456:, with headquarters in Murree and with forces already deployed in Azad Kashmir, joined in the suppression, declaring martial law in Poonch. The fighting was not one sided. Some Sudhans had captured 150 soldiers of the Punjab Constabulary, and their weapons. Sudhan's antigovernment actions started in February 1955 with an assassination attempt in Poonch on the Azad Kashmir President, Sher Ahmed Khan, from which he had a 'miraculous escape'. Matters escalated when police sought to arrest an 'absconding accused' by entering a mosque at Pallandri. Thereafter, Sudhans clashed with the Pakistan Army, and the Punjab Constabulary, which dealt with the insurrection brutally. Similarly, the Punjab Prosecuting Agency was 'a terror' to Azad Kashmiris, particularly those incarcerated. It took one year until the uprising was suppressed in 1956. This operation
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would later write that, "In 1955 when police were brought in from the Punjab, what they did here is a black stain on our history... When in 1956 I became the president I got a chance to reduce their grievances. Hence a number of people who were in prison and suffering distress were released.... but
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When Sardar
Ibrahim protested, his government was dismissed. A revolt erupted in Rawalakot and Palandri in the Poonch district as a reaction to this action by the Pakistani State. A military contingent of 120 personnel led by Major Usman was sent in to crush the revolt and arrest its leaders. After
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exclaimed, "The
Ministry played havoc with the Azad Kashmir movement and had it finally liquidated to the satisfaction of all bureaucrats in Pakistan." On democracy in AJK, he also stated, "It is like hell. It is the worst example of democracy.... It has not served Kashmiris at all. It has always
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displeased with the dismissal of
Ibrahim Khan, opposed the replacement government. There also had been a showdown between the Sudhans and the Pakistan Army contingents posted in the area', which caused great concern to the Central Government.
538:, including the 'Azad Kashmir Public Safety Act 1953', 'The Pallandhri Disturbances Special Tribunal Act 1955 and 1956', 'The Control of Goondas Act 1956', as well as 'The Azad Kashmir Recovery of Abducted Persons Act 1953 and 1956'.
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A resistance movement seeking a more democratic state of Azad
Kashmir had been active since September 1950. In 1951 a parallel government was formed in Poonch in retaliation for Pakistan's dismissal of
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tribe and the senior most military officer from Poonch, was made a cabinet minister with responsibility for defence, education and health. Colonel Sher Ahmed Khan resigned because his community, the
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was also part of the cabinet. However, after the passing of the Azad
Kashmir Rules of Business in October 1952, all executive power was vested in the Joint Secretary of the
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an initial skirmish
Ibrahim's forces were defeated and his tribe disarmed under the guidance of Pakistan's then Minister of Kashmir Affairs,
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those whose homes were burnt out were not compensated. Although to reduce their sorrows in sympathy, I gave them bits of money."
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A major cause of the rebellion was the demand of the local people for autonomy in administrative and budgetary affairs.
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could not control it. Members of the Punjab
Constabulary of the Pakistani Army were brought in. The Pakistan Army's
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The uprising had led to a number of strict and draconian security laws being passed by the local government and
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amongst angry
Sudhans. After the 'bomb shell' of Ibrahim's dismissal, 'Colonel (Retired)
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II: Revolt and
Pacification 4.Early Years and the Sudhan Revolt
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388:(tribal chief) of the Sudhan tribe during 1955 Poonch rebellion
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432:; violent demonstrations had occurred particularly in the
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531:divided and made them fight amongst themselves."
338:150 policemen of the Punjab Constabulary captured
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644:. HarperCollins India. pp. 120, 121, 122.
138:. For the rebellion in the princely state, see
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448:The Poonch situation became so bad that the
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597:. HarperCollins India. 13 February 2021.
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670:Khan Yousafzai, Usman (18 March 2021).
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134:This article is about the uprising in
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191:Rebellion suppressed
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702:. Retrieved
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511:Aftermath
438:Pallandri
434:Rawalakot
398:Pallandri
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542:See also
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