635:
418:, located between the airport and the harbor, were also damaged by the shaking. Gasoline from the tank was brought to the sea surface by the tsunami and underground water released by the liquefaction, and ignited five hours after the earthquake. The fire spread to nearby tanks and induced explosions that fed the fire, allowing it to continue for 12 days. The fire spread to nearby residential areas, leaving 1407 people displaced. This fire is said to be the worst industrial complex fire in the country's history. At the time the cause of the fire was said to be caused by the liquefaction, but later research into large earthquakes revealed that
53:
435:
538:
29:
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60:
524:, 4 m at Shiotani and near Iwafune Harbor, and between 1 and 2 m at Naoetsu. It was also reported that due to the run-up that occurs on sandy beaches, the wave reached 6 m in some places. The first wave was the highest in many places, but the third was reportedly higher in others. The ensuing waves came at intervals of 20 and 50 minutes. Flooding caused by the tsunami persisted in some areas for up to a month.
606:, one of the commuter bridges spanning the Shinano River in the city, survived the earthquake intact, but not unscathed. The streets that cross under the bridge on each side and run parallel to the river are approximately 1 meter different in elevation. The bridge itself only sank about 10 cm during the earthquake, but coupled with the aforementioned land subsidence it has sunk a total of 1.2 meters.
599:
natural gas and groundwater in the
Niigata city area, large-scale land subsidence has lessened. However, in that period the ground was observed to settle an average of 20 cm per year. This land subsidence, the liquefaction in the inner city, and the tsunami all contributed to the massive inundation damage during the earthquake.
598:
Due to urbanization and modernization in
Niigata City and the surrounding area, water pumping quickly increased in 1950, in order to extract water-soluble natural gas in the groundwater. As a result, land subsidence became a serious problem. Since 1959, due to restrictions on the extractions of
425:
At the time of the fire, the new specially-designed fire truck for fighting chemical fires had not yet been deployed to
Niigata City. A request was sent to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency and troops were dispatched from the Tokyo division. There was a danger of the fire spreading to an
405:
Niigata City, which had just recovered from the Great
Niigata Fire of 1955, sustained considerable damage from fire and liquefaction that resulted from the earthquake. Aside from the buildings destroyed by liquefaction on the left bank of the
382:. Maps of areas of subsidence and sand volcanoes were found to match closely with old maps of the position of former river channels. Subsidence of up to 140 cm was measured over wide areas associated with the liquefaction. In one area of
442:
The collapse of the Showa bridge in
Niigata has been analysed in detail. From eyewitness reports it appears that failure began 70 seconds after the start of the earthquake, suggesting that ground motion was not responsible. Movement of
361:
There were 3,534 houses destroyed and a further 11,000 were damaged. This level of damage is explained by the influence of poor sub-soil conditions. Most of the lower part of the city of
Niigata is built on recent
414:, which was near the hypocenter, was flooded due to liquefaction and the tsunami; and a fire broke out inside the airport. Most devastatingly, the pipes of a gasoline tank owned by
1012:
386:
built on reclaimed land by the
Shinano River, most of the apartment blocks became inclined and one of them was completely overturned. This was despite relatively low levels of
512:
The first wave of the tsunami hit
Niigata City approximately 15 minutes after the earthquake. It caused flooding damage on Sado Island, Awa Island, and as far away as the
1309:
1013:
National
Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
52:
924:
713:
1206:
1095:
896:
Geotechnical
Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference GEDMAR08, Nanjing, China
799:
1067:
741:"Late Cenozoic tectonic development of the back arc region of central northern Honshu, Japan, revealed by recent deep seismic profiling"
892:"Progressive damage simulation of foundation pile of the Showa Bridge caused by lateral spreading during the 1964 Niigata earthquake"
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attached oxygen tank, but the troops from Tokyo managed to stop it from spreading to the tank, after a 20-hour battle.
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structures. The earthquake is thought to have occurred due to reverse movement on one of these reactivated faults.
98:
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374:, mainly consisting of unconsolidated sand. Shaking during the earthquake caused liquefaction with instantaneous
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925:"The rupture process and asperity distribution of three great earthquakes from long-period diffracted P-waves"
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New laws concerning earthquake insurance were enacted in June 1966 in response to this earthquake.
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841:"Causes of Showa Bridge collapse in the 1964 Niigata earthquake based on eyewitness testimony"
839:
Yoshida, N.; Tazoh T.; Wakamatsu K.; Yasuda S.; Towhata I.; Nakazawa H. & Kiku H. (2007).
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982:"Magnitudes of the 1833 Yamagata-Oki Earthquake in the Japan Sea and its Tsunami"
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714:"Historic Earthquakes – Niigata, Japan 1964 June 16 04:01 UTC Magnitude 7.5"
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Sato, H.; Yoshida T.; Takaya I.; Sato T.; Ikeda Y. & Umino N. (2004).
28:
898:. Beijing / Berlin: Science Press and Springer-Verlag. pp. 170–176.
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410:, there was also extensive damage on the right bank. The runway of the
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Collapse of the Showa bridge, Niigata caused by the earthquake
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associated with the spreading formed a series of N–S trending
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889:
798:. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Electrical Engineering College Press.
745:
Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology
266:
1059:
289:, about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city of
269:) on 16 June with a magnitude of either 7.5 or 7.6. The
1017:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
890:
Kazama, M.; Sento, S.; Uzuoka, R.; Ishimaru M. (2008).
986:
Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan)
1172:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
616:
1847:
796:General Report on the Niigata Earthquake of 1964
59:
1177:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
679:"M 7.6 – 24 km NW of Murakami, Japan – Impact"
1200:
1089:
476:depth of 34 km meant that the perceived
1045:東京大学地震研究所 地震研究所研究速報. 第8号, 1964-09, pp. 58–62
932:Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
918:
496:on a west-dipping fault trending N20°E. The
480:on the coast of Honshu were generally VIII (
309:The northwestern side of Honshu lies on the
1103:
566:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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341:. Currently the area is being deformed by
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586:Learn how and when to remove this message
488:, on consolidated ground. The calculated
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311:southeastern margin of the Sea of Japan
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894:. In Liu H.; Deng A.; Chu J. (eds.).
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520:. The wave reached heights of 3 m at
1006:
564:adding citations to reliable sources
531:
265:) struck at 13:01 local time (04:01
912:
732:
700:
13:
1060:International Seismological Centre
454:
397:placed in one of these buildings.
14:
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349:of these earlier basins, forming
805:from the original on 4 June 2010
711:
633:
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247:36 dead or missing (385 injured)
58:
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1881:Earthquakes of the Showa period
1036:
988:. Second Series (in Japanese).
687:United States Geological Survey
504:, and partially overlapped it.
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215:
1043:昭和39年6月16日新潟地震調査概報 (新潟地震による津波)
817:
671:
301:over large parts of the city.
1:
1808:Nankai megathrust earthquakes
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459:
16:June 1964 earthquake in Japan
952:10.1016/0031-9201(83)90099-7
654:List of earthquakes in Japan
37:caused by the earthquake on
7:
1835:Matsushiro earthquake swarm
1752:2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi
1015:"Tsunami Event Information"
649:List of earthquakes in 1964
612:
527:
277:off the northwest coast of
10:
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999:10.4294/zisin1948.43.2_227
507:
472:, but the relatively deep
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980:Hatori, Tokutaro (1990).
420:long period ground motion
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1871:June 1964 events in Asia
794:. In Kawasumi H. (ed.).
500:area was similar to the
486:Mercalli intensity scale
1830:South Kantō earthquakes
659:2004 Chūetsu earthquake
343:contractional tectonics
255:1964 Niigata earthquake
22:1964 Niigata earthquake
502:1833 Shōnai earthquake
470:moment magnitude scale
439:
378:and formation of many
113:16 June 1964
1591:1994 offshore Sanriku
1546:1973 Nemuro Peninsula
866:10.3208/sandf.47.1075
845:Soils and Foundations
787:Kawasumi, H. (1968).
641:Earth sciences portal
464:The earthquake had a
437:
401:Fire and liquefaction
331:extensional tectonics
1818:Tōnankai earthquakes
1216:Earthquakes in Japan
560:improve this section
422:also played a role.
1108:Earthquakes in 1964
944:1983PEPI...31..202R
857:2007SoFou..47.1075Y
758:10.3720/japt.69.145
683:earthquake.usgs.gov
447:beneath the bridge
388:ground acceleration
384:apartment buildings
174: /
79:1964-06-16 04:01:43
39:apartment buildings
23:
1823:Nankai earthquakes
1662:2007 Kuril Islands
1652:2006 Kuril Islands
1551:1974 Izu Peninsula
1521:1963 Kuril Islands
1320:1771 Great Yaeyama
1068:authoritative data
826:津波ディジタルライブラリィ作成委員会
720:on 28 January 2010
518:Shimane Prefecture
440:
416:Showa Shell Sekiyu
366:deposits from the
335:extensional faults
319:back-arc spreading
287:Niigata Prefecture
209:Niigata Prefecture
21:
1876:Tsunamis in Japan
1843:
1842:
1813:Tōkai earthquakes
1672:2008 Iwate–Miyagi
1571:1983 Sea of Japan
1446:1925 North Tajima
1426:1911 Kikai Island
1182:
1181:
905:978-3-540-79846-0
789:"1. Introduction"
596:
595:
588:
484:) or less on the
275:continental shelf
251:
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35:soil liquefaction
1888:
1856:1964 earthquakes
1801:Related articles
1601:2000 Izu Islands
1451:1927 North Tango
1441:1923 Great Kantō
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1133:(9.2, March 27)
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1023:10.7289/V5PN93H7
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954:. Archived from
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851:(6): 1075–1087.
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178:38.37°N 139.22°E
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1556:1978 Izu Ōshima
1536:1968 Hyūga-nada
1516:1961 North Mino
1481:1941 Hyūga-nada
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1385:1891 Mino–Owari
1290:1662 Hyūga-nada
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1142:(7.6, June 16)
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1070:for this event.
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1737:2016 Tottori
1717:2012 Sanriku
1657:2007 Chūetsu
1642:2005 Fukuoka
1637:2004 Chūetsu
1632:2003 Tokachi
1615:21st century
1606:2000 Tottori
1596:1995 Hanshin
1581:1993 Kushiro
1566:1982 Urakawa
1541:1968 Tokachi
1526:1964 Niigata
1525:
1511:1952 Tokachi
1486:1943 Tottori
1461:1933 Sanriku
1431:1914 Senboku
1421:1909 Anegawa
1414:20th century
1400:1896 Sanriku
1345:1847 Zenkoji
1300:1703 Genroku
1280:1611 Sanriku
1265:1596 Fushimi
1230:679 Tsukushi
1174:
1169:
1160:(6.8, Oct 6)
1152:
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1139:
1134:
1125:
1064:bibliography
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1008:
989:
985:
975:
963:. Retrieved
956:the original
935:
931:
921:Kanamori, H.
914:
895:
870:. Retrieved
848:
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807:. Retrieved
795:
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734:
722:. Retrieved
718:the original
690:. Retrieved
682:
673:
627:Japan portal
608:
601:
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582:
573:
558:Please help
546:
511:
481:
463:
441:
430:Showa bridge
424:
404:
390:recorded by
372:Agano rivers
360:
308:
299:liquefaction
254:
252:
225:
18:
1767:2021 Miyagi
1722:2014 Nagano
1702:2011 Miyagi
1692:2011 Nagano
1687:2011 Tōhoku
1647:2005 Miyagi
1627:2003 Miyagi
1576:1984 Nagano
1561:1978 Miyagi
1501:1946 Nankai
1496:1945 Mikawa
1466:1936 Miyagi
1395:1894 Shōnai
1375:1872 Hamada
1370:1858 Hietsu
1355:1854 Nankai
1340:1833 Shōnai
1315:1751 Takada
1285:1662 Kanbun
1270:1605 Keichō
1260:1586 Tenshō
1250:1361 Shōhei
692:18 November
514:Oki Islands
478:intensities
317:created by
273:was on the
181: /
87: event
33:Effects of
1850:Categories
1772:2021 Chiba
1747:2018 Osaka
1712:2012 Chiba
1677:2008 Iwate
1622:2001 Geiyo
1531:1968 Ebino
1506:1948 Fukui
1405:1896 Rikuu
1390:1894 Tokyo
1360:1854 Tōkai
1335:1828 Sanjō
1325:1792 Unzen
1310:1741 Kampo
1235:684 Hakuho
1223:Historical
919:Ruff, L.;
665:References
492:indicates
460:Earthquake
376:compaction
351:anticlinal
345:, causing
295:earthquake
244:Casualties
224:MMI VIII (
117:1964-06-16
76: time
41:in Niigata
1787:2024 Noto
1782:2023 Noto
1667:2007 Noto
1305:1707 Hōei
1295:1677 Bōsō
1275:1611 Aizu
1255:1498 Meiō
1240:869 Jōgan
767:0370-9868
576:June 2021
547:does not
466:magnitude
347:inversion
321:from the
271:epicenter
218:intensity
157:Epicenter
133:Magnitude
1471:1939 Oga
1365:1855 Edo
1149:Guerrero
1028:22 March
923:(1983).
800:Archived
613:See also
528:Vestiges
259:Japanese
198:Dip-slip
169:139°13′E
128:13:01:43
1140:Niigata
1066:and/or
965:10 June
940:Bibcode
872:10 June
853:Bibcode
809:10 June
724:10 June
568:removed
553:sources
508:Tsunami
498:rupture
368:Shinano
364:deltaic
305:Geology
297:caused
291:Niigata
236:Tsunami
207:Japan,
166:38°22′N
115: (
1158:Manyas
1131:Alaska
1062:has a
902:
765:
712:USGS.
482:Severe
357:Damage
339:basins
329:. The
293:. The
279:Honshu
226:Severe
104:ComCat
91:866844
1122:Baihe
959:(PDF)
928:(PDF)
803:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
474:focal
449:piers
445:piles
285:, in
283:Japan
149:Depth
97:USGS-
1058:The
1030:2024
967:2010
900:ISBN
874:2010
811:2010
763:ISSN
726:2010
694:2021
602:The
551:any
549:cite
370:and
263:新潟地震
253:The
216:Max.
194:Type
136:7.6
99:ANSS
1019:doi
994:doi
948:doi
861:doi
753:doi
562:by
516:in
325:to
267:UTC
239:yes
85:ISC
74:UTC
1852::
1135:†‡
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1170:†
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1111:→
1105:←
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257:(
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141:w
139:M
119:)
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