2017 Venezuelan protests

1088:, Venezuela's investigative agency, stating that "We are nationalists, patriots and institutionalists. This fight is not with the rest of the state forces, it is against the tyranny of this government". Hours after the video was released, Pérez is seen piloting a CICPC helicopter over the Supreme Court with a banner on the side reading "350 Liberty", a reference to Article 350 of the constitution which states that "The people of Venezuela ... shall disown any regime, legislation or authority that violates democratic values, principles and guarantees or encroaches upon human rights". While the helicopter was near the Supreme Court, gunfire was heard in the area. President Maduro stated that a military rebellion had occurred while opposition officials said that the actions were staged so Maduro could justify a crackdown on those who oppose his government and the constituent assembly. National Guardsmen then stormed the 642: 186: 322: 989:. In its original statement, Goldman stated that "We recognize that the situation is complex and evolving and that Venezuela is in crisis. We agree that life there has to get better, and we made the investment in part because we believe it will.". Venezuelan politicians and protesters in New York opposed to Maduro accused the bank of being of complicit of human rights abuses under the government and declared that the operation would fuel hunger in Venezuela by depriving the government of foreign exchange to import food, leading the securities to be dubbed "hunger bonds." The 1763: 302: 45: 2130: 475: 52: 2441: 792:, with the TSJ assuming legislative powers of the opposition-controlled National Assembly. Days later, the Supreme Court reversed its decision on 1 April, though the opposition argued that the juridic action was still a "coup". Protests following the constitutional crisis grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014". Weeks later on 14 April 2017, the opposition announced the "Grand March and Great Taking in All States", later known as the "Mother of All Marches", to take place on 19 April to "overflow" Caracas. 1288: 807: 962: 312: 1929: 339: 1746: 1434: 861:, a 23-year-old woman who was protesting. Later in the evening, a National Guardsman was killed south of Caracas, the first authority killed in the year's protests, with the day's deaths raising the death toll of the 2017 protests to at least 8 people. By 9:00 p.m., the Penal Forum stated that 521 Venezuelans had been arrested throughout the day, bringing the number of total arrests since the beginning of the year to over 1,000. Several media outlets stated "hundreds of thousands" participated while 1360: 1470: 2291:"has already signed a range of operations and as I said ... we could be at the beginning of a subversive urban war". Despite the objection by an attending general, Torrealba insisted that the snipers would scare protesters off the street, saying "it will only be us that pulls through because ... once people start to see dead bodies, and dead bodies begin to appear, then everyone will begin to stay at home ... You will remember my words, the armed forces are the ones that have to solve this problem". 1506: 74: 503: 494: 485: 284: 2252: 444: 435: 1632: 1398: 199: 2032: 1836: 1416: 1524: 1718: 1668: 1560: 1542: 1342: 63: 1956: 1650: 1614: 1324: 1686: 1452: 1596: 1306: 1157: 885:, Yibram Saab, uploaded a video on YouTube stating that he had protested that night and that "That could've been me!", condemning what he called "the brutal repression by the country's security forces", and pleading to his father saying "Dad, in this moment you have the power to end the injustice that has sunk this country. I ask you as your son and in the name of Venezuela, to whom you serve, that you reflect on the situation and do what you have to do". 1578: 1488: 140: 2487: 2206:, and was described by officials as "a joint strategic plan to respond to possible adverse events or foreign intervention that endangers the country's security". Antonio Benavides, commander of the Bolivarian National Guard, stated that the plan involved "the incorporation of the people to exercise the transition from normal social activity to the state of internal or external commotion", granting Bolivarian civilians the power to act as 2607:. On 11 May, Venezuelans in Spain surrounded a cultural center in Spain preventing Venezuelan ambassador Mario Isea from leaving, with Isea calling the action a "kidnapping". President Maduro compared the verbal confrontations with Bolivarian sympathizers abroad to the Nazi persecution of the Jews, stating "We are the Jews of the 21st century". The Confederation of Israelite Associations of Venezuela denounced Maduro's comparison to the 1378: 407: 398: 645: 644: 649: 648: 643: 650: 424: 894: 1201: 2240: 1937:

force and arbitrary detentions against demonstrators in Venezuela". "Witness accounts suggest that security forces, mainly the national guard, the national police and local police forces, have systematically used disproportionate force to instil fear, crush dissent and to prevent demonstrators from assembling, rallying and reaching public institutions to present petitions," the rights office said.

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all sixteen deaths attributed to firearms, while colectivos killed 2 individuals; all two resulting from firearms. Accidental and incidental deaths claimed 4 lives; two from an automobile accident with a barricade, two from being struck by a vehicle. Citizens of Barinas shot dead 1 member of the National Guard during the riots in the area in late-May.

1037:– began the day by demonstrating against Maduro's proposed constitutional changes. Following the death of Yorman Alí Bervecia and Jhon Alberto Quintero on 22 May, who were allegedly killed by the National Guard during the protests, citizens of Barinas began to riot. Individuals began to attack state institutions and buildings of the ruling 623:, with the intensity of protests increasing greatly throughout Venezuela following the decision. As April arrived, the protests grew "into the most combative since a wave of unrest in 2014" resulting from the crisis with hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protesting daily through the month and into May. After failing to prevent the July 704:(CNE) on May 2, 2016. By August 2016, the momentum to recall President Maduro appeared to be progressing as the CNE set a date for the second phase of collecting signatures. Though it made the schedule strenuous, stretching the process into 2017 made it impossible for the opposition to activate new presidential elections. 1925:, the national intelligence director, and Captain Siria Venero de Guerrero, the military attorney general, are responsible for the human rights violations and abuses performed by Venezuelan security forces during the protests. Venezuelan officials have praised authorities for their actions and denied any wrongdoing. 1159: 1164: 1162: 1158: 2379:... Local and international media have found it increasingly difficult to operate in Venezuela due to government obstruction. Police and armed pro-government gangs have detained, harassed and attacked journalists. Assaults have taken place in broad daylight, and pro-government gangs have stolen media equipment. 1163: 2507:

holders. Hacker @yosoyjsutin stated that the hackings were "for all the Venezuelans fallen during the last days of protests in Venezuela. Their deaths will not be in vain". Details hacked included "identities, telephone numbers, email accounts, Twitter and addresses among other personal descriptions"

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Local and international journalists covering the protests have been attacked, beaten, arrested and sprayed with tear gas, and have had their equipment confiscated and stolen. ... Journalists covering the story told the CPJ that the authorities have been firing tear gas into the crowds at close range.

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against protesters, explaining that sniper candidates must be chosen out of loyalty, telling the generals "to make preparations with those individuals that can serve as snipers, beginning with psychological and aptitude tests". He further explained the risk of civil war, stating that President Maduro

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office, the Barinas state PSUV headquarters and the La Concordia police station, where uniforms and firearms were stolen. Residents later turned their attention to the birthplace home of the late President Hugo Chávez, burning his childhood residence. Five statues of Chávez were also destroyed in the

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On 1 May 2017, hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans protested, attempting to march to various government buildings to have their demands met. Police responded to the peaceful marches violently, firing tear gas, with one National Assembly member, Jose Olivares, being struck in the head with a tear gas

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Over 2,000 security checkpoints were ordered by President Maduro on 15 April, which would be established throughout Venezuela prior to the 19 April "mega march", with nearly 200,000 Venezuelan authorities said to be participating. Finally on 18 April, President Maduro "green-lighted" Plan Zamora, a

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In the month of May, a total of 47 Venezuelans died following violence occurring near protests. Unknown perpetrators were the cause of death for 24 Venezuelans; twenty gunshot wounds, one head injury, two electrocutions and one unknown cause of death. Security forces were responsible for 16 deaths;

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In the first month of protests, April 2017, 33 Venezuelans died as a result of incidents surrounding the protests. A large proportion of the deaths occurred on 20 April 2017, with 16 deaths being attributed to looting occurring in Caracas that evening consisting of thirteen electrocution deaths and

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Into early 2016, the TSJ alleged that voting irregularities occurred in the 2015 parliamentary elections and stripped four lawmakers of their seats, preventing an opposition supermajority in the National Assembly which would be able to challenge President Maduro. The TSJ court then began to approve

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On 10 May, 27-year-old Miguel Castillo Bracho, a journalist who had graduated the previous week, died after being shot in the chest with a tear gas canister by a National Guardsman while already being detained. On 18 May, four journalists were attacked by the National Guard and had their equipment

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Human Rights Watch has reviewed extensive evidence implicating the Venezuelan security forces ... in a wide range of serious abuses since protesters took to the streets ... Security forces have used excessive force and condoned attacks by armed pro-government groups against massive anti-government

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On the 50th day of consecutive protests, millions of Venezuelans protested in Caracas on 20 May during the "We Are Millions" march, demanding an end to violent repression and immediate elections. The day resulted in over 120 injured in Caracas alone, while one man was killed in Valera, Trujillo by

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President Maduro announced a plan of "a military constituency to deepen the Bolivarian military revolution within the very heart of the Bolivarian National Armed Forces" on 8 May, calling for the military to help draft a new constitution with the goal to "strengthen the union" between the military

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at marchers at 11:50 a.m., with the demonstrators refusing to leave despite the use of force. At about 12:30 p.m., demonstrations by both opposition and pro-government Venezuelans fill Caracas' avenues. Shortly after 12:45 p.m., protesters on the Francisco Fajardo Freeway near Bello

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Days after the recall movement was cancelled, 1.2 million Venezuelans protested throughout the country against the move, demanding President Maduro to leave office. Caracas protests remained calm while protests in other states resulted in clashes between demonstrators and authorities, leaving one

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Sadly, this is the beginning of a war, gentlemen ... They will continue until reaching the point where an intervention is justified. Let’s not fool ourselves. Sadly, it fell to our generation to live with this conflict, and we have to assume it to the degree that is being demanded by our country.

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In June, a total of 25 Venezuelans were killed during the protests. Fifteen deaths were attributed to unknown individuals, three deaths were caused by colectivos with all being gunshot wounds, three were caused by civilians, two were attributed to accidents, two were caused Venezuelan authorities

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were seen gathered and burning government related paraphernalia, denouncing President Maduro as "a tyrant" while chanting that his days were numbered as the leader of Venezuela. As the day concluded, over 50 stores were looted in Barinas, while additional deaths were recorded, with the death toll

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The following day, the first surprise demonstration occurred with only hundreds of Venezuelans attending, blocking the Francisco Fajardo highway in both directions holding a sign saying "Elections now", with Venezuelan authorities not being able to respond until an hour later when the protest was

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The United Nations has decried "widespread and systematic use of excessive force" against demonstrators, saying security forces and pro-government groups were responsible for the deaths of at least 73 protesters. UN rights office described "a picture of widespread and systematic use of excessive

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stated that "most of the detainees are beaten once they are arrested, while they are being transferred to a temporary detention site where they are to be brought before a judge", giving one instance with "a group of 40 people arrested for alleged looting, 37 reported that they were beaten before

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once again criticized the government's usage of chemical agents, expressing concern of a "red gas" used to suppress protesters in Chacao on 8 April 2017, demanding "clarification of the components of the red tear gas used by state security forces against the opposition demonstrations". Experts

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Days later, the 2017 Venezuelan referendum was held on 16 July, with the opposition stating that about 7.5 million Venezuelans participated in the process, with over 99% voting against the Constituent Assembly, voting for the recognition of the National Assembly and voting for immediate general

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Venezuelans and activists harassed government officials and their families who enjoyed luxurious lifestyles compared to Venezuelan citizens. The top income of a Venezuelan official would be approximately $ 700 per year. Despite this, families of government officials live abroad and even attend

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President Maduro ordered cable providers to take CNN en Español off the air on 14 February 2017, days after CNN aired an investigation into the alleged fraudulent issuing of Venezuelan passports and visas. The news story revealed a confidential intelligence document that linked Venezuelan Vice

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maintains that the government has a "premeditated policy" to commit violent and lethal acts against protesters, stating that there is "a planned strategy by the government of President Maduro to use violence and illegitimate force against the Venezuelan population to neutralize any criticism".

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called by the opposition was quickly dispersed and experienced low turnout. A march organized for 12 August had only about 1,000 participants, with many Venezuelans stating that they had lost interest in the protest movement due to the fear of repression and because of their anger towards the

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armoured personnel carriers rammed protesters who were rushing a group of guardsmen. A video went viral of President Maduro dancing on state television while National Guardsmen were seen using tear gas on protesters nearby. Reuters again noted that "images of a military vehicle running over a

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Shortly before and after Christmas, Venezuelans throughout the country, with these individual groups numbering no more than fifty, began to gather in groups and protest against the shortages of food and gasoline. Many gas stations throughout the country resorting to having military personnel

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documented at least six cases in which Venezuelan security forces raided residential areas and apartment buildings in Caracas and in four different states, usually near barricades built by residents. According to testimonies, officials bursted into houses without warrants, stealing personal

901: 900: 896: 895: 902: 1161: 2611:, stating "That episode in the history of humanity, which cost 6 million Jews their lives, among them 1.5 million children, is unique and incomparable" and that his comparison "offends the memory of the Victims and all who are direct mourners of this dark episode of humanity". 1106:

On 5 July 2017, the National Assembly announced plans of a referendum for Venezuelans to decide whether they agree with the Constituent Assembly election, demanded the military to recognize the National Assembly or demanded immediate general elections. That day, Vice President

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mathematics professor Ricardo Rios estimated at least 1.2 million protested, which would make it the largest protest in Venezuela's history. According to pollster Meganálisis, 2.5 million Venezuelans protested in Caracas alone, while 6 million protested throughout the country.

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Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social stated that between 1 April 2017 and 31 July 2017, colectivos attacked at least 523 of 6,729 of protests – or about 8% of protests – with bullet wounds reported in the majority of the protests where colectivos were involved.

1737:, which cooperate with government security forces to repress protesters, were responsible for another 6 deaths, all the result of firearms. Deaths perpetrated by unknown individuals accounted for 4 Venezuelans killed in April; three gunshot wounds and one head injury. 772: 2052: 2057: 2055: 2051: 2407:, Yessica Sumoza, was robbed of her equipment in Caracas, while in Aragua, local police struck reporter Gaby Aguilar in the face with a stone. Alexander Medina of Radio Fe y Alegría, meanwhile, was surrounded by authorities in San Fernando, Apure who threatened to 1083:

On 27 June 2017, President Maduro stated that if his government fails, he and his supporters would use forces to reestablish the government. That afternoon, a video was released showing men with assault rifles flanking Oscar Pérez, a film actor and investigator of

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Two days before the Mother of All Marches, President Maduro on 17 April ordered the expansion of the Bolivarian Militia to involve 500,000 loyal Venezuelans, stating that each would be armed with a rifle and demanded the prevention of another event similar to the

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Protests were originally much smaller in the early months of 2017 due to the fear of repression. The first large protest to occur in 2017 was on 23 January 2017, with several thousand Venezuelans participating. Following that day of protest, opposition leader

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The final death during the 2017 protests occurred on Christmas Eve when an 18 year old pregnant woman was caught in a protest over limited amounts of pork. She was shot and killed by a National Guardsman at the scene who was later arrested.

662:, Venezuela faced a severe socioeconomic crisis during the presidency of his successor, Nicolás Maduro, as a result of Chávez's policies and Maduro's continuation of them. Due to the country's high levels of urban violence, inflation, and 937:

Hundreds of thousands of people marched on 3 May, denouncing President Maduro's proposed rewrite of the constitution. The clashes between protesters and authorities left more than 300 injured and one dead; in one incident, National Guard

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On 10 April 2017, Venezuelan police fired tear gas at protesters from helicopters flying overhead, which is prohibited by Article 141 of the Civil Aeronautic Law; demonstrators fled to avoid being hit by the high-velocity canisters.

1888:, many other cases of abuses have been recorded. In one instance, a woman was arrested in Altos Mirandinos by the National Guard where she was beaten and then urinated on by three National Guardsmen who threatened to rape her. 1055:

rising up to six killed as well as reports of hundreds being injured. Opposition leaders condemned the violence as the Barinas riots overshadowed their official demonstrations surrounding the healthcare of Venezuela that day.

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said that "Goldman Sachs’s financial lifeline to the regime will serve to strengthen the brutal repression unleashed against the hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans peacefully protesting for political change in the country."

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three firearm deaths. Venezuelan authorities were the cause of 7 other deaths that month; five firearm deaths, one tear gas canister wound and one asphyxiation from tear gas, while pro-government paramilitary groups known as

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The CNE blamed alleged voter fraud as the reason for the cancellation of the referendum. International observers criticized the move, stating that CNE's decision made Maduro look as if he were seeking to rule as a dictator.

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would be directed towards an anti-protest objective, saying that his supporters "will multiply throughout the territory, special forces of rapid action, special troops of the militias ... to make our homeland impregnable".

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canister, which led to heavy bleeding. President Maduro announced later that day plans to replace the National Assembly with a communal national assembly and called for the drafting of a new constitution under a handpicked

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with both being gunshot wounds. The causes of death were seventeen gunshot wound incidents, five incidents where individuals were struck by a vehicle, one death by tear gas asphyxiation, one death by blunt trauma and one

1862:. The regime’s officials forced dust from tear gas canisters up their noses to pry open their mouths. They then shoved the pasta with excrement in their mouths and made them swallow it". Venezuela's intelligence agency, 5641: 2414:

During protests on 8 May, there were 19 reports of attacks on journalists, with 5 instances involving protesters attempting to rob reporters, while the other 15 reports involved Venezuelan authorities and colectivos.

3959: 2784:"El corresponsal de SEMANA en Caracas relata cómo la madre de todas las marchas que convocó la oposición venezolana, terminó como se esperaba con represión con violencia. Análisis del duro panorama en el vecino país" 5669: 2910: 2502:

On 6 May 2017, it was reported that two individuals on Twitter, @yosoyjustin and @ERHDP calling themselves TeamHDPP, breached several Venezuelan government agencies and Internet portals, hacking information from

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and stole weapons from the facility, with many residents of Valencia supporting the rebellion and shouting "freedom" in the streets. Most members of the attack as well as their leaders were captured days later.

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The Venezuelan government on 27 May began to block the import of first aid kits, gas masks, gauze, eye drops, and bullet-proof vests, among other products, stating that the goods were to be used by terrorists.

2144:(Resistance), perform confrontational acts against Venezuelan authorities, stating that they defend other protesters from approaching violent authorities. Some former Venezuelan authorities are members of the 6039: 5592: 1191:

also reported that according to internal CNE documents leaked to the agency, only 3,720,465 votes were cast thirty minutes before polls were expected to close, though polls were open for an additional hour.

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Protests occurred over the years, with demonstrations occurring in various intensities depending on the crises Venezuelans were facing at the time and the perceived threat of being repressed by authorities.

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Groups such as the Venezuelan Observatory of Health have denounced the use of tear gas fired directly or nearby health centers and hospitals, as well as houses and residential buildings. A report of the

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protests, leading to dozens of deaths and hundreds of injuries. Security forces have also engaged in arbitrary arrests and physical abuse against detainees that in some cases would amount to torture.

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specified that non lethal weapons, were used systematically to cause unnecessary injuries, explaining that security forces fired tear gas canisters directly against protesters at short distances.

898: 2069:. During protests on 5 June, members of CONAS, Venezuela's elite anti-kidnapping task-force, fired live ammunition at protesters in eastern Caracas as they gathered near the CCCT shopping mall. 6249: 2603:

sipping cocktails, requiring her personal body guard to intervene. The former banking minister under Chávez, Eugenio Vasquez Orellana, was also harassed while eating at a Venezuelan bakery in

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stated that all tear gas used by authorities should originally be colorless, noting that the color may be added to provoke or "color" protesters so they can easily be identified and arrested.

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having 26 different routes for the main march to head to the office of the Ombudsman to demonstrate. As the march progressed through Caracas, the National Guard began to block routes and fire

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to investigate the deal, which they called "immoral, opaque, and hypocritical given the socialist government’s anti-Wall Street rhetoric". In a public letter to the bank's chief executive,

1787:. During the election day alone on 30 July, 10 individuals died as a result of violent clashes, representing a large number of those killed in the month. Excluding those killed during the 3156: 774: 7292: 5894: 1176:

were loyal to the government due to the opposition boycott of the election. More than 40 countries condemned the elections, and raised concerns of Venezuela turning into a dictatorship.

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Opposition officials, on 5 May, draped a large banner down the side of the National Assembly's administrative building high above central Caracas reading "Dictator Maduro". Citizens of

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On 22 May, it was reported that snipers supposedly belonging to the National Guard were firing from the Center for Education and Development of Petróleos de Venezuela rooftops in the

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where the opposition only won five of twenty-three governorships, disillusionment with the opposition movement grew, especially after four of five opposition governors elected of

2550:, a hacker group, attacked multiple Venezuelan government and military websites placing anti-government messages and called for the military to intervene against the government. 4417: 2011: 6993: 6906: 4079: 5673: 5258: 4508: 2065:

The majority of individuals killed during protests died from gunshot wounds, with many resulting from the repression by Venezuelan authorities and assisting pro-government

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announced the cancellation of the 3 November march to the Miraflores presidential palace, with Vatican-led dialogue between the opposition and the government beginning.

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and the Bolivarian Militia would be spread throughout Caracas on 19 April "until necessary" to deter the opposition's "megamarch", calling their actions "terrorism".

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who has studied over a thousand tear gas canisters since 2014, has stated that security forces have fired expired tear gas which, according to her, "breaks down into

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By 7 December 2016, dialogue halted between the two and two months later on 13 January 2017 after talks stalled, the Vatican officially pulled out of the dialogue.

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policeman dead, 120 injured and 147 arrested. That day the opposition gave President Maduro a deadline of 3 November 2016 to hold elections, with opposition leader

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journalists on 20 April, near La India, beating them with sticks while also throwing rocks and bottles at them. Another journalist captured the attack on film.

2905: 3841: 7021: 4654: 6963: 6469: 5294: 2728: 2639:, also directed by Vicentini, follows the homonymous Venezuelan protester that is detained during the demonstrations and tortured along with his companions. 5983: 6594: 6159: 5398: 3505: 5707: 4194: 6822: 4278: 2495: 2383:

The CPJ offered advice on how to avoid aggression, how to react to tear gas and how to contact the organization to report any attacks on journalists.

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I order SEBIN to sue those spokesmen of the opposition who are accusing of barbarities and improper acts that are never discussed in this republic.

7101: 6358: 4766: 3870: 7407: 5223: 3036: 7849: 1138:, or sit-ins where citizens often congregated in mass on streets to impede city life, and setting dates for general strikes. From 18 to 19 July, 6878: 5749: 4222: 3187: 970:

and civilians. On 13 May 2017, President Maduro declared a "State of Emergency and Economic Emergency throughout the national territory" in the

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stolen, including Eugenio García of Spain, Herminia Rodríguez of Globovision, Andry Rincón of Vivoplaynet and Kevin Villamizar of El Nacional.

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their hair was forcefully shaved off their heads". In other examples of abuses, "15 reported that they were forced to eat pasta with grass and

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Despite opposition efforts, the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election was held on 30 July 2017. The majority of those elected into the

6706: 6622: 6386: 5376: 5075: 4360: 1866:, was ordered by President Maduro on 16 April to take legal actions against individuals who state that they have been tortured by authorities. 7834: 6010: 3468: 3008: 2543: 2260: 1784: 1151: 624: 604:. Protests began in January 2017 after the arrest of multiple opposition leaders and the cancellation of dialogue between the opposition and 305: 6762: 6507: 834:, which is used for sewage drainage, to avoid the gas. Near 2:10 p.m., a 17-year-old boy was shot in the head and killed at a protest. 6934: 3701: 5810: 2243: 821:", as it was called by organizers, occurred. The day began with demonstrators gathering around the country at about 10:30 a.m., with 4738: 4570: 4057: 3442: 3310: 5482: 5454: 5426: 5047: 3728: 2793: 7944: 7744: 7641: 7503: 7230: 6102: 5103: 2508:

of government officials and authorities, including those of National Bolivarian Police, CICPC, SEBIN, CONATEL and the Chancellery. The

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We would never give up, and what couldn't be done with votes, we would do with weapons, we would liberate the fatherland with weapons.

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reporter was robbed by a Bolivarian National Police officer. The following day, more than 50 government sympathizers attacked three

2331: 7890: 4166: 3924:"Latin American Herald Tribune – After Venezuela Government Fails to Honor Commitments, Vatican Pulls Out of Dialogue It Sponsored" 2322: 1116: 742: 325: 5344: 2453:

to 173 Venezuelan passports and IDs issued to individuals from the Middle East, including people connected to the terrorist group

2218:, which was heavily criticized by human rights groups. Civilians accused of attacking military authorities would be charged with " 1134:

Following the rejection of the referendum's results by the government, the opposition announced plans for a "zero hour", planning

974:, creating the possibility of granting Maduro more decree powers and the power to temporarily suspend some constitutional rights. 697: 681:

government, the opposition was elected to hold the majority in the National Assembly for the first time since 1999, following the

7878: 7702: 7115: 6275: 4824: 4516: 2818: 878:, a two-year process, on 26 April 2017, after multiple member states called for a special session to discuss Venezuela's crisis. 789: 616: 295: 4626: 4598: 3236: 2875: 8090: 7900: 4794: 3563: 3527: 2942: 2599:. Human rights activists have criticized her lifestyle in Australia, with activists verbally attacking Rodriguez as she was at 1180: 1173: 1042: 701: 682: 6442: 2697: 1142:

closed the streets of many cities in Venezuela. On 20 July, millions of Venezuelans participated in a 24-hour general strike.

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decided to be sworn in under the government-led National Constituent Assembly despite promises to never recognize the body.

6233: 2669: 8073: 4476: 8302: 8095: 7919: 7734: 7516: 1921:, the interior minister, General Carlos Alfredo Pérez Ampueda, director of the Bolivarian National Police; Major General 362: 707:

On 21 October 2016, the CNE suspended the referendum only days before preliminary signature-gatherings were to be held.

8009: 7586: 6131: 2295: 1233: 1226: 245: 159: 6252:(in Spanish). Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia. Observatorio Venezolano de la Salud. 28 April 2017. Archived from 5316: 3371: 2649: 30: 8337: 7719: 7050: 5721: 2399:

On 6 May during a women's march, reporters were attacked by state authorities throughout the country. In San Carlos,

7601: 7429: 8019: 7714: 7076: 6797: 3420: 2371: 1064: 955: 5565:"La lista de los 40 países democráticos que hasta el momento desconocieron la Asamblea Constituyente de Venezuela" 3756: 1910: 1016:

It is pretty symbolic that the citizens are venting their frustrations on the author of the Bolivarian revolution

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Monte begin to flee the area after enduring over an hour of tear gas from authorities, with many leaping into the

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attributed to economic policies such as strict price controls, civil insurrection in Venezuela culminated in the

6971: 5838:"Padrino López dice que capturaron al ex-capitán Caguaripano: el "autor" del robo de armas del Fuerte Paramacay" 2283:), Brigadier General Joel Vicente Canelón (Army) and Brigadier General Iván Darío Lara Lander (Army) attending. 8063: 7824: 7656: 7581: 7555: 7546: 7541: 7496: 7380:"Israelitas de Venezuela repudia mención del Holocausto para equipararlo con incidentes recientes (COMUNICADO)" 6679:"En un país sin medicinas, ni comida... Maduro aprueba recursos para "garantizar un fusil para cada miliciano"" 2148:, teaching them riot formations and other government methods. The groups deny attacks on government buildings. 1967: 636: 4914: 1791:, July was the final month in which protesters were killed, as the protests began to dissipate in mid-August. 8259: 8129: 7979: 7844: 7591: 6302: 3990: 3928: 1237: 1225:

conflicted opposition, and expressing their disapproval with the opposition's decision to participate in the

1089: 990: 620: 232: 203: 7666: 7319: 6220: 6185: 8186: 7929: 7829: 7739: 4861: 3532: 1381: 366: 3259: 7955: 7866: 6307: 5371: 4711:"Maduro podrá restringir garantías y dictar medidas de orden social, según Gaceta Oficial extraordinaria" 3995: 3933: 2823: 1922: 1275: 1112: 1101: 213: 7175:"Hackers develan información gubernamental y aseguran haber anulado afiliaciones al carnet de la patria" 3986:"Latin American Herald Tribune – Venezuela Opposition Warns of "Surprise Tactics" Against Maduro Regime" 723:... that on 3 November the Venezuelan people are coming to Caracas because we are going to Miraflores". 8085: 7536: 6994:"Al menos 3 periodistas heridos y uno robado deja la brutal represión de la "gloriosa" GNB este #18May" 6907:"Más atrocidades GNB: Venezolano recibe un bombazo en el pecho en la autopista Prados del Este (VIDEO)" 6276:"Informe: En Venezuela los manifestantes fueron víctimas de vulneraciones y abusos de derechos humanos" 2478:

from cable carriers, following rumors that they were going to cover the political crisis in Venezuela.

2041: 1845: 1775:. A man who was struck in the head by a tear gas canister in June 2017 later died on 13 February 2018. 342: 7259: 6536:"Qué es el Plan Zamora y por qué más de 250 detenidos en Venezuela responden ante un tribunal militar" 4541: 3673: 8269: 8191: 8146: 7924: 7814: 7780: 7576: 7561: 7489: 5759: 4887: 4080:"Oposición invita a ejercer la mayor presión "desbordando Venezuela" contra la dictadura este #19Abr" 2272: 986: 315: 101: 7463: 1914: 8166: 8161: 8053: 7785: 7571: 6734: 5487: 4365: 4171: 3282: 3192: 2664: 2659: 2536: 1788: 6567:"Qué es el Plan Zamora, el operativo antigolpista decretado por Nicolás Maduro. Noticias de Mundo" 5539: 4279:"Foro Penal reporta más de 1000 arrestos tras protestas desde el 4-A | En la Agenda | 2001.com.ve" 3813:"Almagro: Maduro se transforma en dictador por negarles a venezolanos derecho a decidir su futuro" 1917:, the defense minister and the strategic operational commander of the Armed Forces; Major General 1183:, announced that 8,089,230 persons voted, with a 41.53% turnout though the voting machine company 8234: 7770: 4575: 3842:"Con multitudinarias marchas, oposición venezolana presionó a Maduro para que reactive referendo" 2765: 2435: 2124: 1853:

Human rights groups have stated that Venezuelan authorities have used force to gain confessions.

1168:

A bomb being detonated near a Bolivarian National Police motorbike convoy responding to protests.

1022: 810: 288: 268: 6075:"Gobierno ordenó querellas judiciales contra quienes acusan a organismos policiales de torturas" 5697:

Venezuelan election turnout figures manipulated by one million votes: election company. Reuters.

5285:"¿Plebiscito, consulta, referendo, juicio popular?, convocatoria de la oposición para el #16Jul" 427: 321: 8264: 8196: 8176: 8156: 8115: 8100: 7856: 7819: 7680: 7151: 5899: 4511:[What is Maduro seeking with the new self-coup that he tries to impose in Venezuela?]. 4418:"Analysis: A top Venezuelan official's son makes video plea for his dad to 'end the injustice'" 4108:"Unidad marcha este #19Abr hacia la Defensoría y establece agenda para días próximos (+Puntos)" 2403:, Alexander Olvera was kicked by a National Guardsman while covering a protest. A reporter for 2276: 1583: 994: 663: 6651:"Maduro anunció despliegue de "fuerzas civiles antidisturbios" en todo el territorio nacional" 8249: 8229: 7758: 7661: 6827: 6535: 6409:"Bombas lacrimógenas que usa el gobierno están vencidas y emanan cianuro (+ recomendaciones)" 6334: 6278:(in Spanish). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 31 August 2017 6190: 5459: 5228: 5136: 5052: 4989: 4799: 4603: 4199: 3041: 2733: 2388: 2341: 2316: 2078: 2066: 1808: 1734: 1726: 1047: 854: 818: 801: 529: 349: 109: 97: 8058: 7075:

Investigations, Scott Zamost, Drew Griffin, Kay Guerrero and Rafael Romo (9 February 2017).

6851:"Robos, golpes y hasta intento de linchamiento denunció el SNTP contra la prensa este #6May" 5866:"Manifestantes opositores realizan un Trancazo en Caracas contra la Constituyente de Maduro" 4017: 2562: 2553:

On August 6 the MUD denounced that their website was hacked for a second time. The site was

8295: 8211: 8110: 8041: 7995: 7939: 7934: 7910: 7871: 7802: 7775: 7709: 7692: 7524: 7203:"El grupo que hackeó al Consejo Nacional Electoral en Venezuela dice que habrá más ataques" 5927:"Entre indignación, rabia, impotencia y miedo, muchos opositores han abandonado las calles" 5670:"Tibisay Lucena: Participaron 8 millones 89 mil 230 electores en la elección Constituyente" 2547: 2466: 2464:'s satellite signal was censored from DirecTV after showing live coverage of the protests. 1821: 1783:

A total of 58 Venezuelans were killed in the month of July as protests culminated into the

947: 934:, "Maduro's call ... to rewrite the constitution has energized the protest movement". 916: 686: 374: 355: 3846: 2634: 2622: 506: 465: 8: 8219: 8181: 8151: 8004: 7839: 7807: 7792: 7646: 7352: 5646: 5597: 5168: 5024: 5020:"Incendian la casa natal de Hugo Chávez luego de la muerte de dos estudiantes en Barinas" 4683:"Maduro activará una "constituyente militar" para fortalecer la "gloriosa" Fuerza Armada" 4477:"Venezuela's embattled socialist president calls for citizens congress, new constitution" 4422: 3100: 2089: 2037:

National Guardsman firing live ammunition at protesters on 19 June, killing Fabián Urbina

1762: 1265: 1213: 44: 5781: 5510: 5352: 4388: 4250: 3646: 2975: 2470:

of Colombia was also censored in the country during the day's protests. That night, the

2129: 719:

stating, "Today we are giving a deadline to the government. I tell the coward who is in

301: 8311: 8254: 8244: 8224: 8201: 8141: 7729: 7724: 6212: 6136: 5815: 4227: 3761: 3598: 3366: 3160: 2565:

giving a speech about an alleged international policy of destabilization in Venezuela.

2554: 2312: 1993: 1906: 1898: 1421: 1347: 2592: 2532: 2528: 1365: 726:

Days later on 1 November 2016, then National Assembly President and opposition leader

8274: 7095: 6443:"In secret recording, Venezuelan general pushes for snipers to control demonstrators" 6229: 6040:"Venezuelan Regime Steps up Torture against Protesters, Forces Them to Eat Excrement" 4922: 4833: 3733: 2819:"Noticias de América – Día de violencia en las marchas a favor y en contra de Maduro" 2763:

Rojas, Nestor (20 April 2017). "Students killed as Venezuela protests turn violent".

2450: 2280: 2215: 1987: 1655: 1187:

stated that the number of votes were manipulated by at least one million votes while

1108: 749: 727: 720: 716: 488: 459: 438: 416: 410: 16:

Protests in Venezuela against Nicolás Maduro's political oppression of the opposition

7022:"Reportera gráfica de La Patilla resultó herida con bomba lacrimógena #20May (Foto)" 3816: 2440: 1918: 1877: 1511: 605: 479: 401: 8316: 7596: 5754: 5642:"Venezuela ushers in new pro-government chamber as opposition struggles to regroup" 5164:"Helicopter used for protest flight against Maduro, heightening Venezuela tensions" 4957: 4509:"¿Qué busca Nicolás Maduro con el nuevo autogolpe que quiere imponer en Venezuela?" 4486: 3232: 3197: 3096:"Venezuela accused of 'self-coup' after Supreme Court shuts down National Assembly" 2702: 2535:

and other officials were also cancelled. The hackers added, "We have more than 450

2524: 2520: 2475: 2340:, a high-level PSUV official loyal to the government, stated that 60,000 motorized 2337: 1637: 1601: 1209: 1030: 689:

National Assembly, consisting of government officials, filled the TSJ with allies.

497: 311: 6470:"Maduro dejará en las calles de Venezuela 2.026 puntos de control hasta el #19Abr" 2578: 1722: 961: 858: 806: 338: 105: 51: 6571: 5196: 3009:"Muere joven que había sido herido en las protestas de 2017 en Ejido – RunRun.es" 2943:"FOTOS, INFOGRAFÍA Y MAPA | 67 muertos en protestas en Venezuela hasta el #23May" 2698:"Slingshots vs. shotguns: Venezuela's 'youth resistance' takes on the government" 2627: 2400: 1940: 1928: 1529: 1493: 998: 7616: 6222:

Crackdown on Dissent. Brutality, Torture, and Political Persecution in Venezuela

5399:"El pueblo decidió, el manifiesto de la AN y la Unidad que anuncia la hora cero" 2630:, is about a Venezuelan demonstrator that flees the country during the protests. 1745: 8239: 7984: 7631: 7606: 7297: 6763:"Medicines, Supplies Grounded in U.S. After Venezuela Tags Them 'War Material'" 5708:"Smartmatic Statement on the recent Constituent Assembly Election in Venezuela" 4954:"Hugo Chavez's childhood home burned by protesters in Venezuela, lawmaker says" 4337: 4308:"Venezuela Erupts in 'Mother of All Protests' As Anti-Maduro Sentiment Seethes" 4136:"Venezuela Erupts In 'Mother Of All Protests' As Anti-Maduro Sentiment Seethes" 3900: 3785:"Venezuelans warn of 'dictatorship' after officials block bid to recall Maduro" 3287: 2604: 2171:

Molotov cocktail armed members, to prevent the approachment of armored vehicles

1075: 453: 7207: 6599: 5593:"Fear spreads in Venezuela ahead of planned protest of controversial election" 4036:"Venezuela Supreme Court takes over legislative powers from National Assembly" 2426:

was injured in Chacaíto after being shot in the leg with a tear gas canister.

2035: 1839: 1034: 958:

as well as other instances of statue toppling during times of popular unrest.

951: 922:

The move by President Maduro would also allow him to stay in power during the

907: 788:

began, with immunity being taken away from opposition parliamentarians by the

659: 8331: 7964: 7611: 7551: 6502: 6363: 6359:"Expertos explican el humo rojo y cómo defenderse de las bombas lacrimógenas" 5289: 4926: 4837: 3398: 2848:"Does toppling of Chávez statue mean Venezuela has reached a breaking point?" 2596: 2461: 1565: 1439: 982: 678: 224: 73: 6595:"El Gobierno haría juicios militares a detenidos por protestas en Venezuela" 6498:"¿Por qué el Plan Zamora recuerda al Plan Ávila ordenado en abril del 2002?" 6250:"Observatorio Venezolano de la Salud alerta sobre uso de gases lacrimógenos" 6160:"Venezuela: UN rights chief decries excessive force used against protesters" 2251: 2203: 1293: 965:

Millions of Venezuelans marching on 20 May during the We Are Millions march.

930:, as the constitutional process would take at least two years. According to 502: 493: 484: 283: 7969: 6447: 6163: 5367:"En la consulta popular de este domingo participaron 7.535.259 venezolanos" 5224:"Militar roba helicóptero y lanza granadas contra sede de TSJ de Venezuela" 4655:"Otras caídas de estatuas y símbolos que representaron el final de una era" 4195:"Manifestantes se lanzan al río Guaire para huir de los gases lacrimógenos" 3789: 3496:"Despite Government Obstacles, Over a Million Venezuelans March on Caracas" 2852: 2558: 2513: 2264: 2207: 2162:, or those who wield shields to protect from bullets and tear gas canisters 2001:

belongings and food from residents, as well as beating and arresting them.

1909:

stated that high levels officials of the government, such as Major General

1002: 850: 831: 447: 443: 434: 220: 89: 7456:"Christian McGaffney le tira a Venezuela con esta película estadounidense" 6964:"Asesinan a manifestante en Las Mercedes durante protestas del 10 de mayo" 6823:"Oficialistas golpearon con botellas y palos a periodistas de El Nacional" 6735:"Venezuela bans imports of gas masks, bulletproof vests -courier services" 4915:"Goldman Sachs condemned for buoying Venezuela with $ 2.8bn bond purchase" 3960:"Thousands march against Maduro government in Venezuela as crisis deepens" 1717: 62: 7566: 4888:"Amid Venezuela default, Goldman receives 'hunger bond' payment: sources" 4283: 4223:"Venezuela: opositores saltan al río Guaire para escapar de la represión" 3393: 3037:"15.000 heridos durante 74 días de protestas en contra de Nicolás Maduro" 2600: 2211: 943:

demonstrator ... caused further outrage", with protests continuing.

923: 4767:"Al menos 120 heridos en Caracas durante protesta de este sábado #20May" 1955: 780:

Students protesting against rulings outside of the TSJ on 31 March 2017.

7384: 7235: 7179: 7120: 7026: 6998: 6939: 6911: 6883: 6855: 6711: 6683: 6655: 6627: 6474: 6413: 6216: 6079: 6044: 6015: 5931: 5842: 5722:"Exclusive: Venezuelan vote data casts doubt on turnout at Sunday poll" 5431: 5403: 5108: 5080: 4771: 4743: 4715: 4687: 4631: 4112: 4084: 3500: 3227: 3069: 2423: 2255:

Venezuelan tricolor crosses commemorating those killed during protests.

2210:. The plan also granted the State the power to arrest protesters under 1997: 1854: 1184: 882: 756:

peacefully broken up. There were no other surprise protests to follow.

6879:"Sntp denuncia que al menos 19 reporteros fueron agredidos este #8May" 4825:"Goldman Sachs Bought Venezuela's State Oil Company's Bonds Last Week" 2486: 1619: 1475: 7974: 7512: 7481: 6707:"Diosdado Cabello: La oposición no va a entrar a Caracas este #19Abr" 6540: 5132:"Asciende a cinco los manifestantes asesinados este lunes en Barinas" 4832:. No. Markets. Caracas, Venezuela. Dow Jones & Company Inc. 4481: 3065:"Foro Penal: Van 4848 arrestos durante la represión de las protestas" 2654: 2608: 2454: 2259:

In late-April, days after the Mother of All Marches, generals of the

2219: 1859: 693:

of multiple actions performed by Maduro and granted him more powers.

601: 228: 185: 145: 6935:"EN FOTOS: La brutal represión que dejó la "revolución" este #10May" 6623:"Denuncian presencia de francotiradores en el CIED (fotos y videos)" 5192:"Funcionario del Cicpc se convirtió en protagonista de una película" 4862:"Venezuelan opposition condemns Goldman for $ 2.8 billion bond deal" 4445:"Venezuela crisis: Son of top Chavista official publically [ 3469:"En 2014 se registraron 9.286 protestas, cifra inédita en Venezuela" 1457: 881:

Following the death of a student the same day, the son of Ombudsman

406: 397: 7621: 7147:"Conatel saca también la señal de Antena 3 de cableras venezolanas" 6767: 5786: 5515: 5321: 5076:"Son tres los asesinados durante protestas en Barinas, según el MP" 4453: 4393: 4389:"Venezuela crisis: Son criticises rights ombudsman father in video" 4255: 3705: 3674:"Venezuela election board okays opposition recall push first phase" 3013: 2980: 2947: 2408: 2105: 2101: 1772: 1403: 1051: 826: 5895:"Inició el trancazo y PNB disparó bombas lacrimógenas en Altamira" 5811:"Military Base Attacked in Venezuela as Video Calls for Rebellion" 2174:

Radio observers, communicate government positions and escape plans

1377: 696:

After facing years of crisis, the Venezuelan opposition pursued a

423: 7324: 6739: 6330:"Amnistía Internacional instó a aclarar componentes del gas rojo" 6011:"Venezolanos protestan por la escasez de todo en la peor Navidad" 5988: 5960: 5870: 5726: 5569: 4659: 4546: 3677: 3621:"Venezuela's Lame-Duck Congress Names New Supreme Court Justices" 2097: 1673: 1547: 1188: 1033:– the hometown of President Maduro's predecessor, late President 931: 822: 752:

stated that only surprise protests would occur for the meantime.

7408:"Simón, el cortometraje inspirado en las protestas del año 2017" 5540:"Venezuelan opposition promises new tactics after Sunday's vote" 3311:"For Venezuela, Drop In Global Oil Prices Could Be Catastrophic" 2244:

Snipers presence reported in El Hatillo municipality in Caracas.

1204:

Graffitis expressing anger at the Unity Roundtable on October 5.

1145: 6298:"Venezuela's New Government Approach to Crowd Control: Robbery" 4739:"El gentío que abarrotó la autopista Francisco Fajardo (FOTOS)" 2788: 2287: 2012:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1329: 1208:

On 6 August 2017, about 20 individuals led by fugitive Captain

1200: 7231:"Hackearon varias páginas del gobierno bolivariano (imágenes)" 5455:"Movimiento Estudiantil invitó al trancazo de 10 horas mañana" 4542:"Venezuela protests rage, jailed Lopez supporters stage vigil" 3871:"Venezuela Opposition Cancels Protest, Delays Political Trial" 3594:"Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule" 112:

on 19 April. Protestors facing National Guard armored vehicles

8068: 8014: 5427:"Protestas espontáneas paralizan parcialmente Caracas #18Jul" 4571:"Armored car hits crowd as Venezuela riots leave 300 injured" 4333:"Venezuelans March as Maduro Comes Under Increasing Scrutiny" 3896:"Venezuela's opposition walks away from Vatican-backed talks" 3702:"Venezuela Suspends Recall Campaign Against President Maduro" 2876:"At Least 3 Die in Venezuela Protests Against Nicolás Maduro" 2591:, Lucia Rodriguez, who is also the niece of foreign minister 1863: 1691: 1311: 1085: 837: 332: 236: 6211: 6103:"Efectivos militares orinaron a joven detenida en protestas" 5750:"Venezuela troops quash anti-Maduro attack on military base" 5511:"What are Venezuelans voting for and why is it so divisive?" 5104:"Manifestantes se dirigen hacia la Francisco Fajardo #22May" 5048:"Ex chavistas se declaran en desobediencia civil en Barinas" 4599:""Maduro dictador": el pancartazo de los diputados en la AN" 4251:"Venezuela crisis: Three killed at anti-government protests" 3729:"Anger grows as Venezuela blocks effort to recall president" 3421:"Venezuela's Maduro says 2013 annual inflation was 56.2 pct" 3188:"Venezuela's Maduro blasts foe for chemical attack comments" 2539:

files and more than a thousand page conversations of them".

7348:"Venezuela leader: Officials treated like Jews under Nazis" 6387:"Lanzan bombas lacrimógenas desde helicópteros en Chacaíto" 5259:"Maduro Says Helicopter Fired on Venezuela's Supreme Court" 2518:

Minister of Popular Power for Communication and Information

2512:

accounts of President Nicolás Maduro, his wife (First Lady

1913:, the head of the Bolivarian National Guard; Chief General 1038: 939: 842: 5622:"Venezuela: New assembly leader warns 'justice will come'" 5345:"Venezuela referendum: Big show of support for opposition" 4167:"The Latest: US official expresses concern over Venezuela" 3647:"Venezuela starts validating recall referendum signatures" 3528:"Thousands March Against Socialist President in Venezuela" 3260:"Chavez leaves Venezuelan economy more equal, less stable" 2061:

David Vallenilla being shot dead by Venezuelan authorities

7116:"Comunicado del Grupo Clarín: TN, censurado en Venezuela" 5956:"Venezuelan opposition disarray heaps pain on protesters" 5626: 3665: 3650: 3443:"Venezuela Inflation Hits 16-Year High as Shortages Rise" 3314: 3223:"AP Explains: Venezuela's 'anti-capitalist' constitution" 813:, one of the meeting points of the Mother of All Marches. 6132:"Venezuela: Senior Officials' Responsibility for Abuses" 5984:"Twenty-eight arrests after Venezuela looting, violence" 4054:"AN acordó agenda de protestas en sesión de este sábado" 2321:

On 1 February 2017, President Maduro announced that the

1212:'s "41st Brigade" attacked Paramacay Military Base near 3639: 2727:

LUGO-GALICIA, HERNÁN; NUÑEZA, AYATOLA (20 April 2017).

2271:; with Brigadier General Hernán Enrique Homez Machado ( 7320:"Venezuelan protesters block embassy center in Madrid" 4985:"Centenares de heridos tras caos y saqueos en Barinas" 2587:

The daughter of Caracas mayor and Bolivarian official

1195: 1117:

the National Assembly was later attacked by colectivos

1092:, assaulting the largely opposition legislative body. 6794:"CPJ Safety Advisory: Covering Protests in Venezuela" 6441:

Maria Delgado, Antonio; Osorio, Sonia (20 May 2017).

4815: 4361:"Venezuela goes through with threat to leave the OAS" 1884:

According to the Justice and Peace Commission of the

1766:

Man at an altar dedicated to Neomar Lander on 8 June.

985:

purchased $ 2.8 billion of PDVSA 2022 bonds from the

627:, the opposition and protests largely lost momentum. 6506:(in European Spanish). 19 April 2017. Archived from 5954:

Aponte, Andreina; Polanco, Angry (25 October 2017).

3556:"Conflictividad Social en Venezuela en Octubre 2016" 2873: 2422:

During the 20 May protests, a graphic journalist of

2306: 1943:

towards arrested protesters has also been reported.

6440: 5162:Krygier, Rachelle; Partlow, Joshua (27 June 2017). 3592:Casey, Nicholas; Torres, Patricia (30 March 2017). 2370:In the early days of the protests on 12 April, the 2275:), Brigadier General Carlos Enrique Quijada Rojas ( 2222:" and could be summarily tried in military courts. 654:

Late-2015 video of Venezuelans eating from garbage.

5293:(in European Spanish). 4 July 2017. Archived from 4823: 2874:Casey, Nicholas; Patricia Torres (19 April 2017). 2726: 2374:(CPJ) issued an advisory to journalists, stating: 2279:), Brigadier General Dilio Rafael Rodríguez Díaz ( 2168:, "returners" of tear gas, those who own gas masks 1046:area's rioting. Among the chaos in "the cradle of 978:colectivo members despite nearby police presence. 956:the destruction of Saddam Hussein's statue in Iraq 874:The government began efforts to withdraw from the 4325: 8329: 7293:"Why activists want Venezuelan student deported" 4952:Sanchez, Fabiola; Dreier, Hannah (22 May 2017). 3727:Mogollon, Mery; Kraul, Chris (21 October 2016). 2911:Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social 2778: 2776: 950:burned and tore down a statue of late President 888: 6817: 6815: 5483:"Millions heed anti-Maduro strike in Venezuela" 4822:Vyas, Kejal; Kurmanaev, Anatoly (28 May 2017). 4627:"Manifestantes derriban estatua de Hugo Chávez" 3216: 3214: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2267:at discussion chaired by Lara Division General 600:were a series of protests occurring throughout 7291:Ritchie, Emily; Gibbs, Stephen (18 May 2017). 7074: 6560: 6558: 5620:Hanna, Jason; Chavez, Nicole (4 August 2017). 5161: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 3157:"Venezuela clashes 'self-inflicted coup': OAS" 2460:During the Mother of All Marches on 19 April, 2286:At the meeting, Torrealba suggests the use of 1841:Human Rights Watch multimedia report on abuses 790:Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela (TSJ) 7497: 7286: 7284: 7282: 7280: 7141: 7139: 6529: 6527: 6525: 5953: 5947: 4951: 4821: 4536: 4534: 3916: 3726: 3696: 3694: 3386: 3328: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2813: 2811: 2773: 2758: 2756: 2261:National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela 1946: 1785:2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election 1152:2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election 1146:2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election 1095: 7290: 7260:"Página web de la MUD fue hackeada de nuevo" 7100:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7051:"CNN en Español kicked off air in Venezuela" 7048: 6812: 6533: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6126: 6124: 6069: 6067: 5068: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 3757:"Venezuela's Odd Transition to Dictatorship" 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3461: 3334: 3211: 2996: 2722: 2720: 2490:Venezuelans require their government-issued 1932:Marble shot by the National Guard on 7 June. 615:began in late March when the pro-government 7410:(in Spanish). El Nacional. 22 November 2018 6555: 6031: 5782:"Venezuela arrests over 'uprising attempt'" 5619: 5005: 3591: 3274: 3257: 2976:"Venezuela soldier held over queue killing" 2970: 2968: 2966: 2444:Sign criticizing Venezuelan media coverage. 136: 7504: 7490: 7277: 7257: 7136: 6522: 6401: 5585: 5375:(in Spanish). 17 July 2017. Archived from 5337: 5317:"Deadly violence erupts at Venezuela vote" 5124: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4531: 3953: 3951: 3782: 3691: 3487: 3302: 3179: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2893: 2808: 2753: 2695: 2568: 698:recall referendum against President Maduro 6788: 6786: 6429: 6121: 6064: 5672:(in Spanish). El Nacional. Archived from 5359: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5183: 5157: 5155: 4150: 3957: 3836: 3834: 3720: 3671: 3578: 3560:Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict 2867: 2729:"El país grito: "Maduro, no te queremos"" 2717: 2575:Reactions to the 2017 Venezuelan protests 2472:National Commission of Telecommunications 2365: 2072: 1249:distribute rationed amounts of gasoline. 7453: 6961: 6955: 6389:(in Spanish). El Nacional. 11 April 2017 4830:The Wall Street Journal. Eastern Edition 4515:(in Spanish). 2 May 2017. Archived from 4128: 3394:"Venezuela's economy: Medieval policies" 3280: 3251: 3125: 3123: 2963: 2696:Weddle, Cody; Wyss, Jim (11 July 2017). 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2485: 2439: 2250: 2202:plan compared to the heavily criticized 2128: 2048: 1927: 1761: 1744: 1716: 1199: 1155: 1126: 960: 892: 849:At about 4:35 p.m., pro-government 836: 805: 795: 769: 759: 743:Timeline of the 2017 Venezuelan protests 640: 6564: 6356: 6019:(in European Spanish). 27 December 2017 5981: 5503: 5309: 4982: 4971: 4940: 4449:] urges him to help stop bloodshed" 3983: 3948: 3783:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (21 October 2016). 3335:Scharfenberg, Ewald (1 February 2015). 3185: 3131:"Venezuela's Descent Into Dictatorship" 3090: 3088: 2926: 2494:("Homeland" identity) cards to receive 1789:6 August Paramacay Military Base attack 122:31 March 2017—12 August 2017 (134 days) 8330: 7899: 7511: 7430:"Florida Film Festival 32 – Long Form" 7077:"Whistleblower reveals passport fraud" 6962:Jorge M., María Emilia (10 May 2017). 6783: 6037: 5634: 5244: 5189: 5152: 4568: 4437: 4415: 4381: 3868: 3831: 3493: 3308: 3220: 2155:groups are organized in this fashion: 1174:2017 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela 1058: 7485: 7258:Méndez Rea, Rosalie (6 August 2017). 5935:(in European Spanish). 13 August 2017 5808: 5537: 4912: 4856: 4854: 4409: 4305: 4243: 3120: 2845: 2762: 2682: 2614: 2386:During the Mother of All Marches, an 1815: 1243: 786:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 766:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 613:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 94:2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis 7447: 7239:(in European Spanish). 7 August 2017 6534:García Marco, Daniel (10 May 2017). 5892: 4116:(in European Spanish). 15 April 2017 4088:(in European Spanish). 14 April 2017 3958:Barbarani, Sofia (23 January 2017). 3754: 3085: 2914:(in European Spanish). 2 August 2017 2827:(in European Spanish). 20 April 2017 2670:List of protests in the 21st century 1950: 981:The same month, the investment bank 685:. As a result of that election, the 7891:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area) 7454:Gonzalez, Leandro (24 March 2023). 7400: 6417:(in European Spanish). 8 April 2017 5982:Ramirez, Maria (26 December 2017). 5435:(in European Spanish). 18 July 2017 5407:(in European Spanish). 17 July 2017 5190:Rincón, Arminda (25 October 2015). 3984:Camacho, Carlos (24 January 2017). 3672:Cawthorne, Andrew (1 August 2016). 3494:Martín, Karina (1 September 2016). 3309:Siegel, Robert (25 December 2014). 3073:(in European Spanish). 28 July 2017 2626:, directed by Venezuelan filmmaker 2332:2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt 1252: 1196:Disillusionment of protest movement 1021:Eric Farnsworth, vice president of 165:Disillusionment of protest movement 13: 7030:(in European Spanish). 20 May 2017 7002:(in European Spanish). 18 May 2017 6631:(in European Spanish). 22 May 2017 6228:. Human Rights Watch. p. 61. 5112:(in European Spanish). 22 May 2017 5084:(in European Spanish). 22 May 2017 4880: 4851: 4775:(in European Spanish). 21 May 2017 4747:(in European Spanish). 20 May 2017 4719:(in European Spanish). 16 May 2017 3869:Rosati, Andrew (1 November 2016). 3362:"Inflation rate (consumer prices)" 2544:2017 Constituent Assembly election 2301: 2178: 2017: 2004: 1749:The body of Miguel Castillo Bracho 1234:2017 Venezuelan regional elections 1001:, the National Assembly president 160:2017 Constituent National Assembly 92:speaking on 1 April following the 14: 8349: 7049:Steve Almasy (16 February 2017). 6603:(in European Spanish). 9 May 2017 6357:Salazar, Abraham (9 April 2017). 5809:Casey, Nicholas (6 August 2017). 3932:. 19 January 2017. Archived from 3337:"Volver a ser pobre en Venezuela" 3281:Corrales, Javier (7 March 2013). 2595:, resides in Australia attending 2351: 2307:Bolivarian Militia and colectivos 2225: 1179:Tibisay Lucena, president of the 1111:led government supporters to the 869: 658:Following the death of President 617:Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) 296:Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) 251:(Student opposition organization) 8020:Ecological Movement of Venezuela 7422: 7372: 7340: 7312: 7251: 7223: 7195: 7167: 7108: 7068: 7042: 7014: 6986: 6927: 6899: 6871: 6843: 6798:Committee to Protect Journalists 6755: 6727: 6699: 6671: 6643: 6615: 6587: 6490: 6462: 6379: 6350: 6322: 6290: 6268: 6242: 6205: 6178: 6152: 6095: 6003: 5975: 5919: 5886: 5858: 5830: 5802: 5774: 5742: 5714: 5700: 5688: 5662: 5613: 5557: 3186:Goodman, Joshua (9 April 2017). 2372:Committee to Protect Journalists 2238: 2030: 1954: 1834: 1684: 1666: 1648: 1630: 1612: 1594: 1576: 1558: 1540: 1522: 1504: 1486: 1468: 1450: 1432: 1414: 1396: 1376: 1358: 1340: 1322: 1304: 1286: 1065:2017 Caracas helicopter incident 1009: 841:The "Tank Woman", who prevented 664:chronic shortages of basic goods 501: 492: 483: 473: 442: 433: 422: 405: 396: 337: 320: 310: 300: 282: 197: 184: 138: 72: 61: 50: 43: 5758:. 6 August 2017. Archived from 5531: 5475: 5447: 5419: 5391: 5277: 5216: 5096: 5040: 4906: 4787: 4759: 4731: 4703: 4675: 4647: 4619: 4591: 4562: 4501: 4469: 4353: 4299: 4271: 4215: 4187: 4100: 4072: 4046: 4028: 4010: 3977: 3888: 3862: 3805: 3776: 3748: 3613: 3548: 3520: 3435: 3413: 3354: 3149: 3104:. 31 March 2017. Archived from 3057: 3029: 2792:. 20 April 2017. Archived from 2650:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 2196:Unidentified Venezuelan general 2140:Organized groups, known as the 2108:that are extremely dangerous". 2092:, a chemist and teacher of the 1886:Venezuelan Episcopal Conference 876:Organization of American States 700:, presenting a petition to the 677:Due to the discontent with the 31:Protests against Nicolás Maduro 7582:Restorative Liberal Revolution 6038:Martín, Karina (16 May 2017). 5351:. 17 July 2017. Archived from 4983:Camacho, Yonny (22 May 2017). 4913:Rushe, Dominic (30 May 2017). 4795:"Asesinaron a joven en Valera" 4416:Miroff, Nick (27 April 2017). 4306:Dwyer, Colin (19 April 2017). 3163:. 1 April 2017. Archived from 2846:López, Virginia (9 May 2017). 2839: 2183: 2116: 1261: 637:Crisis in Bolivarian Venezuela 611:As the tension continued, the 1: 7356:. 17 May 2017. Archived from 6659:(in Spanish). 1 February 2017 6565:Iriarte, D. (19 April 2017). 6306:. 5 June 2017. Archived from 6303:Latin American Herald Tribune 5893:Mora, Fanny (8 August 2017). 4569:Brooks, Nathan (4 May 2017). 4056:. El Nacional. Archived from 3991:Latin American Herald Tribune 3929:Latin American Herald Tribune 3283:"The House That Chavez Built" 3221:Dreier, Hannah (4 May 2017). 2675: 2429: 2111: 1911:Antonio José Benavides Torres 1803: 926:, essentially nullifying the 919:, the third in modern times. 889:Constituent assembly proposal 630: 625:Constituent Assembly election 619:dissolved the opposition-led 350:Pro-government paramilitaries 96:. Millions gather during the 85:Top to bottom, left to right: 7462:(in Spanish). Archived from 6970:(in Spanish). Archived from 5903:(in Spanish). Archived from 5710:. Smartmatic. 2 August 2017. 4018:"Opinion: Coup in Venezuela" 3533:International New York Times 3258:Kevin Voigt (6 March 2013). 2737:(in Spanish). Archived from 2533:Carmen Teresa Meléndez Rivas 2476:the Spanish channel Antena 3 2136:bearing shields at a protest 910:destroyed in Zulia on 5 May. 7: 7956:Democratic Unity Roundtable 7945:People's Electoral Movement 7879:Supreme Tribunal of Justice 7155:(in Spanish). 20 April 2017 7124:(in Spanish). 21 April 2017 6831:(in Spanish). 20 April 2017 6715:(in Spanish). 17 April 2017 6687:(in Spanish). 17 April 2017 6478:(in Spanish). 15 April 2017 6083:(in Spanish). 16 April 2017 5874:(in Spanish). 8 August 2017 5372:Democratic Unity Roundtable 4231:(in Spanish). 19 April 2017 4203:(in Spanish). 19 April 2017 3423:. Reuters. 30 December 2013 2824:Radio France Internationale 2643: 2269:José Rafael Torrealba Pérez 1794: 1113:Palacio Federal Legislativo 1102:Venezuelan referendum, 2017 1041:party, including the local 928:2018 presidential elections 736: 683:2015 parliamentary election 214:Democratic Unity Roundtable 108:, a demonstrator killed by 10: 8354: 7652:2017 constitutional crisis 6338:(in Spanish). 8 April 2017 5573:(in Spanish). 31 July 2017 5463:(in Spanish). 18 July 2017 5232:(in Spanish). 27 June 2017 3045:(in Spanish). 13 June 2017 2572: 2481: 2433: 2310: 2122: 1985: 1947:Raids in residential areas 1819: 1181:National Electoral Council 1149: 1099: 1096:2017 Venezuelan referendum 1062: 845:from repressing protesters 799: 763: 740: 702:National Electoral Council 634: 8289: 8210: 8137: 8128: 8049: 8040: 7993: 7953: 7925:Movement We Are Venezuela 7908: 7781:Human rights in Venezuela 7766: 7757: 7688: 7679: 7627:1992 coup d'état attempts 7562:Revolution of the Reforms 7532: 7523: 6943:(in Spanish). 10 May 2017 6915:(in Spanish). 10 May 2017 5140:(in Spanish). 23 May 2017 5056:(in Spanish). 22 May 2017 5028:(in Spanish). 22 May 2017 4803:(in Spanish). 21 May 2017 2557:, featuring US president 2237: 2232: 2029: 2024: 1833: 1828: 1257: 987:Central Bank of Venezuela 972:Official Gazette N° 6,298 586: 578: 570: 565: 521: 516: 392: 387: 176: 171: 153: 131: 118: 102:Francisco Fajardo Freeway 36: 28: 23: 8338:2017 Venezuelan protests 7798:Administrative divisions 7657:2019 presidential crisis 7637:2002 coup d'état attempt 7572:Revindicating Revolution 7183:(in Spanish). 6 May 2017 6887:(in Spanish). 9 May 2017 6859:(in Spanish). 6 May 2017 4691:(in Spanish). 8 May 2017 4663:(in Spanish). 6 May 2017 4635:(in Spanish). 5 May 2017 4607:(in Spanish). 5 May 2017 2665:2019 Venezuelan protests 2660:2014 Venezuelan protests 2360: 2214:and have civilians face 2094:Simón Bolívar University 1905:In a 15 June statement, 1712: 1220:By 8 August, a national 598:2017 Venezuelan protests 275:(Protest defense groups) 24:2017 Venezuelan protests 7771:Corruption in Venezuela 4576:The Florida Times-Union 2766:Deutsche Presse-Agentur 2569:International reactions 2436:Censorship in Venezuela 2296:El Hatillo Municipality 2125:Resistencia (Venezuela) 1778: 1757: 1023:Council of the Americas 817:On 19 April 2017, the " 8096:Science and technology 8010:Movement for Socialism 7920:United Socialist Party 7642:2002–03 general strike 2584:foreign universities. 2561:and French politician 2499: 2445: 2381: 2366:Attacks on journalists 2256: 2193: 2137: 2073:Use of chemical agents 2062: 1933: 1923:Gustavo González López 1915:Vladimir Padrino López 1903: 1873: 1767: 1750: 1740: 1729: 1205: 1169: 1081: 1018: 966: 911: 846: 819:mother of all protests 814: 784:On 29 March 2017, the 781: 655: 548:Hundreds of thousands 246:Movimiento Estudiantil 6191:Amnesty International 6186:"VENEZUELA 2017/2018" 2573:Further information: 2489: 2443: 2434:Further information: 2376: 2317:Colectivo (Venezuela) 2311:Further information: 2254: 2188: 2132: 2079:Amnesty International 2060: 1931: 1890: 1869: 1809:Amnesty International 1765: 1748: 1727:Mother of All Marches 1720: 1203: 1167: 1100:Further information: 1068: 1014: 964: 954:, an act compared to 905: 840: 809: 802:Mother of All Marches 796:Mother of All Marches 779: 760:Constitutional crisis 653: 530:Mother of All Marches 257:Opposition protesters 98:Mother of All Marches 7996:Agreement for Change 7935:For Social Democracy 7911:Great Patriotic Pole 7776:Torture in Venezuela 7745:World Heritage Sites 7720:Environmental issues 4138:. NPR. 19 April 2017 2620:The 2018 short film 2548:The Binary Guardians 1822:Torture in Venezuela 1266:States and Districts 948:La Villa del Rosario 917:constituent assembly 428:María Corina Machado 356:Great Patriotic Pole 8182:List of Venezuelans 8005:Progressive Advance 7793:Crisis in Venezuela 7547:War of Independence 7360:on 17 December 2018 7353:The Washington Post 6974:on 25 February 2021 6310:on 25 February 2019 5647:The Washington Post 5598:The Washington Post 5263:NBC 6 South Florida 5169:The Washington Post 5025:Diario Las Americas 4423:The Washington Post 3998:on 25 February 2019 3964:The Washington Post 3936:on 25 February 2021 3239:on 6 September 2018 3167:on 25 February 2021 3101:Buenos Aires Herald 2510:Carnet de la Patria 2505:Carnet de la Patria 2492:Carnet de la Patria 1214:Valencia, Venezuela 1059:Helicopter incident 1048:Chavez's revolution 262:Opposition students 8172:Indigenous peoples 8106:Telecommunications 7703:metropolitan areas 6213:Human Rights Watch 6137:Human Rights Watch 5816:The New York Times 4519:on 11 January 2018 3762:Americas Quarterly 3755:Corrales, Javier. 3627:. 23 December 2015 3599:The New York Times 3566:on 7 November 2020 3367:CIA World Factbook 3161:Sky News Australia 3135:The New York Times 3017:. 13 February 2018 2880:The New York Times 2615:In popular culture 2563:Jean-Luc Mélenchon 2500: 2446: 2323:Bolivarian Militia 2313:Bolivarian Militia 2257: 2216:military tribunals 2138: 2063: 1994:Human Rights Watch 1966:. You can help by 1934: 1907:Human Rights Watch 1899:Human Rights Watch 1816:Torture and abuses 1768: 1751: 1730: 1244:Christmas protests 1227:regional elections 1206: 1170: 967: 912: 863:Central University 847: 815: 782: 656: 326:Bolivarian Militia 8325: 8324: 8285: 8284: 8124: 8123: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 7980:Democratic Action 7845:National Assembly 7825:Foreign relations 7753: 7752: 7675: 7674: 7542:Captaincy General 7466:on 12 August 2023 7434:In Focus-Magazine 5907:on 10 August 2017 5538:Bronstein, Hugh. 5355:on 15 April 2018. 3904:. 7 December 2016 3850:. 26 October 2016 3847:Ámbito Financiero 3734:Los Angeles Times 3708:. 20 October 2016 3536:. 24 January 2015 3508:on 3 October 2020 3475:. 19 January 2015 3449:. 7 November 2013 2451:Tareck El Aissami 2249: 2248: 2058: 2047: 2046: 1988:Operation Tun Tun 1984: 1983: 1851: 1850: 1710: 1709: 1382:Capital District 1270:Number of deaths 1238:Democratic Action 1165: 1109:Tareck El Aissami 1090:National Assembly 993:voted to ask the 991:National Assembly 903: 777: 750:Henrique Capriles 728:Henry Ramos Allup 717:Henrique Capriles 651: 621:National Assembly 594: 593: 561: 560: 507:Luisa Ortega Díaz 489:Tareck El Aissami 466:Luisa Ortega Díaz 460:Rafaela Requesens 439:Henrique Capriles 417:Henry Ramos Allup 383: 382: 204:National Assembly 8345: 8305: 8298: 8135: 8134: 8047: 8046: 7998: 7958: 7913: 7906: 7905: 7897: 7896: 7764: 7763: 7686: 7685: 7602:1958 coup d'état 7597:El Trienio Adeco 7530: 7529: 7506: 7499: 7492: 7483: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7344: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7316: 7310: 7309: 7307: 7305: 7288: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7188: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7143: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7129: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7099: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 6990: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6959: 6953: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6819: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6759: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6731: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6720: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6591: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6562: 6553: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6531: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6438: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6383: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6272: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6261: 6246: 6240: 6239: 6235:978-1-6231-35492 6227: 6209: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6182: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6099: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6071: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6048:. 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Archived from 3233:Associated Press 3218: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3198:Associated Press 3183: 3177: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3108:on 11 April 2019 3092: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3005: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2984:. 1 January 2018 2972: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2939: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2902: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2815: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2780: 2771: 2770: 2760: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2741:on 26 March 2019 2724: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2703:The Miami Herald 2693: 2525:Diosdado Cabello 2521:Ernesto Villegas 2338:Diosdado Cabello 2242: 2241: 2230: 2229: 2197: 2059: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2022: 2021: 1979: 1976: 1958: 1951: 1901: 1880: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1826: 1825: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1618: 1616: 1615: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1546: 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7373: 7363: 7361: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7331: 7329: 7318: 7317: 7313: 7303: 7301: 7289: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7256: 7252: 7242: 7240: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7211:. 1 August 2017 7201: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7184: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7145: 7144: 7137: 7127: 7125: 7114: 7113: 7109: 7093: 7092: 7085: 7083: 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7047: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7020: 7019: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6960: 6956: 6946: 6944: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6821: 6820: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6800:. 12 April 2017 6792: 6791: 6784: 6774: 6772: 6761: 6760: 6756: 6746: 6744: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6705: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6649: 6648: 6644: 6634: 6632: 6621: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6578: 6576: 6572:El Confidencial 6563: 6556: 6546: 6544: 6532: 6523: 6513: 6511: 6510:on 14 July 2018 6496: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6439: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6407: 6406: 6402: 6392: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6370: 6368: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6259: 6257: 6256:on 16 July 2018 6248: 6247: 6243: 6236: 6225: 6210: 6206: 6196: 6194: 6184: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6167: 6166:. 8 August 2017 6158: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6130: 6129: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6086: 6084: 6073: 6072: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6052:on 12 June 2017 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6009: 6008: 6004: 5994: 5992: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5910: 5908: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5790:. 6 August 2017 5780: 5779: 5775: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5730:. 2 August 2017 5720: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5676:on 31 July 2017 5668: 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5650:. 4 August 2017 5640: 5639: 5635: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5602: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5563: 5562: 5558: 5548: 5546: 5536: 5532: 5522: 5520: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5466: 5464: 5453: 5452: 5448: 5438: 5436: 5425: 5424: 5420: 5410: 5408: 5397: 5396: 5392: 5382: 5380: 5379:on 18 July 2017 5365: 5364: 5360: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5300: 5298: 5283: 5282: 5278: 5268: 5266: 5257: 5256: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5204:on 28 June 2017 5197:Diario Panorama 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5160: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5115: 5113: 5102: 5101: 5097: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5018: 5017: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4981: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4950: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4894:. 10 April 2018 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4860: 4859: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4793: 4792: 4788: 4778: 4776: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4709: 4708: 4704: 4694: 4692: 4681: 4680: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4492: 4490: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4460: 4458: 4457:. 27 April 2017 4443: 4442: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4414: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4397:. 27 April 2017 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4369:. 26 April 2017 4359: 4358: 4354: 4344: 4342: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4287:. 19 April 2017 4277: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4259:. 20 April 2017 4249: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4175:. 19 April 2017 4165: 4164: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4129: 4119: 4117: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4060:on 2 April 2019 4052: 4051: 4047: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3956: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3922: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3840: 3839: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 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2725: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2694: 2683: 2678: 2646: 2628:Diego Vicentini 2617: 2593:Delcy Rodríguez 2589:Jorge Rodríguez 2581: 2571: 2529:Delcy Rodríguez 2484: 2438: 2432: 2368: 2363: 2354: 2319: 2309: 2304: 2302:Civilian groups 2239: 2228: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2181: 2179:Law enforcement 2127: 2121: 2114: 2075: 2049: 2036: 2031: 2025:External videos 2020: 2018:Use of firearms 2007: 2005:Use of tear gas 1990: 1980: 1974: 1971: 1964:needs expansion 1949: 1941:Sexual violence 1902: 1897: 1882: 1875: 1840: 1835: 1829:External videos 1824: 1818: 1806: 1797: 1781: 1760: 1743: 1715: 1685: 1683: 1667: 1665: 1649: 1647: 1631: 1629: 1613: 1611: 1595: 1593: 1577: 1575: 1559: 1557: 1541: 1539: 1523: 1521: 1505: 1503: 1487: 1485: 1469: 1467: 1451: 1449: 1433: 1431: 1415: 1413: 1397: 1395: 1383: 1359: 1357: 1341: 1339: 1323: 1321: 1305: 1303: 1287: 1285: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1198: 1156: 1154: 1148: 1132: 1104: 1098: 1080: 1074: 1067: 1061: 1027: 1020: 1012: 999:Lloyd Blankfein 893: 891: 872: 811:Altamira Square 804: 798: 770: 768: 762: 745: 739: 641: 639: 633: 608:'s government. 557: 552: 549: 547: 542: 535: 533: 512: 511: 500: 491: 482: 474: 472: 469: 463: 457: 451: 441: 431: 420: 414: 404: 379: 360: 359: 353: 347: 343:National Police 277: 274: 273: 265: 254: 250: 249: 242: 218: 217: 210: 206: 198: 196: 194: 183: 149: 139: 137: 125: 123: 114: 88: 87: 82: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 68: 67: 66: 57: 56: 55: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8351: 8341: 8340: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8307: 8306: 8299: 8291: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8240:Miss Venezuela 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8216: 8214: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8138: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8101:Stock Exchange 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8061: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8001: 7999: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7987: 7985:Come Venezuela 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7961: 7959: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7916: 7914: 7903: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7869: 7867:Vice President 7864: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7778: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7735:National parks 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7632:Vargas tragedy 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7607:Puntofijo Pact 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7587:1902–03 crisis 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7509: 7508: 7501: 7494: 7486: 7478: 7477: 7446: 7421: 7399: 7371: 7339: 7311: 7298:The Australian 7276: 7250: 7222: 7194: 7166: 7135: 7107: 7067: 7041: 7013: 6985: 6954: 6926: 6898: 6870: 6842: 6811: 6782: 6754: 6726: 6698: 6670: 6642: 6614: 6586: 6554: 6521: 6489: 6461: 6428: 6400: 6378: 6349: 6321: 6289: 6267: 6241: 6234: 6204: 6177: 6151: 6140:. 15 June 2017 6120: 6094: 6063: 6030: 6002: 5974: 5946: 5918: 5885: 5857: 5829: 5801: 5773: 5741: 5713: 5699: 5687: 5661: 5633: 5612: 5601:. 28 July 2017 5584: 5556: 5530: 5519:. 30 July 2017 5502: 5491:. 20 July 2017 5474: 5446: 5418: 5390: 5358: 5353:" the original 5336: 5325:. 16 July 2017 5308: 5297:on 9 July 2017 5276: 5265:. 27 June 2017 5243: 5215: 5182: 5151: 5123: 5095: 5067: 5039: 5004: 4970: 4939: 4905: 4879: 4850: 4814: 4786: 4758: 4730: 4702: 4674: 4646: 4618: 4590: 4561: 4530: 4500: 4468: 4436: 4408: 4380: 4352: 4338:Bloomberg L.P. 4324: 4298: 4270: 4242: 4214: 4186: 4149: 4127: 4099: 4071: 4045: 4027: 4009: 3976: 3947: 3915: 3901:Deutsche Welle 3887: 3861: 3830: 3817:CNN en Español 3804: 3775: 3747: 3719: 3690: 3664: 3653:. 21 June 2016 3638: 3612: 3577: 3547: 3519: 3486: 3460: 3434: 3412: 3385: 3374:on 17 May 2020 3353: 3327: 3301: 3288:Foreign Policy 3273: 3250: 3210: 3178: 3148: 3119: 3084: 3056: 3028: 2995: 2962: 2925: 2892: 2866: 2838: 2807: 2796:on 4 July 2019 2772: 2752: 2716: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2633:The 2023 film 2631: 2616: 2613: 2605:Doral, Florida 2570: 2567: 2542:Following the 2483: 2480: 2431: 2428: 2411:the reporter. 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2353: 2352:Ban on imports 2350: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2273:National Guard 2247: 2246: 2235: 2234: 2233:External image 2227: 2226:Use of snipers 2224: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2123:Main article: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2090:Mónica Kräuter 2074: 2071: 2045: 2044: 2027: 2026: 2019: 2016: 2006: 2003: 1982: 1981: 1961: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1919:Néstor Reverol 1895: 1878:Nicolás Maduro 1868: 1849: 1848: 1831: 1830: 1817: 1814: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1780: 1777: 1759: 1756: 1742: 1739: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1446: 1445: 1442: 1428: 1427: 1424: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1392: 1391: 1388: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1300: 1299: 1296: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1232:Following the 1197: 1194: 1150:Main article: 1147: 1144: 1131: 1125: 1097: 1094: 1076:Nicolas Maduro 1072: 1063:Main article: 1060: 1057: 1013: 1011: 1008: 890: 887: 871: 870:OAS withdrawal 868: 851:paramilitaries 800:Main article: 797: 794: 764:Main article: 761: 758: 741:Main article: 738: 735: 635:Main article: 632: 629: 606:Nicolás Maduro 592: 591: 588: 584: 583: 580: 576: 575: 572: 568: 567: 563: 562: 559: 558: 555: 553: 546: 545: 526: 519: 518: 514: 513: 480:Nicolás Maduro 470: 454:Lilian Tintori 411:Freddy Guevara 402:Leopoldo López 394: 393: 390: 389: 385: 384: 381: 380: 346: 345: 335: 330: 329: 328: 318: 316:National Guard 298: 280: 278: 264: 263: 181: 174: 173: 169: 168: 167: 166: 163: 155: 151: 150: 135: 133: 129: 128: 124:December 2017 120: 116: 115: 83: 71: 70: 69: 60: 59: 58: 49: 42: 41: 40: 39: 38: 37: 34: 33: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8350: 8339: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8293: 8292: 8288: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8039: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7992: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7965:Justice First 7963: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7952: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7877: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7612:El Carupanazo 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7556:reunification 7553: 7552:Gran Colombia 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7514: 7507: 7502: 7500: 7495: 7493: 7488: 7487: 7484: 7465: 7461: 7460:Revista Ronda 7457: 7450: 7435: 7431: 7425: 7409: 7403: 7388:. 17 May 2017 7387: 7386: 7381: 7375: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7343: 7328:. 11 May 2017 7327: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7265: 7264:El Carabobeño 7261: 7254: 7238: 7237: 7232: 7226: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7170: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7142: 7140: 7123: 7122: 7117: 7111: 7103: 7097: 7082: 7078: 7071: 7056: 7052: 7045: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7017: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6989: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6958: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6874: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6846: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6787: 6771:. 2 June 2017 6770: 6769: 6764: 6758: 6743:. 27 May 2017 6742: 6741: 6736: 6730: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6702: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6674: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6646: 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"5". 6218: 6214: 6208: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6109:. 20 May 2017 6108: 6104: 6098: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6006: 5991: 5990: 5985: 5978: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5950: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5861: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5777: 5761: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5745: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5709: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5637: 5629: 5628: 5623: 5616: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5560: 5545: 5544:Reuters India 5541: 5534: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5506: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5478: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5422: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5362: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5312: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5290:Efecto Cocuyo 5286: 5280: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5219: 5203: 5199: 5198: 5193: 5186: 5171: 5170: 5165: 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