2017 United Kingdom general election

1055: 2978: 9000: 15621: 8625: 1496: 445: 9012: 1822: 5534:, made up a fifth to almost a half of all sources in broadcast news. While in the first two weeks of the election period policy made up less than half of all broadcast coverage, over the whole campaign policy received more coverage in all media than during the previous election, particularly after manifestos were published in the third week, when close to eight in ten broadcast news items were primarily about policy issues. Policy around Brexit and the EU receiving most coverage overall (10.9%), and national events that happened during the campaign period (namely, the terrorist attacks on 197: 11883: 182: 460: 9042: 475: 167: 9480: 707: 5217:, in which smaller parties received more media coverage than usual, coverage during the 2017 election focused on the two main political parties, Labour and the Conservatives (84% of the politicians featured in newspapers, and 67% on TV, were Conservative or Labour), with Conservatives sources receiving the most coverage and quotation, particularly in the print media (the margin of difference between Conservative and Labour sources was 2.1 points on TV and 9.6 points in newspapers). The five most prominent politicians were 15905:

because of entries there by mistake or because of voter fraud. By overestimating the number of registered voters, official sources underestimated the proportion of the electorate that voted. Turnout in the 2017 election is likely to have been roughly 78 per cent. A spokesman for the Election Commission said officials would "consider this report's findings on the calculation of election turnout figures". The commission "continues to work to improve the accuracy and completeness" of the electoral register, he added.

6931: 30032: 8948:(BES), which surveyed 30,000 voters, found that despite a relatively low profile in the campaign, Brexit was considered to be the single most important issue facing the country by over a third of respondents. It found more than half of UKIP voters in 2015 went to the Conservatives, while 18% went to Labour. Remain voters tended to favour Labour, with the party particularly gaining among Remain voters who previously supported other parties, despite perceived uncertainty over its position on the 38: 32465: 9028: 694: 8988:

alongside traditional political divides. Labour has had increased appeal to voters who work in areas central to the modern British economy, and at the same time in larger metropolitan centres and economically dynamic university towns. On the other hand, the Conservative voter base has been seen to increase in less populated, less ethnically diverse areas, where voters are more engaged in industries such as manufacturing.

2839:, to employ an additional 10,000 NHS mental health workers by 2020 and to tackle discrimination against those with mental health problems. May indicated that the Conservatives would maintain their net immigration target, and promised to implement a cap on "rip-off energy prices", a policy that appeared in Labour's 2015 manifesto. May indicated she would permit a free vote among Conservative MPs on repealing the 8568: 8510: 8490: 8470: 8450: 676: 665: 654: 613: 605: 597: 406: 395: 384: 339: 331: 323: 128: 8586: 8549: 8530: 5251:. It was shown that Labour, who took the strategy of going for 'positive posting', like focusing on social improvement, welfare and public services was favoured over the Conservatives who had focused on negative topics like campaigning on security and terrorism. The findings showed that over the course of the election campaign, Labour had outperformed the Conservatives and 2690:, also featured in the campaign. The Conservatives and Liberal Democrats favoured Trident renewal. Labour's manifesto committed to Trident renewal; Corbyn confirmed renewal would take place under Labour, but declined to explicitly speak in favour. He also declined to answer whether as prime minister he would use nuclear weapons if the UK was under imminent nuclear threat. 24109: 15854:, with reports that May would sack him after the election); and a poorly designed manifesto that offered little hope and the contents of which were not shared with Cabinet members until shortly before its release. In July, Prime Minister Theresa May admitted she had "shed a tear" upon seeing the election 3372:; both May and Corbyn stated they would not attend the 31 May debate. May said that she had already debated Corbyn many times in parliament, and that she would be meeting the public instead. Corbyn announced on the day that he would attend the debate in Cambridge, calling on May to do the same. Instead 8955:

The BES study indicated the importance of the campaign period. A pre-election survey found 41% for the Conservatives and 27% for Labour, but by the election 19% of voters had switched party. Unlike the previous election where both main parties achieved similar shares of late-switchers, Labour won 54%

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electoral system means that national shares of the vote do not give an exact indicator of how the various parties will be represented in Parliament. Different commentators and pollsters currently provide a number of predictions, based on polls and other data, as to how the parties will be represented

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election-related editorials called for a vote for Labour, and even fewer endorsed Corbyn – many articles in left-wing papers criticised him, or he was ignored. While the collective voice of the right-wing papers were (four times) stronger in their support for the Conservatives than the left-wing were

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out "anti-austerity" plans to invest £118bn in UK public services over the next five years, pledged to increase the minimum wage to £10 an hour and called for Scotland to have control over immigration and to remain in the EU single market after Brexit. With the polls closing, Nicola Sturgeon told the

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that would raise the threshold for free care from £23,250 to £100,000, while including property in the means test and permitting deferred payment after death. After attracting substantial media attention, four days after the manifesto launch, May stated that the proposed social care reforms would now

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May launched the Conservative campaign with a focus on Brexit, lower domestic taxes and avoiding a Labour–SNP-Lib Dem "coalition of chaos", but she refused to commit not to raise taxes. On 30 April, May stated that it was her intention to lower taxes if the Conservatives won the general election, but

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Although Labour and the Liberal Democrats both rejected election pacts with each other and with the Greens and the SNP, and although the Liberal Democrats ruled out a coalition deal with the Conservatives, the Conservatives campaigned on the proposition that such deals might nevertheless occur, using

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Labour had supported Brexit in the previous parliament - Corbyn did not vote against the triggering of Article 50. Corbyn's actions in the previous parliament therefore dispelled the doubts of Labour voters who had voted to leave the EU. However, his vision for Brexit prioritised different plans for

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reported that researchers at Oxford University and the University of Manchester have found that election turnout in June 2017 was actually in the high 70s per cent and could have been as high as 80.3 per cent, partly because those with second homes and students are registered twice, and partly also

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Twenty-nine seats that had changed parties at the 2015 election changed parties again in 2017. Nineteen of these seats returned the candidate from the party that had held the seat in 2010. A third party took ten of these seats: nine were Conservative gains from the SNP in seats that the SNP had won

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is accounted for, the Conservative Party was the only party to receive a positive evaluation overall from the press. It was endorsed by newspapers that had an 80% share of the national Sunday press audience (the five Sunday newspapers endorsing the Conservatives had a daily circulation of more than

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s Jon Stone reported on an 860-page dossier into the handing of allegations of antisemitism by Labour members and officials. Stone stated that the right-wing of the party weaponised claims of antisemitism—amongst other things—in an active attempt to undermine Corbyn and prevent Labour from winning

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A record number of woman and LGBT+ MPs were elected. 208 woman MPs were elected to Parliament; the first time more than 200 MPs were women and beating the previous high of 196 woman MPs in the last Parliament. For the first time, a majority of MPs were educated at state comprehensive schools. More

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It was suggested that UKIP's decline boosted both main parties, but tended to help Labour retain seats in the North of England and the Midlands against the Conservatives, though it may have also benefited the Conservatives in predominantly working-class seats. Ipsos Mori found that UKIP's collapse

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considered age to be one of the most significant factors behind the result; compared to the 2015 general election, under-45s tended to opt more for Labour and over-54s for the Conservatives. It found 60% of those aged 18–24 voted Labour while 61% of over-64s voted Conservative. The swing to Labour

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poll, 42% of the general public said that TV was most influential in helping them choose, or confirming their choice in, whom to vote for; 32% said newspapers and magazines; 26%, social media; and 25%, radio. 58% of people surveyed also thought that the social media had diminished the influence of

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said, "I know nothing, we the media, the pundits and experts, know nothing". A number of newspaper columnists expressed similar sentiments. Some analysts and commentators have suggested the gap between the newspapers' strong support, and the public's marginal support, for the Conservatives in this

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The SNP, keen to maintain its position as the third-largest party in the House of Commons, made the need to protect Scotland's interests in the Brexit negotiations a central part of its campaign. The SNP manifesto called for a vote on independence to be held "at the end of the Brexit process", set

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threshold to £80,000 per year, and reintroduce the 50p tax rate for those earning more than £123,000 per year. Labour said it would raise an additional £48.6bn in tax revenue per year and insisted its policies were fully costed, though it was noted no costings were provided for its nationalisation

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had finished. After the final results were announced the SNP had lost 13% of the Scottish vote and one third of their seats - leading Sturgeon to conclude that, "Undoubtedly the issue of an independence referendum was a factor in this election result, but I think there were other factors as well".

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found that the Conservatives tended to experience a greater increase in vote share in seats with a higher proportion of working-class voters, particularly those that voted Leave in the EU referendum. Many of Labour's most successful results occurred in seats that voted Remain by a large margin in

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are likely to result in further changes. Almost all polls and predictions were for seats in Great Britain only, with Northern Irish parties being either absent from the totals or counted as "other". The Spreadex columns below cover bets on the number of seats each party will win with the midpoint

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quickly reaffirmed his party's opposition to an electoral pact or coalition with Labour, citing "electorally toxic" Corbyn and concerns over Labour's position on Brexit. On 22 April the Liberal Democrats also ruled out a coalition deal with the Conservatives and SNP. Labour ruled out an electoral

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had consistently shown strong leads for the Conservatives over Labour. From a 21-point lead, the Conservatives' lead began to diminish in the final weeks of the campaign. The Conservative Party returned 317 MPs—a net loss of 13 seats relative to 2015—despite winning 42.4% of the vote (its highest

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The results of the 2017 general election indicate the tilting of Britain's political axis, which reflects long-term trends. Looking at information of constituency-level voting in England between 2005 and 2017, patterns of voting confirm the relevance of identifying new categories of social class

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were approached but declined to be involved) but no agreement was reached; the Greens said there was "too much distance" between the parties, Sinn Féin's abstentionist policy was criticised, and the SDLP admitted an agreement was unlikely. On 8 May, the SDLP rejected Sinn Féin's call for them to

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Eli Aldridge was just 18 years old when he challenged then Liberal Democrat leader Tim Farron in his Westmorland and Lonsdale constituency. News coverage showed Aldridge balancing campaigning with revision for his A-level examinations, even missing the start of his end-of-year ball to speak at a

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would not be nominated as SNP candidates; the party subsequently selected candidates for McGarry's and Thomson's former seats, as well as for the three Scottish constituencies it did not win in 2015. The Liberal Democrats had already selected 326 candidates in 2016 and over 70 in 2017 before the

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from an existing list of candidates, without inviting applications; candidates in non-target seats were to be appointed directly by central party offices; and successful MPs were to be confirmed by a meeting of their local parties. This was controversial with local associations. The Labour Party

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In Wales, 213 candidates stood for election. Labour, Conservatives, Plaid Cymru, and Liberal Democrats contested all forty seats and there were 32 UKIP and 10 Green candidates. In Scotland, the SNP, the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats stood in all 59 seats while UKIP contested 10

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Two major terrorist attacks took place during the election campaign, with parties arguing about the best way to prevent such events. May, after the second attack, focused on global co-operation to tackle Islamist ideology and tackling the use of the internet by terrorist groups. After the first

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should be "resigning not seeking re-election", because her police cuts and security failures had led to the attacks. Corbyn backed calls for May to resign, but said she should be removed by voters. May said that police budgets for counter-terrorism had been maintained and that Corbyn had voted

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resigned as home affairs spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats over concerns about Farron's "views on various issues" during the campaign. Later that day Farron announced his resignation as leader of the Liberal Democrats, citing conflict between his Christian faith and serving as leader. He

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deal was reached on 26 June, with the DUP backing the Conservatives in key votes in the House of Commons over the course of the parliament. The agreement included additional funding of £1 billion for Northern Ireland, highlighted mutual support for Brexit and national security, expressed

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were reported by the morning after the election. The Conservatives remained the largest single party in terms of seats and votes, but were short of a parliamentary majority. The Conservatives won 317 seats with 42.4% of the vote while the Labour Party won 262 seats with 40.0% of the vote. The

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Notwithstanding national arrangements, the Liberal Democrats, the Greens, and UKIP indicated they might not stand in every constituency. The Green Party of England and Wales chose not to contest 22 seats explicitly "to increase the chance of a progressive candidate beating the Conservatives",

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caused by tactical voting which led to the Conservatives having a smaller share of seats despite an increased number of votes. The election was characterised by higher turnout, particularly among younger voters, which may have contributed to Labour's increased vote share. Research company

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was high in those seats with large numbers of young people. In seats where the Remain vote was strong there was also evidence of tactical voting against the Conservatives to stop a "hard Brexit", with many voters opting for the non-Conservative candidate with the best chance of winning.

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on 12 May, Corbyn set out his foreign policy, saying he would reshape Britain's foreign relations, avoid the use of nuclear weapons, and while Labour supported Trident renewal he would initiate a defence review in government. Corbyn stated that he would halt all weapons sales from the

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in their coverage and generally took an attacking editorial line, providing negative coverage of one or more parties they opposed rather than advocating for the party they endorsed, with Labour receiving the most negative coverage. Mick Temple, professor of Journalism and Politics at

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had not had 'a fair deal at the hands of the press' and that he was more popular than the media made him out to be. An exception, when the Conservative Party received more negative coverage than Labour, was during the third week of the campaign, when the Conservatives released their

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and their predecessors had long been the third-largest party in British politics, they returned only 8 MPs in 2015 (having been part of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition from 2010 until 2015)—49 fewer than at the previous election and the fewest in their modern history.

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had until midnight on 31 May to register. A person who has two homes (such as a university student with a term-time address but lives at home during holidays) may be registered to vote at both addresses, as long as they are not in the same electoral area, but can vote in only one

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In the 2015 general election, polling companies underestimated the Conservative Party vote and overestimated the Labour Party vote and so failed to predict the result accurately. Afterwards they started making changes to polling practices; recommendations from a review by the

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as a result of Britain's vote to leave the EU and Scotland's vote to remain. The SNP hoped to hold a second independence referendum once the Brexit terms a were clear but before Britain left the EU; May said her government would not approve an independence referendum before

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In England, Labour made a net gain of 21 seats, taking 25 constituencies from the Conservatives and two from the Liberal Democrats. Its gains were predominantly in university towns and cities and in London, most notably achieving victories in the London constituencies of

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The party reported a surge in membership after the election was called, passing 100,000 on 24 April, having grown by 12,500 in the preceding week. The party also reported raising £500,000 in donations in the first 48 hours after May's announcement of an early election.

2737:. On 28 March 2017, the Scottish Parliament approved a motion requesting that Westminster pass a Section 30 order giving the Parliament the authority to hold a second independence referendum, suggesting that there had been a "material change of circumstances" since the 1452:

not legally excluded from voting (for example, a convicted person detained in prison or a mental hospital, or unlawfully at large if he/she would otherwise have been detained, or a person found guilty of certain corrupt or illegal practices) or disqualified from voting

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The result was noted for increased vote shares for Labour (up 9.6 percentage points) and the Conservatives (up 5.5 percentage points), with a combined 82.4% share of the vote, up from 67.3% in 2015. The highest combined share of the vote for the two main parties since

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motion to allow this was passed on 19 April, with 522 votes for and 13 against, a majority of 509. The motion was supported by the Conservatives, Labour, the Liberal Democrats and the Greens, while the SNP abstained. Nine Labour MPs, one SDLP MP and three independents

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pledges. Compared to the leaked draft, the manifesto was noted for toughening Labour's position on defence and Trident, confirming that outside the EU free movement would have to end, qualifying support for airport expansion, and clarifying the party's stance on

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attack, Labour criticised cuts in police numbers under the Conservative government. Corbyn also linked the Manchester attack to British foreign policy. The Conservatives stated that spending on counter-terrorism for both the police and other agencies had risen.

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required sitting MPs to express their intention to stand, automatically re-selecting those who did; and it advertised for applications from party members for all remaining seats by 23 April. Having devolved selections to its Scottish and Welsh parties, Labour's

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policy. The DUP, Sinn Féin, SDLP, UUP and APNI were all led by new party leaders, changed since the 2015 election. The Conservatives, Greens, and four other minor parties also stood. Despite contesting 10 seats last time, UKIP did not stand in Northern Ireland.

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said victory for Labour in the general election would be "extraordinary" and that winning just 200 seats (compared to 229 seats held at the time) would be a "successful" result; the following morning he clarified he was now "optimistic" about Labour's chances.

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system used in UK general elections means that the number of seats won is not directly related to vote share. Thus, several approaches are used to convert polling data and other information into seat predictions. The table below lists some of the predictions.

16366: 28439: 8796:, whereas the Liberal Democrats gained three. Having won 56 of 59 Scottish seats at the last general election, the SNP lost a total of 21 seats, and majorities in its remaining seats were greatly reduced. High-profile losses included SNP Commons leader 5339:), endorsed Labour, with two others endorsing tactical voting against the Conservative (these three titles, with a daily circulation of under 1 million, had a share of 20% of the Sunday press audience), and 11% of the national daily press (namely, 31340: 2620:, but sought a "deep and special partnership" through a comprehensive free trade and customs agreement. It proposed seeking to remain part of some EU programmes where it would "be reasonable that we make a contribution", staying as a signatory of the 8915:, Labour increased its share of middle-class voters (defined as ABC1) by 12 percentage points compared to the previous election while the Conservatives increased their share of working-class voters (C2DE) by 12 percentage points. Political scientist 8936:

found that a one-point lead for the Conservatives among university graduates in 2015 had flipped to a 17-point lead for Labour in 2017. For those with low educational qualifications, the Conservatives led by 22 points, up from 8 points in 2015.

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The deadline for the receipt and determination of anonymous electoral registration applications is one working day before the publication date of the notice of alteration to the Electoral Register (that is, the sixth working day before polling

15850:, who were more experienced with policy work than campaigning; the presidential style of the campaign focusing on the figure of Theresa May, while most of the Cabinet were sidelined (particularly the exclusion of Chancellor of the Exchequer 2203:

election was called. Meetings of local party members from UKIP, the Greens and Plaid Cymru selected their candidates. Parties in Northern Ireland were not believed to have already selected candidates due to the Assembly elections in March.

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on 18 May, May promised a "mainstream government that would deliver for mainstream Britain". It proposed to balance the budget by 2025, raise spending on the NHS by £8bn per year and on schools by £4bn per year by 2022, remove the ban on

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The leader of the party commanding a majority of support in the House of Commons is the person who is called on by the monarch to form a government as Prime Minister, while the leader of the largest party not in government becomes the

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nuclear deterrent, but suggested a future government would be "extremely cautious" about using it. The next day Labour's Clause V meeting endorsed the manifesto after amendments from shadow cabinet members and trade unions present.

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elections. On 19 April, May warned against a Labour–SNP–Lib Dem pact that would "divide our country". After the hung result led the Conservatives to seek DUP support for a minority government, this rhetoric was mocked by opponents.

22603: 3198:. The Liberal Democrats also promised an additional £7 billion to protect per-pupil funding in education; they said it would be partly funded by remaining in the EU single market. The party pledged on 11 May to accept 50,000 16402: 2854:

the next day, May said Labour had "deserted" working-class voters, criticised Labour's policy proposals and said Britain's future depended on making a success of Brexit. On 14 May the Conservatives proposed a "new generation" of

16696: 2903:"triple lock" with a "double lock" and require executive pay to be approved by a vote of shareholders. It dropped the 2015 pledge to not raise income tax or national insurance contributions but maintained a commitment to freeze 29520: 17968: 8952:. There was a strong correlation between those who prioritised controlling immigration and the Conservatives, while the same was true for supporting single market access and those who opted for Labour or the Liberal Democrats. 8421:, was published at the end of voting at 10 pm, predicting the number of seats for each party, with the Conservatives being the largest party, but short of an overall majority: Actual results were close to the prediction. 31916: 17823: 26475: 23342: 29270: 27723: 24786: 17534: 16441: 2929:

include an "absolute limit" on costs in contrast to the rejection of a cap in the manifesto. She criticised the "fake" portrayal of the policy in recent days by Labour and other critics, who had termed it a "dementia tax".

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while seeking a "deep and special partnership" and promised a vote in parliament on the final agreement. The manifesto was noted for containing similar policies to those found in Labour's 2015 general election manifesto.

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Policies emphasised during their manifesto launch on 17 May included a second referendum on a Brexit deal with the option to remain a member of the EU, discounted bus passes for 16- to 21-year-olds, the reinstatement of

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Social care became a major election issue after the Conservative Party's manifesto included new proposals, which were subsequently altered after criticism. The previous coalition government had commissioned a review by

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The cost of organising the election was around £140 million – slightly less than the EU referendum, of which £98 million was spent on administrative costs, and £42.5 million was spent on campaign costs.

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increased (from 51% in 2010 to 65%) and favoured Labour to a greater degree, with the party achieving a 23-point lead over the Conservatives among private renters; the Conservatives maintained a 14-point lead among

26742: 24413: 2824:" in the Conservatives' campaigning attracted attention and criticism. Some expressed concern that the party may have restricted media access to the prime minister. While some speculated that an investigation into 29035: 24331: 17565: 17356: 3326:

announced they planned to host leaders' debates, as they had done in the 2010 and 2015 elections, whether or not May took part. Labour subsequently ruled out Corbyn taking part in television debates without May.

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First meeting of the 57th Parliament of the United Kingdom, for the formal election of a Speaker of the Commons and the swearing-in of members, ahead of the State Opening of the new Parliament's first session.

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were also proposed. The manifesto was noted for its intervention in industry, lack of tax cuts and increased spending commitments on public services. On Brexit it committed to leaving the single market and

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Corbyn and Farron called on May to resign. On 9 June, May apologised to candidates who lost their seats and confirmed she would continue as party leader and prime minister, with the intention of forming

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of the United Kingdom's constituent nations. On 27 April the party pledged to build 1 million new homes over five years. Labour's proposal to employ 10,000 new police officers was overshadowed when

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supported a "clean, quick and efficient Brexit" and, launching his party's election campaign, Nuttall stated that Brexit was a "job half done" and UKIP MPs were needed to "see this through to the end".

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May subsequently stated her regret in not taking part in the debates, explaining her reasoning for not taking part in the debates as they had " the life blood out of David Cameron's campaign" in 2010.

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that the SNP could support a Labour government "on an issue-by-issue basis" in the event of a hung parliament and she would be open to forming a "progressive alternative to a Conservative government".

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would be maintained. Various commentators suggested that this raised problems for the UK government's role as a neutral arbiter in Northern Ireland, as is required under the Good Friday Agreement.

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and the Speaker and deputies do not vote, the number of MPs needed for a majority is, in practice, slightly lower. Sinn Féin won 7 seats, meaning a practical majority requires at least 320 MPs.

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the UK outside the EU. He wanted for Britain to still maintain the benefits of the single market and the custom union. The Liberal Democrats and Greens called for a deal to keep the UK in the

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Labour was thought to have attracted a significant number of student voters with its pledge to abolish tuition fees, which stands at £9,250 a year in England, and bring back student grants.

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and his policy ideas, was seen as playing a significant role during the election in presenting him as someone less frightening that the newspapers had presented him and more engaging than

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on 2 March. Talks on power-sharing between the DUP and Sinn Féin had failed to reach a conclusion, with Northern Ireland thus facing either another Assembly election, or the imposition of

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ruled out rises in VAT and in income tax and employee national insurance contributions for those with earnings below £80,000 per year. The following day Labour outlined plans to ban

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was ratified by the necessary two-thirds vote in the House of Commons on 19 April 2017. May said that she hoped to secure a larger majority to "strengthen hand" in the forthcoming

29998: 26063: 20726: 17727: 17613: 17526: 17039: 8713:, which had been held by Labour since 1918.The Conservatives experienced a net loss of 22 seats, the first time since 1997 that the party suffered a net loss of seats. They gained 29651: 29408: 24357: 22183: 21420: 19394: 17503: 5499:

particularly received criticism for her election coverage. During the election the BBC circulated a 2015 report of Kuenssberg's (on Corbyn's views on 'shoot to kill' policy) that

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reported that more than 1.1 million people between 18 and 35 had registered to vote since the election was announced on 18 April. Of those, 591,730 were under the age of 25.

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Britain Elects maintained a 'nowcast' – a projection showing what the result would be if held today – of seats based on historical data as well as national and regional polling.

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Newspapers, organisations and individuals endorsed parties or individual candidates for the election. For example, the main national newspapers gave the following endorsements:

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As during the 2015 election, although less than then (−12.5%), most media coverage (32.9%) was given to the workings of the electoral process itself (e.g., electoral events,

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were expected to feature significantly in the campaign, but did not as domestic issues took precedence instead. The campaign was interrupted by two major terrorist attacks:

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called for international agreements to regulate the internet. The Conservative stance on regulation of the internet and social media was criticised by Farron and the

2355:

stood as an independent candidate, after being rejected from standing with that party and then withdrawing his party membership. After the Liberal Democrats rejected

2060:

in 50) and the Liberal Democrats in 629. UKIP stood in 377 constituencies, down from 624 in 2015, while the Greens stood in 468, down from 573. The SNP contested all

29938: 24506: 24019: 21139: 20128: 18022: 16860: 15418: 2320: 28107: 19301: 18803: 17408: 17378: 16252:, but resigned from the party whip and gave up her SNP membership later that year, following the announcement of a police inquiry into allegations made against her. 3217:

and committed to NATO's 2% of GDP defence spending target. The next day the Liberal Democrats promised to end the cap on public-sector pay increases and repeal the

2534:

in England, Scotland and Wales took place on 4 May. These saw large gains by the Conservatives, and large losses by Labour and UKIP. Notably, the Conservatives won

31754: 31265: 31170: 31075: 29982: 29944: 29597: 28654: 25013: 24526: 16764: 15987: 9465: 4909: 4660: 2955: 2248:, had said he would retire in 2020 and so stood again in the 2017 election, leaving it open for him to retire possibly in 2022 (he eventually retired in 2019 when 1890: 1207: 1186: 16294: 31842: 31428: 31047: 31042: 31037: 31032: 31027: 31022: 31017: 31012: 31007: 29968: 29610: 29440: 29416: 26144: 23738: 20611: 18223: 15573: 15374: 8847: 5322: 2464: 1045: 26232: 20991: 16542: 15878:, supported Labour, denigrated Conservatives, and reached millions of voters. Their intention was to swing the elections for Labour. Labour's Shadow Chancellor 15838:

Figures inside and outside the Conservative Party criticised its campaign widely. Points of criticism included the initial decision to call the election (which

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to ensure "certainty". By convention, when no party has a majority, the incumbent prime minister has the first opportunity to garner enough support to govern.

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Unlike in previous elections, the timetable of the snap election required parties to select candidates in just under three weeks, to meet the 11 May deadline.

2047: 1475: 1374: 1176: 94: 29241: 25960: 20699: 18192: 16502: 29504: 26549: 25481: 20660: 20544: 15482: 15339: 11242: 6724: 6325: 5351:; a combined circulation of 841,010). On this metric, 'Conservative partisanship was the most salient voice in the British national press'. When newspapers' 3165: 1957:, who left the party in March 2017 to sit as an independent. After securing 3.8% of the vote and one MP in the previous general election, Green Party leader 961:. The SNP, which had won 56 of the 59 Scottish seats at the previous general election in 2015, lost 21. The Liberal Democrats made a net gain of four seats. 545: 29424: 26882: 25081: 21389: 1577:

criticised May for being opportunistic in the timing of the election, motivated by the then strong position of the Conservative Party in the opinion polls.

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during Brexit negotiations. Parliament would be able to amend or repeal EU legislation once converted into UK law, and have a vote on the final agreement.

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in which the Conservatives made a net loss of seats or Labour a net gain of seats. The election had the closest result between the two major parties since

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Eunice Goes, 'Jez, We Can!' Labour's Campaign: Defeat with a Taste of Victory, Parliamentary Affairs, Volume 71, Issue suppl_1, March 2018, Pages 59–71,

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led to interviews with Nuttall, Farron, Sturgeon and Corbyn to be rescheduled. ITV Tonight also ran a series of programmes with the major party leaders.

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UKIP failed to win any seats, its vote share falling from 12.6% at the previous general election to just 1.8%; party leader Paul Nuttall came third in

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Elections Etc. issued regular forecasts based on current opinion poll averages, Betting Markets, expert predictions and other sources on their website.

6178: 6111: 2820:. The Conservative campaign was noted for the use of targeted adverts on social media, in particular attacking Corbyn. The repeated use of the phrase " 2304: 1516: 28283: 21443: 17226:"By The Queen a proclamation appointing Thursday the 8th of June 2017 as the polling day for the general election of the next Parliament Elizabeth R." 5408:

her as a 'strong and stable' leader, and they described her as 'weak and wobbly', 'robotic', the 'zombie prime minister', and a 'dead woman walking'.

2420:

and the SNP each proposed to collaborate with Labour and the Liberal Democrats to prevent a Conservative majority government. Liberal Democrat leader

2052:

3,304 candidates stood for election, down from 3,631 in the previous general election. The Conservatives stood in 637 seats, Labour in 631 (including

1777:

opened at 7 am and closed at 10 pm, or once voters present in a queue at or outside the polling station at 10 pm had cast their vote).

30028: 23860: 21082: 18709: 16518: 15450: 6577: 2963: 28803: 28606: 26358: 24383: 21316:"Theresa May rules out increase to VAT before 2022 but not hikes to income tax and National Insurance prompting fears of tax raid on higher earners" 19048: 17294: 2592:

was expected to be a key issue in the campaign, but featured less than expected. May said she called the snap election to secure a majority for her

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was used during the election campaign by both political parties. Labour's key success in the election campaign was partly attributed to the use of

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Corbyn launched the Labour campaign focusing on public spending, and argued that services were being underfunded, particularly education. Labour's

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Of the 109 candidates in Northern Ireland, Sinn Féin, the SDLP and the Alliance contested all 18 seats; the DUP stood in 17, the UUP in 14 and the

1212: 261: 24557: 23956: 21315: 20097: 3202:

over five years, with Farron saying that the £4.3 billion costs would over time be repaid in taxes by those refugees that settle in Britain.

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In Scotland, the Conservatives, Labour, and the Liberal Democrats all gained seats from the SNP, whose losses were attributed to opposition to a

5396:

of Labour, on the whole they were similar to the left in their negativity towards, or avoidance of, the leader of their endorsed party. Only the

3123:, as well as other changes. After initial confusion, Labour clarified it would not reverse the government's freeze on most working-age benefits. 2510: 2264: 1408:

was not due to report until 2018, and therefore this general election took place under existing boundaries, enabling direct comparisons with the

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of militant suspects when it is thought they present a threat but there is not enough evidence to prosecute them, stating that she would change

32270: 32234: 27695: 23770: 23095: 18472: 18282: 17998: 15801: 15359: 15232: 15187: 11128: 9754: 8758: 8678: 6255: 6024: 3088:, Corbyn said that a conversation should take place "with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states that have funded and fuelled extremist ideology". 2449: 2430: 2101: 1994: 28902: 24618: 23065: 21781: 21565: 21107: 21051: 19821: 19519: 19117: 17932: 32494: 32489: 32249: 31320: 30277: 30197: 29964: 29548: 28767: 24162: 19542: 19180: 18084: 17446: 17071: 15997: 15526: 15521: 15344: 15302: 15277: 8742: 8738: 8721:

from the Liberal Democrats in addition to the six gains from Labour. The Liberal Democrats took five seats from the Conservatives, including

8662: 8646: 8373:

maintained a running projection of seats according to latest polls on its website. It also maintained a seat-by-seat projection for Scotland.

6507: 5667: 2875:

in line with average earnings until 2022. The proposals were characterised as an "unabashed pitch for Labour voters"; however Labour and the

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would have to end. Corbyn emphasised Labour's support for a "jobs-first Brexit" that "safeguards the future of Britain's vital industries".

857:

remained the largest single party in the House of Commons but lost its small overall majority, resulting in the formation of a Conservative

32229: 31480: 31412: 31407: 31233: 30282: 30192: 29592: 28636: 23358: 23178: 22265: 19995: 19904:"David Davis says UK legally 'locked into' General Election on June 8 after London Bridge terror attack amid calls to postpone polling day" 15222: 8674: 3306: 3298: 2140: 276: 27573: 24840: 24079: 23617: 22656: 22568: 18061: 16951: 16317: 5280: 2703:

into how to fund social care. Measures that were seen to disadvantage pensioners were also in the Conservative manifesto: eliminating the

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after taking questions from a studio audience. The BBC held two debates to which all seven main party leaders were invited, on 31 May in

3315: 2962:, stated that the party would replace the existing Brexit white paper with new negotiating priorities that emphasise the benefits of the 2498: 2188: 1882: 1874: 1425: 251: 28903:"Gerry Adams jokes he means 'no harm' to the Queen as he warns Theresa May a deal with the DUP would 'breach the Good Friday Agreement'" 26306: 22175: 21412: 21237: 20722: 19386: 19147: 18837: 1756: 1721: 1640:

Royal Proclamation under section 2(7) of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 issued by HM The Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister

1466: 1445:

a resident at an address in the UK (or a British citizen living abroad who has been registered to vote in the UK in the last 15 years),

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and a desire for the UK to stay in the single market. The party reportedly targeted seats which had voted to remain in the EU, such as

3013:

interview on 2 May on how it would be funded. Labour later stated that the £300 million cost would be funded by reversing cuts to

2568:

on 22 May. The SNP had been scheduled to release their manifesto for the election but this was delayed. Campaigning resumed on 25 May.

2360: 2229: 1927: 1912: 1897: 529: 256: 29472: 28163: 27165: 26386: 25133: 23926:"BBC and ITV on collision course with Theresa May as both say that they want to hold televised debates before June 8 general election" 23240: 20075: 17103: 4651:

In the 12 months leading up to the election, the Conservatives spent £18.5m, Labour spent £11m and the Liberal Democrats spent £6.8m.

32083: 32052: 31369: 31364: 31359: 31354: 31208: 31112: 22933: 21347: 20752: 19459: 19206: 18159: 17793: 16012: 15579: 15398: 15282: 15267: 15212: 8855: 8851: 6360: 5876: 3073: 2653: 1908: 1838: 1523:, to dissolve Parliament before its five-year maximum length. The Act permitted early dissolution if the House of Commons voted by a 19701: 19645: 19021: 17591: 16265:

in February. Gains at a general election are normally contrasted to the previous general election, ignoring by-elections in between.

16149: 30049: 25944: 25103: 21021: 16669: 15312: 15227: 8827:

from the Conservatives, leaving the Welsh Conservatives with eight seats. Plaid Cymru retained its three existing seats and gained

6542: 5884: 5435: 5287:

was portrayed as a coward, and he and his closest allies were accused of being terrorist sympathizers. During the election period,

2860: 2810: 965:, the third-largest party in 2015 by number of votes, saw its share of the vote reduced from 12.6% to 1.8% and lost its only seat. 17: 28023: 26198: 26175: 26039: 24435: 19903: 18528: 18494: 16928: 16643: 8768:, contributing to tactical voting for unionist parties. The Conservative Party placed second in Scotland for the first time since 3028:

TV adverts and parking charges at NHS hospitals. Labour promised an additional £4.8 billion for education, funded by raising

32244: 31900: 31890: 31145: 20910: 19363: 18249: 16082: 15561: 15543: 15487: 15472: 15413: 15257: 15202: 15197: 10083: 10078: 9428: 8863: 8839: 8828: 8722: 8686: 8682: 8633: 6759: 6689: 5989: 5807: 3249: 3195: 3161: 3081: 2813: 2704: 2521: 2502: 2332: 2296: 1520: 271: 29316: 29262:"Researchers 'don't know' who was behind Russian Twitter bots that churned out pro-Corbyn posts, or how much difference it made" 27677: 26795: 20486: 5241:(DUP) received next to no coverage during the campaign (0.4% of appearances) but were prominent in coverage after the election. 32131: 31454: 30359: 30013: 29703: 28964: 27504: 27091: 25800: 21942: 21909: 20943: 20520: 20366: 19965: 19851: 15585: 15440: 15242: 15177: 15135: 10864: 9470: 8718: 8710: 8670: 6472: 6188: 6101: 1778: 1535: 712: 98: 28879: 26254: 24139: 23685: 23568: 23452: 23125: 23027: 23004: 22910: 22880: 22842: 22788: 22757: 22727: 22633: 22333: 22107: 22041: 21979: 21819: 20846: 20400: 20299: 20202: 15913:

Electoral commission data shows that in 2017 Q2, total donations for each major political party, over £7,500, are as follows:

1566:. The SNP stated that it was in favour of fixed-term parliaments, and would abstain in the House of Commons vote. UKIP leader 1054: 31459: 27077: 26996: 23482: 23209: 22454: 22243: 22213: 21879: 21849: 21758: 21668: 20033: 19615: 18321: 17910: 17734: 17620: 17290: 16797: 16789: 16760: 16704: 15886:

smear campaign" and further said: "If there's an issue here about anything with Russian influence in our society, it's about

15430: 15379: 15252: 9461: 8702: 6220: 3169: 2738: 2276: 2172: 1969:

in September 2016. Smaller parties that contested the 2015 election and chose not to put forward candidates in 2017 included

1830: 26679: 23803: 23655: 23538: 23419: 23281: 22513: 22303: 21728: 21698: 21481: 20790: 19585: 18687: 18588: 17876: 17174: 17015: 16985: 32224: 32209: 32025: 31854: 31557: 31433: 30999: 30348: 30342: 30337: 30327: 30322: 30317: 30312: 30307: 30302: 30297: 30292: 30287: 30272: 30267: 30262: 30257: 30252: 30247: 30242: 30237: 30232: 30227: 30222: 30217: 30212: 30207: 30202: 30187: 30182: 30177: 30172: 30167: 30162: 30157: 30152: 30147: 30142: 30137: 30132: 30127: 30122: 30117: 30112: 30107: 30102: 30097: 30092: 30087: 30082: 30077: 30072: 30067: 30062: 30057: 29670: 29656: 29582: 27609: 24297: 23893: 22546: 22424: 18991: 16249: 16228: 15624:

Theresa May declares her intention to remain in office following the election result outside 10 Downing Street, 9 June 2017

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planned to host a live TV debate in Glasgow with four Scottish party leaders on 24 May, but it was postponed, owing to the

2856: 2773: 2769: 2249: 2245: 1878: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1774: 1697:

Deadline (5pm) for the publication of Statements of Persons Nominated (or 4 pm on 12 May if objections were received)

1512: 1386: 1331: 1323: 1033: 946: 938: 934: 930: 926: 884: 880: 851: 843: 839: 819: 803: 771: 727: 62: 52: 2977: 1752: 1741: 32509: 31837: 31832: 31822: 31686: 31374: 30988: 30982: 30977: 30972: 30967: 30962: 30957: 30952: 30947: 30942: 30937: 30932: 30927: 30922: 30917: 30912: 30907: 30902: 30897: 30892: 30887: 30882: 30877: 30872: 30867: 30862: 30857: 30852: 30847: 30842: 30837: 30832: 30827: 30822: 30817: 30812: 30807: 30802: 30797: 30792: 30787: 30782: 30777: 30772: 30767: 30762: 30757: 30752: 30747: 30742: 30737: 30732: 30727: 30722: 30717: 30712: 30692: 30687: 30642: 30612: 30567: 30457: 30392: 30382: 30377: 30367: 29987: 27893:"Scotland election results: Alex Salmond defeated and SNP suffer huge losses as Tory chances boosted north of the border" 19293: 17264: 17232: 16897: 16473: 15364: 15292: 13621: 10434: 8809: 6805:

to defeat Douglas Carswell, withdrew in favour of the UKIP candidate after Carswell announced he would be standing down.

6402: 6290: 5694: 3514: 3276: 2621: 2543: 2531: 2514: 2221: 2081: 2061: 1737: 1710: 1678: 1294: 28072: 27356: 20637: 18215: 16599: 2867:

currently protected by the EU after Brexit, put worker representation on company boards, introduce a statutory right to

31348: 31248: 29872: 29852: 29464: 26968: 25778:

E. Harmer and R. Southern, 'Process, personalities and polls: online news coverage of the UK General Election 2017' in

24247: 24228: 20607: 16061: 15538: 15369: 15334: 15237: 10027: 9945: 8835: 8820: 8801: 5772: 4636: 4628: 4403: 4395: 3187:'s views, as a Christian, regarding gay sex and LGBT rights. After declining to state whether he thought gay sex was a 3051:

and create publicly owned energy companies. The draft was noted for including commitments to workers' rights, a ban on

2680: 2660:, including forcing Internet companies to restrict access to extremist and adult content. Following the London attack, 2547: 2509:

to the Conservatives, the first time a governing party had gained a seat in a by-election since the Conservatives took

2472: 2163: 2030: 2018: 1155: 1145: 988: 28517: 16286: 957:, the third- and fourth-largest parties, both lost vote share; media coverage characterised the result as a return to 31402: 31057: 30040: 30006: 22157: 20974: 16045: 15467: 6794: 6534: 3100: 3099:, which McDonnell claimed would raise up to £5.6bn per year. The next day Corbyn set out plans to spend £37bn on the 2539: 2525: 2489:

Prior to the calling of the general election, the Liberal Democrats gained Richmond Park from the Conservatives in a

29456: 25297:"When "Positive Posting" Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook" 25246:"When "Positive Posting" Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook" 20691: 16573: 3233:

for 18- to 21-year-olds, a £3bn plan to build 300,000 new houses a year by 2022 and support for renters to build up

32326: 32188: 29781: 28567: 27833: 23715: 21630:"Tory MPs face being prosecuted for electoral fraud while they are fighting the upcoming general election campaign" 18184: 17107: 16498: 15740: 11510: 11421: 10938: 10398: 9737: 9338: 8539: 8202: 7800: 7478: 7175: 3406: 3199: 3120: 3111: 3092: 2676: 2417: 2109: 1563: 1382: 1258: 1150: 1074: 1025: 973: 27595: 27179: 23957:"General election 2017: Corbyn will not take part in TV election debates without May, Labour says – Politics live" 16148:

Or, in the case of a British citizen who moved abroad before the age of 18, if his/her parent/guardian was on the

32394: 31941: 31505: 31386: 30036: 25073: 18922:"Labour facing revolt as activists refuse to back candidates in bid to fight Theresa May's plans for hard Brexit" 18859: 15858:, and suggested the manifesto's lack of appeal to younger voters had played a part in Conservative shortcomings. 11015: 8858:, this left the DUP with ten seats (up from eight) and Sinn Féin with seven (up from four); independent unionist 5610:

had the most shared election-related article online during the campaign. Others urge caution, stressing that the

2943: 2817: 2468: 2356: 2124: 2026: 1904: 1508: 907: 29512: 28217: 25925: 24587: 23833: 22133: 21381: 21284: 19791: 19482:"Sinn Fein, SDLP and Greens discuss anti-Brexit alliance in run up to general election – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk" 18438: 17728:"UK Parliamentary elections in Great Britain: guidance for (Acting) Returning Officers (Part D – Absent voting)" 17614:"UK Parliamentary elections in Great Britain: guidance for (Acting) Returning Officers (Part D – Absent voting)" 15788:

the 2017 election in the hope that a poor result would trigger a leadership contest to remove Corbyn as leader.

8376:

Election Forecast also maintained a projection of seats based on current opinion poll averages on their website.

5561:

for the Conservatives. After the results were in and the Conservatives had won by a much smaller margin, on air

2467:, while the UUP chose not to stand in four constituencies. Talks took place between Sinn Féin, the SDLP and the 32098: 31875: 31282: 29480: 29392: 25998:

Survey reveals extent to which newspapers and social media influenced voting decisions at 2017 general election

24898:"General election 2017 press endorsements: Tories backed by 80 per cent of UK national Sunday newspaper market" 17412: 15708: 15615: 14735: 5275:, characterised the negativity Corbyn and Labour received during this election as more hostile than that which 4916: 3115: 3107: 3029: 3017:, although it was noted that the party had also pledged some of those savings towards other expenditure plans. 2900: 2803: 2687: 2657: 2490: 2233: 1248: 895:. It was the first general election to be contested by either May or Corbyn as party leader; May had succeeded 865: 27478: 27330: 17496:"Local election 2017 results in England, Wales and Scotland – and what does it mean for the general election?" 32126: 32006: 31895: 31708: 31547: 31531: 31097: 29892: 25885:

V. Polonski, 'From voices to votes: how young people used social media to influence the General Election' in

25482:"Jeremy Corbyn has not had a fair deal at the hands of the press says David Dimbleby in Radio Times magazine" 25043: 24961:

General election 2017 press endorsements: Tories backed by 80 per cent of UK national Sunday newspaper market

24928:

National newspaper print ABCs for Jan 2017: Observer up year on year, The Sun is fastest riser month on month

15620: 10316: 8956:

while the Conservatives won 19%. Likeability of party leaders also narrowed over the course of the campaign.

6247: 5476:'s leaders debates, with 54% of airtime devoted to Conservative issues and 31% to Labour's. In an episode of 3218: 2434: 2128: 1584:

on 3 May. The government announced that it intended for the next parliament to assemble on 13 June, with the

1511:

introduced fixed-term Parliaments to the United Kingdom, with elections scheduled every five years since the

1029: 23955:

Sparrow (Now), Andrew; Phipps, Claire; Carrell, Severin; McDonald, Henry; Stewart, Heather (26 April 2017).

21140:"Theresa May is attacking the idea of a Labour-Lib Dem progressive alliance against her – she needn't worry" 18897: 5574:

played a decisive role (perhaps being the first election in which this was the case). Some website and blog

5422:. The BBC has been criticised for its coverage during the election campaign. For example, right-wing papers 3314:

Within hours of the election being announced, Corbyn, Farron and Sturgeon called for televised debates. The

3114:

for two- to four-year-olds, charge companies a levy on annual earnings above £330,000, lower the 45p income

25736:

M. Wheeler, 'The use and abuse of the vox pop in the 2017 UK General Election television news coverage' in

17710: 17678: 16179: 15818: 10191: 10152: 9017:

Election results showing the best-performing party in each constituency, other than Conservative or Labour.

8697:

from the Conservatives by narrow margins; However it also lost five seats to the Conservatives, largely in

5292: 4753:

On election day, urged its readers to vote for whoever would beat the Conservatives in their constituency.

4544: 3633: 2967: 2917: 2617: 2441: 2105: 1630: 887:, was led by May as Prime Minister. It was defending a working majority of 17 seats against the opposition 29488: 27413: 16526: 16123: 5355:

were measured by their positivity and negativity towards and against the parties running in the election,

2671:

On 6 June, May promised longer prison sentences for people convicted of terrorism and restrictions on the

2194:

The SNP confirmed on 22 April that its 54 sitting MPs would be re-selected and that its suspended members

32219: 32088: 32001: 31994: 31989: 31984: 31189: 31138: 28614: 24379: 15747: 15746:

Negotiations between the Conservatives and the DUP began on 9 June. On 12 June, it was reported that the

15682: 10977: 10784: 6764: 4764: 3222: 2272: 2132: 1798: 1585: 1309: 876: 25903:

S. Schifferes, 'From Brexit to Corbyn: agenda setting, framing and the UK media – a research agenda' in

24870: 15673:

had 48% saying Theresa May should resign, with 38% against. A Survation poll of 1,036 adults online for

8364: 5404:

unreserved support. After the election, the press turned on Theresa May, who had run on a campaign that

2981:

Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn launching the party's general election campaign on 9 May 2017 in Manchester.

2672: 1649: 32141: 31931: 31638: 29882: 25595: 19118:"Nicola Sturgeon says SNP will seek 'progressive alliance' with Labour and Lib Dems to keep out Tories" 10551: 10277: 7935: 6982: 6646: 5472:

complained that the BBC was pro-Tory and anti-Corbyn. According to analysts, a bias was evident during

3953: 3926: 3617: 3590: 3394: 2136: 2073: 1974: 1935: 1833:. Candidates not belonging to a registered party could use an "independent" label, or no label at all. 1378: 1278: 1094: 976:

retained its sole seat, but its share of the vote declined. In Northern Ireland, the DUP won 10 seats,

25835:

Political columnists eat humble pie and apologise over dire election predictions for Corbyn and Labour

24810:"Keir Starmer is the right person to negotiate Brexit – or at least to hold the Government to account" 24049: 16750:"Guidance for Electoral Registration Officers (Part 4 – Maintaining the register throughout the year)" 15796:

After achieving just 1.8% of the popular vote, down from 12.7% in 2015, and failing to win any seats,

8875: 5530:, campaign mishaps). During the first two weeks of campaigning, members of the public, interviewed in 2377:

Endorsements in the 2017 United Kingdom general election § Endorsements for individual candidates

32409: 32093: 31885: 31195: 29810: 29751: 28716:"Election results 2017: Theresa May says sorry to defeated Tory candidates as she eyes deal with DUP" 27539: 27063: 16469: 16262: 16086: 15638: 15106: 11520: 11391: 10512: 9784: 9227: 8753:, which the Liberal Democrats had won in a 2016 by-election, was narrowly lost to the Conservatives. 8706: 5659: 5539: 5238: 4930: 4604: 4371: 3793: 3390: 3381: 3379:

The BBC hosted separate debates for the English regions, and for both Scotland and Wales, and also a

3268:(FGM) for high-risk girls. In response to the proposed burqa ban UKIP's foreign affairs spokesperson 3265: 3096: 3085: 3060: 2864: 2829: 2575:. UKIP chose to continue campaigning. There were unsuccessful calls for polling day to be postponed. 2572: 2506: 2493:, a seat characterised by its high Remain vote in the 2016 EU referendum. The Conservatives held the 2456: 2394: 2097: 2010: 1495: 1130: 1014: 869: 514: 29372: 29083: 28484: 27944: 27878: 26941: 26412: 24507:"Daily Mail and Sun launch front-page attacks on Corbyn as Fleet Street lines up behind Theresa May" 23359:"'Absolute disgrace': Tim Farron under fire for refusing to answer when asked if being gay is a sin" 23087: 23057: 22689:"London terror attack: Jeremy Corbyn tells Theresa May 'you cannot protect the public on the cheap'" 19813: 18464: 18274: 17990: 5500: 1760: 1725: 1706: 1470: 32434: 32399: 32379: 31449: 31295: 29027:"Anti-Corbyn Labour officials worked to lose general election to oust leader, leaked dossier finds" 25631:

K. Parry, 'Seeing Jeremy Corbyn and not seeing Theresa May: the promise of civic spectatorship' in

19511: 17558:"When Will I Know Who The General Election Candidates for My Area Are? Everything You Need To Know" 17438: 16136: 15693: 14770: 11441: 10473: 9005:

Election results plotted on a map showing equal-size constituencies, showing winning party in each.

8665:, which the Conservatives had gained from the Lib Dems in 2015, was then gained by Labour in 2017. 5535: 5357: 5272: 5139: 5060:

Endorsed voting against the Conservatives and for candidates opposing austerity and a hard Brexit.

4951: 3432: 3347: 3194:

The party proposed raising income tax by 1p to fund the NHS and maintaining the triple-lock on the

2843:. On 11 May the Conservatives promised above-inflation increases in defence spending alongside its 2565: 2159: 1978: 1662:

of Parliament (for the election to take place on 8 June) and official start of 'short' campaigning

1534:

announced she would seek an election on 8 June, despite previously ruling out an early election. A

1010: 29448: 28485:"Tilting Towards the Cosmopolitan Axis? Political Change in England and the 2017 General Election" 28189: 26438: 24648: 19172: 17072:"Tim Farron: Early general election offers voters chance to 'change the direction of our country'" 8624: 3283:), Nuttall insisted voters would return to UKIP in the general election. On 8 May UKIP proposed a 32442: 32426: 32320: 31870: 31691: 31379: 29731: 29711: 29689: 29678: 26945: 26013: 25232: 25044:"Voice of The Sunday Mirror: We need a PM with a common touch... and it's not wobbly Theresa May" 23179:"Revealed: The 'hit list' of Pro-EU Tory MPs the Lib Dems are targeting in Brexit election purge" 22065:"Are the media biased against Jeremy Corbyn? Just look at how Theresa May's policies are covered" 18745: 18116:"Gerry Adams confirms Sinn Féin will not swear allegiance to the Queen to take Westminster seats" 18023:"George Galloway's Respect Party deregisters, prompting speculation politician may rejoin Labour" 17684: 17652: 16245: 16232: 15953: 15929: 15842:

had advised against); the control of the campaign by a small team of May's joint chiefs of staff

15147: 15113: 15055: 15040: 13611: 13596: 11921: 11490: 11460: 11371: 11351: 9655: 9532: 9153: 9079: 8480: 8440: 8103: 8023: 7719: 7655: 7406: 7348: 7103: 7045: 6923: 6736: 6701: 6666: 6629: 6449: 6414: 6377: 6267: 6232: 6197: 6120: 6078: 6001: 5819: 5478: 5193: 5170: 5147: 5079: 5034: 4982: 4959: 4816: 4793: 4725: 4702: 4040: 3499: 3489: 3056: 2931: 2912: 2911:

for infrastructure, rules to prevent foreign takeovers of "critical national infrastructure" and

2883: 1941:, the SNP stands only in Scotland; it won 56 of the 59 Scottish seats in 2015. UKIP, then led by 1850: 1571: 1120: 1110: 950: 929:), whereas the Labour Party made a net gain of 30 seats with 40.0% (its highest vote share since 847: 753: 738: 698:

A map of UK parliamentary constituencies, with each winner's constituency, percentage of victory.

241: 231: 20457:"David Cameron's former aide Steve Hilton calls on Theresa May to resign over terror 'failures'" 17763: 32514: 32315: 32018: 31515: 31131: 29741: 25982: 25910: 25892: 25874: 25856: 25822: 25785: 25764: 25743: 25702: 25677: 25659: 25638: 25620: 25572: 25547: 25524: 25469: 25442: 25419: 25401: 25380: 25352: 25345:

D. Deacon et al., 'A tale of two leaders: news media coverage of the 2017 General Election' in

25186: 20815:"Jeremy Corbyn heckled by debate audience for refusing to say if he would fire nuclear weapons" 18053: 17960:"British Communist party will not field any candidates and throws support behind Jeremy Corbyn" 15965: 15755: 15122: 15079: 15049: 15010: 13606: 11931: 11480: 11381: 11089: 10393: 9907: 9614: 9190: 8960: 8949: 8945: 8781: 8500: 8136: 7746: 7430: 7127: 6624: 6484: 6372: 5854: 3821: 3504: 3188: 2925: 2836: 2606: 2085: 2069: 1919: 1125: 954: 509: 28768:"Almost two-thirds of Conservative Party members want Theresa May to resign as Prime Minister" 26734:"Commons Treasury Select Committee chair Andrew Tyrie to leave Parliament at general election" 24746: 24197:"Theresa May admits regret over skipping 2017 election TV debates as she swipes at Brexiteers" 18344:"Our CCHQ election audit: the rusty machine, part two. How and why the ground campaign failed" 17846: 16718: 2571:

Major political parties also suspended campaigning for a second time on 4 June, following the

2236:

as an independent in protest against the form of the Government's chosen expert's recommended

1821: 32347: 31644: 31102: 29896: 29862: 29828: 26064:"Labour MPs announce they are standing down as Theresa May calls for a snap general election" 25695:

M. Moore and G. Ramsay, 'Caught in the middle: the BBC's impossible impartiality dilemma' in

23771:"Ukip frontbencher quits over 'burka ban' as Paul Nuttall says policy came from Ukip members" 18833: 16427: 16224: 15764: 15759: 15016: 13616: 11936: 10355: 9986: 9696: 8924: 8558: 8235: 7827: 7502: 7199: 5911: 5570:

election indicates a decline in the influence of print media, and/or that in 2017's election

5566: 5527: 4620: 4387: 3519: 3385:

special with May and Corbyn separately answering questions from voters on 2 June, chaired by

3360:

hosted an election programme on 29 May where May and Corbyn were individually interviewed by

2999: 2908: 2802:, the campaign manager for the Conservatives in the 2015 general election, as well as former 2792: 2730: 2625: 2597: 2460: 2022: 1435: 1160: 992: 962: 862: 31234:

Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?

27790:"General Election analysis: The maps and charts that show how Theresa May lost her majority" 27435: 27284: 27201: 26653: 25961:

General election: Only five out of top 100 most-shared stories on social media were pro-Tory

21052:"Theresa May tells Nicola Sturgeon 'now is not the time' for second independence referendum" 19723: 18741:"Simon Danczuk WILL stand to be an MP in the general election – as an independent candidate" 18610: 2859:, paid from the existing capital budget, offering funding to local authorities and changing 903:

after he resigned following Labour's failure to win the general election two years earlier.

899:

following his resignation as prime minister the previous summer, while Corbyn had succeeded

444: 31776: 31092: 26705: 26095:"Andy Burnham says he won't stand again as Leigh MP regardless of mayoral election outcome" 25296: 25245: 23989:"Everything you need to know about the upcoming general election TV debates and interviews" 22934:"Labour Changes Its Benefits Freeze Policy Four Times in Five Hours After Manifesto Launch" 20083: 15754:

on 14 June would delay finalisation of an agreement. On 15 June, it was announced that the

11882: 10825: 10709: 10592: 10232: 8867: 5603: 5580: 5456: 5352: 5318: 5162: 3214: 3206: 3173: 2892: 2872: 2832:

said that despite evidence of inaccurate spending returns, no further action was required.

2445: 1439: 1398: 981: 27505:"Spreadex UK General Election Update, 7th June 2017 | Spreadex | Financial Spread Betting" 24020:"BBC announces new dates for Andrew Neil Interviews postponed by Manchester terror attack" 19693: 19637: 19451: 18151: 16861:"Alexander Horne and Richard Kelly: Prerogative powers and the Fixed-term Parliaments Act" 16569: 5438:, one of the Conservatives favoured issues, was barely mentioned; and right-wing websites 2970:, that the residence rights of EU nationals would be guaranteed and that the principle of 8: 31979: 31974: 31310: 31300: 31184: 29820: 29801: 27092:"Spreadex UK General Election Update 17th May 2017 | Spreadex | Financial Spread Betting" 25462:

J. Firmstone, 'Newspapers' editorial opinions: stuck between a rock and a hard place' in

23149:"Tim Farron: 'If you want to prevent hard Brexit then the Lib Dems have a clear message'" 20545:"Theresa May To Create New Internet That Would Be Controlled And Regulated By Government" 17789: 17076: 16397: 16049: 15768: 15751: 15630: 15611: 14840: 14805: 8367:

announced an estimate for the election result. He updated it at intervals on his website.

5607: 5586: 5468: 5363: 5267: 4785: 4375: 3964: 3563: 3145: 2971: 2896: 2791:

only explicitly ruled out raising VAT. May reiterated her commitment to spending 0.7% of

2743: 2708: 2593: 2112:

in 5, while an additional 79 candidates stood for 46 other registered political parties.

2053: 1982: 1597: 1394: 1273: 1021: 998: 858: 24527:"VOTE MAY OR WE FACE DISASTER: It's time for patriotic realism NOT socialist indulgence" 21536:"Tories accused of contempt for media after Cornish journalists get 'restricted' access" 19355: 18520: 17587: 17258:"By The Queen a Proclamation for Declaring the calling of a New Parliament Elizabeth R." 17197: 16665: 6812:

chose not to contest a Westminster seat, nor did former Labour MP and shadow chancellor

1469:

by midnight twelve working days before polling day (22 May). Anyone who qualified as an

31806: 31218: 31107: 29540: 28440:"UK general election 2017: Trump offers 'warm support' to Theresa May – as it happened" 26680:"Michelle Thomson Will Step Down As An MP After The SNP Ruled She Can't Stand For Them" 25725: 25565:'Strong and stable' to 'weak and wobbly': Tory campaign, media reaction and GE2017' in 24709:"The Guardian view on the election in Scotland: a chance to puncture May's complacency" 21598:"Theresa May scheduled the general election to distract from expenses scandal, say MPs" 19325:"A British GP is trying to take down Jeremy Hunt and left-wing parties are backing her" 16639: 16175: 16032: 15867: 8968: 8871: 8370: 5516: 5026: 4141: 3397:. The BBC also hosted two back-to-back episodes of a special election programme titled 3284: 3106:

Launching its manifesto officially on 16 May, Labour revealed it would nationalise the

2990: 2291:

Those ministers defeated in 2015 who stood for election in their former seats included

2237: 2057: 2034: 1089: 28362:"2017 general election result sees record number of female MPs voted in to Parliament" 27970: 27737: 26280: 25585:

Broadcast impartiality rule has helped Labour to achieve biggest poll shift since 1945

25221:

National News Media Coverage of the 2017 General Election: Report 4: 5 May—7 June 2017

21566:"Local journalists furious after Theresa May shuts them out of Cornwall factory visit" 18245: 16825:"Since the election was called, 1.1 million young people have registered to vote" 32332: 32110: 31605: 31520: 31305: 31213: 29919:

Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire Scottish Parliament by-election (held on same day)

29721: 28943:"How will the Northern Irish power-sharing be affected by the Tory-DUP 'friendship'?" 26890: 25316: 25265: 24716: 24324:"General Election 2017 TV debates: Times, dates and everything else you need to know" 24163:"Jeremy Corbyn to make last minute BBC debate appearance despite Theresa May boycott" 23648:"General election 2017: Lib Dems promise £100-a-week for entrepreneurs' living costs" 22266:"Jeremy Corbyn celebrates St George's Day by vowing to create four new bank holidays" 20970: 19214: 19087: 18961: 18649: 17704: 17672: 16325: 16318:"Theresa May announces snap general election on June 8 to 'make a success of Brexit'" 16235:

in 2014. He left UKIP in 2017 to sit as an independent, and chose not to stand again.

16115: 15941: 15887: 15847: 15649: 15088: 15072: 13601: 11926: 11470: 11361: 10670: 9573: 9116: 9041: 8460: 8070: 7692: 7382: 7079: 6771: 6589: 6554: 6519: 6337: 6302: 6155: 6036: 5966: 5931: 5784: 5749: 5714: 5679: 5558: 5117: 5102: 4906: 4839: 4748: 4600: 3494: 3044: 3014: 2942:

The Conservative Party manifesto at the 2017 general election proposed repealing the

2876: 2821: 2665: 2093: 1854: 1115: 888: 236: 196: 29057: 28875: 28825: 28458: 28420: 28308: 28138: 27918: 27763: 27651: 24131: 23677: 23590: 23560: 23504: 23444: 23117: 22996: 22902: 22872: 22780: 22749: 22719: 22625: 22325: 22235: 22099: 22033: 21971: 21934: 21901: 21871: 21841: 21811: 21750: 20935: 20577:"Tories want to 'regulate' the internet with greater control of Facebook and Google" 20516: 20392: 20291: 20194: 19873: 19843: 19667: 18774:"Tim Farron sacks Lib Dem candidate for 'deeply offensive and antisemitic' comments" 5430:

complained that the audience at the BBC run leaders' debate was pro-Corbyn, and the

5002:

The Conservative Party were endorsed by 80% of UK national Sunday newspaper market.

3191:, Farron affirmed that he believed neither being gay nor having gay sex are sinful. 2405:

spreadsheet to keep the Conservatives out of government went viral on social media.

1381:. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the 32353: 32178: 32105: 32062: 32045: 31789: 31537: 31325: 29789: 29202:"How May's aides seized control of the Tory election campaign to calamitous effect" 28542: 28499: 27715:"Election results in line with YouGov and exit poll predictions of hung parliament" 27382: 27254: 27140: 27041: 25308: 25257: 25138: 20161:"Lib Dem leader Tim Farron responds to Theresa May's general election announcement" 15669: 15660: 15634: 15061: 15022: 14005: 11167: 9746: 9346: 8912: 8899: 8657:

correctly predicted a hung parliament after employing "controversial" methodology.

6934:

LOESS graph of opinion polling for the 2017 election. Final point is actual result.

6716: 6604: 6282: 5834: 5599: 5595: 5496: 5493: 5185: 4564: 4415: 4353: 4262: 3628: 3545: 3428: 3410: 3323: 3257: 3176:, a Labour MP from 1997 to 2010, announced he would support the Liberal Democrats. 2868: 2863:

rules. The following day May promised "a new deal for workers" that would maintain

2840: 2765: 2448:

contested just three constituencies. The Liberal Democrats agreed to stand down in

2199: 2120: 2006: 1966: 1954: 1548: 958: 680: 669: 658: 410: 399: 388: 181: 132: 29215: 29187: 29161: 29135: 29109: 28920: 28861: 28839: 28438:

Phipps, Claire; Sparrow, Andrew; Weaver, Matthew; Rawlinson, Kevin (9 June 2017).

28257: 27996: 27807: 27004: 26915: 26823: 26601: 26575: 25652:

C. Beckett, 'Did broadcast stage-management create a vacuum for social media?' in

25074:"Voice of the People: Beware bucket shop Boudicca May as voters head to the polls" 23795: 23647: 23530: 23474: 23411: 23303: 23273: 22505: 22446: 22416: 22295: 22205: 21720: 21690: 21660: 21473: 21258: 20782: 20025: 19607: 19575: 19279: 18679: 18580: 18439:"Steve Rotheram will STAND DOWN as Walton MP – leaving just 5 days to replace him" 18313: 17902: 17319: 17166: 17007: 16981: 3221:. On 16 May the Liberal Democrats proposed an entrepreneurs' allowance, to review 3103:

over a five-year parliament, including £10bn on IT upgrades and building repairs.

2546:, areas traditionally seen as Labour heartlands. Initially scheduled for 4 May, a 846:

to be held on a day that did not coincide with any local elections. The governing

32468: 32300: 31926: 31703: 31510: 29838: 29814: 29735: 29396: 29242:"Exposed: Russian Twitter bots tried to swing general election for Jeremy Corbyn" 28367: 28284:"How Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi Became UK's First Turbaned Sikh Member of Parliament" 27630: 27457: 27357:"UK General Election Update, 31st May 2017 | Spreadex | Financial Spread Betting" 27306: 26973: 25721: 25615: 25591: 25375: 25227: 24967: 24934: 24251: 24232: 22161: 21505:"Reporters 'locked in room and banned from filming' on Theresa May factory visit" 21022:"Scotland's leader Sturgeon seeks independence referendum in bid to remain in EU" 20062: 17379:"Conduct guidance for General Election, 8 June 2017: Written statement – HCWS605" 16829: 16700: 16057: 15811: 15780: 15750:, scheduled for 19 June, could be delayed. DUP sources informed the BBC that the 15716: 15712: 15688:

In a post-election reshuffle carried out on 11 June, May promoted her close ally

14910: 11887: 10789: 10631: 10113: 9660: 9479: 9161: 8929: 8797: 8638: 6352: 6051: 5575: 5551: 5547: 5230: 4894: 4845: 4808: 4455: 4316: 4075: 3881: 3755: 3660: 3230: 3127: 2904: 2413:, set out plans to tour marginal constituencies in support of pro-EU candidates. 2402: 2393:

were formed to promote candidates of similar views standing for election, and a "

2195: 2089: 2077: 1990: 1958: 1938: 1544: 1500: 1483: 1390: 910:

an election had not been due until May 2020, but Prime Minister May's call for a

706: 459: 221: 26145:"Douglas Carswell quits as an MP and says he will vote Tory in general election" 22538: 16393:"After shocking British vote result, Europe ponders fate of Brexit negotiations" 16111: 2616:

The Conservative manifesto committed the party to leaving the single market and

2550:

was cancelled; the seat was contested on 8 June along with all the other seats.

32389: 32337: 32305: 32013: 31921: 31801: 31696: 31676: 31611: 31315: 31290: 30031: 29856: 29846: 29842: 29785: 29410:

Forward, Together: Our Plan for a Stronger Britain and a More Prosperous Future

29293:"Russia Twitter bots rallied for Labour during general election, report claims" 28681:"Theresa May should resign following disastrous Tory election, says Tim Farron" 26766:"Election 2017: Hornchurch and Upminster MP Dame Angela Watkinson to step down" 26467:"Fiona McTaggart stands down as Labour MP while Jeremy Corbyn gives key speech" 26199:"Jim Dowd becomes eighth Labour MP to call time on Commons career | LabourList" 25921: 25801:

UK election: How influential are newspaper endorsements in today's digital age?

23898: 23856: 18120: 17877:"Theresa May delays Queen's Speech as she grapples to lead minority government" 16756: 15879: 15851: 15736: 15732: 15705: 15678: 15096: 10241: 10237: 9950: 9742: 9350: 8754: 6930: 6499: 6394: 6093: 5981: 5946: 5729: 5405: 5297: 5071: 4624: 4608: 4522: 4391: 4108: 3782: 3693: 3386: 3210: 3021: 2936: 2888: 2241: 2180: 1962: 1458: 474: 166: 27610:"Two methods, one commitment: YouGov's polling and model at the 2017 election" 26851:"Arron Banks says he won't stand in Clacton at the general election after all" 23088:"Election 2017: SNP manifesto calls for referendum 'at end of Brexit process'" 22387:"Corbyn defends Diane Abbott after she stumbles over maths in interview gaffe" 21691:"General election 2017: Conservatives pledge to end mental health 'injustice'" 19418:"Ukip could 'hand Tories a landslide' by not fielding candidates in key seats" 18804:"Sacked David Ward to run as independent to 'clear name' in anti-Semitism row" 18710:"Ukip leader Paul Nuttall to stand in Boston and Skegness in General Election" 17527:"SDLP select press officer and post office manager to fight Westminster seats" 17257: 17225: 16889: 16463: 8385:

issued daily seat estimates using their aggregated statistical election model.

4863:

In Scotland: supported opposition to the Conservatives, either SNP or Labour.

1829:

Most candidates were representatives of a political party registered with the

32483: 32384: 32374: 32276:

UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Legal Continuity) (Scotland) Bill 2018

32183: 31500: 29755: 29725: 28024:"Unseated: the Sinn Féin MPs whose absence strengthens May's hand in Commons" 26894: 26001: 25964: 25940: 25838: 25394:

S. Banaji, 'Young people and propaganda in the wake of the 2017 election' in

25320: 25312: 25269: 25261: 24971: 24939: 24720: 24511: 23475:"General election 2017: Lib Dems pledge winter fuel cuts to protect pensions" 22069: 22003:"May signals break with Thatcherism in manifesto for 'country and community'" 20633: 19218: 19091: 18965: 18653: 18642:"'I get angry when I'm patronised': the teenagers standing for UK parliament" 17382: 16595: 16329: 16093:

prior to the collapse of the Assembly. The party's leader in the Commons was

16065: 16056:. Before the election, the SNP delegation to the House of Commons was led by 15839: 15807: 15724: 15653: 15033: 14630: 11886:

The disproportionality of parliament in the 2017 election was 6.45 using the

9789: 9578: 9422: 9235: 9124: 8859: 6569: 5473: 5462: 5415: 5369: 5335: 5301: 5284: 5252: 5234: 5222: 5094: 4873: 4848:

against the Conservatives, including votes for Liberal Democrats and Greens.

4694: 4511: 4466: 4444: 4433: 4169: 4064: 3899: 3845: 3766: 3744: 3733: 3361: 3131: 3068: 2799: 2700: 2352: 2225: 2176: 2144: 1986: 1970: 1894: 1870: 1555: 1540: 1524: 984: 911: 896: 892: 494: 216: 29373:

House of Commons Briefings: General Election 2017: Full Results and Analysis

28503: 28073:"The youth for today: how the 2017 election changed the political landscape" 26524:"EXCLUSIVE: Former SNP MP Natalie McGarry will not contest general election" 25981:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25909:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25891:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25873:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25855:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25821:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25784:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25763:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25742:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25701:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25676:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25658:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25637:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25619:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25571:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25546:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25523:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25468:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25441:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25418:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25400:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25379:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25351:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25185:(June 2017). The Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture and Community, 25179:

S. Cushion, 'Conventional wisdom distorted TV news coverage of campaign' in

24778:"It's your vote – so think about the values you support, not just the party" 24244: 24225: 21108:"Labour stuck in EU muddle as leaders fail to agree on single market policy" 16356:"Confidence and Supply Agreement between the Conservative Party and the DUP" 3389:. Sturgeon and Farron were expected to do the same on 4 June, but after the 32359: 31936: 31847: 31681: 31594: 29886: 29832: 29000:"Labour antisemitism investigation will not be sent to equality commission" 26629:"Oxford East MP Andrew Smith to retire from politics after almost 30 years" 25948: 25435:

S. Barnett, 'Is our national press a fading dinosaur? Don't bank on it' in

23961: 23865: 21171:"Lewis Baston: Those predicting Conservative hegemony should remember 1992" 21087: 19547: 19543:"Richmond Park byelection: Tory Brexit voters switched to us, say Lib Dems" 19246:"Labour and Lib Dems reject Greens' call for electoral pact against Tories" 19148:"Tim Farron rules out Lib Dem-Labour pact because of 'toxic' Jeremy Corbyn" 18216:"Here is every single 2017 general election candidate in a plain text list" 17816:"General Election 2017 – Public Accounts Commission – News from Parliament" 17139: 15843: 15797: 15697: 15689: 15677:

showed 49% of people wanting her resignation, with 38% against. On 11 June

15645: 15162:

List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2017 United Kingdom general election

15140: 14875: 14700: 10556: 10196: 9701: 8916: 8805: 8793: 8698: 8642: 6793:

announced that he would not stand, saying he could be more effective as an

6790: 6681: 6429: 6212: 6170: 6135: 5764: 5571: 5411: 5347: 5341: 5314: 5248: 5244: 5049: 4912: 4831: 4740: 4575: 4273: 4119: 3910: 3715: 3704: 3574: 3269: 3245: 3002: 2994: 2986: 2959: 2806: 2641: 2558: 2554: 2390: 2382: 2364: 2336: 2316: 2217: 1950: 1942: 1574: 1567: 1454: 1389:. If the election results in no single party having a majority, there is a 933:

and its highest increase in vote share between two general elections since

29761: 26883:"Plaid Cymru leader Leanne Wood defends decision not to stand in election" 25975:

A. Chadwick, 'Corbyn, Labour, digital media, and the 2017 UK election' in

24588:"Help Jeremy Corbyn kick the Tories into touch – Voice of the Mirror" 23739:"Ukip calls for mandatory FGM examinations for all 'at risk' school girls" 22154: 19080:"Greens call for electoral pact with Labour and Lib Dems to defeat Tories" 16433:"After three decades of splintering, two-party politics is back – sort of" 15874:

revealed that 6,500 Russian Twitter accounts, at least many of which were

15723:

changed roles, while eleven cabinet members including key figures such as

15663:

readers found that almost two-thirds of Conservative Party members wanted

13582:

polling after the election suggested the following demographic breakdown:

11907:

polling after the election suggested the following demographic breakdown:

11530: 11401: 9825: 9264: 5896: 5631: 4612: 4379: 2014: 1681:(these were already scheduled, and were not part of the general election) 1135: 977: 519: 32449: 32342: 32173: 29866: 29775: 29771: 29765: 29715: 29685: 29674: 28740: 28593: 27834:"Lib Dems' night of mixed fortunes as Clegg loses seat but Cable returns" 24619:"A Corbyn government would be a calamity – everything else is just noise" 23707: 22569:"Labour manifesto leak: Renationalise rail, buses, energy and Royal Mail" 21259:"General election 2017: Corbyn attacks Tories over 'super-sized' classes" 20753:"Corbyn refuses to back Trident but says he will respect Labour position" 20661:"Tim Farron warns of win for terrorists if web is made surveillance tool" 20321: 18551:"Tory grandee Ken Clarke to stand down in 2020 after 50 years in Commons" 18465:"SNP rules not to endorse two sitting MPs as general election candidates" 18085:"Sinn Féin MP says party will always boycott Westminster, despite report" 17040:"Jeremy Corbyn has responded to Theresa May's call for an early election" 16094: 15823: 15720: 15664: 13626: 11540: 11411: 10073: 9991: 9871: 9866: 9830: 9537: 9387: 9309: 9301: 9272: 9087: 8972: 8726: 8520: 8169: 7773: 7454: 7151: 6809: 6798: 6751: 5799: 5591: 5492:, suggested the BBC was biased in favour of the Conservatives. The BBC's 5488: 5446: 5419: 5401: 5327: 5276: 5260: 5218: 4616: 4533: 4383: 4367: 4251: 4158: 4097: 3937: 3834: 3682: 3601: 3509: 3422: 3418: 3343: 3331: 3234: 2715:

argued that social care was the single issue that cost May her majority.

2712: 2661: 2645: 2535: 2437: 2406: 2398: 2386: 2292: 1946: 1900: 1886: 1610: 1531: 1268: 1140: 1084: 969: 900: 854: 749: 734: 499: 211: 27879:"General election 2017: Sturgeon says Indyref2 'a factor' in SNP losses" 27808:"Election results 2017: Tories take Mansfield after a century of Labour" 26916:"Election 2017: Which MPs are standing down, and who might be standing?" 25849:

D. Lilleker, 'Like me, share me: the people's social media campaign' in

25295:

Gerbaudo, Paolo; Marogna, Federico; Alzetta, Chiara (11 November 2019).

25244:

Gerbaudo, Paolo; Marogna, Federico; Alzetta, Chiara (11 November 2019).

21206:"Theresa May attacks 'progressive alliance' of SNP, Lib Dems and Labour" 20879:"George Osborne attacks 'badly thought through' Tory social care policy" 18680:"Election 2017: Which MPs are standing down, and who might be standing?" 15767:, and indicated that policies such as the state pension triple lock and 8854:

to the DUP). With the Alliance Party failing to win any seats or regain

1989:, which had previously held seats, was dissolved in 2016; its former MP 1020:

The outcome of the election would have significant implications for the

32418: 31660: 29876: 29745: 29622: 28826:"General election 2017: Theresa May is 'best placed person' for Brexit" 25715:

Ian Hislop points out awkward questions about BBC bias while on the BBC

24102:"Labour and Tory leaders interviewed by Jeremy Paxman – as it happened" 23334:"The Lib Dems' big election fightback has been hit by one huge problem" 22812:"Labour reveals 'fat cat' tax pledge aimed at reining in excessive pay" 21935:"General election 2017: Workers' rights protections promised by Tories" 20336:"Theresa May calls for global internet regulation to prevent terrorism" 20226:"May puts Manchester attack at heart of election with attack on Corbyn" 19814:"Manchester Arena attack: Sturgeon holds emergency meeting after blast" 17653:"The Representation of the People (England and Wales) Regulations 2001" 16119: 15875: 15728: 14665: 11904: 10861: 10032: 9619: 9198: 8964: 8904: 8784:

became the largest unionist party in Scotland for the first time since

8746: 8406: 6317: 5531: 5512: 5483: 5375: 5226: 4717: 4632: 4498: 4399: 4327: 4086: 4053: 3813: 3671: 3637: 3425:. The party leaders were individually questioned by a studio audience. 3373: 3369: 3253: 3184: 3048: 2561:

stressed the importance of education, housing, communities and health.

2463:. Rather than engaging in a formal pact, the DUP agreed not to contest 2421: 2308: 2260: 1931: 1924: 1559: 1017:; thus, national security became a prominent issue in its final weeks. 489: 32255:

UK Withdrawal from the European Union (Continuity) (Scotland) Act 2020

29535: 29384: 28796:"48% think Theresa May should step down as Prime Minister, poll shows" 28050:"22 million votes didn't have any impact in the general election" 27166:"Ashcroft Model update: absent UKIP, and Labour's enthusiasm question" 23825: 22997:"General election 2017: Len McCluskey 'now optimistic Labour can win'" 22966:"Labour finally admit they would not end four-year freeze on benefits" 22781:"General election 2017: Labour 'plans water industry nationalisation'" 22476: 22417:"General election 2017: Labour rules out tax rises for 95% of earners" 21902:"General election 2017: Tory housing plan 'paid from existing budget'" 21842:"General election: Conservatives pledge above-inflation defence rises" 20487:"Jeremy Corbyn backs calls for Theresa May to resign over police cuts" 19783: 19754:"Archbishops of Canterbury and York raise election concerns in letter" 19049:"Gina Miller to launch tactical voting initiative against hard Brexit" 18867: 2764:

the phrase "coalition of chaos". Similar messages against a potential

32369: 32310: 31495: 29322: 26498:"Wolverhampton MP Rob Marris will NOT stand in 2017 General Election" 25540:

Aljosha Karim Schapals, 'The UK digisphere and the 2017 election' in

23591:"General election 2017: Lib Dems would end public sector pay squeeze" 21353: 21083:"Nicola Sturgeon hints independence off agenda after SNP loses seats" 15900: 15855: 15130: 14945: 10745: 9027: 8398: 6464: 6016: 5611: 5562: 5508: 5504: 5440: 5306: 4974: 4293: 3817: 3808: 3720: 3365: 3357: 3025: 2851: 2494: 2240:. He had served as the seat's Conservative MP between 2010 and 2016. 31261:

European Union Referendum (Date of Referendum etc.) Regulations 2016

29389: 27482: 27334: 22357:"Labour will put 10,000 extra police on streets, vows Jeremy Corbyn" 20723:"Theresa May says she will rip up human rights laws to fight terror" 20261:"Jeremy Corbyn 'right to blame terror attacks on UK foreign policy'" 20098:"'This is your chance,' Lib Dems tell voters opposed to Hard Brexit" 20055: 19207:"Tim Farron's pledge to voters: Lib Dems won't make coalition deals" 18954:"Ukip donor Arron Banks says he has quit party to set up 'Ukip 2.0'" 16694:

Electoral Commission: Deadline for registration ahead of an election

8979:

MPs who are known to be disabled were elected in 2017 than in 2015.

2191:, leaving five days to appoint a candidate by close of nominations. 1393:. In this case, the options for forming the Government are either a 693: 31666: 28395:"The UK just elected a record number of LGBTQ people to Parliament" 27997:"Election results 2017: DUP and Sinn Féin celebrate election gains" 27861:"SNP braced to lose up to 12 seats amid anti-independence backlash" 26800: 26363: 24354:"Sky News to host Theresa May and Jeremy Corbyn in live TV special" 24080:"Sky News to host Theresa May and Jeremy Corbyn in live TV special" 23861:"Theresa May rules out participating in TV debates before election" 22873:"Labour manifesto: Income tax to increase for earners over £80,000" 22720:"General election 2017: 'Robin Hood tax' on City pledged by Labour" 22296:"General election 2017: Labour pledges to build 1 m new homes" 19608:"Tories in historic by-election Copeland win as Labour holds Stoke" 19580: 19512:"General election 2017: 'Anti-Brexit' pact chances slim, says SDLP" 19280:"Tactical voting: The early signs it could really take off in 2017" 15775: 10431: 8734: 8418: 8009: 7641: 7031: 6813: 5256: 3804: 3353: 3156:

Central themes of the Liberal Democrat campaign were an offer of a

3052: 2826:

campaign spending by the Conservatives in the 2015 general election

2734: 2501:

in December 2016. In by-elections on 23 February 2017, Labour held

2300: 1891:

referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union

28190:"Youth turnout at general election highest in 25 years, data show" 27945:"General election 2017: SNP lose a third of seats amid Tory surge" 23954: 23028:"Union leader's comments overshadow £50bn Labour manifesto pledge" 22903:"Labour manifesto 2017: What has changed from the draft document?" 22206:"General Election 2017: Labour's 'day one' pledge to EU nationals" 20692:"UK's May says ready to curb human rights laws to fight extremism" 20322:"London attack: Theresa May says enough is enough after seven die" 20129:"Green Party leader Caroline Lucas calls for second EU referendum" 19173:"Liberal Democrats rule out coalition with Jeremy Corbyn's Labour" 18275:"General election 2017: Scottish Greens to field three candidates" 17287:"Timetable for the UK Parliamentary general election: 8 June 2017" 10024: 9942: 9034:

After all 650 constituencies had been declared, the results were:

1377:

of the United Kingdom elects one MP to the House of Commons using

31671: 28741:"Nick Timothy and Fiona Hill quit No 10 after election criticism" 27696:"How YouGov's experimental poll correctly called the UK election" 27229: 27118: 27027: 24558:"Which parties are the UK press backing in the general election?" 23796:"General election 2017: Voters will return to UKIP, says Nuttall" 22750:"General election 2017: Labour pledges £37bn for the NHS by 2022" 22626:"General election 2017: Corbyn says task is to keep Britain safe" 21972:"Conservative manifesto: Theresa May targets mainstream Britain'" 21474:"'Strong and stable' – Why politicians keep repeating themselves" 20026:"General election 2017: UKIP needed to stop Brexit 'backsliding'" 19935:"Theresa May calls for general election to secure Brexit mandate" 18889: 5511:; on the final day of the election the BBC acknowledged that the 5310: 4591: 4420: 4358: 4218: 4214: 3886: 3550: 3414: 3402: 3339: 3280: 3261: 3213:. Farron proposed financial incentives for graduates joining the 2718: 2162:

in target seats were offered a choice of three candidates by the

28335:"British politician becomes the first MP of Palestinian descent" 24841:"Who are the national newspapers back in General Election 2017?" 24406:"UTV election debate: Nigel Dodds to deputise for Arlene Foster" 23505:"General election 2017: Lib Dems' 50,000 Syrian refugees pledge" 23210:"Lib Dems target Brexit-backing Labour MP Kate Hoey in Vauxhall" 18992:"Everyone Is Sharing This 'How To Stop The Tories' Voting Guide" 17764:"Electoral Registration and Administration Act 2013, Section 19" 9734: 2733:

referendum was also thought likely to influence the campaign in

2564:

All parties suspended campaigning for a time in the wake of the

31154: 29806: 27678:"YouGov's poll predicting a hung parliament is certainly brave" 26359:"Alan Johnson set to stand down as MP for Hull West and Hessle" 22506:"General election 2017: Labour and Lib Dems pledge school cash" 18314:"General election 2017: Can parties select candidates in time?" 15882:

dismissed the claims as "ludicrous", "farcical" and a "classic

15810:

became the new SNP leader in Westminster on 14 June, following

13579: 11012: 10065: 8933: 8654: 8382: 5619: 5615: 5451: 2589: 1953:

in 2016, won 12.7% of the vote in 2015 but gained only one MP,

1689:

Deadline (4pm) for the delivery of candidate nomination papers

1006: 915: 32281:

European Union Withdrawal Agreement (Public Vote) Bill 2017–19

28637:"How Britain voted at the 2017 general election | YouGov" 27652:"Election 2017: Exit poll predicts Tories to be largest party" 26329:"Aldershot MP Sir Gerald Howarth not standing for re-election" 22596:"Brexit And Immigration Message Toughened in Labour Manifesto" 21782:"Tories accused of stealing Labour's energy price cap promise" 21751:"General election 2017: PM vows to end 'rip-off' energy bills" 21413:"May Chases an Early U.K. Election in Gamble for Brexit Unity" 20992:"Scottish parliament votes for second independence referendum" 20608:"Theresa May: Internet must be regulated to prevent terrorism" 18521:"Zac Goldsmith wins Conservative nomination for Richmond Park" 18375:"Labour party to hold emergency selections for constituencies" 28921:"Conservatives agree pact with DUP to support May government" 28106:

Holder, Josh; Barr, Caelainn; Kommenda, Niko (19 June 2017).

24254:. BBC. Uploaded online on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017. 24235:. BBC. Uploaded online on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017. 24132:"BBC debate: Theresa May defends no-show after Corbyn U-turn" 23708:"General election 2017: UKIP manifesto to pledge a burka ban" 20783:"General Election 2017: Lib Dems to keep 'nuclear deterrent'" 17933:"Cornish party Mebyon Kernow not contesting General Election" 16003:

Results breakdown of the 2017 United Kingdom general election

11050: 10313: 8959:

Newly elected MPs included Britain's first turbaned Sikh MP,

8612:

Results breakdown of the 2017 United Kingdom general election

3006: 1580:

On 25 April, the election date was confirmed as 8 June, with

1558:

supported the early election, as did Liberal Democrat leader

32147:

Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union

29110:"Paddick quits Lib Dem frontbench over Tim Farron's 'views'" 28568:"Number of known 2017 General Election candidates per party" 28437: 28108:"Young voters, class and turnout: how Britain voted in 2017" 25670:

J. G. Blumler, 'Looking on the bright side for a change' in

22326:"Diane Abbott says she 'misspoke' on Labour's police policy" 21348:"May takes on the right with commitment to foreign aid" 17588:"Representation of the People Act 1983, Schedule 1, Rule 28" 17135:"SNP abstain as MPs vote in favour of snap General Election" 10974: 10188: 10149: 6826:

Opinion polling for the 2017 United Kingdom general election

3275:

Despite losing all 145 of the seats it was defending in the

2879:

criticised the government's past record on workers' rights.

1670:

Royal Proclamation was issued summoning a new UK Parliament

1032:

which would eventually bring about another general election

28876:"Theresa May and DUP deal could be delayed until next week" 26117:"Chelmsford MP Sir Simon Burns confirms he's standing down" 25867:

M. Shephard, 'Social media and the Corbyn breakthrough' in

25804: 23618:"Lib Dems promise to scrap mass snooping powers if elected" 23304:"General election 2017: Lib Dem raise £500,000 in 48 hours" 21872:"General election 2017: May says she won't duck challenges" 20936:"Conservative manifesto: Social care plans spark criticism" 20634:"London attack: PM's condemnation of tech firms criticised" 20367:"Corbyn demands end to police cuts after Manchester attack" 18581:"General election campaigning begins as MPs back June poll" 17790:"Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010, Section 48" 15890:

funding the Tory party – let's have an inquiry into that."

11500: 10935: 10781: 5859: 4145: 2844: 29058:"Election results 2017: Paul Nuttall quits as UKIP leader" 28258:"General election 2017: Brexit dominated voters' thoughts" 26824:"General Election 2017: Nigel Farage won't stand as an MP" 26439:"Northampton Town loan: MP David Mackintosh to stand down" 26413:"Redditch MP Karen Lumley to stand down due to ill health" 25231:(2017). Centre for Research in Communication and Culture, 25104:"Vote Conservative for an independent, prosperous Britain" 23274:"Lib Dem membership tops 100,000 after snap election call" 22477:"General election: Labour 'would axe NHS parking charges'" 22034:"Conservative manifesto: Theresa May's 'mainstream' pitch" 21411:

Hutton, Robert; Morales, Alex; Ross, Tim (18 April 2017).

19996:"Theresa May on calling an early election: full statement" 19694:"Snap poll casts doubt over Manchester Gorton by-election" 19576:"Conservatives hold Sleaford as Labour pushed into fourth" 17685:"Representation of the People (Scotland) Regulations 2001" 17167:"UKIP says Theresa May's general election move is cynical" 16921:"Five times Theresa May ruled out a snap general election" 10548: 10509: 10274: 6976: 2520:

The general election came soon after the Northern Ireland

2171:

endorsed all parliamentary candidates on 3 May except for

1873:, who had been the leader of the Conservative Party since 32500:

General elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom

31123: 27971:"General Election 2017: Labour hails 'fantastic' results" 27738:"Election results 2017: Strong wins for Labour in London" 27064:"Election 2017: The Ashcroft Model – Lord Ashcroft Polls" 26281:"MP Pat Glass to stand down after 'bruising' EU campaign" 25978: