28978 Ixion - Knowledge

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launch date of 2040 would also take just over 10 years, using a Jupiter gravity assist. By the time the spacecraft arrives in 2050, Ixion would be approximately 31 to 32 AU from the Sun. Other trajectories using gravity assists from Jupiter or Saturn have been also considered. A trajectory using gravity assists from Jupiter and Saturn could take under 22 years, based a launch date of 2035 or 2040, whereas a trajectory using one gravity assist from Saturn could take at least 19 years, based on a launch date of 2038 or 2040. Using these alternative trajectories for the spacecraft, Ixion would be approximately 30 AU from the Sun when the spacecraft arrives.

1594:, astronomers were able to more accurately measure Ixion's thermal emissions, allowing for more accurate estimates of its albedo and size. Preliminary thermal measurements with Spitzer in 2005 yielded a much higher albedo constraint of 0.25–0.50, corresponding to a diameter range of 400–550 km (250–340 mi). Further Spitzer thermal measurements at multiple wavelength ranges (bands) in 2007 yielded mean diameter estimates around 446 km (277 mi) and 573 km (356 mi) for a single-band and two-band solution for the data, respectively. From these results, the adopted mean diameter was 983: 1090: 1084: 821: 1731: 269: 1489: 5303: 1122: 1107: 263: 6266: 1497: 1203:(farthest distance). Although Ixion's orbit is similar to that of Pluto, their orbits are oriented differently: Ixion's perihelion is below the ecliptic whereas Pluto's is above it (see right image). As of 2019, Ixion is approximately 39 AU from the Sun and is currently moving closer, approaching perihelion by 2070. Simulations by the Deep Ecliptic Survey show that Ixion can acquire a perihelion distance ( 1997:, the first letter 'K' corresponds to the second half-month of May 2001 while the succeeding letter 'X' indicates that it is the 23rd object discovered on the 77th cycle of discoveries (with 76 cycles completed). Each cycle consists of 25 letters representing discoveries, hence 23 + (76 cycles × 25 letters) = 1,923. 1649:. An elliptical fit for Ixion's occultation profile gives projected dimensions of approximately 757 km × 685 km (470 mi × 426 mi), corresponding to a projected spherical diameter of 709.6 ± 0.2 km (440.92 ± 0.12 mi). The precise Lowell Observatory chords place an upper limit 1087:), which includes the initials I and X as well as depicts the solar wheel that Ixion was bound to in Tartarus. Denis Moskowitz, a software engineer in Massachusetts who designed the symbols for most of the dwarf planets, substitutes the Greek letter iota (Ι) and xi (Ξ) for I and X, creating a variant ( 1789:

of 1.5 and 2 μm. Although water ice appears to be absent in Ixion's near-infrared spectrum, Barkume and colleagues have reported a detection of weak absorption signatures of water ice in Ixion's near-infrared spectrum in 2007. Ixion's featureless near-infrared spectrum indicates that its surface

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and comparable in size to Charon. Subsequent observations of Ixion with the La Silla Observatory's MPG/ESO telescope along with the European Southern Observatory's Astrovirtel in August 2001 concluded a similar size around 1,200–1,400 km (750–870 mi), though under the former assumption of a

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with Neptune. Thus, Ixion completes two orbits around the Sun for every three orbits that Neptune takes. At the time of Ixion's discovery, it was initially thought to be in a 3:4 orbital resonance with Neptune, which would have made Ixion closer to the Sun. Ixion orbits the Sun at an average distance

891:

The discoverers of Ixion noted that it appeared relatively bright for a distant object, implying that it might be rather large for a TNO. The discovery supported suggestions that there were undiscovered large trans-Neptunian objects comparable in size to Pluto. Since Ixion's discovery, numerous large

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be a dwarf planet, placing it at the lower end of the "highly likely" range. However, in 2019, astronomer William Grundy and colleagues proposed that trans-Neptunian objects similar in size to Ixion, around 400–1,000 km (250–620 mi) in diameter, have not collapsed into solid bodies and are

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internal structure. While Ixion's interior may have collapsed gravitationally, its surface remained uncompressed, implying that Ixion might not be in hydrostatic equilibrium and thus not a dwarf planet. However, this notion for Ixion cannot currently be tested: the object is not currently known to

1935:

Amanda Zangari calculated that a spacecraft could take just over 10 years to arrive at Ixion using a Jupiter gravity assist, based on a launch date of 2027 or 2032. Ixion would be approximately 31 to 35 AU from the Sun when the spacecraft arrives. Alternatively, a flyby mission with a later

1842:

observations suggest that Ixion's surface consists of a mixture of mostly dark material and a smaller proportion of brighter, icy material. Boehnhardt and colleagues suggested a mixing ratio of 6:1 for dark and bright material as a best-fit model for a geometric albedo of 0.08. Based on combined

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Galiazzo, M.; de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R.; Carraro, G.; Maris, M.; Montalto, M. (July 2016). "Photometry of Centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects: 2060 Chiron (1977 UB), 10199 Chariklo (1997 CU26), 38628 Huya (2000 EB173), 28978 Ixion (2001 KX76), and 90482 Orcus (2004 DW)".

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altered by water. However, it was not confirmed in a follow-up study by Boehnhardt and colleagues in 2004, concluding that the discrepancy between the 2003 and 2004 spectroscopic results may be the result of Ixion's heterogenous surface. In that same study, their results from photometric and

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that cover its surface. The production of tholins on Ixion's surface is responsible for Ixion's red, featureless spectrum as well as its low surface albedo. Ixion's neutral near-infrared color and apparent lack of water ice indicates that it has a thick layer of tholins covering its surface,

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has been suspected to be present on Ixion's surface, but may exist in trace amounts hidden underneath a thick layer of organic compounds. Ixion has a measured diameter of 710 km (440 mi), making it the fourth-largest known plutino. Several astronomers have considered Ixion to be a

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and colleagues in 2001 but yielded inconclusive results. Although their short-term photometric data was insufficient for Ixion's rotation period to be determined based on its brightness variations, they were able to constrain Ixion's light curve amplitude below 0.15 magnitudes. Astronomers

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obtained similarly inconclusive results in 2003 and provided an amplitude constraint less than 0.05 magnitudes, considerably less than Ortiz's amplitude constraint. In 2010, astronomers Rousselot and Petit observed Ixion with the European Southern Observatory's

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thus transitional between smaller, porous (and thus low-density) bodies and larger, denser, brighter and geologically differentiated planetary bodies such as dwarf planets. Ixion is situated within this size range, suggesting that it is at most only partially

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Ixion was the largest and brightest Kuiper belt object found when it was discovered. Under the assumption of a low albedo, it was presumed to have a diameter around 1,200 km (750 mi), which would have made it larger than the dwarf planet

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and obtained an albedo of 0.09, corresponding to a diameter of 1,055 km (656 mi), consistent with previous assumptions of Ixion's size and albedo. They later reevaluated their results in 2003 and realized that their detection of Ixion's

1989:

In the convention for minor planet provisional designations, the first letter represents the half-month of the year of discovery while the second letter and numbers indicate the order of discovery within that half-month. In the case for

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at Cerro Tololo. Ixion was first noted by Elliot while compiling two images taken approximately two hours apart, which revealed Ixion's slow motion relative to the background stars. At the time of discovery, Ixion was located in the

2275: 1042:(or Eioneus), whom Ixion promised to give valuable bridal gifts. Ixion invited Deioneus to a banquet but instead pushed him into a pitfall of burning coals and wood, killing Deioneus. Although the lesser gods despised his actions, 939:. These characteristics of Ixion prompted follow-up observations in order to ascertain its orbit, which would in turn improve the certainty of later size estimates of Ixion. In August 2001, a team of astronomers used the 928:, indicating that it was discovered in the second half of May 2001. Ixion was the 1,923rd object discovered in the latter half of May, as indicated by the last letter and numbers in its provisional designation. 1587:, implying a high albedo and consequently a smaller size for Ixion. The lower limit for Ixion's albedo was constrained at 0.15, suggesting that Ixion's diameter did not exceed 804 km (500 mi). 1080:

is discouraged in astronomy, so Ixion never received a symbol in the astronomical literature. There is no standard symbol for Ixion used by astrologers either. Sandy Turnbull proposed a symbol for Ixion

1618:), just beyond Spitzer's 2005 diameter constraint albeit having a large margin of error. Ixion's diameter was later revised to 617 km (383 mi), based on multi-band thermal observations by the 1633:

star (star Gaia DR2 4056440205544338944), blocking out its light for a duration of approximately 45 seconds. The stellar occultation was observed by astronomers from seven different sites across the

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on 13 and 14 July 2016. The spacecraft detected Ixion at magnitude 20.2 from a range of 15 AU (2.2 billion km; 1.4 billion mi), and was able to observe it from a high

1172:(5.95 billion km; 3.70 billion mi), taking 251 years to complete a full orbit. This is characteristic of all plutinos, which have orbital periods around 250 years and 1542:, and Pluto. It was the intrinsically brightest object discovered by the Deep Ecliptic Survey and is among the twenty brightest trans-Neptunian objects known according to astronomer 1734:

Comparison of sizes, albedo, and colors of various large trans-Neptunian objects with sizes of >700 km. The dark colored arcs represent uncertainties of the object's size.

1955:

806) on 22 May 2001. The time between the first and second observations is 0.08127 days, or approximately 1.95 hours. Within this time interval, Ixion has moved about 0.41

5504: 4861: 4046:""TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. IX. Thermal properties of Kuiper belt objects and Centaurs from combined Herschel and Spitzer observations" 1833:

In 2003, VLT observations tentatively resolved a weak absorption feature at 0.8 μm in Ixion's spectrum, which could possibly be attributed to surface materials

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by over 18 years, sufficient for its orbit to be accurately determined and eligible for numbering by the Minor Planet Center. Ixion was given the permanent

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Stern, S. A.; Grundy, W.; McKinnon, W. B.; Weaver, H. A.; Young, L. A.; Young, L. A.; et al. (September 2018). "The Pluto System After New Horizons".

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The rotation period of Ixion is uncertain; various photometric measurements suggest that it displays very little variation in brightness, with a small

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Zangari, Amanda M.; Finley, Tiffany J.; Stern, S. Alan; Tapley, Mark B. (2018). "Return to the Kuiper Belt: Launch Opportunities from 2025 to 2040".

1951:

The Minor Planet Electronic Circular published in July 2001 lists two coordinates of Ixion taken from the two recorded observations at Cerro Tololo (

6320: 6315: 6300: 6290: 4550:

Gleaves, Ashley; Allen, Randall; Tupis, Adam; Quigley, John; Moon, Adam; Roe, Eric; Spencer, David; Youst, Nicholas; Lyne, James (13 August 2012).

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In 2005, astronomers Lorin and Rousselot observed Ixion with the VLT in attempt to search for evidence of cometary activity. They did not detect a

1195:, slightly greater than Pluto's inclination of 17 degrees. Over the course of its orbit, Ixion's distance from the Sun varies from 30.1 AU at 1822:

that may otherwise expose water ice underneath. While Ixion is generally known to have a red color, visible and near-infrared observations by the

4003: 2303: 1773:, in which it reflects more light at these wavelengths. Longward of 0.85 μm, Ixion's spectrum becomes flat and featureless, especially at 2847: 4801: 2501:

Verbiscer, Anne J.; Helfenstein, Paul; Porter, Simon B.; Benecchi, Susan D.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Lauer, Tod R.; et al. (April 2022).

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from Ixion, and it has been suggested that there is a chance as high as 0.5% that a satellite may have been missed in these searches.

1693: 4774: 3066: 2344:

Levine, Stephen E.; Zuluaga, Carlos A.; Person, Michael J.; Sickafoose, Amanda A.; Bosh, Amanda A.; Collins, Michael (April 2021).

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photographs obtained from various observatories. The team obtained nine precovery images of Ixion, with the earliest taken by the

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pitied Ixion and invited him to a banquet with other gods. Rather than being grateful, Ixion became lustful towards Zeus's wife,

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Stansberry, J. A.; Cruikshank, D. P.; Grundy, W. G.; Margot, J. L.; Emery, J. P.; Fernández, Y. R.; Reike, G. H. (August 2005).

1579:

was spurious; follow-up observations with the IRAM telescope did not detect any thermal emission within the millimeter range at

1523:, Ixion is less than one-third the diameter of Pluto and three-fifths the diameter of Charon. Ixion is the fourth-largest known 860: 2716:

Alvarez-Candal, A.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Ortiz, J. L.; Duffard, R.; Morales, N.; Santos-Sanz, P.; et al. (February 2016).

4746: 3986: 3943: 3884: 3379: 2609: 2585:

Fulchignoni, Marcello; Belskaya, Irina; Barucci, Maria Antonietta; De Sanctis, Maria Cristina; Doressoundiram, Alain (2008).

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shape, hence why Tancredi considered Ixion as a likely dwarf planet. American astronomer Michael Brown considers Ixion to

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hours, with a light curve amplitude around 0.06 magnitudes. Galiazzo and colleagues obtained a shorter rotation period of

3868:

Cruikshank, D. P.; Barucci, M. A.; Emery, J. P.; Fernández, Y. R.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Stansberry, J. A. (2005).

3909:

Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Mike; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2008).

1637:. Of the ten participating observers, eight of them reported positive detections of the occultation. Observers from the 4440:

DeMeo, F. E.; Fornasier, S.; Barucci, M. A.; Perna, D.; Protopapa, S.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; et al. (January 2009).

2822: 5341: 4700: 4569: 4322: 3328: 2136: 1738:

The surface of Ixion is very dark and unevolved, resembling those of smaller, primitive Kuiper belt objects such as

4739: 4483: 3608:

Boehnhardt, H.; Bagnulo, S.; Muinonen, K.; Barucci, M. A.; Kolokolova, L.; Dotto, E.; et al. (February 2004).

1889: 1007: 54: 4152:

Buie, M. W.; Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; et al. (June 2003).

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Lellouch, E.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Lacerda, P.; Mommert, M.; Duffard, R.; Ortiz, J. L.; et al. (September 2013).

2586: 6310: 4846: 1976:

and −19° 13′ 45.6″, which is close to the Scorpius constellation's coordinates around

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In a study published by Ashley Gleaves and colleagues in 2012, Ixion was considered as a potential target for an

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visible and infrared spectroscopic results, they suggested that Ixion's surface consists of a mixture largely of

1673:

as it has a diameter greater than 450 km (280 mi), the estimated minimum size for an object to achieve

1157: 429: 1826:(VLT) in 2006 and 2007 paradoxically found a bluer color. This discrepancy was concluded to be an indication of 5096: 796: 725: 646: 350: 3963: 3789:

Grundy, W. M.; Knoll, K. S.; Stephens, D. C. (July 2005). "Diverse Albedos of Small Trans-Neptunian Objects".

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wavelengths. In the near-infrared, Ixion's reflectance spectrum appears neutral in color and lacks apparent

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The name for Ixion was suggested by E. K. Elliot, who was also involved in the naming of Kuiper belt object

876: 825: 6305: 5527: 4831: 4442:"Visible and near-infrared colors of Transneptunian objects and Centaurs from the second ESO large program" 1969: 1258:

hours in 2016, though they calculated that there is a 1.2% probability that their result may be erroneous.

2215: 5069: 3395: 3252: 3193: 2062: 1847:

and tholins, with the following best-fit model of Ixion's surface composition: 65% amorphous carbon, 20%

4762: 4314: 5296: 3363: 1830:

across its surface, which may also explain the conflicting detections of water ice in various studies.

1619: 5159: 3911:"Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from the Spitzer Space Telescope" 2690: 1923:

were the most feasible targets for the orbiter, as the trajectories required the fewest maneuvers for

1915:

rocket. For an orbiter mission to Ixion, the spacecraft have a launch date in November 2039 and use a

1747: 915: 783: 598: 2846:

Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Buie, M. W.; Benecchi, S. D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H. G. (December 2018).

2248: 2114: 1884: 1698: 955: 800: 66: 4591: 1225: 5043: 1239: 931:

At the time of discovery, Ixion was thought to be among the largest trans-Neptunian objects in the

829: 92: 3551:"A study of short term rotational variability in TNOs and Centaurs from Sierra Nevada Observatory" 1805:

The red color of Ixion's surface originates from the irradiation of water- and organic-containing

5271: 4984: 4678: 2952:"The Deep Ecliptic Survey: Exploring the outer solar system in search of trans-Neptunian objects" 2253: 2147: 1897: 1893: 1818:

suggesting that Ixion has undergone long-term irradiation and has not experienced resurfacing by

1674: 1591: 919: 592: 507: 489: 473: 392: 379: 339: 326: 1093:). These symbols are occasionally mentioned on astrological websites, but are not used broadly. 6269: 5062: 4817: 4441: 3425: 2717: 2631: 1711: 721: 183: 40: 20: 4045: 3722: 2893: 958:

on 17 July 1982. These precovery images along with subsequent follow-up observations with the

4708: 3316: 2261: 1896:

of 64 degrees, enabling the determination of the light scattering properties and photometric

1710:, and thus Ixion's mass and density cannot currently be measured. Only two attempts with the 1685: 1634: 1221: 868: 455: 296: 4460: 4374: 4355: 4182: 4119: 4074: 3767: 3680: 3628: 3609: 3569: 3550: 3483: 3454: 2746: 2660: 2422: 982: 5285: 5167: 5148: 5008: 4889: 4627: 4519: 4456: 4409: 4370: 4326: 4285: 4178: 4115: 4070: 3974: 3931: 3850: 3808: 3763: 3748: 3676: 3651: 3624: 3565: 3479: 3234: 3175: 3103: 2869: 2742: 2656: 2597: 2557: 2514: 2470: 2418: 2357: 2070: 1823: 1551: 1539: 1184: 991: 959: 844: 756: 361: 199: 59: 3025: 3002: 2503:"The Diverse Shapes of Dwarf Planet and Large KBO Phase Curves Observed from New Horizons" 2186: 8: 6218: 6198: 6188: 6178: 6168: 6061: 5916: 5906: 5833: 5823: 5771: 5761: 5721: 5688: 5658: 5648: 5458: 5418: 5375: 5257: 5192: 4996: 4692: 4684: 4356:"Visible spectroscopy of the two largest known trans-Neptunian objects: Ixion and Quaoar" 4220: 4190: 3688: 3226: 2981: 2632:"Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited" 1928: 1888:

spacecraft, which successfully flew by Pluto in 2015, observed Ixion from afar using its

1188: 971: 947: 911: 900: 418: 4724: 4631: 4523: 4413: 4330: 4289: 4127: 3978: 3935: 3854: 3812: 3238: 3179: 3163: 3133: 3107: 3056: 2982:"MPEC 2001-N01 : 2001 FT185, 2001 KW76, 2001 KX76, 2001 KY76, 2001 KZ76, 2001 KA77" 2873: 2782: 2601: 2561: 2518: 2474: 2361: 2074: 1492:

Comparison of the relative colors and sizes of the four largest plutinos and their moons

820: 6208: 6039: 6029: 6019: 6009: 5980: 5970: 5948: 5926: 5896: 5886: 5813: 5803: 5793: 5741: 5678: 5668: 5638: 5618: 5588: 5566: 5556: 5513: 5478: 5448: 5438: 5428: 5385: 4673: 4643: 4617: 4579: 4553:

A Survey of Mission Opportunities to Trans-Neptunian Objects – Part II, Orbital Capture

4202: 4168: 4153: 4131: 4105: 4060: 3921: 3824: 3798: 3700: 3666: 3581: 3495: 3469: 3281: 2926: 2885: 2760: 2732: 2672: 2646: 2442: 2408: 2375: 2346:"Occultation of a Large Star by the Large Plutino (28978) Ixion on 2020 October 13 UTC" 1638: 1571: 1508: 1070: 936: 852: 634: 177: 3723:"Beyond Pluto: Max-Planck radioastronomers measure the sizes of distant minor planets" 3521: 3360:

Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (28978) Ixion, Addendum to Fifth Edition: 2003–2005

2545:

Barucci, M. Antonietta; Brown, Michael E.; Emery, Joshua P.; Merlin, Frederic (2008).

6295: 5876: 5866: 5751: 5608: 5598: 5230: 4977: 4647: 4565: 4532: 4422: 4397: 4194: 4135: 3982: 3939: 3880: 3828: 3704: 3692: 3375: 3324: 2889: 2764: 2605: 2565: 2446: 2434: 2397: 2379: 1932: 1924: 1730: 1707: 1642: 1567: 1230: 1224:. Initial attempts to determine Ixion's rotation period were conducted by astronomer 1169: 1164: 1054:

in the shape of Hera, and tricked Ixion into coupling with it, fathering the race of

1015: 987: 963: 804: 748: 332: 284: 4943: 4716: 4206: 3585: 2951: 2676: 2242: 1089: 1083: 5860: 5731: 5628: 5468: 5365: 5187: 5154: 4635: 4557: 4527: 4464: 4417: 4378: 4293: 4247: 4186: 4123: 4078: 4016: 3910: 3816: 3771: 3684: 3632: 3573: 3499: 3487: 3367: 2877: 2814: 2750: 2664: 2522: 2426: 2365: 2158: 1952: 1844: 1834: 1791: 1743: 1715: 1666: 1576: 1563: 1543: 1512: 1501: 1077: 848: 787: 679: 550: 537: 277: 214: 108: 4468: 4082: 2755: 2668: 6159: 5302: 5277: 5263: 5211: 5001: 4989: 4965: 4921: 4841: 4382: 3820: 3775: 3636: 3577: 3491: 2881: 2163: 2110: 1867: 1795: 1739: 1677:, under the assumption of a predominantly icy composition. Ixion also displays a 1488: 1234: 1173: 1073:. The naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 28 March 2002. 1035: 999: 967: 864: 764: 304: 1919:

from Jupiter, taking 20 to 25 years to arrive. Gleaves concluded that Ixion and

5847: 5540: 5349: 5331: 5197: 4851: 4836: 3111: 2370: 2345: 1916: 1762: 1192: 1106: 856: 399: 372: 256: 4556:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 4298: 4273: 3869: 3849:. 37th DPS Meeting. Vol. 37. American Astronomical Society. p. 737. 3371: 2848:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 2818: 2430: 1121: 907:, have been discovered; in particular, Eris is almost the same size as Pluto. 799:, whereas others consider it a transitional object between irregularly-shaped 6284: 5318: 5109: 5104: 4960: 4938: 4906: 4198: 3696: 3455:"Infrared spectroscopy of the largest known trans-Neptunian object 2001 KX76" 3312: 2438: 1827: 1819: 1810: 1778: 1774: 1520: 1063: 881: 835:

Ixion was discovered on 22 May 2001 by a team of American astronomers at the

779: 268: 1507:

Ixion has a measured diameter of 710 km (440 mi), with an optical

5550: 5545: 5173: 5085: 4926: 4894: 4878: 4663: 4020: 2999: 2948: 2547:"Composition and Surface Properties of Transneptunian Objects and Centaurs" 2183: 1839: 932: 893: 740: 728: 4786: 4731: 4668: 4274:"Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)" 5535: 5359: 5354: 5026: 4911: 4173: 3926: 3803: 3671: 3549:

Ortiz, J. L.; Gutiérrez, P. J.; Casanova, V.; Sota, A. (September 2003).

3474: 2527: 2502: 2151: 1755: 1678: 1626: 1580: 1214: 1161: 1059: 944: 732: 568: 561: 407: 4561: 4154:"Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey" 2715: 1645:

timing, allowing for tight constraints to Ixion's diameter and possible

6241: 6095: 6083: 6071: 6049: 5990: 5936: 5576: 5407: 5126: 5032: 4916: 2718:"Absolute magnitudes and phase coefficients of trans-Neptunian objects" 1920: 1799: 1786: 1766: 1646: 1196: 1136: 1023: 383: 288: 262: 6143: 6131: 6119: 6107: 5958: 5781: 5698: 5488: 5326: 5249: 4639: 4354:

Marchi, S.; Lazzarin, M.; Magrin, S.; Barbieri, C. (September 2003).

3847:

Albedos, Diameters (and a Density) of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects

1956: 1860: 1806: 1719: 1681: 1630: 1529: 1217: 951: 315: 5216: 4948: 2929:(Press release). National Optical Astronomy Observatory. 2 July 2001 2584: 1496: 803:

and spherical dwarf planets. Ixion is currently not known to have a

5224: 5119: 4972: 4622: 4110: 3061: 2737: 2413: 1912: 1852: 1758: 1702: 1689: 1654: 1200: 1180: 1141: 1112:

Polar view of Ixion's orbit (green) along with several other large

1039: 1031: 1011: 904: 885: 4669:

Beyond Jupiter: The World of Distant Minor Planets – (28978) Ixion

4484:"Search for cometary activity in three Centaurs (60558) Echeclus, 4065: 2651: 2500: 1058:. For his crimes, Ixion was expelled from Olympus, blasted with a 35: 6232: 6002: 5399: 5131: 5114: 5018: 4856: 4043: 1908: 1904: 1856: 1809:

by solar radiation and cosmic rays, which produces dark, reddish

1524: 1153: 1132: 1113: 1055: 1051: 1027: 1019: 772: 752: 744: 736: 191: 5054: 3844: 3607: 763:, and was announced in July 2001. The object is named after the 5244: 5238: 5205: 4955: 4933: 3908: 3867: 3747:

Altenhoff, W. J.; Bertoldi, F.; Menten, K. M. (February 2004).

2310:. International Occultation Timing Association. 13 October 2020 2278:(Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive). 2141: 1814: 1751: 896: 583: 4396:

Barkume, K. M.; Brown, M. E.; Schaller, E. L. (January 2008).

4315:"A Search for Kuiper Belt Object Satellites HST Proposal 9110" 2630:

Hainaut, O. R.; Boehnhardt, H.; Protopapa, S. (October 2012).

5181: 4901: 2819:"How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?" 2343: 2063:"Icy planetoids of the outer solar system HST Proposal 10545" 2007: 1848: 1584: 1516: 1128: 1022:) to be named after mythological figures associated with the 1003: 840: 768: 441: 149: 4353: 2927:"Kuiper Belt Object Found Possibly As Large As Pluto's Moon" 1770: 1050:. Zeus found out about his intentions and created the cloud 19:

This article is about the minor planet. For other uses, see

4398:"Near-Infrared Spectra of Centaurs and Kuiper Belt Objects" 2006:

The plutino classification is named after the dwarf planet

1210:) as small as 27.5 AU over the next 10 million years. 1179:

Like Pluto, Ixion's orbit is elongated and inclined to the

1047: 1043: 700: 694: 520: 241: 238: 232: 226: 129: 123: 4439: 3548: 2629: 2111:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 28978 Ixion (2001 KX76)" 2019:

The current estimates of Pluto and Charon's diameters are

1959:

from its original position first observed by Cerro Tololo.

1026:. In Greek mythology, Ixion was the king of the legendary 4151: 4095: 1782: 791: 682: 217: 111: 4607: 4549: 1641:

provided highly precise measurements of the occultation

3746: 2544: 2845: 2697:. Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy 2298: 2296: 755:. It was discovered in May 2001 by astronomers of the 4005:

Remnant Planetesimals and their Collisional Fragments

3610:"Surface characterization of 28978 Ixion (2001 KX76)" 3452: 3100:"Virtual Telescope Observes Record-Breaking Asteroid" 2467:

Photometric Study Of 28978 Ixion At Small Phase Angle

910:

The discovery of Ixion was formally announced by the

703: 691: 685: 244: 235: 223: 220: 132: 120: 114: 4395: 3725:(Press release). Argelander-Instituts für Astronomie 3262:. International Astronomical Union. 2 September 2001 863:. On the night of 22 May 2001, American astronomers 4278:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

3788: 3652:"Hawaii Kuiper Belt Variability Project: An Update" 3453:Licandro, J.; Ghinassi, F.; Testi, L. (June 2002). 2469:. 42nd DPS Meeting. American Astronomical Society. 2293: 688: 229: 117: 3650:Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C. (June 2003). 3203:. International Astronomical Union. 19 August 2001 3026:"Scorpius Constellation: Facts About the Scorpion" 2709: 2241: 2240: 1750:in color, similar to the large Kuiper belt object 4512:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 3973:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 335–344. 3920:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 161–179. 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3879:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 879–893. 3840: 3838: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3405:. International Astronomical Union. 28 March 2002 3102:. European Southern Observatory. 23 August 2001. 2596:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 181–192. 2556:. University of Arizona Press. pp. 143–160. 2027:, respectively. One-third of Pluto's diameter is 6282: 3742: 3740: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3220: 3218: 3003:"DES: Looker Statistics for the night of 010521" 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2460: 2458: 2456: 1527:that has a well-constrained diameter, preceding 3870:"Physical Properties of Transneptunian Objects" 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3349: 3347: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3017: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2776: 2774: 2578: 2465:Rousselot, Philippe; Petit, J. (October 2010). 2393: 2391: 2389: 2276:"Horizons Batch for 28978 Ixion on 2070-Sep-24" 1907:mission concept, which would be launched on an 1500:Different diameters for Ixion depending on its 1127:Side view of Ixion's orbit (green) compared to 4603: 4601: 4545: 4543: 4481: 3893: 3861: 3835: 3749:"Size estimates of some optically bright KBOs" 3649: 3592: 3134:"New- And Old-Style Minor Planet Designations" 2625: 2623: 2621: 2540: 2538: 2464: 5070: 4802: 4747: 4498:and two trans-Neptunian objects [(29981) 4349: 4347: 3737: 3506: 3215: 3164:"IAUC 7657: 2001cz; 1993J, 1979C; 2001 KX_76" 2966: 2841: 2839: 2780: 2481: 2453: 1714:have been made to find a satellite within an 1242:and determined Ixion's rotation period to be 1144:(Q) dates are shown for both Pluto and Ixion. 4435: 4433: 4265: 4039: 4037: 3957: 3955: 3643: 3544: 3542: 3439: 3344: 3300: 3274: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2800: 2771: 2386: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2187:"Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 28978" 2069:. Space Telescope Science Institute: 10545. 2056: 2054: 1010:'s (IAU's) naming convention which requires 847:, a survey conducted by American astronomer 4816: 4761: 4664:Astronomy Picture of the Day–30 August 2001 4598: 4540: 4389: 4147: 4145: 4098:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 3995: 3157: 3155: 3126: 2783:"Which are the dwarfs in the solar system?" 2618: 2535: 2268: 1261: 697: 126: 5301: 5295: 5077: 5063: 4809: 4795: 4754: 4740: 4344: 4306: 4239: 3782: 3426:"Unicode request for dwarf-planet symbols" 3054: 3023: 2836: 871:identified Ixion in digital images of the 859:using telescopes at the facilities of the 807:, so its mass and density remain unknown. 735:, a region of icy objects orbiting beyond 34: 4621: 4531: 4475: 4430: 4421: 4297: 4172: 4109: 4089: 4064: 4034: 3952: 3925: 3802: 3716: 3714: 3670: 3539: 3473: 3168:Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams 2992: 2900: 2754: 2736: 2650: 2526: 2412: 2369: 2322: 2308:IOTA Asteroid Occultation Results Webpage 2201: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2051: 2031:and three-fifths of Charon's diameter is 4271: 4213: 4142: 3720: 3519: 3388: 3353: 3245: 3186: 3152: 2941: 1870:around Ixion, placing an upper limit of 1729: 1660: 1590:With space-based telescopes such as the 1560:Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy 1495: 1487: 981: 819: 747:, a dynamical class of objects in a 2:3 6321:Astronomical objects discovered in 2001 6316:Objects observed by stellar occultation 6301:Discoveries by the Deep Ecliptic Survey 6291:Minor planet object articles (numbered) 4482:Lorin, O.; Rousselot, P. (April 2007). 4001: 3522:"List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects" 3224: 3174:. International Astronomical Union: 3. 2979: 950:to automatically scan through archival 837:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 761:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 6283: 4245: 3711: 3423: 3417: 3311: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3050: 3048: 3046: 2683: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2088: 1790:is covered with a thick layer of dark 1725: 1657:for any possible atmosphere of Ixion. 1266: 1199:(closest distance) to 39.8 AU at 861:National Optical Astronomy Observatory 5058: 4790: 4735: 4319:Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes 4312: 3961: 3161: 2813: 2067:Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes 2060: 1096: 998:This minor planet is named after the 892:trans-Neptunian objects, notably the 430:Longitude of ascending node 4015:(Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. 3225:Marsden, Brian G. (11 August 2001). 2262:participating institution membership 1515:(reflectivity) of 0.11. Compared to 1066:in the underworld for all eternity. 4128:10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051935 3162:Green, Daniel W. E. (5 July 2001). 3081: 3069:from the original on 9 October 2002 3043: 3024:Zimmermann, Kim Ann (17 May 2017). 2171: 843:. The discovery formed part of the 13: 4272:Tancredi, Gonzalo (6 April 2010). 4227:. International Astronomical Union 4191:10.1023/B:MOON.0000031930.13823.be 3721:Bertoldi, Frank (7 October 2002). 3689:10.1023/B:MOON.0000031943.12968.46 3288:. International Astronomical Union 3140:. International Astronomical Union 2823:California Institute of Technology 2222:. International Astronomical Union 1874:for Ixion's dust production rate. 14: 6332: 5084: 4657: 4610:Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4323:Space Telescope Science Institute 4221:"List Of Trans-Neptunian Objects" 3964:"The Largest Kuiper Belt Objects" 3233:. 2001-P28. Minor Planet Center. 3055:Whitehouse, David (3 July 2001). 2980:Marsden, Brian G. (1 July 2001). 1851:ice tholins (ice tholin II), 13% 918:on 1 July 2001. It was given the 6265: 6264: 4533:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11487.x 3520:Johnston, W. R. (13 July 2019). 3424:Miller, Kirk (26 October 2021). 3231:Minor Planet Electronic Circular 3227:"MPEC 2001-P28 : 2001 KX76" 2998: 2986:Minor Planet Electronic Circular 2947: 2781:Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. (2008). 2587:"Transneptunian Object Taxonomy" 2182: 2035:—compare to Ixion's diameter of 1158:resonant trans-Neptunian objects 1120: 1105: 1088: 1082: 1008:International Astronomical Union 916:Minor Planet Electronic Circular 678: 267: 261: 213: 107: 3971:The Solar System Beyond Neptune 3918:The Solar System Beyond Neptune 2594:The Solar System Beyond Neptune 2554:The Solar System Beyond Neptune 2290:(JPL#19/Soln.date: 2023-May-22) 2013: 2010:, largest member of this group. 2000: 1983: 1972:of Ixion during 22 May 2001 is 1962: 1945: 5097:List of possible dwarf planets 3323:. Vol. 1. Penquin Books. 3282:"How Are Minor Planets Named?" 3057:"Large world found near Pluto" 3005:. Southwest Research Institute 2954:. Southwest Research Institute 2401:Astrophysics and Space Science 2234: 2189:. Southwest Research Institute 2164:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 2129: 1877: 824:Ixion was discovered with the 1: 2507:The Planetary Science Journal 2045: 1546:and the Minor Planet Center. 941:European Southern Observatory 479:756.9 km × 684.9 km 4449:Astronomy & Astrophysics 4363:Astronomy & Astrophysics 4313:Brown, Michael (July 2001). 4053:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3821:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.007 3756:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3617:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3558:Astronomy & Astrophysics 3462:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2882:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037 2788:. Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 2725:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2639:Astronomy & Astrophysics 2061:Brown, Michael (July 2005). 1622:along with Spitzer in 2013. 1558:In 2002, astronomers of the 990:'s Wide Field Imager at the 815: 790:covering its surface. Water 43:image of Ixion taken in 2006 7: 4469:10.1051/0004-6361:200810561 4246:Jewitt, David (June 2008). 4083:10.1051/0004-6361/201322047 2756:10.1051/0004-6361/201527161 2691:"(28978) Ixion–Ephemerides" 2669:10.1051/0004-6361/201219566 2304:"(28978) Ixion 2020 Oct 13" 974:28978 on 2 September 2001. 743:. Ixion is classified as a 456:Argument of perihelion 10: 6337: 4423:10.1088/0004-6256/135/1/55 4383:10.1051/0004-6361:20031142 3962:Brown, Michael E. (2008). 3776:10.1051/0004-6361:20035603 3637:10.1051/0004-6361:20040005 3578:10.1051/0004-6361:20030972 3492:10.1051/0004-6361:20020533 3364:Springer Berlin Heidelberg 3354:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2006). 1625:On 13 October 2020, Ixion 1620:Herschel Space Observatory 877:Víctor M. Blanco Telescope 826:Víctor M. Blanco Telescope 810: 711:, provisional designation 178:Minor planet category 18: 6260: 6231: 6158: 5846: 5713: 5526: 5503: 5398: 5340: 5317: 5310: 5293: 5140: 5092: 5017: 4877: 4824: 4769: 4299:10.1017/S1743921310001717 4002:Mommert, Michael (2013). 3372:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7 2431:10.1007/s10509-016-2801-5 2249:Oxford English Dictionary 2216:"28978 Ixion (2001 KX76)" 2115:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 1900:behavior of its surface. 1688:, indicative of a likely 1272:Size estimates for Ixion 1152:Ixion is classified as a 1006:, in accordance with the 966:in 2001 extended Ixion's 956:Siding Spring Observatory 935:, as implied by its high 801:small Solar System bodies 782:, Ixion appears dark and 667: 644: 632: 590: 567: 535: 505: 487: 472: 465: 453: 439: 427: 417: 405: 390: 373:Orbital period (sidereal) 370: 360: 348: 338: 325: 313: 303: 295: 283: 276: 255: 205: 175: 158: 143: 102: 90: 85: 77: 65: 53: 48: 33: 4402:The Astronomical Journal 4248:"The 1000 km Scale KBOs" 4161:Earth, Moon, and Planets 3877:Protostars and Planets V 3659:Earth, Moon, and Planets 2371:10.3847/1538-3881/abe76d 2350:The Astronomical Journal 2113:(2018-06-20 last obs.). 1939: 1872:5.2 kilograms per second 1262:Physical characteristics 1240:New Technology Telescope 1156:, a large population of 830:Cerro Tololo Observatory 771:, who was a king of the 647:Absolute magnitude 482:(projected, occultation) 467:Physical characteristics 161:Alternative designations 4818:Trans-Neptunian objects 4763:Minor planets navigator 4679:JPL Small-Body Database 4505:and (28978) Ixion]" 4461:2009A&A...493..283D 4375:2003A&A...408L..17M 4183:2003EM&P...92..113B 4120:2018ARA&A..56..357S 4075:2013A&A...557A..60L 3768:2004A&A...415..771A 3681:2003EM&P...92..207S 3629:2004A&A...415L..21B 3570:2003A&A...407.1149O 3484:2002A&A...388L...9L 2747:2016A&A...586A.155A 2661:2012A&A...546A.115H 2423:2016Ap&SS.361..212G 2254:Oxford University Press 2148:Oxford University Press 1675:hydrostatic equilibrium 1592:Spitzer Space Telescope 977: 920:provisional designation 875:taken with the 4-meter 731:. It is located in the 508:Synodic rotation period 442:Time of perihelion 278:Orbital characteristics 6311:Possible dwarf planets 4837:Scattered-disc objects 4021:10.17169/refubium-6484 2988:. Minor Planet Center. 2695:Asteroids Dynamic Site 1970:equatorial coordinates 1735: 1712:Hubble Space Telescope 1568:millimeter wavelengths 1504: 1493: 995: 832: 722:trans-Neptunian object 309:35.93 yr (13,122 days) 41:Hubble Space Telescope 21:Ixion (disambiguation) 5101:Former dwarf planets 2817:(13 September 2019). 2154:on February 24, 2020. 2144:UK English Dictionary 1927:around either. For a 1779:absorption signatures 1733: 1669:considers Ixion as a 1661:Possible dwarf planet 1635:western United States 1499: 1491: 985: 823: 797:possible dwarf planet 297:Uncertainty parameter 1863:, and 2% water ice. 1824:Very Large Telescope 1769:of 0.4 to 0.95 1185:orbital eccentricity 992:La Silla Observatory 986:Ixion imaged by the 960:La Silla Observatory 937:intrinsic brightness 845:Deep Ecliptic Survey 757:Deep Ecliptic Survey 93:MPC designation 60:Deep Ecliptic Survey 6306:Named minor planets 5044:541132 Leleākūhonua 4725:Physical parameters 4632:2019JSpRo..56..919Z 4562:10.2514/6.2012-5066 4524:2007MNRAS.376..881L 4414:2008AJ....135...55B 4331:2001hst..prop.9110B 4290:2010IAUS..263..173T 4225:Minor Planet Center 3979:2008ssbn.book..335B 3936:2008ssbn.book..161S 3855:2005DPS....37.5205S 3813:2005Icar..176..184G 3403:Minor Planet Center 3286:Minor Planet Center 3260:Minor Planet Center 3239:2001MPEC....P...28G 3201:Minor Planet Center 3180:2001IAUC.7657....3M 3138:Minor Planet Center 3108:2001eso..presP..27. 2874:2019Icar..334...30G 2602:2008ssbn.book..181F 2562:2008ssbn.book..143B 2519:2022PSJ.....3...95V 2475:2010DPS....42.4019R 2362:2021AJ....161..210L 2252:(Online ed.). 2220:Minor Planet Center 2075:2005hst..prop10545B 1933:planetary scientist 1726:Spectra and surface 1273: 1267:Size and brightness 1189:orbital inclination 1176:around 39 AU. 1064:burning solar wheel 972:minor planet number 948:virtual observatory 912:Minor Planet Center 853:Kuiper belt objects 447:≈ 24 September 2070 78:Discovery date 67:Discovery site 30: 3526:Johnston's Archive 2528:10.3847/PSJ/ac63a6 2167:. Merriam-Webster. 1931:mission to Ixion, 1765:that extends from 1736: 1708:natural satellites 1639:Lowell Observatory 1572:IRAM 30m telescope 1509:absolute magnitude 1505: 1494: 1271: 1220:of less than 0.15 1097:Orbit and rotation 1071:38083 Rhadamanthus 1014:(objects in a 3:2 1000:Greek mythological 996: 869:Lawrence Wasserman 833: 765:Greek mythological 635:Apparent magnitude 287:17 December 2020 ( 55:Discovered by 28: 6278: 6277: 6256: 6255: 5052: 5051: 4784: 4783: 4284:(S263): 173–185. 4252:www2.ess.ucla.edu 3988:978-0-8165-2755-7 3945:978-0-8165-2755-7 3886:978-0-8165-2755-7 3381:978-3-540-00238-3 3114:on 7 October 2019 2815:Brown, Michael E. 2611:978-0-8165-2755-7 2571:978-0-8165-2755-7 2260:(Subscription or 1925:orbital insertion 1890:long range imager 1792:organic compounds 1629:a 10th magnitude 1562:measured Ixion's 1486: 1485: 1165:orbital resonance 1078:planetary symbols 1062:, and bound to a 1016:orbital resonance 988:MPG/ESO telescope 964:MPG/ESO telescope 855:located near the 805:natural satellite 788:organic compounds 749:orbital resonance 671: 670: 72:Cerro Tololo Obs. 6328: 6268: 6267: 6249: 6247: 6246: 6224: 6214: 6204: 6194: 6184: 6174: 6160:Detached objects 6151: 6149: 6148: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6127: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6113: 6112: 6103: 6101: 6100: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6045: 6035: 6025: 6015: 6005: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5986: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5963: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5932: 5922: 5912: 5902: 5892: 5882: 5872: 5839: 5829: 5819: 5809: 5799: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5777: 5767: 5757: 5747: 5737: 5727: 5706: 5704: 5703: 5694: 5684: 5674: 5664: 5654: 5644: 5634: 5624: 5614: 5604: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5581: 5572: 5562: 5519: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5484: 5474: 5464: 5454: 5444: 5434: 5424: 5391: 5381: 5371: 5315: 5314: 5305: 5299: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5040: 5038: 5037: 4883: 4847:Resonant objects 4842:Detached objects 4811: 4804: 4797: 4788: 4787: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4733: 4732: 4717:Orbital elements 4652: 4651: 4640:10.2514/1.A34329 4625: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4217: 4211: 4210: 4176: 4174:astro-ph/0309251 4167:(1–4): 113–124. 4158: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4113: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4068: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4010: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3929: 3927:astro-ph/0702538 3915: 3906: 3891: 3890: 3874: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3842: 3833: 3832: 3806: 3804:astro-ph/0502229 3786: 3780: 3779: 3753: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3718: 3709: 3708: 3674: 3672:astro-ph/0309251 3665:(1–4): 207–219. 3656: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3614: 3605: 3590: 3589: 3564:(3): 1149–1155. 3555: 3546: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3517: 3504: 3503: 3477: 3475:astro-ph/0204104 3459: 3450: 3437: 3436: 3430: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3400: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3366:. p. 1147. 3351: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3309: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3257: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3222: 3213: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3096: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3052: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2923: 2898: 2897: 2896:on 7 April 2019. 2892:. Archived from 2859: 2854: 2850:(229762) 2007 UK 2843: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2811: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2787: 2778: 2769: 2768: 2758: 2740: 2722: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2687: 2681: 2680: 2654: 2636: 2627: 2616: 2615: 2591: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2551: 2542: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2498: 2479: 2478: 2462: 2451: 2450: 2416: 2395: 2384: 2383: 2373: 2341: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2300: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2257: 2245: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2212: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2180: 2169: 2168: 2155: 2150:. Archived from 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2107: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2058: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1996: 1987: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1966: 1960: 1953:observatory code 1949: 1873: 1845:amorphous carbon 1746:, Ixion appears 1744:visible spectrum 1716:angular distance 1671:likely candidate 1667:Gonzalo Tancredi 1651:surface pressure 1617: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1577:thermal emission 1564:thermal emission 1537: 1535: 1534: 1513:geometric albedo 1480: 1478: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1445: 1433: 1431: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1395: 1394:(Spitzer 2-Band) 1391: 1390: 1389: 1372: 1371:(Spitzer 1-Band) 1368: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1337: 1335: 1321: 1309: 1297: 1295: 1274: 1270: 1257: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1145: 1124: 1109: 1092: 1086: 1038:, a daughter of 1034:and had married 927: 786:in color due to 718: 710: 709: 706: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 661: 659: 628: 626: 619: 617: 610: 608: 601:(moderately red) 586: 581: 580: 560: 558: 549: 547: 538:Geometric albedo 530: 528: 519: 517: 501: 499: 483: 480: 413:0° 0 14.13 / day 271: 265: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 240: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 171: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 38: 31: 27: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6274: 6252: 6244: 6243: 6240: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6154: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6134: 6133: 6130: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6098: 6097: 6094: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6052: 6051: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6001: 5993: 5992: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5709: 5701: 5700: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5579: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5499: 5491: 5490: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5336: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5136: 5088: 5083: 5053: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5013: 4881: 4873: 4852:Neptune trojans 4820: 4815: 4785: 4780: 4765: 4760: 4660: 4655: 4606: 4599: 4587: 4586: 4577: 4576: 4572: 4548: 4541: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4444: 4438: 4431: 4394: 4390: 4358: 4352: 4345: 4335: 4333: 4311: 4307: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4156: 4150: 4143: 4094: 4090: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3966: 3960: 3953: 3946: 3913: 3907: 3894: 3887: 3872: 3866: 3862: 3843: 3836: 3787: 3783: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3728: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3612: 3606: 3593: 3553: 3547: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3518: 3507: 3457: 3451: 3440: 3428: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3406: 3398: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3356:"(28978) Ixion" 3352: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3321:The Greek Myths 3310: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3223: 3216: 3206: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3160: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3098: 3097: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3053: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2997: 2993: 2978: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2925: 2924: 2901: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2812: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2772: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2634: 2628: 2619: 2612: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2572: 2549: 2543: 2536: 2499: 2482: 2463: 2454: 2396: 2387: 2342: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2302: 2301: 2294: 2284: 2282: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2259: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2223: 2214: 2213: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2157: 2156: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2089: 2079: 2077: 2059: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2005: 2001: 1995: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1963: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1880: 1871: 1828:heterogeneities 1796:solar radiation 1761:displays a red 1728: 1684:less than 0.15 1663: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1595: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1476: 1474: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1455: 1443: 1429: 1427: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1333: 1331: 1319: 1307: 1293: 1291: 1269: 1264: 1253: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1208: 1187:of 0.24 and an 1183:. Ixion has an 1174:semi-major axes 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1140: 1125: 1117: 1116: 1110: 1099: 980: 968:observation arc 926: 922: 818: 813: 717: 713: 681: 677: 662: 657: 655: 652: 637: 624: 622: 620: 615: 613: 611: 606: 604: 602: 595: 578: 576: 575: 573: 556: 554: 553: 545: 543: 540: 526: 524: 523: 515: 513: 510: 497: 495: 492: 481: 478: 458: 448: 444: 432: 410: 395: 375: 353: 351:Semi-major axis 305:Observation arc 216: 212: 180: 170: 166: 163: 146: 110: 106: 95: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6334: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6254: 6253: 6251: 6250: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6164: 6162: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6116: 6104: 6092: 6080: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 5999: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5856:Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà 5852: 5850: 5848:Scattered disc 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5707: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5532: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5509: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5346: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5321: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5157: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5099: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5029: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4886: 4884: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4759: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4727: 4685:Close approach 4671: 4666: 4659: 4658:External links 4656: 4654: 4653: 4616:(3): 919–930. 4597: 4588:|journal= 4570: 4539: 4518:(2): 881–889. 4501: 4494: 4487: 4474: 4455:(1): 283–290. 4429: 4388: 4369:(3): L17–L19. 4343: 4305: 4264: 4238: 4212: 4141: 4088: 4033: 3994: 3987: 3951: 3944: 3892: 3885: 3860: 3834: 3797:(1): 184–192. 3781: 3762:(2): 771–775. 3736: 3710: 3642: 3623:(2): L21–L25. 3591: 3538: 3505: 3438: 3416: 3396:"M.P.C. 45236" 3387: 3380: 3343: 3329: 3313:Graves, Robert 3299: 3273: 3253:"M.P.C. 43346" 3244: 3214: 3194:"M.P.S. 32834" 3185: 3151: 3125: 3110:Archived from 3080: 3042: 3016: 2991: 2965: 2940: 2899: 2851: 2835: 2799: 2770: 2708: 2682: 2617: 2610: 2577: 2570: 2534: 2480: 2452: 2385: 2321: 2292: 2267: 2233: 2200: 2170: 2128: 2117:. 13 July 2019 2087: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2041: 2012: 1999: 1993: 1982: 1980:and −40°. 1961: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1917:gravity assist 1879: 1876: 1811:heteropolymers 1794:irradiated by 1763:spectral slope 1748:moderately red 1727: 1724: 1699:differentiated 1662: 1659: 1511:of 3.77 and a 1484: 1483: 1481: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1446: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1373: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1357: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1329: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1298: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1206: 1126: 1119: 1118: 1111: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1095: 979: 976: 924: 857:ecliptic plane 851:to search for 817: 814: 812: 809: 784:moderately red 715: 669: 668: 665: 664: 653: 645: 642: 641: 638: 633: 630: 629: 596: 591: 588: 587: 571: 565: 564: 541: 536: 533: 532: 511: 506: 503: 502: 493: 488: 485: 484: 476: 470: 469: 463: 462: 459: 454: 451: 450: 445: 440: 437: 436: 433: 428: 425: 424: 421: 415: 414: 411: 406: 403: 402: 396: 391: 388: 387: 376: 371: 368: 367: 364: 358: 357: 354: 349: 346: 345: 342: 336: 335: 329: 323: 322: 319: 311: 310: 307: 301: 300: 293: 292: 281: 280: 274: 273: 272:(astrological) 259: 253: 252: 209: 203: 202: 181: 176: 173: 172: 168: 164: 159: 156: 155: 147: 144: 141: 140: 104: 100: 99: 96: 91: 88: 87: 83: 82: 79: 75: 74: 69: 63: 62: 57: 51: 50: 46: 45: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6333: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6271: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6248: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6213: 6206: 6203: 6196: 6193: 6186: 6183: 6176: 6173: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6150: 6141: 6138: 6129: 6126: 6117: 6114: 6105: 6102: 6093: 6090: 6081: 6078: 6069: 6066: 6059: 6056: 6047: 6044: 6037: 6034: 6027: 6024: 6017: 6014: 6007: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5988: 5985: 5978: 5975: 5968: 5965: 5956: 5953: 5946: 5943: 5934: 5931: 5924: 5921: 5914: 5911: 5904: 5901: 5894: 5891: 5884: 5881: 5874: 5871: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5811: 5808: 5801: 5798: 5791: 5788: 5779: 5776: 5769: 5766: 5759: 5756: 5749: 5746: 5739: 5736: 5729: 5726: 5719: 5718: 5716: 5712: 5705: 5696: 5693: 5686: 5683: 5676: 5673: 5666: 5663: 5656: 5653: 5646: 5643: 5636: 5633: 5626: 5623: 5616: 5613: 5606: 5603: 5596: 5593: 5586: 5583: 5574: 5571: 5564: 5561: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5518: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5486: 5483: 5476: 5473: 5466: 5463: 5456: 5453: 5446: 5443: 5436: 5433: 5426: 5423: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5380: 5373: 5370: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5319:Asteroid belt 5316: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5298: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5086:Dwarf planets 5080: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5061: 5060: 5057: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5016: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4983: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4880: 4879:Dwarf planets 4876: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4805: 4800: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4789: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4757: 4752: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4734: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4709:Orbit diagram 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4602: 4593: 4581: 4573: 4571:9781624101823 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4546: 4544: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4506: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4436: 4434: 4424: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4357: 4350: 4348: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4226: 4222: 4216: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4040: 4038: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4007: 4006: 3998: 3990: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3958: 3956: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3743: 3741: 3724: 3717: 3715: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3543: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3404: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3350: 3348: 3332: 3330:9780807600542 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3287: 3283: 3277: 3261: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3219: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3156: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3004: 3001: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2928: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2842: 2840: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2784: 2777: 2775: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2712: 2696: 2692: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2581: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2548: 2541: 2539: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2297: 2281: 2277: 2271: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2244: 2237: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2188: 2185: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2143: 2138: 2132: 2116: 2112: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2050: 2016: 2009: 2003: 1986: 1971: 1965: 1958: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1875: 1869: 1864: 1862: 1861:Titan tholins 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1820:impact events 1816: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:near-infrared 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1694:highly likely 1691: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1545: 1544:Michael Brown 1541: 1536: 1526: 1522: 1519:and its moon 1518: 1514: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1490: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1280:Diameter (km) 1279: 1276: 1275: 1259: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1168:of 39.8 1166: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1115: 1108: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1076:The usage of 1074: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 993: 989: 984: 975: 973: 969: 965: 962:'s 2.2-meter 961: 957: 953: 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 929: 921: 917: 913: 908: 906: 902: 898: 895: 894:dwarf planets 889: 887: 883: 882:constellation 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849:Robert Millis 846: 842: 838: 831: 827: 822: 808: 806: 802: 798: 793: 789: 785: 781: 780:visible light 776: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 739:in the outer 738: 734: 730: 727: 723: 720:) is a large 719: 708: 675: 666: 663:3.6 (assumed) 654: 651: 650: 643: 639: 636: 631: 600: 597: 594: 593:Spectral type 589: 585: 572: 570: 566: 563: 552: 542: 539: 534: 522: 512: 509: 504: 494: 491: 490:Mean diameter 486: 477: 475: 471: 468: 464: 460: 457: 452: 446: 443: 438: 434: 431: 426: 422: 420: 416: 412: 409: 404: 401: 397: 394: 389: 385: 381: 377: 374: 369: 365: 363: 359: 355: 352: 347: 343: 341: 337: 334: 330: 328: 324: 320: 317: 312: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 279: 275: 270: 264: 260: 258: 254: 249: 210: 208: 204: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 182: 179: 174: 165: 162: 157: 154: 151: 148: 142: 137: 105: 103:Pronunciation 101: 98:(28978) Ixion 97: 94: 89: 84: 80: 76: 73: 70: 68: 64: 61: 58: 56: 52: 47: 42: 37: 32: 26: 22: 5412: 5284: 5270: 5256: 5237: 5223: 5204: 5180: 5166: 5147: 4773: 4720: 4712: 4704: 4696: 4688: 4677: 4613: 4609: 4552: 4515: 4511: 4477: 4452: 4448: 4408:(1): 55–67. 4405: 4401: 4391: 4366: 4362: 4334:. Retrieved 4318: 4308: 4281: 4277: 4267: 4257:27 September 4255:. Retrieved 4251: 4241: 4229:. Retrieved 4224: 4215: 4164: 4160: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4056: 4052: 4024:. Retrieved 4012: 4004: 3997: 3970: 3917: 3876: 3863: 3846: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3759: 3755: 3727:. Retrieved 3662: 3658: 3645: 3620: 3616: 3561: 3557: 3529:. Retrieved 3525: 3465: 3461: 3432: 3419: 3407:. Retrieved 3402: 3390: 3359: 3334:. Retrieved 3320: 3290:. Retrieved 3285: 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3259: 3247: 3230: 3205:. Retrieved 3200: 3188: 3171: 3167: 3142:. Retrieved 3137: 3128: 3116:. Retrieved 3112:the original 3071:. Retrieved 3060: 3033:. Retrieved 3029: 3019: 3007:. Retrieved 2994: 2985: 2956:. Retrieved 2943: 2931:. Retrieved 2894:the original 2865: 2861: 2826:. Retrieved 2790:. Retrieved 2728: 2724: 2711: 2699:. Retrieved 2694: 2685: 2642: 2638: 2593: 2580: 2553: 2510: 2506: 2466: 2404: 2400: 2353: 2349: 2312:. Retrieved 2307: 2283:. Retrieved 2280:JPL Horizons 2270: 2247: 2236: 2224:. Retrieved 2219: 2191:. Retrieved 2162: 2152:the original 2140: 2131: 2119:. Retrieved 2078:. Retrieved 2066: 2025:1212 km 2021:2376 km 2015: 2002: 1985: 1964: 1947: 1913:Delta IV HLV 1902: 1885:New Horizons 1883: 1881: 1865: 1840:polarimetric 1832: 1804: 1737: 1664: 1624: 1589: 1583:of 250 1557: 1555:low albedo. 1548: 1506: 1212: 1204: 1178: 1151: 1135:(grey). The 1075: 1068: 997: 933:Solar System 930: 909: 890: 873:southern sky 865:James Elliot 834: 777: 741:Solar System 729:dwarf planet 712: 673: 672: 648: 393:Mean anomaly 362:Eccentricity 321:17 July 1982 195: 187: 152: 86:Designations 25: 5027:90377 Sedna 4825:TNO classes 4775:28978 Ixion 4674:28978 Ixion 4336:30 November 4231:25 November 4104:: 357–392. 4026:11 November 3729:11 November 3433:unicode.org 3336:11 November 3292:11 November 3266:10 November 3207:10 November 3000:Buie, M. W. 2949:Buie, M. W. 2184:Buie, M. W. 2080:30 November 2037:710 km 2033:727 km 2029:792 km 1974:16 16 06.12 1909:Atlas V 551 1898:phase curve 1894:phase angle 1878:Exploration 1800:cosmic rays 1787:wavelengths 1767:wavelengths 1756:reflectance 1679:light curve 1665:Astronomer 1581:frequencies 1215:light curve 1162:mean-motion 1060:thunderbolt 945:Astrovirtel 733:Kuiper belt 674:28978 Ixion 569:Temperature 500:0.2 km 419:Inclination 408:Mean motion 145:Named after 81:22 May 2001 29:28978 Ixion 6285:Categories 5714:Other KBOs 5332:Interamnia 5193:Atmosphere 5160:Atmosphere 5127:Mesoplanet 4623:1810.07811 4111:1712.05669 3531:5 November 3468:: L9–L12. 3409:5 November 3144:6 November 3118:5 November 3073:6 November 3035:6 November 3009:5 November 2958:9 November 2933:5 November 2828:5 November 2792:16 October 2738:1511.09401 2414:1605.08251 2356:(5): 210. 2314:24 October 2285:2023-08-27 2264:required.) 2243:"Ixionian" 2046:References 1968:The given 1957:arcseconds 1807:clathrates 1754:. Ixion's 1720:arcseconds 1690:spheroidal 1686:magnitudes 1647:atmosphere 1222:magnitudes 1197:perihelion 1137:perihelion 1131:(red) and 1024:underworld 474:Dimensions 340:Perihelion 291:2459200.5) 207:Adjectives 5861:Dziewanna 5528:Cubewanos 5311:Candidate 5141:Consensus 4869:TNO moons 4832:Cubewanos 4701:Ephemeris 4693:Discovery 4648:119033012 4590:ignored ( 4580:cite book 4199:1573-0794 4136:119072504 4066:1202.3657 3829:118866288 3705:189905992 3697:1573-0794 3030:Space.com 2890:126574999 2868:: 30–38. 2765:119219851 2652:1209.1896 2513:(4): 31. 2447:119204060 2439:1572-946X 2407:(7): 15. 2380:233545793 1835:aqueously 1781:of water 1742:. In the 1706:have any 1701:, with a 1682:amplitude 1655:microbars 1653:of <2 1631:red giant 1570:with the 1416:(adopted) 1218:amplitude 1160:in a 2:3 952:precovery 816:Discovery 551:geometric 356:39.802 AU 344:30.019 AU 316:precovery 314:Earliest 211:Ixionian 49:Discovery 6296:Plutinos 6270:Category 6233:Sednoids 5505:Twotinos 5400:Plutinos 5350:Chariklo 5342:Centaurs 5272:Gonggong 5225:Makemake 5019:Sednoids 5002:Dysnomia 4990:Xiangliu 4985:Gonggong 4973:Makemake 4922:Kerberos 4862:Twotinos 4857:Plutinos 4325:: 9110. 4207:14820512 4013:Refubium 3857:. 52.05. 3586:55292212 3315:(1955). 3067:Archived 3062:BBC News 2701:26 April 2677:54776793 2477:. 40.19. 2226:26 April 2193:26 April 1853:nitrogen 1849:cometary 1759:spectrum 1740:Arrokoth 1627:occulted 1616: mi 1604: km 1231:Sheppard 1201:aphelion 1191:of 19.6 1181:ecliptic 1142:aphelion 1139:(q) and 1114:plutinos 1056:Centaurs 1040:Deioneus 1032:Thessaly 1012:plutinos 905:Makemake 886:Scorpius 726:possible 461:298.314° 382:(91,717 327:Aphelion 6242:2012 VP 6219:2008 ST 6209:2007 JJ 6199:2005 TB 6189:2004 XR 6179:2003 QX 6169:2003 FY 6144:2021 LL 6132:2021 DR 6120:2018 VG 6108:2018 AG 6096:2017 FO 6084:2015 RR 6072:2015 KH 6062:2014 WK 6050:2014 UZ 6040:2014 EZ 6030:2014 AN 6020:2013 FY 6010:2010 VZ 6003:2010 TJ 5991:2010 JO 5981:2010 RF 5971:2010 RE 5959:2010 KZ 5949:2008 OG 5937:2006 QH 5927:2005 RM 5917:2005 QU 5907:2004 XA 5897:2002 TC 5887:2001 UR 5877:1996 TL 5867:1996 GQ 5834:2015 RR 5824:2015 AM 5814:2014 UM 5804:2013 FZ 5794:2011 GM 5782:2011 FW 5772:2010 VK 5762:2010 JO 5752:2002 XW 5742:2000 YW 5732:1999 DE 5722:1999 CD 5699:2010 FX 5689:2005 UQ 5679:2005 RN 5669:2004 UX 5659:2004 TY 5649:2004 PF 5639:2004 NT 5629:2004 GV 5619:2003 QW 5609:2002 UX 5599:2002 MS 5589:2002 KX 5577:2002 CY 5567:2002 AW 5557:1998 SN 5541:Salacia 5514:2002 WC 5489:2017 OF 5479:2007 JH 5469:2003 VS 5459:2003 UZ 5449:2003 AZ 5439:2002 XV 5429:2002 VR 5419:2001 QF 5386:2014 NW 5376:2013 TC 5366:1999 OX 5188:Geology 5155:Geology 5132:Planemo 5033:2012 VP 4944:Hiʻiaka 4882:(moons) 4676:at the 4628:Bibcode 4520:Bibcode 4500:1999 TD 4493:2000 GM 4486:2000 FZ 4457:Bibcode 4410:Bibcode 4371:Bibcode 4327:Bibcode 4286:Bibcode 4179:Bibcode 4116:Bibcode 4071:Bibcode 3975:Bibcode 3932:Bibcode 3851:Bibcode 3809:Bibcode 3764:Bibcode 3677:Bibcode 3625:Bibcode 3566:Bibcode 3500:7577024 3480:Bibcode 3317:"Ixion" 3235:Bibcode 3176:Bibcode 3104:Bibcode 2870:Bibcode 2767:. A155. 2743:Bibcode 2657:Bibcode 2598:Bibcode 2558:Bibcode 2515:Bibcode 2471:Bibcode 2419:Bibcode 2358:Bibcode 2159:"Ixion" 2137:"Ixion" 2121:7 April 2071:Bibcode 1992:2001 KX 1905:orbiter 1857:methane 1815:tholins 1813:called 1718:of 0.5 1530:2003 AZ 1525:plutino 1320:<822 1308:<804 1193:degrees 1154:plutino 1133:Neptune 1052:Nephele 1028:Lapiths 1020:Neptune 1002:figure 994:in 2001 923:2001 KX 828:at the 811:History 773:Lapiths 767:figure 759:at the 753:Neptune 745:plutino 737:Neptune 714:2001 KX 435:71.011° 423:19.600° 398:289.587 378:251.11 366:0.24579 331:49.584 200:distant 192:plutino 167:2001 KX 16:Plutino 5551:Varuna 5360:Pholus 5355:Chiron 5327:Hygiea 5239:Quaoar 5206:Haumea 5120:Pallas 5110:Triton 5105:Phoebe 4961:Weywot 4956:Quaoar 4939:Namaka 4934:Haumea 4907:Charon 4721:· 4719: 4713:· 4711: 4705:· 4703: 4697:· 4695: 4689:· 4687: 4646: 4568: 4205: 4197: 4134: 4059:: 19. 3985: 3942: 3883: 3827: 3791:Icarus 3703: 3695: 3584: 3498: 3378: 3327: 2888: 2862:Icarus 2763: 2731:: 33. 2675: 2645:: 20. 2608: 2568: 2445: 2437: 2378: 2142:Lexico 1859:-rich 1752:Quaoar 1703:porous 1521:Charon 1502:albedo 1388:−139.7 1386:+141.9 1367:~446.3 1235:Jewitt 903:, and 897:Haumea 724:and a 582: 449:±1 day 257:Symbol 196:· 194: 188:· 186: 5546:Varda 5536:Chaos 5413:Ixion 5286:Sedna 5250:Rings 5212:Moons 5198:Moons 5182:Pluto 5168:Orcus 5149:Ceres 5115:Vesta 5009:Sedna 4966:Rings 4927:Hydra 4902:Pluto 4895:Vanth 4890:Orcus 4723: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4691: 4644:S2CID 4618:arXiv 4508:(PDF) 4445:(PDF) 4359:(PDF) 4203:S2CID 4169:arXiv 4157:(PDF) 4132:S2CID 4106:arXiv 4061:arXiv 4049:(PDF) 4009:(PDF) 3967:(PDF) 3922:arXiv 3914:(PDF) 3873:(PDF) 3825:S2CID 3799:arXiv 3752:(PDF) 3701:S2CID 3667:arXiv 3655:(PDF) 3613:(PDF) 3582:S2CID 3554:(PDF) 3496:S2CID 3470:arXiv 3458:(PDF) 3429:(PDF) 3399:(PDF) 3256:(PDF) 3197:(PDF) 2886:S2CID 2858:(PDF) 2786:(PDF) 2761:S2CID 2733:arXiv 2721:(PDF) 2673:S2CID 2647:arXiv 2635:(PDF) 2590:(PDF) 2550:(PDF) 2531:. 95. 2443:S2CID 2409:arXiv 2376:S2CID 2258: 2008:Pluto 1940:Notes 1929:flyby 1643:chord 1552:Ceres 1540:Orcus 1517:Pluto 1475:709.6 1471:2021 1452:2013 1440:2013 1424:2007 1402:2007 1383:573.1 1379:2007 1363:2007 1344:2005 1328:2005 1316:2005 1304:2003 1288:2002 1283:Refs 1226:Ortiz 1129:Pluto 1018:with 1004:Ixion 914:in a 841:Chile 769:Ixion 751:with 660:0.021 656:3.774 627:0.086 623:1.146 609:0.051 605:1.009 559:0.007 555:0.037 548:0.002 544:0.108 496:709.6 285:Epoch 198: 190: 153:Ixīōn 150:Ιξίων 5408:Huya 5278:Moon 5264:Moon 5258:Eris 5245:Moon 5231:Moon 5217:Ring 5174:Moon 4997:Eris 4949:Ring 4912:Styx 4592:help 4566:ISBN 4491:and 4338:2019 4259:2019 4233:2019 4195:ISSN 4028:2019 3983:ISBN 3940:ISBN 3881:ISBN 3731:2019 3693:ISSN 3533:2019 3411:2019 3376:ISBN 3338:2019 3325:ISBN 3294:2019 3268:2019 3209:2019 3172:7657 3146:2019 3120:2019 3075:2019 3037:2019 3011:2019 2960:2019 2935:2019 2830:2019 2794:2019 2703:2017 2606:ISBN 2566:ISBN 2435:ISSN 2316:2020 2228:2017 2195:2017 2123:2021 2082:2019 2023:and 1978:17 1921:Huya 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