686:
early
December for a new sewage network, alongside 39 million for a street improvement program and 3.25 million for an experiment farm in Qatif. The governor of Al-Hasa also announced an extra 1 billion in spending on various local projects. These projects were only part of a comprehensive plan launched by the Saudi government in order to develop the Qatif region, with other projects including new hospitals, schools, and a Real Estate Development Fund designed to help locals build new homes for themselves also being announced.
1278:
329:
313:
297:
279:
199:
634:
2246:
1755:
1268:
625:
then seized by Saudi security forces, who told the family they would only release the body to investigate the cause of death. After a week the body was released by the government, despite the lack of evidence, on the condition that there would be a short funeral and the burial would be hurried. The family complied with the government conditions.
678:
34:
522:, Shiites in the region experienced state oppression. Unlike most of Saudi Arabia, Qatif and much of the Eastern Province has a Shiite majority. Despite that, the region is of key importance to the Saudi government due to it possessing the bulk of Saudi oil reserves as well as the main Saudi refinery and export terminal of
616:
The Saudi
National Guardsmen initially controlled the crowd through the use of clubs and electric prods, which angered the crowd and was met by protesters throwing stones and wielding bars and wooden canes as weapons, with some of the Shiites holding sharp weaponry. The National Guardsmen then opened
689:
The initial government response was largely successful, and Shia groups in the Qatif region largely abandoned the protest movement as well as the idea of challenging the Saudi state. However, the project's aim was to signal a real structural change in the Saudi government's attitudes towards
Shiites
529:
Although it possesses the bulk of the oil which funds the Saudi state, the region had traditionally been neglected by central government and left to be a regular community with developmental priority being given to Sunni majority areas, with the region particularly lagging in respect to healthcare.
624:
by fellow protesters but was refused treatment by the administration of the facility as they didn't have prior government permission to treat him. He was then taken to the hospital in Qatif, which was more than a half-hour away, but Qalaf had died by the time they reached the hospital. The body was
553:
and his attacks on the Saudi royal family on the grounds that Islam and hereditary kingship are not compatible. As a result, 1979 saw a marked increase in the mobilization of the Shiite community in Saudi Arabia, with demonstrations often being centered on Shiite festivals. The celebration of these
685:
In response to the protest movement, the Saudi government acknowledged the poor conditions in Qatif and increased local spending in order to both address these issues and in turn placate the protest movement, with the local administration of Qatif being granted an extra 700 million Saudi Riyals in
574:
emerged as a force on the eve of the attempted Qatif
Uprising in 1979. In the ensuing violence many OIR members and supporters were arrested. The OIR itself claimed that 60 of its members died, 800 were wounded, and that 1,200 were arrested. Following the failed uprising Saffar, along with much of
645:
Following the initial protests and clashes there were numerous other skirmishes between protesters and state security forces, mostly in the Qatif area. These further skirmishes resulted in further deaths, including ten protesters who were fired on by security forces when they attempted to Damage
561:
Although the Shiite minority was looked down upon by the Saudi
Community, this traditionally was rarely in the form of direct violence against the community. In the lead-up to the uprising, due in part to unease about growing discontent within the community, the Saudi security services began to
575:
the leadership of the OIR, went into exile in Iran, along with
Western Europe and North America. Within Iran, most of the exiles tended to congregate in Tehran, where the Saudis constituted the bulk of the students at the Hawza of the Imam of the Age.
588:
In August, Shiite community leaders in Qatif announced that they would publicly mourn the Day of Ashura, despite the fact that Shiite mourning events were banned. Despite government threats to disperse protests, on 25 November 4,000 Shiite in
491:, in late November 1979. The unrest resulted in 20–24 people killed in what was described as a sectarian outburst of violence between the Shi'a minority and Sunni majority in Saudi Arabia and the beginning of the modern phase of the
1069:"StudijnĂ materiály pĹ™edmÄ›tu FSS:MVZ2012 /MVZ212/ Popis: FSS:MVZ2012 Nová šachovnice? Revoluce a pĹ™evraty na BlĂzkĂ©m vĂ˝chodÄ› v roce 2011 (New Chessboard: Revolutions and Coup d'Ă©tats of 2011 in the Near East), jaro 2013"
1234:
621:
562:
engage in more direct oppression, such as through mass detentions of individuals without trial for many months, serving to increase tension between the Shiite community and the Saudi security apparatus.
650:
and harm the
Officers. There were also reports of random killings resulting from Shiite gangs beating Sunni citizens and Security Forces opening fire onto said gangs on the Surrounding Neighborhoods.
927:
1264:
537:
for manoeuvres, the
Shiites organized a massive demonstration. The demonstrators spent the evening of 11 November 1979 shouting slogans against the royal family and the Americans.
571:
151:
1790:
613:. The violent confrontation with Saudi security forces was led by the protesters and by Hussein Mansur al-Qalaf, a recent graduate from Aramco's Industrial Training Center.
1160:
1256:
743:
178:
2319:
2045:
1549:
405:
2334:
1783:
601:
Encouraged by the march in Safwa, protests spread to other parts of the Qatif area, and on the evening of 28 November thousands took to the streets of
1921:
1432:
934:
721:– a Saudi human rights non-governmental organization based in Eastern Province that campaigns for equal rights for Saudi Arabia's Shiite population
2087:
1943:
1591:
1449:
549:, Shiites in the region felt encouraged to try to secure equal treatment as that given to Sunnis. Shiites in Saudi Arabia were very receptive to
1068:
2329:
2249:
1911:
1776:
1422:
1249:
821:
2207:
2192:
1716:
1701:
657:. The bloody showdown between the armed forces and the Shiites had resulted in thousands of arrests, hundreds of injuries, and 24 deaths.
1982:
1916:
1486:
1427:
1303:
1293:
2314:
2304:
2197:
1867:
1726:
1706:
1378:
167:
2082:
1586:
73:
2324:
1758:
1242:
398:
2149:
2004:
1653:
1508:
609:. Protesters shouted anti-regime slogans demanding the abdication of the King, and the protesters advanced on a nearby group of
2180:
1689:
1669:
1043:
2289:
2284:
2067:
1926:
1571:
1437:
1106:
2057:
2030:
1799:
1561:
1534:
1329:
432:
747:
2202:
1977:
1711:
1481:
713:
391:
2165:
2102:
1674:
1606:
718:
708:
699:
980:
794:
1987:
1889:
1491:
1400:
1223:
967:
704:
214:
2050:
2035:
1999:
1554:
1539:
1503:
459:
449:
437:
896:
2185:
1807:
1694:
1298:
1272:
162:
2175:
2170:
2092:
1684:
1679:
1596:
339:
261:
78:
2279:
2217:
2309:
1825:
1347:
610:
617:
fire with rubber bullets on the crowd, wounding, amongst others, the 19-year-old
Hussein Mansur al-Qalaf.
2294:
1938:
317:
2274:
2232:
2129:
2077:
2072:
1965:
1741:
1633:
1581:
1576:
1469:
509:
454:
2134:
2107:
2040:
1820:
1638:
1611:
1544:
1342:
442:
2299:
2227:
2212:
2144:
2120:
1992:
1960:
1879:
1736:
1721:
1648:
1624:
1496:
1464:
1390:
515:
1076:
825:
653:
The protests largely dissipated after 3 December, when large Shia marches were held in Damman and
2269:
2139:
1872:
1643:
1383:
534:
203:
1901:
1884:
1860:
1412:
1395:
1371:
283:
101:
2025:
1894:
1529:
1405:
1161:"Rebellion on the Saudi Periphery: Modernity, Marginalization, and the Shia Uprising of 1979"
857:
Nehme, Michel G. (October 1994). "Saudi Arabia 1950–80: Between
Nationalism and Religion".
661:
301:
288:
209:
8:
2020:
1524:
333:
2339:
2222:
2062:
1931:
1815:
1731:
1566:
1442:
1337:
1180:
1025:
874:
546:
87:
1972:
1955:
1855:
1476:
1459:
1366:
1219:
1184:
1102:
1029:
963:
550:
2097:
1906:
1768:
1601:
1417:
1172:
1017:
960:
Religious minorities in the Middle East domination, self-empowerment, accommodation
866:
677:
633:
248:
238:
33:
892:
1006:"Hizbullah al-Hijaz: A History of The Most Radical Saudi Shi'a Opposition Group"
1830:
1352:
492:
415:
25:
1176:
870:
2263:
1950:
1454:
660:
The Saudi authorities were also busy at the time dealing with the concurrent
647:
555:
484:
106:
60:
1277:
488:
328:
312:
296:
278:
198:
123:
Extra government spending announced in Qatif region to address inequalities
1319:
981:"Islamic Revolution Organization in the Arabian Peninsula | Arabia Today"
769:
540:
933:. FRIDE (Spanish Think-tank organization). pp. 1–23. Archived from
878:
638:
590:
523:
1021:
514:
Following the conquest and annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif into the
1005:
519:
126:
Religious intolerance and state discrimination continue until 2015
928:"'Strong Foundations'? The Imperative for Reform in Saudi Arabia"
531:
383:
707:– a Saudi opposition group based in Eastern Province during the
152:
Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula
654:
606:
602:
681:
Two demonstrators killed in clashes with state security forces
744:"Opposition Movements in the Saudi Kingdom and their History"
480:
56:
1099:
Desert Kingdom: How Oil and Water Forged Modern Saudi Arabia
479:
was a period of unprecedented civil unrest that occurred in
1267:
1101:. President and Fellows of Harvard College. p. 201.
958:
Roald, edited by Anh Nga Longva, Anne Sofie (2012). "9".
593:
took to the streets to publicly mourn the Day of Ashura.
925:
541:
Increased community tensions in leadup to the uprising
2046:
2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
1798:
1550:
2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
921:
919:
917:
503:
1218:. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe Inc. p. 251.
914:
2261:
767:
38:Demonstrators in Safwa City during November 1979
2088:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
1592:United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
891:
628:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1120:
1118:
2320:Violence against Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia
1784:
1250:
1214:Wilson, Peter W.; Graham, Douglas F. (1994).
819:
738:
736:
734:
399:
2208:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
1717:Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
1213:
1165:International Journal of Middle East Studies
83:Lack of free speech and freedom of the press
1171:(2). Cambridge University Press: 213–233 .
1152:
1143:
1127:
1115:
565:
2198:Opposition to military action against Iran
1791:
1777:
1707:Opposition to military action against Iran
1257:
1243:
1003:
731:
622:Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization
406:
392:
334:Prince Abdulmuhsin bin Abdallah bin Jiluwi
168:National Union of Students of Saudi Arabia
32:
2335:History of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
2250:Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2083:International Maritime Security Construct
1587:International Maritime Security Construct
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
172:Democratic Women's League of Saudi Arabia
676:
632:
1727:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
926:Ana EchagĂĽe; Edward Burke (June 2009).
2262:
1868:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
1379:Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
839:
770:"Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights"
672:
1772:
1238:
1158:
1096:
1044:"Saudi Arabia Clamps Down On Dissent"
856:
387:
120:Crackdown on Shiite opposition groups
2058:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
1759:Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations
1562:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
822:"The Gulf: Shi'Ites: Poorer Cousins"
662:seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca
526:, which is situated close to Qatif.
2203:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1712:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1304:Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran
1294:Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia
795:"The History of Hizbullah Al-hijaz"
714:List of wars involving Saudi Arabia
266:Influential Shiite religious leader
13:
2181:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
2166:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
2103:Abha International Airport attacks
1690:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
1675:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
1670:Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry
1607:Abha International Airport attacks
768:Anees al-Qudaihi (24 March 2009).
719:Society for Development and Change
413:
14:
2351:
2305:Saudi Arabian democracy movements
2068:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
1890:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
1572:2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
1401:Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
1004:Matthiesen, Toby (January 2010).
705:Coalition for Freedom and Justice
554:festivals, including that of the
504:Status of Shiites in Saudi Arabia
2330:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2245:
2244:
2193:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
2051:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
2036:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
2031:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
1800:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
1754:
1753:
1702:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
1555:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
1540:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
1535:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
1276:
1266:
460:2022 Saudi Arabia mass execution
450:2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
438:2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
433:2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
327:
311:
295:
277:
197:
144:Saudi Arabian opposition groups
1983:Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
1487:Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
1299:Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran
1207:
1198:
1090:
1061:
1036:
997:
547:1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran
163:Communist Party in Saudi Arabia
2093:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1597:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
1216:Saudi Arabia: The Coming Storm
973:
952:
885:
813:
787:
761:
709:2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests
700:2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests
620:Qalaf was rushed to the local
596:
583:
262:Mohammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi
1:
2315:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence
2186:Warsaw Middle East conference
1988:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
1695:Warsaw Middle East conference
1492:Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
725:
530:When American jets landed in
498:
247:Hussein Mansur al-Qalaf
47:26 November – 3 December 1979
2290:December 1979 events in Asia
2285:November 1979 events in Asia
1944:Iranian intervention in Iraq
1826:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
1450:Iranian intervention in Iraq
1348:Arab separatism in Khuzestan
820:JAY PETERZELL (1990-09-24).
667:
629:Late November-early December
306:Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
74:Discrimination against Shias
7:
2325:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations
1273:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations
693:
10:
2356:
2233:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia
2218:People's Mujahedin of Iran
2176:Arab League–Iran relations
2171:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
2078:2018 Riyadh missile strike
1966:Operation Blow to the Head
1742:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia
1685:Arab League–Iran relations
1680:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
1582:2018 Riyadh missile strike
1470:Operation Blow to the Head
1159:Jones, Toby Craig (2006).
1097:Jones, Toby Craig (2010).
510:Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia
507:
175:Assembly of Saudi Citizens
2241:
2158:
2116:
2041:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
2013:
1848:
1821:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1806:
1750:
1662:
1620:
1545:Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
1517:
1343:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
1328:
1312:
1286:
1177:10.1017/S0020743806412320
871:10.1080/00263209408701030
578:
423:
374:
366:
356:
351:
257:Student Opposition Leader
232:
227:
183:Union of Democratic Youth
137:
132:
114:
95:
67:
51:
43:
31:
23:
18:
2213:Gulf Cooperation Council
1993:Houthi takeover in Yemen
1961:Operation Scorched Earth
1880:2011 Egyptian revolution
1722:Gulf Cooperation Council
1497:Houthi takeover in Yemen
1465:Operation Scorched Earth
1391:2011 Egyptian revolution
566:Establishment of the OIR
362:182–219 killed (by 1983)
204:Saudi Arabian government
2000:Second Libyan civil war
1939:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
1873:Qatar diplomatic crisis
1504:Second Libyan civil war
1384:Qatar diplomatic crisis
535:King Abdulaziz Air Base
86:Saudi hostility to the
2073:2017–2020 Qatif unrest
1902:First Libyan civil war
1885:2011 Bahraini uprising
1861:Action of June 5, 1984
1577:2017–2020 Qatif unrest
1413:First Libyan civil war
1396:2011 Bahraini uprising
1372:Action of June 5, 1984
859:Middle Eastern Studies
824:. TIME. Archived from
682:
642:
455:2017–2020 Qatif unrest
186:The Workers' Committee
2108:Abqaiq–Khurais attack
2026:Khobar Towers bombing
1912:Hezbollah involvement
1895:insurgency in Bahrain
1612:Abqaiq–Khurais attack
1530:Khobar Towers bombing
1423:Hezbollah involvement
1406:insurgency in Bahrain
680:
636:
2280:1979 in Saudi Arabia
2228:Shia–Sunni relations
2150:United Arab Emirates
2005:Western Iran clashes
1927:Spillover in Lebanon
1737:Shia–Sunni relations
1654:United Arab Emirates
1509:Western Iran clashes
1438:Spillover in Lebanon
895:(11 December 2012).
475:, also known as the
289:King of Saudi Arabia
2310:Religion-based wars
2021:1987 Mecca incident
1917:Iranian involvement
1836:1979 Qatif Uprising
1525:1987 Mecca incident
1428:Iranian involvement
1358:1979 Qatif Uprising
1204:Jones 2006, p. 216.
1149:Jones 2010, p. 204.
1140:Jones 2010, p. 203.
1124:Jones 2010, p. 202.
1010:Middle East Journal
940:on October 29, 2013
897:"Shia Days of Rage"
673:Government response
641:on 29 November 1979
473:1979 Qatif Uprising
428:1979 Qatif Uprising
19:1979 Qatif Uprising
2295:Rebellions in Asia
2223:Iran International
2063:2015 Mina stampede
1932:Axis of Resistance
1816:Iranian Revolution
1732:Iran International
1567:2015 Mina stampede
1443:Axis of Resistance
1338:Iranian Revolution
828:on January 6, 2008
683:
643:
611:National guardsmen
88:Iranian Revolution
2275:Conflicts in 1979
2257:
2256:
2117:Iranian relations
1973:Yemeni revolution
1956:Houthi insurgency
1922:Saudi involvement
1766:
1765:
1621:Iranian relations
1477:Yemeni revolution
1460:Houthi insurgency
1433:Saudi involvement
1108:978-0-674-04985-7
962:. Leiden: Brill.
637:Demonstrators in
551:Ruhollah Khomeini
516:Emirate of Riyadh
477:Muharram Intifada
468:
467:
382:
381:
342:
323:
322:Interior Minister
307:
291:
267:
258:
244:
243:Leader of the OIR
223:
222:
2347:
2248:
2247:
2098:2019 Afif attack
1978:Yemeni civil war
1907:Syrian civil war
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1756:
1602:2019 Afif attack
1482:Yemeni civil war
1418:Syrian civil war
1287:Diplomatic posts
1281:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1125:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1075:. Archived from
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
977:
971:
956:
950:
949:
947:
945:
939:
932:
923:
912:
911:
909:
907:
889:
883:
882:
854:
837:
836:
834:
833:
817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
765:
759:
758:
756:
755:
746:. Archived from
740:
690:in the Kingdom.
418:
408:
401:
394:
385:
384:
340:Eastern Province
337:
332:
331:
321:
316:
315:
305:
300:
299:
287:
282:
281:
265:
256:
253:
242:
239:Hassan al-Saffar
202:
201:
139:
138:
36:
16:
15:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2300:Arab rebellions
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2237:
2154:
2118:
2112:
2009:
1844:
1802:
1797:
1767:
1762:
1746:
1658:
1622:
1616:
1513:
1324:
1308:
1282:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1233:
1226:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1022:10.3751/64.2.11
1002:
998:
989:
987:
979:
978:
974:
957:
953:
943:
941:
937:
930:
924:
915:
905:
903:
901:Foreign Affairs
893:Frederic Wehrey
890:
886:
855:
840:
831:
829:
818:
814:
804:
802:
793:
792:
788:
778:
776:
766:
762:
753:
751:
742:
741:
732:
728:
696:
675:
670:
631:
599:
586:
581:
568:
543:
512:
506:
501:
469:
464:
419:
414:
412:
361:
347:
346:
345:
336:
326:
320:
310:
304:
294:
286:
276:
271:
270:
264:
255:
249:
241:
219:
196:
191:
148:Shia Islamists
63:
39:
12:
11:
5:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Qatif conflict
2255:
2254:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2159:Related topics
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
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1079:on 2017-10-12
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556:Day of Ashura
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1188:. Retrieved
1168:
1164:
1154:
1145:
1098:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:the original
1072:
1063:
1052:. Retrieved
1050:. 2013-05-04
1047:
1038:
1013:
1009:
999:
988:. Retrieved
984:
975:
959:
954:
942:. Retrieved
935:the original
904:. Retrieved
900:
887:
862:
858:
830:. Retrieved
826:the original
815:
803:. Retrieved
801:. 9 May 2011
799:Arabia Today
798:
789:
777:. Retrieved
773:
763:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
688:
684:
659:
652:
644:
619:
615:
600:
587:
569:
560:
544:
528:
513:
489:Saudi Arabia
476:
472:
470:
443:Nimr al-Nimr
427:
338:Governor of
318:Prince Nayef
250:
228:Lead figures
195:
143:
24:Part of the
1320:Safari Club
1190:31 December
605:, close to
597:November 28
584:November 25
518:in 1913 by
302:Prince Fahd
284:King Khalid
115:Resulted in
2264:Categories
1808:Background
1083:2017-01-23
1073:is.muni.cz
1054:2017-01-23
1048:Al-Monitor
990:2017-01-23
832:2011-02-01
754:2013-01-04
726:References
639:Safwa City
524:Ras Tanura
499:Background
352:Casualties
79:Corruption
2340:Intifadas
2014:Incidents
1849:Conflicts
1518:Incidents
1330:Conflicts
1313:Diplomacy
1185:143066112
1030:143684557
944:April 15,
906:4 January
805:4 January
779:4 January
668:Aftermath
545:With the
378:Thousands
159:Leftists
68:Caused by
774:BBC News
694:See also
520:Ibn Saud
375:Arrested
370:Hundreds
367:Injuries
357:Death(s)
215:Mabahith
52:Location
2130:Bahrain
1663:Related
1634:Bahrain
879:4283682
532:Dhahran
485:Al-Hasa
251:†
133:Parties
96:Methods
61:Al-Hasa
2135:Kuwait
1639:Kuwait
1222:
1183:
1105:
1028:
966:
877:
655:Khobar
607:Dammam
603:Saihat
579:Events
2145:Qatar
2119:with
1649:Qatar
1623:with
1181:S2CID
1026:S2CID
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
875:JSTOR
591:Safwa
481:Qatif
360:20–24
154:(OIR)
57:Qatif
2140:Oman
1644:Oman
1220:ISBN
1192:2012
1103:ISBN
964:ISBN
946:2012
908:2013
807:2013
781:2013
570:The
483:and
471:The
179:CDHR
59:and
44:Date
2121:GCC
1625:GCC
1173:doi
1018:doi
867:doi
572:OIR
2266::
1179:.
1169:38
1167:.
1163:.
1129:^
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1071:.
1046:.
1024:.
1014:64
1012:.
1008:.
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899:.
873:.
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841:^
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