156:
of work and to allow local authorities to do the same to improve the infrastructure and create employment. It was ludicrous he argued to be paying the unemployed benefit to do nothing while improvement schemes such those at
Middlesbrough docks were held up because of poor government accounting. Ellis countered by declaring that what was wanted was 100% socialism. The government must intervene to provide employment – or work with a capital W, in his words. Sadler had previously put forward an argument that those receiving poor law relief (unemployment benefit) should lose their right to vote if they refused to take work. He was challenged on this during the campaign and said that at a time of high unemployment this should not apply as people were out of work through no fault of their own but in better economic times a man who would not work should not be entitled to vote. It was reported however that Sadler was a strong defender of the Unionist government record in office and was particularly assured on the questions of safeguarding in industry (protectionism) and the economy.
172:
155:
and stating that never before had Free Trade been so vital to industrial recovery at home and international amity abroad. The government's policy of protectionism was not applicable to the great national industries like iron and steel or shipping. He urged the government to put in hand great schemes
396:, although under the wartime truce between the political parties, he was not opposed. Stanley Sadler clearly did not find national level politics congenial as he never fought another Parliamentary election. A R Ellis tried to win Middlesbrough West again in 1929 and then unsuccessfully contested
347:
The poll showed that the popularity of the government was waning. Sadler and the
Unionists had been expecting a higher vote and Labour advanced to a strong second place, presaging their win at the 1929 general election. For the Liberals the retention of the seat was a relief. The result of this
400:
in 1931. This turned out to be a false dawn for the
Liberals however, as the result of the 1929 general election produced a strong advance in terms of the popular vote and percentage of poll share but only a modest improvement in the number of seats held overall.
1143:
51:), no recent contest had been three-cornered and Trevelyan Thompson had made the seat so much his own that he had not even been opposed in 1924. So, there was no reliable way of knowing how the votes would fall.
583:
606:
352:
in
Cornwall, which was a Liberal gain from the Unionists. This double triumph for the Liberal Party was a boost to party morale, renewed under the dynamic leadership of
92:. It was reported that Trevelyan Thomson's wife, Hilda, had been approached as a possible candidate in succession to her husband but that her health ruled her out.
1112:
576:
47:. Although Middlesbrough West had been Liberal since 1918 and the predecessor seat of Middlesbrough had been Liberal since 1886 (with the exception of the
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
602:
561:
989:
823:
613:
595:
569:
21:
733:
1148:
397:
778:
109:
1117:
1158:
143:
The adoption of these candidates meant this was the first three-cornered contest in the constituency since it was created in 1918.
1011:
722:
36:
1026:
377:
373:
369:
85:
81:
77:
73:
48:
44:
551:
546:
541:
393:
1122:
1031:
966:
755:
716:
556:
943:
767:
591:
89:
1000:
995:
906:
817:
688:
949:
744:
710:
670:
916:
385:
879:
983:
868:
806:
773:
381:
368:
Despite his slim majority this time however
Griffith went on to hold the seat at the general elections of
955:
922:
851:
783:
727:
659:
654:
1016:
961:
884:
873:
789:
676:
1005:
846:
835:
829:
761:
750:
738:
682:
112:
and the founder of Sadler & Company, a chemicals business. Stanley Sadler was a former Mayor of
1153:
938:
927:
895:
840:
648:
349:
911:
889:
664:
631:
217:
165:
104:
chose as their candidate, local councillor and businessman
Stanley Sadler. Sadler was the son of
101:
65:
933:
812:
693:
164:
The result was a narrow hold for the
Liberals over Labour, a margin of just 89 votes, with the
1021:
8:
267:
389:
324:
210:
133:
33:
151:
Griffith issued his election address on 24 February, declaring himself an out and out
20:
was a parliamentary by-election held for the
British House of Commons constituency of
244:
125:
40:
1144:
By-elections to the
Parliament of the United Kingdom in Middlesbrough constituencies
332:
171:
1137:
304:
113:
105:
353:
129:
200:
356:
and to the radical policy agenda of the coloured books and the manifesto
152:
69:
137:
380:, the last of these in a three-cornered fight against Labour and
528:
The Times House of
Commons 1929; Politico’s Publications 2003
484:; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p. 196
517:
A History of the Liberal Party in the Twentieth Century
32:
The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting
388:in 1940, the seat was retained for the Liberals by
72:from London and formerly unsuccessful candidate at
1135:
482:British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949
108:the first Conservative Member of Parliament for
577:
136:was a trade union official and councillor in
584:
570:
384:opponents. When Griffith was appointed a
348:by-election came on the same day as the
170:
1136:
519:; Palgrave Macmillan, 2004 pp. 110–111
607:34th Parliament of the United Kingdom
565:
303:
187:
1149:1928 elections in the United Kingdom
88:. Griffith was also Chairman of the
552:List of United Kingdom by-elections
547:1945 Middlesbrough West by-election
542:1940 Middlesbrough West by-election
181:1928 Middlesbrough West by-election
18:1928 Middlesbrough West by-election
13:
557:United Kingdom by-election records
14:
1170:
453:The Times, 17 February 1928 p. 14
90:National League of Young Liberals
504:By-elections in British Politics
462:The Times, 24 February 1928 p. 9
444:The Times, 14 February 1928 p. 9
435:The Times, 24 February 1928 p. 9
426:The Times, 14 February 1928 p. 9
417:The Times, 14 February 1928 p. 9
1159:20th century in North Yorkshire
990:Midlothian and Peebles Northern
522:
509:
496:
824:Combined Scottish Universities
487:
474:
465:
456:
447:
438:
429:
420:
411:
124:The candidate adopted for the
1:
734:Combined English Universities
493:The Times, 8 March 1928 p. 14
471:The Times, 8 March 1928 p. 14
404:
360:being produced at this time.
128:was also a local councillor.
54:
363:
95:
76:at the general elections of
43:who had held the seat since
7:
535:
358:We Can Conquer Unemployment
59:
10:
1175:
779:Kingston-upon-Hull Central
68:, a thirty-eight-year-old
27:
1040:
975:
860:
798:
702:
640:
623:
506:; UCL Press, 1997 p. 59ff
323:
287:
199:
196:
193:
190:
159:
146:
119:
1044:Lists of UK by-elections
502:C Cook & J Ramsden,
218:Frank Kingsley Griffith
66:Frank Kingsley Griffith
1012:Liverpool East Toxteth
350:by-election in St Ives
176:
64:The Liberals selected
394:resulting by-election
174:
49:1900 general election
723:Cambridge University
1027:Holland with Boston
249:Alonzo Ralph Ellis
184:
901:Middlesbrough West
390:Harcourt Johnstone
386:county court judge
179:
177:
134:Alonzo Ralph Ellis
22:Middlesbrough West
1131:
1130:
1032:North Lanarkshire
967:Ashton-under-Lyne
756:Hammersmith North
717:East Renfrewshire
345:
344:
175:Kingsley Griffith
168:in third place.
41:Trevelyan Thomson
24:on 7 March 1928.
1166:
1123:Hereditary peers
1118:Northern Ireland
944:Sheffield Hallam
768:North Cumberland
618:
609:
600:
586:
579:
572:
563:
562:
529:
526:
520:
513:
507:
500:
494:
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478:
472:
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454:
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427:
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398:Nottingham South
202:
185:
178:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1154:1928 in England
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1036:
1001:Bishop Auckland
996:Battersea South
971:
907:Linlithgowshire
856:
818:Southwark North
794:
698:
689:Bury St Edmunds
636:
619:
614:35th Parliament
610:
601:
596:33rd Parliament
592:
590:
538:
533:
532:
527:
523:
514:
510:
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497:
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488:
479:
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448:
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382:National Labour
366:
272:Stanley Sadler
162:
149:
122:
98:
62:
57:
30:
12:
11:
5:
1172:
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986:
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950:Aberdeen North
946:
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919:
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820:
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800:
796:
795:
793:
792:
786:
781:
776:
770:
764:
758:
753:
747:
745:East Ham North
741:
736:
730:
725:
719:
713:
711:Dunbartonshire
706:
704:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
685:
679:
673:
671:Forest of Dean
667:
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657:
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627:
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621:
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589:
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581:
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531:
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515:David Dutton,
508:
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9:
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4:
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2:
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968:
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947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
931:
929:
926:
924:
920:
918:
917:St Marylebone
915:
913:
910:
908:
904:
902:
899:
897:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
877:
875:
872:
870:
866:
865:
863:
859:
853:
850:
848:
844:
842:
839:
837:
833:
831:
827:
825:
821:
819:
816:
814:
810:
808:
804:
803:
801:
797:
791:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
771:
769:
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763:
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757:
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752:
748:
746:
742:
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735:
731:
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724:
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718:
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708:
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695:
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690:
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643:
639:
633:
629:
628:
626:
622:
616:
615:
608:
604:
598:
597:
587:
582:
580:
575:
573:
568:
567:
564:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
525:
518:
512:
505:
499:
490:
483:
480:F W S Craig,
477:
468:
459:
450:
441:
432:
423:
414:
410:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
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379:
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208:
206:
205:
186:
182:
173:
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167:
157:
154:
144:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
117:
115:
114:Middlesbrough
111:
110:Middlesbrough
107:
106:Samuel Sadler
103:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
35:
25:
23:
19:
1113:2010–present
900:
880:Bristol West
612:
603:By-elections
594:
524:
516:
511:
503:
498:
489:
481:
476:
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
367:
357:
354:Lloyd George
346:
337:
327:
315:
297:
281:
258:
234:
233:
228:
223:
216:
209:
180:
163:
150:
142:
130:Huddersfield
126:Labour Party
123:
99:
63:
31:
17:
15:
984:Londonderry
954:September:
869:Northampton
807:Stourbridge
774:Howdenshire
766:September:
675:September:
183:Electorate
153:Free Trader
1138:Categories
994:February:
956:Cheltenham
923:Carmarthen
878:February:
852:Canterbury
845:November:
805:February:
788:December:
784:Chelmsford
772:November:
728:Darlington
721:February:
687:December:
681:November:
660:Eastbourne
655:Ayr Burghs
647:February:
630:December:
405:References
191:Candidate
55:Candidates
1108:1979–2010
1103:1950–1979
1098:1931–1950
1093:1918–1931
1088:1900–1918
1083:1885–1900
1078:1868–1885
1073:1857–1868
1068:1847–1857
1063:1832–1847
1058:1818–1832
1053:1806–1818
1048:1801–1806
1017:Eddisbury
988:January:
982:January:
962:Tavistock
960:October:
885:Lancaster
874:Faversham
867:January:
790:Smethwick
715:January:
709:January:
677:Stockport
364:Aftermath
288:Majority
102:Unionists
96:Unionists
70:barrister
1006:Wansbeck
948:August:
847:Southend
836:Westbury
830:Bosworth
762:Wallsend
751:Buckrose
739:Bothwell
683:Galloway
536:See also
268:Unionist
138:Bradford
60:Liberals
1010:March:
939:Halifax
928:Holborn
905:April:
896:St Ives
894:March:
841:Brixton
822:April:
811:March:
743:April:
732:March:
649:Walsall
611:»
605:to the
593:«
392:in the
325:Liberal
309:29,558
305:Turnout
252:10,628
224:10,717
211:Liberal
74:Bromley
34:Liberal
28:Vacancy
932:July:
921:June:
912:Hanley
890:Ilford
834:June:
760:July:
669:July:
665:Oldham
653:June:
632:Dundee
617:»
599:«
275:8,213
245:Labour
194:Votes
188:Party
166:Tories
160:Result
147:Issues
120:Labour
934:Epsom
828:May:
813:Leith
749:May:
694:Ripon
333:Swing
312:83.2
278:27.8
255:36.0
229:36.2
132:born
1022:Bath
976:1929
861:1928
799:1927
703:1926
641:1925
624:1924
378:1935
376:and
374:1931
370:1929
328:hold
294:0.2
100:The
86:1924
84:and
82:1923
78:1922
45:1918
16:The
338:N/A
316:N/A
298:N/A
291:89
282:New
259:New
235:N/A
1140::
372:,
201:±%
197:%
140:.
116:.
80:,
39:,
37:MP
585:e
578:t
571:v
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