private hands. According to DuBois, five coins were known to be privately owned, of which four were recovered. He stated that three were destroyed in his presence, and one was added to the Mint's coin cabinet (of which he was curator, and which is today the 526:, after consulting with Moore, mistakenly determined that 19,570 dollars bearing the date 1804 were struck in that year. The dollars minted for the diplomatic gift sets, as well as other examples struck with the same dies, are collectively known as "Class I" 1804 dollars. In total, eight specimens of this type are known today. 760:
Counterfeits and spurious reproductions of the 1804 dollar have been created since numismatists became aware of the coins' high value. James A. Bolen, a medallist and coin collector who created copies of valuable coins between 1862 and 1869, fabricated an 1804 dollar by altering the last digit in the
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According to Newman and Bressett, the manner in which the 1804 dollars were produced is proof that none were struck in 1804. They note that the Castaing machine's edging dies utilized an 'H' that was undersized in relation to the other letters, the same as those used on Draped Bust dollars throughout
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The fact that no 1804 dollars were struck in 1804 was not widely accepted by numismatists until the early twentieth century. Before such time, the actual year in which they were struck remained contentious among numismatists. Early on, collectors assumed that the 1804 dollars were struck in 1804, and
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Class III dollars are identical to the Class II dollar, except lettering similar to that on the Class I dollars was applied to the edge of the coins. Based on the slightly concave appearance of the Class III dollars, it is likely that all were given edge lettering at some point after striking; as the
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conducted on Spanish milled dollars. However, the dollars were mandated by Spanish law to contain 90.2 percent silver, and most of the unworn examples in circulation in the United States at the time contained approximately 1.75 grains (0.113 g) more than the silver dollars authorized by the Act.
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From their discovery by numismatists, 1804 dollars have commanded high prices. Auction prices reached $ 1,000 by 1885, and in the mid-twentieth century, the coins realized over $ 30,000. In 1999, a Class I example sold for $ 4.14 million, then the highest price paid for any coin. Their high value has
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From the time numismatists became aware of 1804 dollars, they have commanded high prices, both in relation to their face value and the numismatic value of other silver dollars. Some early examples were maintained in the Mint's coin cabinet for use in trades, and in 1859, dealers began offering Class
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as ransom, lost at sea en route to China, and melted before leaving the Philadelphia Mint. In 1867, numismatist W. Elliot Woodward acknowledged that 1804 dollars were struck as diplomatic gifts in 1834, but he also believed that others were struck in 1804. Numismatists Lyman H. Low and William T. R.
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The issue of when dollar coin mintage actually ceased was further confused by a later misreading of Patterson's 1806 annual report to Congress, which erroneously suggested that 321 were coined in 1805. In reality, the coins listed were struck earlier and included as part of a bullion deposit routed
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in 1899, stated that "the journal confidently asserts that there is no dollar dated 1804 which was struck in that year by the U.S. Mint." In 1891, numismatist John A. Nexsen wrote that the Class I 1804 dollars were "without doubt coined in 1804". In 1905, he recanted his earlier assertions, stating
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Eckfeldt, a Mint employee and nephew of Adam Eckfeldt (who had died in 1852). After the public became aware that Mint officials had permitted restrikes, there was a minor scandal which resulted in a Congressional investigation and the destruction of outdated coinage dies. The controversy prompted
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to create patterns and restrikes of rare coins for sale to collectors, and in that year, dealers began offering plain edge 1804 dollars to the public. At least three were offered for sale by various dealers in 1859, and coin dealer Ebenezer Locke Mason claimed that he was offered three by Theodore
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that considerable purchases have been made of dollars coined at the mint for the purpose of exporting them, and as it is probable further purchases and exportations will be made the President directs that all the silver to be coined at the mint shall be of small denominations, so that the value of
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as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one grains and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver". The act went on to state that the coin would be struck in an alloy consisting of 89.2 percent silver and 10.8 percent
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first became aware of the 1804 dollar in 1842, when an illustration of one example appeared in a publication authored by two Mint employees. A collector subsequently acquired one example from the Mint in 1843. In response to numismatic demand, several examples were surreptitiously produced by Mint
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He also directed Moore to have two Morocco leather boxes made to house the coins. He stated that one should be yellow in color, and the other crimson, and that funds could be drawn from the Treasury for the value of the boxes and coins. Later, in a letter dated December 2, 1834, Forsyth directed
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to be recoined into United States coinage to take advantage of the discrepancy in weight. At that time, silver bullion was supplied to the Mint exclusively by private depositors, who, according to the Coinage Act of 1792, had the right to have their bullion coined free of charge. As large silver
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convention, British numismatist David B. Spink announced that he was in possession of a theretofore unknown 1804 dollar specimen. The coin was housed in a yellow leather case embossed with an eagle and other ornamentation, conforming to the description of that made for the King of Siam. The set
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During the nineteenth century, Mint employees produced unauthorized copies of medals and coins, sometimes backdated. Although coin restrikes were created openly at the Philadelphia Mint from the 1830s, the practice became clandestine by the end of the 1850s. In the decades after the first 1804
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coin struck in gold. Interest in coin collecting and the 1804 dollars began increasing, and by 1860, the dollars saw extensive coverage by numismatists. In 1885, auctioneer W.E. Woodward described the 1804 dollar as "the king of coins", a moniker which it maintains today. Numismatic historian
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signed into law a bill which declared Spanish milled dollars legal tender, provided that they weighed no less than 415 grains (26.9 g), which meant that at the lowest weight allowed by law, the Spanish dollars would contain approximately 0.5 percent less silver than the United States
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cities, as well in nearby Thailand, military personnel were offered the copies by vendors who sometimes claimed that they were family heirlooms. In 2012, Professional Coin Grading Service founder David Hall stated that counterfeit 1804 dollars had been available in Hong Kong for decades.
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asserts that the 1804 dollar has attracted more attention than any other coin. All fifteen extant specimens are acknowledged and studied by numismatists. They are identified by nicknames based on prominent owners, or the first individuals known to have possessed the coins.
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began encouraging depositors to accept fractional coins, and the production of dollars began to decrease in relation to the smaller coins. Dollar coin production ceased in March 1804, although those pieces bore the date of 1803. In his 1805 report, Mint Director
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stated that "he striking of small coins is a measure which has been adopted to accommodate the banks and other depositors, and at their particular request, both with a view of furnishing a supply of small change, and to prevent the exportation of the
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dated October 8, 1834, Roberts decried the gifts of his previous journey as inadequate and insulting to his hosts in the Orient. In addition to several other items, he requested a set of coins as an appropriate offering to Said bin Sultan:
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assert that a problem arose at the Mint as to how to interpret Forsyth's order. As his initial correspondence indicated that the sets were to include coins of every type then in use, Mint officials included both the silver dollar and gold
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purchased a specimen of the coin, which was later revealed to be a forgery, for $ 300. All silver dollars dated between 1800 and 1803 were subject to alteration to 1804 dollars, but 1801 was the date most commonly used for that purpose.
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and William DuBois. The first private collector to obtain an example was Matthew A. Stickney, who acquired the coin from the Mint on May 9, 1843, by trading certain rare coins from his collection, including a unique early United States
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before they could be delivered. Besides those 1804 dollars produced for inclusion in the diplomatic sets, the Mint struck some examples which were used to trade with collectors for pieces desired for the Mint's coin cabinet.
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Although the dollars struck in 1804 bore the date 1803, the eagles struck in that year were not antedated. Mintage of that denomination ceased because the intrinsic bullion value became higher than the face value of the
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was described by them as genuine from 1887 to 1927. Electrotypes were also created by Mint employees, and one was used as the basis for the pantograph reproductions which appeared in Eckfeldt and DuBois' 1842
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coins were a preferred method of commerce throughout the world, especially China, a considerable number of the United States dollars requested by silver depositors were exported to satisfy that demand.
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believed that some Class III dollars were struck as late as 1876. In 1875, several were sold by Philadelphia coin dealer John W. Haseltine. Six specimens of the Class III dollar are known today.
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coinage die used to strike the Class II and Class III 1804 dollars was deposited in safekeeping in 1860, and the reverse die was destroyed in that year. The obverse die was defaced in 1869.
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I am rather at a loss to know what articles will be most acceptable to the Sultan, but I suppose a complete set of new gold & silver & copper coins of the U.S. neatly arranged in a
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date of a genuine 1803 example. Although Bolen added his name to the edge of the coin, other forgers created altered date coins with the intent to deceive. Nineteenth-century stage actor
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Moore consulted the Mint records, which indicated that 19,570 dollars were struck in 1804. However, those coins, struck from old dies as was common practice at the time, were dated 1803.
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In the early days of the Mint, dies were saved and reused as an economic measure. They were sometimes modified to include the current date, but that practice was not universally applied.
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began acting as an envoy to Asia on behalf of the United States government, with the intent of negotiating trade deals in the region. During his mission, he reached deals both with
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became the first 1804 dollar to surpass $ 1 million at auction, selling for $ 1,815,000 at a sale conducted by Bowers and Merena, Inc., in 1997.
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Officially, Roberts was a "special agent", but he was described in a later State Department document as a "Special Envoy". Numismatic historian
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design. This contributed to a shortage of small change in circulation, and as a result, the public became increasingly critical of the Mint.
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More modern replicas, known as "Saigon copies", were commonly offered as original at low prices to American soldiers during the
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Edmund Roberts distributed the coins in 1834 and 1835. Two additional sets were ordered for government officials in Japan and
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on the obverse and a heraldic eagle on the reverse. A list of diplomatic gifts was also proposed for missions to Japan and
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on April 27, 1835. The dollars included the sets bore the Draped Bust design, depicting an allegorical representation of
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their rarity was explained by various theories. The bulk of the mintage was variously rumored to have been paid to
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of the 1804 dollar were created, both for the purposes of study and fraud. One such coin in the collection of the
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Roberts delivered the first set of coins to Said bin Sultan on October 1, 1835. He delivered the next set to King
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case & then to have an outward covering would be proper to send not only to the sultan, but to other Asiatics.
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A comparison of a genuine 1804 dollar and an altered-date specimen, from a 1910 book on the subject of rare coins
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Electrotypes were created by making a wax impression of both sides of the coin, coating the impressions with
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finish, were completed and delivered along with their boxes to Roberts shortly prior to his departure on the
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An illustration of the edge lettering (in two segments) appearing on the Class I and Class III 1804 dollars
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The Mickley–Hawn–Queller Class I Original 1804 Dollar, PR62 From the Greensboro Collection, Part IV
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Moore to include "national emblems" (including an eagle and stars) on the exterior of the cases.
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The President has directed that a complete set of the coins of the United States be sent to the
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caused 1804 dollars to be a frequent target of counterfeiting and other methods of deception.
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officially suspended silver dollar coinage on May 1, 1806, addressing a letter to Patterson:
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Beety, John Dale (2013). "The 1804 Dollar—An Introduction to the 'King of American Coins'".
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of the United States to foreign countries." Though none had been struck for over two years,
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on June 12, 1836, before he could initiate contact with any other nations. On June 30,
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suggests that Roberts' original title may have been chosen to avoid intervention from
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for $ 3,737,500, and a Class III was sold by the same firm for $ 2,300,000 in 2009.
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Rama III, the King of Siam, received the second set of coins distributed by Roberts.
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Collectors first became aware of the existence of the 1804 dollar in 1842, when a
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The Spanish milled dollar was declared legal tender in the United States in 1793.
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A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations, Struck Within the Past Century
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The Rare Silver Dollars Dated 1804 and the Exciting Adventures of Edmund Roberts
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copper. The purity and weight standards outlined in the Act were based on the
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The price reached an all-time high in 1999, when the finest known specimen,
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Said bin Sultan was the recipient of a coin set containing an 1804 dollar.
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Photograde: Official Photographic Grading Guide for United States Coins
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King of Eagles: The Most Remarkable Coin Ever Produced by the U.S. Mint
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The Immune Columbia coin in gold, traded by Stickney for an 1804 dollar
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Sir: In Consequence of a representation from the director of the
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Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat
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Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins
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Heraldic representation of an eagle holding a scroll reading "
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There were two empty openings in the case: one the size of a
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Frossard, Edouard (October 1, 1891). Alfred Trumble (ed.).
2251:(17th ed.). Boston, Massachusetts: Alexander & Co. 2203: 573: 293: 61:: 402.8 grains (26.10 g)–416.25 grains (26.973 g) 51:: 410.21 grains (26.581 g)–416.4 grains (26.98 g) 1472: 1470: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 712:
that "no one now believes that they were coined in 1804."
2378:. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Bowers and Merena Galleries. 2281:. Wolfeboro, New Hampshire: Bowers and Merena Galleries. 1979: 1840: 1611: 1551: 1221: 1219: 2404:
Marvin, William T.; Low, Lyman H., eds. (January 1904).
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Lowrie, Walter; Clarke, Matthew St. Clair, eds. (1832).
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Sultan of Muscat Presentation Specimen/Watters Specimen
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of Siam the following year, on April 6. Roberts died in
2688:(62nd ed.). Atlanta, Georgia: Whitman Publishing. 2435: 2392: 2376:
Silver Dollars & Trade Dollars of the United States
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Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage, 1892
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In a November 11, 1834 letter sent to Mint Director
2648: 2596: 2495:. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Numismatic Society. 2478:. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Numismatic Society. 2399:. Vol. VI. Washington, D.C.: Gales and Seaton. 2089: 1169: 2424:The Silver Dollars of the United States of America 366:the largest pieces shall not exceed half a dollar. 2585:Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage 2499: 2197: 853:King of Siam Presentation Specimen/Siam Specimen 747: 3168: 2733: 2613: 2582:Treasury Department, Bureau of the Mint (1897). 1133: 1118: 780:A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations 618:A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations 2527:"$ 1.8 Million Silver Dollar No 'Saigon Copy'" 942:Driefus–Rosenthal Specimen/Rosenthal Specimen 188:", above which are 13 stars and clouds, with " 2719: 616:reproduction of one specimen was featured in 551:unsuccessfully requested permission from the 2649:United States Congress (February 9, 1793). 2420: 1985: 3056:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins 2726: 2712: 2524: 2331: 2225: 2173: 1846: 1617: 287:, or "unit", was to "be of the value of a 165: 122: 88:: Plain - HUNDRED CENTS ONE DOLLAR OR UNIT 2597:Trumble, Alfred, ed. (January 15, 1892). 2546: 2327:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: C. Sherman. 1326: 900:Mint Cabinet Specimen/U.S. Mint Specimen 843:Mint Cabinet Specimen/U.S. Mint Specimen 807:Nicknames of known 1804 dollar specimens 2680: 2482: 2465: 2369: 2355:. Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. 2273: 2209: 1906: 1894: 1870: 1834: 1822: 1791: 1779: 1767: 1755: 1707: 1557: 1476: 1461: 1449: 1437: 1408: 1384: 1372: 1345: 1297: 1285: 1249: 1225: 1210: 1198: 751: 603: 582: 533: 266: 2560: 2447:(Tribute ed.). Racine, Wisconsin: 2295: 2255: 2137: 2014: 1145: 425:approved Roberts' suggestion, writing: 3169: 3062:American Liberty high relief gold coin 2556:. New York, NY: Harper & Brothers. 2348: 2185: 696: 599: 2707: 2508:. Krause Publications. Archived from 1974:American Journal of Numismatics, 1904 226:sets used as diplomatic gifts during 620:, a work authored by Mint employees 174:The reverse of a Class I 1804 dollar 131:The obverse of a Class I 1804 dollar 2686:A Guide Book of United States Coins 2248:Alexander & Co.'s Hub Coin Book 13: 801: 529: 376:Edmund Roberts' diplomatic mission 14: 3203: 2500:Numismatic News (June 28, 2012). 2303:. New York, New York: Doubleday. 738:Professional Coin Grading Service 325:The first dollar coins, known as 69:37-40 mm (1.49-1.57 in) 3154: 3142: 3130: 2684:(2008). Kenneth Bressett (ed.). 915: 908: 893: 886: 836: 829: 457: 445: 95:HUNDRED CENTS ONE DOLLAR OR UNIT 82:HUNDRED CENTS ONE DOLLAR OR UNIT 2489:American Journal of Numismatics 2472:American Journal of Numismatics 2410:American Journal of Numismatics 2218: 1050: 1031: 1021: 1012: 1002: 981: 972: 709:American Journal of Numismatics 640:American Numismatic Association 769:In addition to altered dates, 748:Counterfeits and reproductions 719: 562:National Numismatic Collection 1: 2525:Rochette, Ed (May 25, 1997). 2421:McIlvaine, Arthur D. (1941). 2321:; DuBois, William E. (1842). 1067: 370: 262: 2735:Coinage of the United States 2267:Heritage Numismatic Auctions 2245:Alexander & Co. (1910). 960:List of most expensive coins 380:In 1832, commercial shipper 7: 3182:Goddess of Liberty on coins 2429:American Numismatic Society 2416:(3). Boston, Massachusetts. 2162:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2150:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2126:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2102:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2078:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2066:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2051:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2039:Newman & Bressett, 2009 2027:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1998:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1962:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1950:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1938:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1926:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1883:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1859:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1811:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1744:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1732:Eckfeldt & DuBois, 1842 1720:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1696:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1684:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1672:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1657:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1642:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1630:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1606:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1591:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1570:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1546:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1531:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1516:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1501:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1489:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1426:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1397:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1361:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1315:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1262:American State Papers, 1832 1238:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1187:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1158:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1104:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1092:Newman & Bressett, 2009 1080:Newman & Bressett, 2009 953: 679:, tutor of the children of 10: 3208: 3187:United States dollar coins 2590:Government Printing Office 2334:"The U.S. Mint Collection" 3071: 3010: 2932: 2871: 2784: 2741: 2651:"Act of February 9, 1793" 2445:The Fantastic 1804 Dollar 2344:(19). New York, New York. 2114:Alexander & Co., 1910 914: 907: 904: 882: 835: 828: 825: 820: 817: 814: 811: 570:federal shooting festival 473:The Fantastic 1804 Dollar 390:Sultan of Muscat and Oman 363:Bank of the United States 196: 178: 173: 164: 159: 151: 135: 130: 121: 116: 100: 73: 65: 44: 33: 26: 2609:(6). New York, New York. 2561:Ruddy, James F. (2005). 2502:"Cracking Down on Fakes" 2483:Nexsen, John A. (1905). 2466:Nexsen, John A. (1891). 965: 707:Marvin, writing for the 475:, numismatic historians 190:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 56:: 392.6 grains (25.45 g) 2542:(subscription required) 2406:"The 1804 Dollar Again" 2349:Ganz, David L. (2010). 2226:Albanese, Dean (2009). 2090:The Art Collector, 1891 1170:Act of February 9, 1793 868:Parmalee-Reed Specimen 818:Representative reverse 815:Representative obverse 685:Rodgers and Hammerstein 538:A Class III 1804 dollar 2619:"Act of April 2, 1792" 2615:United States Congress 2427:. New York, New York: 2265:(PDF). Dallas, Texas: 757: 609: 588: 539: 435: 415: 368: 272: 245:, but Roberts died in 2396:American State Papers 2370:Julian, R.W. (1993). 2198:Numismatic News, 2012 755: 607: 586: 537: 427: 421:, Secretary of State 407: 359: 289:Spanish milled dollar 270: 192:" along the periphery 3105:(1976, 1992–present) 2588:. Washington, D.C.: 2441:Bressett, Kenneth E. 1134:Act of April 2, 1792 1119:Act of April 2, 1792 997:United States Senate 327:Flowing Hair dollars 212:Bowed Liberty Dollar 3044:First Spouse (gold) 2352:Rare Coin Investing 2212:, pp. 357–369. 2128:, pp. 106–107. 2041:, pp. 175–178. 1106:, pp. 129–130. 1082:, pp. 120–122. 937:Linderman Specimen 821:Specimen nicknames 808: 697:Years of production 600:Numismatic interest 481:Kenneth E. Bressett 402:Department of State 277:Coinage Act of 1792 23: 16:Coin worth one US$ 3177:1835 introductions 2659:United States Mint 2627:United States Mint 2599:"That 1804 Dollar" 2449:Whitman Publishing 2319:Eckfeldt, Jacob R. 2080:, p. 103–104. 848:Stickney Specimen 806: 775:San Francisco Mint 758: 610: 589: 553:Treasury Secretary 549:James Ross Snowden 540: 352:Secretary of State 281:United States Mint 273: 220:United States Mint 21: 3118: 3117: 3046:(2007–2016; 2020) 2695:978-0-7948-2491-4 2617:(April 2, 1792). 2603:The Art Collector 2539:on April 2, 2015. 2485:"The 1804 Dollar" 2468:"The 1804 Dollar" 2458:978-0-7948-2829-5 2362:978-1-4402-1358-8 2310:978-0-385-14207-6 2237:978-0-9799475-2-0 1861:, pp. 24–25. 1746:, pp. 71–73. 1686:, pp. 60–61. 1632:, pp. 75–81. 1608:, pp. 80–81. 1560:, pp. 17–19. 1399:, pp. 64–65. 1160:, pp. 20–21. 1046: 1028:through the Mint. 951: 950: 873:Mickley Specimen 742:Heritage Auctions 622:Jacob R. Eckfeldt 594:S. Hudson Chapman 558:William E. DuBois 520:Edmund P. Kennedy 319:Philadelphia Mint 306:George Washington 204: 203: 191: 187: 146: 96: 83: 3199: 3159: 3158: 3157: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3126: 3103:Silver Proof Set 3091:Special Mint Set 2898: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2728: 2721: 2714: 2705: 2704: 2699: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2668: 2662:. Archived from 2655: 2645: 2643: 2642: 2636: 2630:. Archived from 2623: 2610: 2593: 2578: 2557: 2543: 2540: 2535:. Archived from 2532:The Buffalo News 2521: 2519: 2517: 2512:on April 2, 2015 2496: 2479: 2462: 2432: 2417: 2400: 2389: 2372:Bowers, Q. David 2366: 2345: 2328: 2314: 2292: 2275:Bowers, Q. David 2270: 2264: 2252: 2241: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2063: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1660: 1654: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1594: 1588: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1534: 1528: 1519: 1513: 1504: 1503:, p. 18–19. 1498: 1492: 1491:, p. 17–18. 1486: 1480: 1474: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1429: 1423: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1349: 1343: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1241: 1235: 1229: 1223: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1122: 1116: 1107: 1101: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1077: 1061: 1054: 1048: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1016: 1010: 1006: 1000: 985: 979: 976: 919: 912: 897: 890: 863:Dexter Specimen 840: 833: 809: 805: 795:South Vietnamese 736:Proof-68 by the 545:Castaing machine 461: 449: 343:Robert Patterson 189: 183: 169: 144: 126: 94: 81: 24: 20: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3197: 3196: 3192:Eagles on coins 3167: 3166: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3067: 3050:Palladium Eagle 3006: 2928: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2867: 2808:1¢ (large size) 2799: 2795: 2794: 2780: 2737: 2732: 2702: 2696: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2653: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2621: 2575: 2548:Roberts, Edmund 2541: 2515: 2513: 2459: 2437:Newman, Eric P. 2386: 2363: 2311: 2289: 2262: 2238: 2221: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2192: 2184: 2180: 2172: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2096: 2088: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2021: 2013: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1986:McIlvaine, 1941 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1893: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1798: 1790: 1786: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1762: 1754: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1702: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1678: 1670: 1663: 1655: 1648: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1604: 1597: 1589: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1552: 1544: 1537: 1529: 1522: 1514: 1507: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1448: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1424: 1415: 1407: 1403: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1379: 1371: 1367: 1359: 1352: 1344: 1333: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1304: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1280: 1272: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1248: 1244: 1236: 1232: 1224: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1197: 1193: 1185: 1176: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1125: 1117: 1110: 1102: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1055: 1051: 1044:E PLURIBUS UNUM 1036: 1032: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1007: 1003: 989:Q. David Bowers 986: 982: 977: 973: 968: 956: 947:Idler Specimen 932:Davis Specimen 927:Adams Specimen 878:Cohen Specimen 804: 802:Known specimens 763:John T. Raymond 750: 727:Louis Eliasberg 722: 704:Barbary pirates 699: 643:consisted of a 632:Q. David Bowers 627:Immune Columbia 602: 568:minted for the 566:shooting thaler 532: 530:Later restrikes 469: 468: 467: 466: 465: 462: 454: 453: 450: 386:Said bin Sultan 378: 373: 265: 185:E PLURIBUS UNUM 108: 89: 84: 57: 52: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3205: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3164: 3163: 3151: 3139: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3087:(1947–present) 3082: 3081:(1936–present) 3075: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3064:(2015–present) 3059: 3053: 3052:(2017–present) 3047: 3041: 3040:(2006–present) 3035: 3034:(1997–present) 3032:Platinum Eagle 3029: 3028:(1986–present) 3023: 3022:(1986–present) 3016: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2883: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2790: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2708: 2701: 2700: 2694: 2678: 2646: 2611: 2594: 2579: 2573: 2558: 2544: 2522: 2497: 2480: 2463: 2457: 2433: 2418: 2401: 2390: 2384: 2367: 2361: 2346: 2329: 2315: 2309: 2293: 2287: 2271: 2253: 2242: 2236: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2202: 2190: 2178: 2174:Rochette, 1997 2166: 2164:, p. 107. 2154: 2152:, p. 106. 2142: 2140:, p. 265. 2130: 2118: 2106: 2104:, p. 105. 2094: 2082: 2070: 2068:, p. 103. 2055: 2053:, p. 178. 2043: 2031: 2029:, p. 189. 2019: 2002: 2000:, p. 194. 1990: 1978: 1966: 1964:, p. 129. 1954: 1942: 1930: 1911: 1909:, p. 102. 1899: 1887: 1875: 1873:, p. 351. 1863: 1851: 1849:, p. 111. 1847:Albanese, 2009 1839: 1837:, p. 359. 1827: 1825:, p. 247. 1815: 1796: 1794:, p. 357. 1784: 1782:, p. 347. 1772: 1770:, p. 350. 1760: 1758:, p. 348. 1748: 1736: 1724: 1712: 1710:, p. 356. 1700: 1698:, p. 114. 1688: 1676: 1661: 1659:, p. 112. 1646: 1634: 1622: 1620:, p. 231. 1618:Frossard, 1891 1610: 1595: 1574: 1562: 1550: 1535: 1533:, p. 203. 1520: 1505: 1493: 1481: 1479:, p. 433. 1466: 1454: 1452:, p. 264. 1442: 1440:, p. 235. 1430: 1413: 1411:, p. 210. 1401: 1389: 1387:, p. 432. 1377: 1375:, p. 255. 1365: 1350: 1348:, p. 195. 1331: 1329:, p. 319. 1319: 1302: 1300:, p. 191. 1290: 1288:, p. 142. 1278: 1266: 1264:, p. 165. 1254: 1242: 1230: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1174: 1162: 1150: 1148:, p. 423. 1138: 1123: 1108: 1096: 1094:, p. 128. 1084: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1049: 1030: 1020: 1011: 1001: 980: 970: 969: 967: 964: 963: 962: 955: 952: 949: 948: 944: 943: 939: 938: 934: 933: 929: 928: 924: 923: 922:Berg Specimen 920: 913: 906: 902: 901: 898: 891: 884: 880: 879: 875: 874: 870: 869: 865: 864: 860: 859: 855: 854: 850: 849: 845: 844: 841: 834: 827: 823: 822: 819: 816: 813: 803: 800: 749: 746: 721: 718: 698: 695: 690:The King and I 677:Anna Leonowens 601: 598: 531: 528: 477:Eric P. Newman 471:In their book 463: 456: 455: 451: 444: 443: 442: 441: 440: 382:Edmund Roberts 377: 374: 372: 369: 338:Elias Boudinot 264: 261: 228:Edmund Roberts 218:struck by the 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 180: 176: 175: 171: 170: 162: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 137: 133: 132: 128: 127: 119: 118: 114: 113: 102: 98: 97: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 46: 42: 41: 35: 31: 30: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3204: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3162: 3161:United States 3152: 3150: 3140: 3138: 3128: 3127: 3124: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2934:Commemorative 2931: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2697: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2669:on 2015-02-22 2665: 2661: 2660: 2652: 2647: 2637:on 2015-02-22 2633: 2629: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2580: 2576: 2574:0-9742371-5-9 2570: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2385:0-943161-48-7 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2338:The Collector 2335: 2330: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2297:Breen, Walter 2294: 2290: 2288:0-943161-82-7 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2223: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2194: 2188:, p. 99. 2187: 2182: 2175: 2170: 2163: 2158: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2134: 2127: 2122: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2092:, p. 90. 2091: 2086: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2052: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2007: 1999: 1994: 1988:, p. 29. 1987: 1982: 1976:, p. 92. 1975: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1952:, p. 13. 1951: 1946: 1940:, p. 61. 1939: 1934: 1928:, p. 58. 1927: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1908: 1903: 1897:, p. 98. 1896: 1891: 1885:, p. 94. 1884: 1879: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1855: 1848: 1843: 1836: 1831: 1824: 1819: 1813:, p. 66. 1812: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1793: 1788: 1781: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1757: 1752: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1728: 1722:, p. 19. 1721: 1716: 1709: 1704: 1697: 1692: 1685: 1680: 1674:, p. 88. 1673: 1668: 1666: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1644:, p. 81. 1643: 1638: 1631: 1626: 1619: 1614: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1593:, p. 80. 1592: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1572:, p. 78. 1571: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1548:, p. 75. 1547: 1542: 1540: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1518:, p. 35. 1517: 1512: 1510: 1502: 1497: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1464:, p. 28. 1463: 1458: 1451: 1446: 1439: 1434: 1428:, p. 65. 1427: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1410: 1405: 1398: 1393: 1386: 1381: 1374: 1369: 1363:, p. 64. 1362: 1357: 1355: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1328: 1327:Roberts, 1837 1323: 1317:, p. 63. 1316: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1294: 1287: 1282: 1276:, p. 16. 1275: 1270: 1263: 1258: 1252:, p. 41. 1251: 1246: 1240:, p. 22. 1239: 1234: 1228:, p. 46. 1227: 1222: 1220: 1213:, p. 44. 1212: 1207: 1201:, p. 35. 1200: 1195: 1189:, p. 21. 1188: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1171: 1166: 1159: 1154: 1147: 1142: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1105: 1100: 1093: 1088: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1059: 1053: 1045: 1040: 1034: 1024: 1015: 1005: 998: 994: 990: 984: 975: 971: 961: 958: 957: 946: 945: 941: 940: 936: 935: 931: 930: 926: 925: 921: 918: 911: 903: 899: 896: 892: 889: 885: 881: 877: 876: 872: 871: 867: 866: 862: 861: 857: 856: 852: 851: 847: 846: 842: 839: 832: 824: 810: 799: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 776: 772: 767: 764: 754: 745: 743: 739: 735: 730: 728: 717: 713: 710: 705: 694: 692: 691: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 665:quarter eagle 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 641: 636: 633: 628: 623: 619: 615: 606: 597: 595: 585: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 554: 550: 546: 536: 527: 525: 524:Adam Eckfeldt 521: 517: 513: 508: 506: 502: 498: 497: 491: 487: 482: 478: 474: 460: 448: 439: 434: 432: 426: 424: 420: 414: 412: 406: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 367: 364: 358: 356: 355:James Madison 353: 349: 344: 339: 336: 335:Mint Director 332: 328: 323: 320: 316: 315:Gresham's law 312: 307: 304: 299: 295: 290: 286: 282: 278: 269: 260: 256: 253: 248: 244: 239: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 199: 195: 186: 181: 177: 172: 168: 163: 158: 154: 150: 142: 138: 134: 129: 125: 120: 115: 112: 107: 103: 99: 92: 87: 79: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 55: 50: 47: 43: 40: 36: 32: 28:United States 25: 19: 3109:Prestige Set 3097:Souvenir Set 3072:Special sets 3038:Gold Buffalo 3020:Silver Eagle 2685: 2682:Yeoman, R.S. 2671:. Retrieved 2664:the original 2657: 2639:. Retrieved 2632:the original 2625: 2606: 2602: 2584: 2563: 2552: 2537:the original 2530: 2516:February 28, 2514:. 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In 1859, 394:Phra Khlang 331:Draped Bust 296:of several 243:Cochinchina 230:' trips to 216:dollar coin 208:1804 dollar 197:Design date 152:Design date 101:Composition 39:U.S. dollar 3171:Categories 3026:Gold Eagle 2838:$ 1 (gold) 2673:2015-02-06 2641:2015-02-06 2186:Ganz, 2010 1068:References 905:Class III 793:and other 669:half eagle 663:, dollar, 614:pantograph 572:held in 392:, and the 371:Production 263:Background 224:proof coin 3079:Proof Set 1039:half dime 883:Class II 645:half cent 303:President 301:In 1793, 91:Class III 59:Class III 3085:Mint Set 2873:Canceled 2786:Obsolete 2550:(1837). 2443:(2009). 2299:(1988). 2277:(1999). 1058:graphite 993:Congress 954:See also 826:Class I 687:musical 512:Rama III 139:Bust of 86:Class II 66:Diameter 54:Class II 3123:Portals 3012:Bullion 2894:⁄ 2798:⁄ 2414:XXXVIII 2374:(ed.). 681:Rama IV 657:quarter 578:obverse 501:Liberty 496:Peacock 411:morocco 160:Reverse 145:LIBERTY 141:Liberty 117:Obverse 78:Class I 49:Class I 2692:  2571:  2455:  2382:  2359:  2307:  2285:  2234:  791:Saigon 734:graded 388:, the 348:specie 298:assays 285:dollar 236:Muscat 214:was a 179:Design 136:Design 109:10.0% 104:90.0% 22:Dollar 3137:Money 3002:2020s 2997:2010s 2992:2000s 2987:1990s 2982:1980s 2977:1970s 2972:1950s 2967:1940s 2962:1930s 2957:1920s 2952:1910s 2947:1900s 2942:1800s 2924:$ 100 2843:$ 2.5 2667:(PDF) 2654:(PDF) 2635:(PDF) 2622:(PDF) 2493:XXXIX 2263:(PDF) 1009:coin. 966:Notes 812:Type 789:. In 673:eagle 516:Macau 490:proof 486:eagle 247:Macau 34:Value 2919:$ 50 2863:$ 20 2858:$ 10 2690:ISBN 2569:ISBN 2518:2015 2453:ISBN 2380:ISBN 2357:ISBN 2305:ISBN 2283:ISBN 2232:ISBN 671:and 653:dime 649:cent 574:Bern 494:USS 479:and 398:Siam 294:mean 275:The 234:and 232:Siam 206:The 200:1798 155:1795 74:Edge 45:Mass 2914:$ 4 2909:$ 2 2853:$ 5 2848:$ 3 2833:20¢ 2776:$ 1 2771:50¢ 2766:25¢ 2761:10¢ 2607:III 2476:XXV 396:of 210:or 3173:: 2813:2¢ 2756:5¢ 2751:1¢ 2656:. 2624:. 2605:. 2601:. 2529:. 2504:. 2491:. 2487:. 2474:. 2470:. 2451:. 2439:; 2412:. 2408:. 2342:II 2340:. 2336:. 2058:^ 2005:^ 1914:^ 1799:^ 1664:^ 1649:^ 1598:^ 1577:^ 1538:^ 1523:^ 1508:^ 1469:^ 1416:^ 1353:^ 1334:^ 1305:^ 1218:^ 1177:^ 1126:^ 1111:^ 782:. 693:. 667:, 659:, 655:, 651:, 647:, 238:. 111:Cu 106:Ag 93:: 80:: 37:1 3125:: 2899:¢ 2896:2 2892:1 2889:+ 2887:2 2803:¢ 2800:2 2796:1 2727:e 2720:t 2713:v 2698:. 2676:. 2644:. 2592:. 2577:. 2520:. 2461:. 2431:. 2388:. 2365:. 2313:. 2291:. 2269:. 2240:. 2200:. 2176:. 999:. 147:"

Index

U.S. dollar
Ag
Cu

Liberty

E PLURIBUS UNUM
dollar coin
United States Mint
proof coin
Edmund Roberts
Siam
Muscat
Cochinchina
Macau
Numismatists
A silver coin depicting pillars, a globe and a coat of arms
Coinage Act of 1792
United States Mint
dollar
Spanish milled dollar
mean
assays
President
George Washington
dollar coins
Gresham's law
Philadelphia Mint
Flowing Hair dollars
Draped Bust

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