297:, the Cybercrime Law is a "disaster for LGBT people". Lorena Stella Martini, Jordan researcher at the European Council on Foreign Relations, maintained, "the new law de facto criminalizes the online activities of the Jordanian LGBTQ community, with broad repercussions on offline life as a whole". According to a Jordanian activist, “The new law will destroy all forms of LGBTQ+ expression online” and intensify “interference in people's private lives.” The vague terminology such as "pornographic" in Article 13 could lead to arresting individuals for content that expresses various sexualities or gender identities. The same goes for other vague terms such as “expose public morals,” “debauchery,” and “seduction” which are listed in Article 14, allow for abuse, and could easily restrict LGBTQ+ content by falsely linking immorality to a variety of sexual orientations.
193:
reforms,” and that “the government is trying to limit people from defending themselves while reinforcing customary provisions that harm the nation and its citizens.” Additionally, MP Hassan Al Riyati described the law as a “coup against democracy in Jordan,” and MP Yanal
Freihat criticized the law’s "irrational and unrealistic" penalties. The Jordan Press Association issued an official statement rejecting several amendments to the Draft Cybercrime Law, stating that it “contributes to silencing people and restricting press and public freedoms.” Research revealed that the law is largely perceived negatively, being depicted as a "SILENCER, BARBED WIRES, and HANDCUFFS," which implies that it limits freedom of speech and suggests that citizens are viewed as potential criminals under the new law.
90:, argue that the law's vague terminology and severe penalties undermine freedom of speech and expression. High-profile figures such as Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Saleh Al Armouti, and MP Hassan Al Riyati have openly condemned the law, describing it as a regression from democratic principles. In addition, international human rights organizations and bodies, including Human Rights Watch and the European Union, have expressed alarm, warning that the law threatens civil liberties and tightens government control over the internet. The broad and ambiguous language used in the law's provisions has led to fears of increased censorship and arbitrary enforcement, further fueling public dissent and protests against the government's approach to regulating online activity.
197:
reneges on reforms,” and with it, “the government is trying to limit people from defending themselves while reinforcing customary provisions that harm the nation and its citizens.” Additionally, MP, Hassan Al Riyati, described the law as being a “coup against democracy in Jordan”. MP, Yanal
Freihat, also criticised the law and its imposed "irrational and unrealistic" penalties. Similarly, the board of the Jordan Press Association issued an official statement expressing its rejection of several amendments to the Draft Cybercrime Law, and stated that “it contributes to silencing people and restricting press and public freedoms.”
82:
digital rights conventions. It took effect on
September 13, 2023. The law is being used to harass and arrest Jordanians participating in the current pro-Palestine protests across the country. This new bill, consisting of 41 articles, sought to replace the Cybercrime Law No. 27 of 2015. Although the government's intentions were to combat online crimes and protect societal interests, the swift passage of this law without public debate or dialogue with political parties and civil society organizations has raised significant concerns among various stakeholders.
99:
320:, many of these protesters were detained "for a day or a weekend, but now some people have been detained for months for a tweet, a retweet, or even sharing a private story on Instagram to twist their arm and to say: ‘Quiet down and don't go down on the street.’” Activists and protesters started reporting on people who were arbitrarily arrested for their exercising their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful assembly or simply for their chants under the hashtags:
1070:
316:, at least a thousand protester, between October and December, was arrested and charged with the 2023 Cybercrimes Law, "for social media posts expressing pro-Palestinian sentiments, criticizing the authorities’ peace or economic deals with Israel or calling for public strikes and protests." The crackdown on activists and protesters has been carried out by security and intelligence forces. According to an anonymous Jordanian researcher who reported to
22:
968:
239:, and 11 other organizations expressed concern and urged the Jordanian government to immediately withdraw the proposed "draconian" cybercrimes law as it threatens "freedom of expression, the right to information, and the right to privacy, as well as tight government control over the internet". According to the aforementioned human rights organisations, the law is problematic because:
1389:
1095:
110:(Article 17), "false news" (Article 15), defamation (Article 20), or hate speech (Article 17). The draft consisted of 41 articles and was meant to replace the previous Cybercrime Law No. 27 of 2015. By the end of the month, the lower house of Parliament and Senate passed the law with a few amendments and on August 12, 2023, it was ratified by the King.
260:
It implements new social media regulations. For instance, Article 37 forces social media accounts that have more than 100.000 subscriber to establish offices in the country to receive governmental and judicial requests. Noncompliance to this would penalize users with slowing down the internet in what
256:
It would make online privacy less secure. For instance, Article 12 criminalizes “circumvent the IP address by using a fictitious address or an address belonging to a third party, or by any other means, with the intent of committing a crime or preventing its discovery” forcing people to choose between
192:
The draft law was criticized by legal experts, human rights advocates, and various government officials, MPs, and
Ministers. According to Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Saleh Al Armouti, “Jordan will become a big jail.” Al Armouti added that the law “goes against reason and intellect and reneges on
356:
report, one was detained and sentenced to three months in jail for three tweets he published in
October, in addition to a 5,000 Jordanian Dinar (Approx. US$ 7,000) fine. A woman was also detained for publishing a video on X that shows police breaking up the pro-Palestine protests and reported being
178:
The penalties range from imprisonment to hefty fines or both depending on the cybercrime. Prison terms range from one week to three years and the fines range from 300 Jordanian Dinar to JD 75.000 (423 US Dollar to 105,000 US Dollar). As per Yahya
Choucair, expert in media laws, “anyone who reads the
344:
documented the cases of five political activists who were dteianed and charged under the cybercrime law for “inciting sedition, strife, and hatred”, “sending, re-sending, or publishing libelous or slanderous information”, “defaming an official body” and “publishing pictures, information, or news of
109:
In July 2023, the
Jordanian Government proposed a cybercrime bill that criminalises online speech deemed to “expose public morals” (Article 14), “stir up strife” (Article 17), “insult religion” (Article 17), constitute “character assassination” (Article 16), “calls for or justification of violence”
200:
Hundreds of people went out to the streets on Friday 28 July 2023, to protest the cybercrime draft law and called for the government to resign. The protestors included civil society organisations, political parties and public figures. Moreover, many journalists and social media influencers deleted
196:
The draft law was criticised from legal experts, [human rights advocates, and from various government officials, MPs, and
Ministers. According to Deputy Leader of the Opposition, Saleh Al Armouti, “Jordan will become a big jail.” Al Armouti added that the law “goes against reason and intellect and
360:
Nevertheless, as Lama Fakih, Middle East director at Human Rights Watch noted, the current regional crisis is used by Jordan as a guise to restrict
Jordanians' freedom to expression and "recent cases have proven that authorities have and will continue to abuse vague provisions of the cybercrimes
113:
The swift passage of the law did not allow for a public debate to take place regarding the law and its provisions and neither allowed for a dialogue with political parties or civil society organisations. In 2017, the government proposed amendments to the
Cybercrime Law No. 27 of 2015 and received
276:
issued a statement maintaining that the provisions of the law "depart from international human rights standards and could result in limiting freedom of expression online and offline". It also urged the Jordanian government to ensure full respect to fundamental freedoms while imlementing the law.
247:
It impedes the right to free speech and information access, and exacerbates internet censorship. For instance, Article 24 criminalizes publishing information on law enforcement officials or publicly criticizing them preventing law enforcement officials or governmental authorities from being held
81:
ratified a new cybercrime law, Law No. 17 of 2023, which threatens Jordanians' freedom of expression, their right to anonymity, and their right to access information. The law does not meet international human rights standards nor principles which are included in the country's previously ratified
250:
a norm, to be characterized as a ‘law’, must be formulated with sufficient precision to enable an individual to regulate his or her conduct accordingly and it must be made accessible to the public. A law may not confer unfettered discretion for the restriction of freedom of expression on those
284:
also criticized the legislation and its swift enactment which raised concerns regarding its transparency and participation. It also stated that the law's articles "fail to comply with international human rights law requirements of legality, legitimate aim, necessity and proportionality for
257:
being able to freely express their thoughts online and maintaining the security of their identity. Not to mention, it hinders the work of human rights defenders and investigative journalists, who rely on VPNs and proxies to carry their work, and exposes them to arbitrary arrests.
1120:
518:
201:
their online accounts in protest against the House of Representatives's approval of the draft. Also, many activists launched online campaigns demanding the withdrawal of the draft law. The online campaigns were launched under the following hashtags:
1134:
136:
also indicated that Jordan fell 26 places (from 120th to 146th) in their 2023 World Press Freedom Index. Around 300 websites, social media platforms, and applications were already banned across the country. Not to mention, the social media platform
902:
room", Logos are displayed on the screens at the cyberattack training facility "immersive cyberattack; Puteaux, at the Galileo Global Education in; Paris, west of; May 2, on; Images, 2023-CHRISTOPHE ARCHAMBAULT/AFP via Getty (2023-07-25).
243:
It employs extremely general and ambiguous terminology, such as: “promoting, instigating aiding or inciting immorality”, “character assassination”; “ inciting sedition or undermining national unity”; and “contempt for religions”,
1007:
1159:
85:
Furthermore, the enactment of the Cybercrime Law No. 17 of 2023 has sparked widespread controversy both locally and internationally. Critics, including legal experts, human rights advocates, and members of the
179:
provisions of Articles 15, 16, and 17 of the Cybercrime Law will realize that the severe fines, which reach 70,000 Jordanian dinars , completely nullify the right to freedom of opinion and expression”.
269:
The US State Department also criticised the Law in an official statement and warned of its effect on the online and offline freedom of expression, political reform efforts, and digital economy.
1519:
352:(HRW) published a report interviewing people who have been artbitrarily detained, harassed and summoned by the General Intelligence Directorate under the new cybercrimes law. According to the
345:
law enforcement officials”. Many of these detainees were not only denied access to lawyers but were only released upon signing a pledge to stop protesting contrary to international standards.
309:, daily pro-Palestine protests have been taking place near the Israeli Embassy, in Amman's Al Rabyieh neighbourhood, and on Fridays, huge demonstrations have been staged in downtown Amman.
248:
accountable. This contradicts with the international freedom of expression standards of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which Jordan has ratified and states that “
357:
repeatedly asked by the governor “is Gaza worth all of this?”, “You sit in your home, you eat, drink, sleep, and go to the protest and go back home and we make this safe for you.”
983:"النائب ينال فريحات: مشروع قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية "سيف مسلط" على الحريات في البلاد ويجب رد القانون - فيديو | الأردن اليوم | وكالة أنباء سرايا الإخبارية - حرية سقفها السماء"
1212:
306:
1366:
699:
281:
904:
1447:
928:
501:
1226:
797:
1416:
149:
The Cybercrime Law No. 17 of 2023 consists of 41 articles and criminalizes online-related activities that include but are not limited to:
389:
905:"In Jordan, rights groups sound alarm over controversial cybercrime bill - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"
1400:
1313:
1338:
1268:
723:
630:
519:"قانون "الجرائم الإلكترونية" المعدّل يثير ضجة في الأردن: انقلاب على الديمقراطية والتحديث و"ردّة عن الإصلاح" تكرس الاستبداد"
156:
creating false social media accounts or websites or applications and falsely attributing them to legal or natural persons;
1292:
474:
125:, the law's enactment was necessary to combat online crimes that violated people's privacy and caused societal friction.
943:
878:
128:
Noteworthy to mention, Jordan has been previously criticized for its restrictive laws and public policies. According to
1034:"Jordanians' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Amended Cyber Crime Law in Jordan: A Visual and Multimodal Analysis"
853:
771:
443:
531:
64:
1554:
31:
422:
117:
In the context of multiple prosecutions of critical writers and journalists, such as the Jordanian satirist
1367:"The Growing Threat of Cybercrime Law Abuse: LGBTQ+ Rights in MENA and the UN Cybercrime Draft Convention"
133:
700:"Latest Cybercrime Law amendments once again risk curbing free speech in Jordan | MENA Rights Group"
42:
317:
227:
International controversy regarding the law also started before it was ratified. On July 24, 2023,
102:
1251:
618:
1032:
Zibin, Aseel; Altakhaineh, Abdel Rahman Mitib; Abuanzeh, Amal; Kabbaha, Ahmad Ali (2024-06-26).
35:
132:'s recent evaluation of political rights and civil liberties, Jordan is a "non-free" country.
1549:
1038:
International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique
747:
341:
313:
78:
262:
118:
87:
46:
8:
1559:
1252:"إعلان من المؤتمر الصحفي اليومي لوزارة الخارجية حول قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية المُقترح"
353:
349:
294:
228:
390:"Jordan king ratifies cybercrime law as journalists prosecuted for social media posts"
1269:"Jordan: Statement by the Spokesperson on the revision of the Cybercrimes Law | EEAS"
1049:
922:
805:
1293:""قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية" الأردني الجديد كارثة لمجتمع الميم | Human Rights Watch"
1183:
1041:
655:
122:
1314:"Jordan: Cybercrime law slams free speech as criminal content – DW – 08/25/2023"
1210:
1045:
829:
273:
174:
publishing information on how to manufacture weapons, ammunition or explosives.
1473:
1121:"موجة احتجاج في الأردن على شبكات التواصل ضد مشروع "قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية""
1071:"احتجاجات في الأردن على قانون "الجرائم الإلكترونية".. وصحفيون يغلقون حساباتهم"
1008:"مجلس نقابة الصحفيين الأردنيين يصدر بيانا حول مشروع قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية"
772:"Proposed cybercrime law would deal new blow to press freedom in Jordan | RSF"
475:"Jordan: Arrests, Harassment of Pro-Palestine Protesters | Human Rights Watch"
1543:
1053:
1033:
809:
129:
98:
982:
1495:
1213:"Jordan: Concerns over cybercrime legislation and shrinking of civic space"
681:
554:
377:
1339:"Beyond cybersecurity. What's hiding behind Jordan's new "draconian" law?"
542:
724:"Jordanian journalists calling out corruption muzzled by cybercrime laws"
162:
spreading misinformation and hate speech and insulting religious beliefs;
1135:"#دولة_مش_سجن.. حملة إلكترونية تطالب بإلغاء مشروع "الجرائم الإلكترونية""
555:"مجلس النواب يدرج مشروع قانون الجرائم الإلكترونية على جدول أعماله الأحد"
153:
gaining unauthorised access to information networks, or government data;
1184:"لماذا أثار مشروع قانون الجرائم الالكترونية الجديد جدلا بين الأردنيين؟"
592:
236:
232:
1227:"An Open Letter to the King of Jordan: Repeal the 2023 Cybercrime Law"
944:"Jordan: Draft Cybercrime Law Heralds Alarming Oppression of Freedoms"
879:"Jordan: Draft Cybercrime Law Heralds Alarming Oppression of Freedoms"
656:"الجرائم الإلكترونية: مشروع قانون يغلظ العقوبات ويثير الجدل في الأردن"
1448:"End draconian crackdown against pro-Palestinian activism in Jordan"
1417:"Are Jordan's government and pro-Palestinian protesters facing off?"
1211:
Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (15 August 2023).
1031:
969:"قانون جرائم إلكترونية غير صديق للحريات في مجلس النواب الأردني"
423:"Jordan: Scrap Draconian Cybercrimes Bill | Human Rights Watch"
138:
121:, this law was enacted. However, according to Prime Minister,
631:"Jordan's New Cybercrime Law Passes Despite Freedom Concerns"
168:
publishing pornographic materials using information networks;
502:"Jordan adopts cybercrime law seen as threat to free speech"
114:
widespread criticism forcing it to withdraw the amendments.
901:
1096:"احتجاجات في الأردن لسحب مشروع قانون الجرائم الالكترونية"
830:"Jordan's TikTok ban: a year later and still in effect"
1471:
285:
restrictions on the right to freedom of expression".
593:"Full Text in English of the Cybercrime Law of 2023"
171:
promoting prostitution and immoral sexual behaviour;
1249:
748:"Jordan: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report"
282:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1541:
1365:Foundation, Electronic Frontier (2023-09-29).
165:using unauthorized means for online payments;
796:Sweis, Rana F.; Rudoren, Jodi (2013-06-03).
795:
338:(Freedom for the detainees supporting Gaza)
222:
927:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
635:The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy
1364:
966:
798:"Jordan Blocks Local Access to News Sites"
686:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
614:
612:
499:
45:. Please do not remove this message until
300:
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
97:
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1337:Lab, Gościnnie dla Salam (2023-08-31).
682:"Jeopardizing Digital Rights in Jordan"
609:
1542:
941:
876:
1472:Remon Rabah ريمون رباح (2022-08-07).
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1410:
1408:
1360:
1358:
1263:
1261:
1206:
1204:
1065:
1063:
679:
572:
513:
511:
500:Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (27 July 2023).
1250:U.S. Embassy Jordan (26 July 2023).
495:
493:
491:
469:
467:
465:
463:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
307:Israel's war on Gaza in October 2023
187:
15:
1475:الحرية لجميع معتقلي الرأي في الأردن
1414:
1336:
680:Jbour, Abdullah (August 15, 2023).
326:(Freedom for prisoners of opinion)
13:
1433:
1405:
1355:
1258:
1201:
1060:
967:Al-Ziyadat, Anwar (15 July 2023).
935:
508:
216:#إسحبوا_قانون_الجرائم_الإلكترونية
141:was also banned in December 2022.
14:
1571:
488:
460:
406:
20:
1512:
1488:
1465:
1394:
1383:
1330:
1306:
1285:
1243:
1219:
1176:
1152:
1127:
1113:
1088:
1025:
1000:
975:
960:
895:
870:
846:
822:
789:
764:
740:
716:
692:
673:
648:
623:
547:
1371:Electronic Frontier Foundation
536:
525:
436:
382:
371:
219:(Withdraw the Cybercrime Law)
182:
1:
942:Ismail, Zeinab (2023-07-25).
877:Ismail, Zeinab (2023-07-25).
619:Cybercrime Law No. 27 of 2015
364:
144:
93:
1401:Fridays, huge demonstrations
1390:daily pro-Palestine protests
7:
210:#قانون_الجرائم_الالكترونية
47:conditions to do so are met
10:
1576:
1046:10.1007/s11196-024-10169-5
854:"Cybercrime Law in Jordan"
444:"Cybercrime Law in Jordan"
251:charged with its execution
1102:(in Arabic). 29 July 2023
288:
223:International controversy
207:(A country not a prison)
134:Reporters Without Borders
335:#الحرية_لمعتقلي_دعم_غزة
332:(No to muzzling mouths)
103:Palace of Justice, Amman
1295:(in Arabic). 2023-08-14
1190:(in Arabic). 2023-07-25
1141:(in Arabic). 2023-07-19
1077:(in Arabic). 2023-07-29
662:(in Arabic). 2023-07-30
1555:Human rights in Jordan
323:#الحرية_لمعتقلي_الرأي
301:Pro-Palestine protests
106:
1452:Amnesty International
348:On February 6, 2024,
342:Amnesty International
314:Amnesty International
213:(The Cybercrime Law)
101:
1484:– via YouTube.
263:bandwidth throttling
159:hacking information;
119:Ahmad Hasan Al Zoubi
88:Jordanian parliament
77:On August 12, 2023,
329:#لا_لتكميم_الافواه
305:Since the start of
123:Bisher Al Khasawneh
34:of this article is
1273:www.eeas.europa.eu
987:www.sarayanews.com
909:www.al-monitor.com
802:The New York Times
704:www.menarights.org
378:Law No. 17 of 2023
350:Human Rights watch
295:Human Rights Watch
229:Human Rights Watch
107:
1524:www.instagram.com
1500:www.instagram.com
1415:Salhani, Justin.
1164:www.instagram.com
188:Local controversy
75:
74:
67:
1567:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1444:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1058:
1057:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
979:
973:
972:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
939:
933:
932:
926:
918:
916:
915:
899:
893:
892:
890:
889:
874:
868:
867:
865:
864:
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
826:
820:
819:
817:
816:
793:
787:
786:
784:
783:
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
744:
738:
737:
735:
734:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
696:
690:
689:
677:
671:
670:
668:
667:
652:
646:
645:
643:
642:
627:
621:
616:
607:
606:
604:
603:
589:
570:
569:
567:
566:
551:
545:
540:
534:
529:
523:
522:
515:
506:
505:
497:
486:
485:
483:
482:
471:
458:
457:
455:
454:
440:
434:
433:
431:
430:
419:
404:
403:
401:
400:
386:
380:
375:
79:King Abdullah II
70:
63:
59:
56:
50:
24:
23:
16:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1248:
1244:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1123:. 22 July 2023.
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1030:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1001:
992:
990:
981:
980:
976:
965:
961:
952:
950:
940:
936:
920:
919:
913:
911:
900:
896:
887:
885:
875:
871:
862:
860:
858:www.dentons.com
852:
851:
847:
838:
836:
828:
827:
823:
814:
812:
794:
790:
781:
779:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
746:
745:
741:
732:
730:
728:Middle East Eye
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
698:
697:
693:
678:
674:
665:
663:
654:
653:
649:
640:
638:
629:
628:
624:
617:
610:
601:
599:
591:
590:
573:
564:
562:
553:
552:
548:
543:cybercrime bill
541:
537:
530:
526:
521:. 16 July 2023.
517:
516:
509:
498:
489:
480:
478:
473:
472:
461:
452:
450:
448:www.dentons.com
442:
441:
437:
428:
426:
421:
420:
407:
398:
396:
394:Middle East Eye
388:
387:
383:
376:
372:
367:
303:
291:
225:
190:
185:
147:
96:
71:
60:
54:
51:
40:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1573:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1536:
1535:
1511:
1487:
1464:
1432:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1354:
1329:
1305:
1284:
1257:
1242:
1218:
1200:
1175:
1151:
1126:
1112:
1087:
1059:
1024:
999:
974:
959:
934:
894:
869:
845:
834:en.royanews.tv
821:
788:
763:
739:
715:
691:
672:
647:
622:
608:
571:
546:
535:
524:
507:
487:
459:
435:
405:
381:
369:
368:
366:
363:
302:
299:
290:
287:
274:European Union
267:
266:
258:
254:
245:
224:
221:
189:
186:
184:
181:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
146:
143:
95:
92:
73:
72:
55:September 2024
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1572:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1294:
1288:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1253:
1246:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1189:
1188:BBC News عربي
1185:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1013:
1009:
1003:
988:
984:
978:
970:
963:
949:
945:
938:
930:
924:
910:
906:
898:
884:
880:
873:
859:
855:
849:
835:
831:
825:
811:
807:
803:
799:
792:
777:
773:
767:
753:
752:Freedom House
749:
743:
729:
725:
719:
705:
701:
695:
687:
683:
676:
661:
660:BBC News عربي
657:
651:
636:
632:
626:
620:
615:
613:
598:
594:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
560:
556:
550:
544:
539:
533:
528:
520:
514:
512:
503:
496:
494:
492:
476:
470:
468:
466:
464:
449:
445:
439:
424:
418:
416:
414:
412:
410:
395:
391:
385:
379:
374:
370:
362:
358:
355:
351:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
319:
315:
312:According to
310:
308:
298:
296:
293:According to
286:
283:
278:
275:
270:
264:
259:
255:
252:
246:
242:
241:
240:
238:
234:
230:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:#دولة_مش_سجن
202:
198:
194:
180:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
150:
142:
140:
135:
131:
130:Freedom House
126:
124:
120:
115:
111:
104:
100:
91:
89:
83:
80:
69:
66:
58:
48:
44:
38:
37:
33:
27:
18:
17:
1550:Internet law
1527:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1490:
1479:. Retrieved
1474:
1467:
1456:. Retrieved
1454:. 2024-02-06
1451:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:
1396:
1385:
1374:. Retrieved
1370:
1346:. Retrieved
1342:
1332:
1321:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1287:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1230:
1221:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:albosala.com
1138:
1129:
1115:
1104:. Retrieved
1099:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1074:
1037:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
986:
977:
962:
951:. Retrieved
947:
937:
912:. Retrieved
908:
897:
886:. Retrieved
882:
872:
861:. Retrieved
857:
848:
837:. Retrieved
833:
824:
813:. Retrieved
801:
791:
780:. Retrieved
778:. 2023-07-21
775:
766:
755:. Retrieved
751:
742:
731:. Retrieved
727:
718:
707:. Retrieved
703:
694:
685:
675:
664:. Retrieved
659:
650:
639:. Retrieved
637:. 2023-10-19
634:
625:
600:. Retrieved
597:www.josa.ngo
596:
563:. Retrieved
559:قناة المملكة
558:
549:
538:
527:
479:. Retrieved
477:. 2024-02-06
451:. Retrieved
447:
438:
427:. Retrieved
425:. 2023-07-24
397:. Retrieved
393:
384:
373:
359:
347:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
311:
304:
292:
279:
271:
268:
261:is known as
249:
226:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
199:
195:
191:
177:
148:
127:
116:
112:
108:
84:
76:
61:
52:
30:
1520:"Instagram"
1496:"Instagram"
1160:"Instagram"
1100:صحيفة العرب
1014:(in Arabic)
1012:مدار الساعة
989:(in Arabic)
561:(in Arabic)
183:Controversy
1560:Cybercrime
1544:Categories
1529:2024-05-29
1505:2024-05-29
1481:2024-05-29
1458:2024-04-09
1426:2024-04-09
1421:Al Jazeera
1376:2024-04-09
1348:2024-04-09
1323:2024-04-09
1299:2024-04-09
1278:2024-05-06
1236:2024-05-29
1231:Access Now
1194:2024-05-29
1169:2024-05-29
1145:2024-04-09
1106:2024-04-09
1081:2024-04-09
1018:2024-04-09
993:2024-05-06
953:2024-05-06
914:2024-05-19
888:2024-04-09
863:2024-04-09
839:2024-05-06
815:2024-05-06
782:2024-05-06
757:2024-04-09
733:2024-04-09
709:2024-05-06
666:2024-04-09
641:2024-04-09
602:2024-04-09
565:2024-04-09
481:2024-04-09
453:2024-05-06
429:2024-04-09
399:2024-04-09
365:References
318:Al Jazeera
237:ARTICLE 19
233:Access Now
145:Provisions
94:Background
32:neutrality
1343:Salam Lab
1054:1572-8722
810:0362-4331
43:talk page
923:cite web
532:proposed
36:disputed
776:rsf.org
1318:dw.com
1075:عربي21
1052:
808:
361:law.”
289:LGBTQ+
139:TikTok
1050:ISSN
948:SMEX
929:link
883:SMEX
806:ISSN
280:The
272:The
244:etc.
29:The
1042:doi
354:HRW
1546::
1522:.
1498:.
1450:.
1435:^
1419:.
1407:^
1369:.
1357:^
1341:.
1316:.
1271:.
1260:^
1229:.
1203:^
1186:.
1162:.
1137:.
1098:.
1073:.
1062:^
1048:.
1040:.
1036:.
1010:.
985:.
946:.
925:}}
921:{{
907:.
881:.
856:.
832:.
804:.
800:.
774:.
750:.
726:.
702:.
684:.
658:.
633:.
611:^
595:.
574:^
557:.
510:^
490:^
462:^
446:.
408:^
392:.
253:.”
235:,
231:,
1532:.
1508:.
1461:.
1429:.
1379:.
1351:.
1326:.
1302:.
1281:.
1254:.
1239:.
1215:.
1197:.
1172:.
1148:.
1109:.
1084:.
1056:.
1044::
1021:.
996:.
971:.
956:.
931:)
917:.
891:.
866:.
842:.
818:.
785:.
760:.
736:.
712:.
688:.
669:.
644:.
605:.
568:.
504:.
484:.
456:.
432:.
402:.
265:.
105:.
68:)
62:(
57:)
53:(
49:.
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
