1909:
635:
518:
184:
279:
364:
22:
1861:
1885:
1837:
1849:
1825:
1897:
1873:
2010:
876:
Cochinchina was occupied by Japan during World War II (1941–45). After the
Japanese surrender in August 1945, the Communist-front Viet Minh had declared a provisional government (a Southern Administrative Committee) in Saigon. In Saigon, the violence of a French restoration assisted by British and
863:
and, following the French declaration of war against
Germany in September 1939 was suppressed. Under the slogan "Land to the Tillers, Freedom for the workers and independence for Vietnam", in November 1940 the Communist Party in Cochinchina instigated a widespread
266:
is north of "Lũy Sầy" (an incorrect pronunciation and spelling of "Lũy Thầy") demarcating "Cocincina exterior" (or "Outer Annam") from "Cocincina interior" (or "Inner Annam"). A small river immediately north of "Lũy Sầy", drawn but not annotated, was likely the
576:
of the Nguyễn realm, whose leaders then had to flee to Lower
Cochinchina. The three brothers of Tây Sơn, former peasants, however, soon succeeded in conquering first the lands of the Nguyễn and then the lands of the Trịnh, briefly unifying Vietnam.
854:
was accompanied by promises of colonial reform. Failure to deliver, helped generate further unrest culminating in the summer of 1937 in general dock and transport strikes. The left anti-colonial forces split between the Moscow-oriented
599:
reigned from 14 February 1820 until 20 January 1841 what was known to the
British as Cochin China and to the Americans as hyphenated Cochin-China. In hopes of negotiating commercial treaties, the British in 1822 sent
800:
The French authorities dispossessed
Vietnamese landowners and peasants to ensure European control of the expansion of rice and rubber production. As they expanded in response to the increased rubber demand after the
552:
With the end of the war with the Trịnh, the Nguyễn were able to devote more effort (and military force) to conquest of the south. First, the remaining Champa territories were taken; next, the areas around the
750:
as its first governor. As a result, the name "Cochinchina" came to refer exclusively to the southern third of
Vietnam. (In Catholic ecclesiastical contexts Cochinchina still related to the older meaning of
471:
As a result of a civil war that started in 1520, the
Emperor of China sent a commission to study the political status of Annam in 1536. As a consequence of the delivered report, he declared war against the
322:
moved further south, and came to refer exclusively to the southernmost part of
Vietnam. Beside the French colony of Cochinchina, the two other parts of Vietnam at the time were the French protectorates of
595:, a tenacious member of the Nguyễn noble family who fought for 25 years against the Tây Sơn and ultimately conquered the entire country in 1802. He ruled all of Vietnam under the name Gia Long. His son
484:
and the Mạc had a right to part of the lands and so they recognised the Lê rule in the southern part of
Vietnam while at the same time recognising the Mạc rule in the northern part, which was called
797:
in Paris. Within
Indochina, Cochinchina was the territory with the greatest European presence. At its height, in 1940, it was estimated at 16,550 people, the vast majority living in Saigon.
885:(Nam Bộ kháng chiến) the Viet Minh defeated rival resistance forces but, by the end of 1945, had been pushed out of Saigon and major urban centres into the countryside.
1908:
561:
and the Cambodian kings in the period 1715 to 1770 with the Vietnamese gaining more territory with each war. The wars all involved the much more powerful
1970:
480:(the real power in any case), hurried to submit to the Imperial will, and declared himself to be a vassal of China. The Chinese declared that both the
974:"Lũy Thầy" means the "Defense Wall (Lũy) by the Teacher (Thầy)," which was annotated in German as "Alter Grenzwall" meaning "Old border wall" in the
1216:
2034:
768:
927:, with French and American patronage Cochinchina was merged in 1955 with Annam south of the 17th parallel to form the Republic of Vietnam, "
476:. The nominal ruler of the Mạc died at the very time that the Chinese armies passed the frontiers of the kingdom in 1537, and his father,
176:, depending on the contexts. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer to the region south of the
1730:
1683:
545:. Over the next 50 years, Vietnamese control slowly expanded in this area but only gradually as the Nguyễn were fighting a protracted
1652:
Chonchirdsim, Sud (November 1997). "The Indochinese Communist Party and the Nam Ky Uprising in Cochin China November December 1940".
1298:
Embassy to the Eastern courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat : in the U.S. sloop-of-war Peacock ... during the years 1832–3–4
905:
634:
628:
624:
495:, leading the Royal (Trịnh) army, conquered nearly all of the Mạc territory and moved the Lê kings back to the original capital of
831:
375:
The conquest of the south of present-day Vietnam was a long process of territorial acquisition by the Vietnamese. It is called
1403:
1241:
1108:
760:
746:
In 1871 all the territories ceded to the French in southern Vietnam were incorporated as colony of Cochinchina, with Admiral
764:
533:
built his own government in the two southern provinces of Thuận Hóa and Quảng Nam, today in central Vietnam. In 1623, lord
400:. The next two hundred years was a time of territorial consolidation and civil war with only gradual expansion southwards.
415:, Đại Việt, and established a presence there. They named the area "Cochin-China", borrowing the first part from the Malay
835:– VNQDD). At the same time, the local peasantry were driven into debt servitude, and into plantation labour, by land and
308:(Southward expansion). This region was also the first part of Vietnam to be colonized by the French. Inaugurated as the
1567:
1541:
1486:
1200:
1173:
1135:
1045:
687:
1848:
710:
612:, who returned in 1836. Neither envoy was fully cognizant of conditions within the country, and neither succeeded.
314:
in 1862, this colonial administrative unit reached its full extent from 1867 and was a constituent territory of
726:
In 1867, French Admiral Pierre de la Grandière forced the Vietnamese to surrender three additional provinces,
2029:
1824:
1370:
2014:
882:
782:
546:
328:
1604:
Manfred McDowell, "Sky without Light: a Vietnamese Tragedy," New Politics, Vol XIII, No. 3, 2011, p. 1341
1417:
1035:
896:. In 1946, the French proclaimed Cochinchina an "autonomous republic", which was one of the causes of the
805:, the European plantations recruited, as indentured labour, workers from "the overcrowded villages of the
814:
778:
534:
324:
856:
818:
738:. With these three additions all of southern Vietnam and the Mekong Delta fell under French control.
1292:
865:
840:
609:
517:
194:(or "Cocincina"), interior ̣(Đàng Trong) and exterior (Đàng Ngoài) in higher resolution with colors.
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233:
183:
1836:
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195:
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in 1954 by combining Lower Cochinchina with the southern part of Annam, the former protectorate.
1884:
1263:
Journal of an Embassy from the Governor-general of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China
975:
847:
702:
477:
404:
367:
Lũy Thầy (The Defense Wall by the Teacher) or in German "Alter Grenzwall" (Old Border Wall) by
346:
120:Đàng Trong (17th–18th centuries), Việt Nam (1802–1831), Đại Nam (1831–1862), Nam Kỳ (1862–1945)
1190:
1098:
1727:
1694:
1231:
1125:
1100:
New Perspectives on the History and Historiography of Southeast Asia: Continuing Explorations
860:
731:
132:
735:
393:
924:
721:
659:
569:
871:
747:
488:(i.e. Tonkin). This was to be a feudatory state of China under the government of the Mạc.
8:
920:
897:
756:
671:
667:
268:
211:
115:
1896:
1872:
1327:
A Voyage Round the World: Including an Embassy to Muscat and Siam in 1835, 1836 and 1837
1325:
1296:
1075:
Wheeler, Charles (2009). "A Coastal Panorama of Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Champa in the
557:
river were placed under Vietnamese control. At least three wars were fought between the
530:
389:
1987:
1793:
1665:
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1210:
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679:
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of Northern, Eastern, and Western Cochinchina were renamed to Apostolic Vicariates of
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249:
1563:
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1399:
1331:
1267:
1237:
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1169:
1131:
1104:
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500:
461:
283:
239:
187:
1774:
Cauldron of resistance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and 1950s southern Vietnam
492:
388:, English meaning "South Advance") by Vietnamese historians. Vietnam (then known as
278:
1979:
1951:
1931:
1657:
1631:
1627:
1429:
1016:
909:
774:
694:
683:
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342:
315:
207:
151:
94:
44:
1965:
1808:
888:
After 1945, the status of Cochinchina was a subject of discord between France and
572:, coming out from the Nguyễn domain. In 1774, the Trịnh army captured the capital
456:
in Vietnam. They appended the "China" specifier to disting uish the area from the
1734:
1261:
806:
542:
512:
473:
257:
222:
203:
143:
88:
26:
2001:
Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1233:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
1127:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: southern Vietnam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
1037:
Nguyễn Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
363:
1946:
1661:
522:
123:
16:
Historical name for various regions of Vietnam from the 17th to 20th centuries
2023:
1936:
1257:
1007:
David Hunt (February 1982). "Village Culture and the Vietnamese Revolution".
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932:
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465:
368:
332:
21:
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1335:
1271:
1020:
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from 1887 until early 1945. So during the French colonial period, the label
1941:
1433:
958:
663:
377:
303:
191:
889:
822:
802:
272:
263:
177:
1669:
1639:
1096:
499:. The Mạc only held on to a tiny part of north Vietnam until 1667, when
1991:
872:
Southern Resistance War and incorporation into South Vietnam, 1945–1955
836:
785:(northern Vietnam), Cochinchina was ruled directly by the French, both
620:
1192:
A glossary of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases: Hobson-Jobson
506:
385:
382:
300:, is the newest territory of the Vietnamese people in the movement of
893:
851:
446:
1983:
868:. Fighting in the Mekong Delta continued until the end of the year.
541:, then called Prey Nakor, with the consent of the king of Cambodia,
682:
in September 1858. Unable to occupy Đà Nẵng, the alliance moved to
1152:
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. Vol 2: Expansion and Crisis
1396:
Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858–1954, La Découverte
1266:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley.
675:
619:
for details) repelled the Siamese from Cambodia and even annexed
485:
441:
436:
412:
173:
202:
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was divided between the
2009:
1926:
1728:
Concert to mark 66th anniversary of the Southern Resistance War
1606:
https://newpol.org/review/sky-without-light-vietnamese-tragedy/
810:
690:
554:
538:
457:
397:
297:
243:
215:
159:
1762:, vol. I, Pygmalion – Gérard Watelet, Paris, 1988, pp. 399–406
701:
was forced to cede the three southern Vietnamese provinces of
1584:
Revolutionnaires Vietnamiens et pouvoir colonial en Indochine
1418:"Land codes and the state in French Cochinchina c. 1900–1940"
565:
kings who fought on behalf of their vassals, the Cambodians.
496:
432:
106:
68:
56:
1301:(Digital ed.). Harper & Brothers (published 2007).
1189:
Yule, Sir Henry Yule, A. C. Burnell, William Crooke (1995).
1166:
The Propagation of Islam in the Indonesian-Malay Archipelago
843:, and to widespread agrarian and labor unrest in 1930-32.
392:) greatly expanded its territory in 1470 under the emperor
77:
71:
53:
1560:
In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary
1479:
In the Crossfire: Adventures of a Vietnamese Revolutionary
1168:. Malaysian Sociological Research Institute. p. 316.
1059:
1057:
103:
1618:
Tyson, James L. (1974). "Labor Unions in South Vietnam".
1369:
Llewellyn, Jennifer; Jim Southey; Steve Thompson (2018).
210:
to the south. The two domains bordered each other on the
59:
1054:
693:. Later on, the French defeated the Nguyễn army at the
627:, but were forced to relinquish these conquests in the
957:
was likely among the first to explain the meaning of "
773:
In 1887, the colony became a confederal member of the
491:
However, this arrangement did not last long. In 1592,
1684:"Inequality and Insurgency in Vietnam: A re-analysis"
825:), and of other underground nationalist parties (the
817:". These migrants brought south the influence of the
100:
97:
74:
62:
50:
47:
1971:
Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
1097:Michael Arthur Aung-Thwin; Kenneth R. Hall (2011).
961:" in his 1837 scientific article; see quotation in
916:as head of state, was then officially established.
507:
Cochinchina Kingdom of the Nguyen lords (1600–1774)
282:Cochin China ("Cocincina") exterior and "Lũy Sầy,"
137:
65:
30:
or Cochinchina in 1867, including Lower Cochinchina
1968:(1849). "Geography of the Cochin-Chinese Empire".
1536:. Berkeley, California: University of California.
1357:Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858–1954
1154:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. p. 211n.
642:
1749:, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 113–116.
1090:
2021:
1324:Ruschenberger, William Samuel Waithman (2007) .
336:
301:
255:
247:
220:
228:, was called Cochinchina by most Europeans and
1854:The six provinces of Lower Cochinchina in 1863
254:) and "Cochin China" as "Cocincina interior" (
1586:. François Maspero, Paris. 1975, Appendix 24.
1323:
950:
948:
439:, and which in turn derived from the Chinese
1791:
1215:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1063:
881:. In the course of what became known as the
581:Cochinchina Empire of the Nguyễn (1802–1862)
431:(unrealated to Indian or Japanese cities of
291:
1534:Vietnamese anticolonialism, 1885–1925
1394:Pierre Brocheux and Daniel Hémery (2001),
1006:
945:
902:Provisional Government of Southern Vietnam
900:. In 1948, Cochinchina was renamed as the
529:In 1600 after returning from Tonkin, lord
464:in India, their first headquarters in the
1752:
906:Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
877:surrendered Japanese troops, triggered a
793:, and was represented by a deputy in the
568:During the late 18th century emerged the
1964:
1830:Cochinchina in 1829 under Nguyễn Dynasty
1562:. Oakland CA: AK Press. pp. 54–55.
1256:
1250:
686:in the South. On 17 February 1859, they
633:
591:Final unification of Vietnam came under
516:
362:
277:
182:
20:
2003:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1771:
1291:
1285:
1229:
904:. It was merged the next year with the
846:In 1936 the formation in France of the
2035:Former countries in Vietnamese history
2022:
1747:The Communist Road to Power in Vietnam
1415:
1371:"Conquest and Colonisation of Vietnam"
1223:
1163:
521:1771 Map of Tonkin and Cochinchina by
1681:
1617:
1317:
839:. Such conditions contributed to the
658:For a series of complex reasons, the
218:by Europeans, and the southern part,
1531:
1481:. Oakland CA: AK Press. p. 51.
1188:
1182:
196:Highest resolution map (3500 × 6111)
1776:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1557:
1476:
1355:Pierre Brocheux and Daniel Hémery,
1236:. SEAP Publications. pp. 63–.
923:and temporary partition of Vietnam
537:established a trading community at
13:
1998:
1958:
1516:
1461:
1446:
1123:
1033:
653:
262:). In this classic 1838 map, the
214:. The northern section was called
14:
2051:
1130:. SEAP Publications. p. 72.
1117:
623:and surrounding territory in the
608:, and the Americans in 1833 sent
2008:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1501:
1359:, La Découverte, 2004, pp. 34–35
879:general uprising on September 23
741:
93:
43:
1765:
1739:
1721:
1712:
1675:
1646:
1611:
1598:
1589:
1576:
1551:
1525:
1510:
1495:
1470:
1455:
1440:
1422:Journal of Historical Geography
1409:
1388:
1362:
1349:
1157:
643:Colonial Cochinchina: 1862–1945
615:Gia Long's successors (see the
1632:10.1080/00927678.1974.10587653
1519:'White Gold' or 'White Blood'?
1449:'White Gold' or 'White Blood'?
1144:
1085:: Viagens, Visoes, e Encontros
1069:
1027:
1000:
968:
777:. Unlike the protectorates of
547:civil war with the Trịnh lords
503:conquered the last Mạc lands.
164:
1:
1784:
1504:Vietnamese Tradition on Trial
352:
1103:. Routledge. pp. 158–.
993:
813:and the coastal lowlands of
435:), which referred to all of
7:
1919:
1608:(accessed 10 October 2019).
1464:Violence and Colonial Order
931:", under the presidency of
341:) was reorganized from the
296:), whose principal city is
138:
10:
2056:
1816:
1745:Duiker, Wiliam J. (1981),
1682:Paige, Jeffery M. (1970).
1662:10.1177/0967828X9700500304
1416:Cleary, Mark (July 2003).
861:Trotskyist left opposition
755:until 1924 when the three
719:
646:
610:diplomatist Edmund Roberts
584:
510:
356:
242:, in his 1838 map, called
1772:Chapman, Jessica (2013).
1330:. Harper & Brothers.
1195:. Routledge. p. 34.
984:Notes on Vietnam History,
841:1916 Cochinchina uprising
775:Union of French Indochina
670:troops arriving from the
629:war between 1841 and 1845
625:war between 1831 and 1834
246:as "Cocincina exterior" (
155:
127:
1842:Cochinchina in 1832–1841
1795:Notes on Vietnam History
1654:South East Asia Research
1081:Fernão Mendes Pinto e a
963:Notes on Vietnam History
938:
638:Map of French Indochina.
462:princely state of Cochin
1760:Les Guerres d'Indochine
1718:Van (2010), pp. 116–139
1532:Marr, David G. (1970).
1164:Gordon, Alijah (2001).
883:Southern Resistance War
713:to France in June 1862
1434:10.1006/jhge.2002.0465
912:, with former emperor
832:Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng
781:(central Vietnam) and
680:Nguyen Dynasty Vietnam
639:
526:
372:
337:
327:(Central Vietnam) and
302:
292:
287:
256:
248:
221:
199:
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31:
2017:at Wikimedia Commons
1792:Vu Quoc Loc (2023a),
1040:. SEAP Publications.
1021:10.1093/past/94.1.131
699:Vietnamese government
637:
585:Further information:
520:
381:(Chinese characters:
366:
357:Further information:
281:
271:, a tributary to the
206:to the north and the
186:
24:
2030:Geography of Vietnam
1758:Philippe Franchini,
1124:Li, Tana Li (1998).
757:Apostolic Vicariates
722:Cochinchina campaign
660:Second French Empire
396:, at the expense of
331:(Northern Vietnam).
1914:Cochinchina in 1929
1902:Cochinchina in 1906
1890:Cochinchina in 1882
1878:Cochinchina in 1878
1866:Cochinchina in 1876
921:First Indochina War
898:First Indochina War
821:of Nguyen Ai Quoc (
672:Spanish East Indies
666:, with the help of
290:Lower Cochinchina (
1798:, Internet Archive
1733:2011-12-19 at the
1656:. 5 (3): 269–293.
1009:Past & Present
850:government led by
649:French Cochinchina
640:
602:East India Company
535:Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên
527:
405:Portuguese traders
373:
359:History of Vietnam
311:French Cochinchina
288:
200:
168:) is a historical
32:
2013:Media related to
1999:Li, Tana (1998).
1966:Gutzlaff, Charles
1700:on 25 August 2004
1595:Van (2010), p. 16
1558:Van, Ngo (2010).
1477:Van, Ngo (2010).
1404:978-2-7071-3412-7
1243:978-0-87727-722-4
1110:978-1-136-81964-3
1064:Vu Quoc Loc 2023a
1034:Li, Tana (1998).
986:for more details.
955:Jean-Louis Taberd
795:National Assembly
684:Lower Cochinchina
570:Tây Sơn Rebellion
347:Geneva Conference
293:Basse-Cochinchine
240:Jean-Louis Taberd
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1952:Names of Vietnam
1932:Southern Vietnam
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1466:. p. 145.
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1428:(3): 356–375.
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1800:, retrieved
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528:
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1398:, p. 178. (
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674:, attacked
474:Mạc dynasty
320:Cochinchina
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264:Gianh River
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148:Cochinchine
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2024:Categories
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1785:References
1704:9 November
1277:2 February
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919:After the
908:, and the
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753:Đàng Trong
720:See also:
711:Định Tường
621:Phnom Penh
513:Đàng Trong
493:Trịnh Tùng
482:Lê dynasty
411:landed in
353:Background
345:after the
258:Đàng Trong
250:Đàng Ngoài
223:Đàng Trong
128:កូសាំងស៊ីន
116:Vietnamese
27:Đàng Trong
1260:(2006) .
1211:cite book
1087:. p. 176.
994:Citations
894:Viet Minh
852:Leon Blum
736:Vĩnh Long
597:Minh Mạng
501:Trịnh Tạc
447:Cantonese
403:In 1516,
269:Son River
212:Son River
139:Kosăngsin
133:romanized
1920:See also
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1670:23746947
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1462:Thomas.
1447:Murray.
1380:4 August
1341:25 April
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827:Tan Viet
791:de facto
769:Saïgon).
765:Qui Nhơn
728:Châu Đốc
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703:Biên Hòa
688:captured
574:Phú Xuân
460:and the
454:Giao Chỉ
390:Đại Việt
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304:Nam tiến
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1802:27 June
982:. See
914:Bảo Đại
787:de jure
732:Hà Tiên
676:Đà Nẵng
668:Spanish
563:Siamese
486:Tunquin
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437:Vietnam
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409:Malacca
232:by the
174:Vietnam
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284:Taberd
244:Tonkin
230:Quinam
216:Tonkin
188:Taberd
170:exonym
162::
160:pinyin
154::
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1988:JSTOR
1698:(PDF)
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1666:JSTOR
1636:JSTOR
1305:pages
939:Notes
815:Annam
779:Annam
748:Dupré
497:Hanoi
450:Kawci
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