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1006:(MOID) of 0.34 AU (51 million km), and a perihelion at 0.90 AU around 30 December 2019. However, based on available observations, the orbit could only be parabolic if non-gravitational forces (thrust due to outgassing) affected its orbit more than any previous comets. Eventually with more observations the orbit converged to the hyperbolic solution that indicated an interstellar origin and non-gravitational forces could not explain the motion.
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1101:) bands. Atomic oxygen has also been detected, from this observers estimated an outgassing of water at a rate similar to Solar System comets. Initially, neither water nor OH lines were directly detected in September 2019. First unambiguous detection of OH lines was done 1 November 2019, and OH production peaked in early December 2019.
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and Luu compared 2I/Borisov to C/2019 J2 (Palomar), another comet of similar size that disintegrated in May 2019 at a distance of 1.9 AU from the Sun. In the event that the nucleus disintegrates, as is sometimes seen with small comets, Hubble can be used to study the evolution of the disintegration process.
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A comet with a parabolic trajectory (with an eccentricity of 1) would leave the Solar System in the direction it entered, having had its path altered by 180°. 2I/Borisov, with its higher eccentricity, has a more open trajectory and will have its path altered by only 34° as it passes through the Solar
1109:
The comet did come within about 2 AU of the Sun, a distance at which many small comets have been found to disintegrate. The probability that a comet disintegrates strongly depends on the size of its nucleus; Guzik et al. estimated a probability of 10% that this would happen to 2I/Borisov. Jewitt
775:
spacecraft, which is leaving the Solar System, is traveling at 16.9 km/s (3.57 AU/a). 2I/Borisov has a much larger eccentricity than ʻOumuamua due to its higher excess velocity and its significantly higher perihelion distance. At this larger distance, the Sun's gravity is less able to alter
1457:
Hubble took a series of snapshots as the comet streaked along at 110,000 miles per hour. The comet was 260 million miles from Earth when Hubble took the photo. This Hubble image, taken on 12 October 2019 reveals a central concentration of dust around the nucleus (which is too small
1113:
The severe outburst in
February–March 2020, led to suspected "ongoing nucleus fragmentation" from the comet by 12 March. Indeed, images from the Hubble Space Telescope taken on 30 March 2020 show a non-stellar core indicating that Comet 2I/Borisov has ejected sunward a large fragment.
1117:
A followup study, reported on 6 April 2020, observed only a single object, and noted that the fragment component had now disappeared. Later analysis of the event showed the ejected dust and fragments have a combined mass of about 0.1% of total mass of nucleus, making the event a large outburst
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2I/Borisov's interstellar origin required a couple of weeks to confirm. Early orbital solutions based on initial observations included the possibility that the comet could be a near-Earth object 1.4 AU from the Sun in an elliptical orbit with an orbital period of less than 1 year. Later
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The last observations were in July 2020, seven months after perihelion. Observation of 2I/Borisov was aided by the fact that the comet was detected while inbound towards the Solar System. ʻOumuamua had been discovered as it was leaving the system, and thus could only be observed for 80 days
376:
said that the comet's tail was 14 times the size of Earth, and stated, "It's humbling to realize how small Earth is next to this visitor from another solar system." In the middle of March, 2020, the comet was observed to fragment; and later, in April, even more evidence of fragmentation was
769:, much higher than what could be explained by perturbations, which could produce velocities when approaching an infinite distance from the Sun of less than a few km/s. These two parameters are important indicators of 2I/Borisov's interstellar origin. For comparison, the
420:
Further refinements after thirteen days of observation made clear the object was a hyperbolic comet, and it was given the designation C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) by the Minor Planet Center on 11 September 2019. A number of other astronomers including
1033:
began on 12 October, when the comet moved far enough from the Sun to be safely observed by the telescope. Hubble is less affected by the confounding effects of the coma than ground-based telescopes, which will allow it to study the rotational
1251:
Objects with eccentricities greater than 1 will have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy – the smaller the perihelion distance, and the larger above 1 the eccentricity is, the closer to 0 the semimajor axis value will
1142:(SLS)-class booster, but only if the object had been discovered much earlier than it was to meet the optimal launch date. Launches after the actual discovery date would eliminate the possibility to use Falcon Heavy-class rockets, requiring
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before it was out of range. Because of its closest approach occurring near traditional year-end holidays, and the capability to have extended observations, some astronomers have called 2I/Borisov a "Christmas comet". Observations using the
1274:
For objects gravitationally bound to the Sun, velocities when approaching the equivalent of an infinite distance from the Sun should be less than a few kilometres per second. At its furthest distance from the Sun, Halley's comet moves
389:(IAU), with "2I" or "2I/2019 Q4" being its designation and "Borisov" being its name, but is sometimes referred to as "Comet Borisov", especially in the popular press. As the second observed interstellar interloper after
436:
On 24 September 2019 the IAU announced that the
Working Group for Small Body Nomenclature kept the name Borisov giving the comet the interstellar designation of 2I/Borisov, formally announcing the comet was indeed
535:
simulations based on the available orbit determinations suggest that the equatorial obliquity of 2I/Borisov could be about 59 degrees or 90 degrees, the latter is favored for the latest orbit determination.
1018:
978:. In such cases I must immediately post the parameters to the world webpage for confirmation of dangerous asteroids. I posted it and wrote that the object was diffuse and that it was not an asteroid, but a comet.
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The ejection is estimated to have begun around 7 March, and may have occurred during one of the outbursts that occurred near that time. The ejected fragment appeared to have vanished by 6 April 2020.
601:
Trajectory across sky in cylindrical coordinates, with 30 August 2019 discovery position along with precovery positions marked back to 13 December 2018 which help narrow down the incoming trajectory
551:
estimate from the size of its coma the comet is producing 2 kg/s of dust and is losing 60 kg/s of water. They extrapolate that it became active in June 2019 when it was between 4 and 5
397:, where "I" stands for interstellar. The name Borisov follows the tradition of naming comets after their discoverers. Before final designation as 2I/Borisov, the object was referred to by other names:
589:
The 2I/Borisov has also produced a minor amount of neutral nickel emission attributed to an unknown volatile compound of nickel. The nickel to iron abundance ratio is similar to Solar System comets.
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6881:
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upper limit of 0.5 km. The comet did not come much closer to Earth than 300 million km, which prevents using radar to directly determine its size and shape. This could be done using the
2217:
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de León, Julia; Licandro, Javier; Serra-Ricart, Miquel; Cabrera-Lavers, Antonio; Font Serra, Joan; Scarpa, Riccardo; de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (19 September 2019).
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of a star by 2I/Borisov but an occultation would be difficult to predict, requiring a precise determination of its orbit, and the detection would necessitate a network of small telescopes.
4461:. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology (Report). Vol. (Part I and Part II). House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session. 19 March 2013. p. 147
3137:["We'll discover comets without pay, what matters is that the name lives on" — Russian astronomer Gennadiy Borisov on the first interstellar comet in the history of humankind.].
3025:
3976:
Bannister, Michele T.; Opitom, Cyrielle; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Moulane, Youssef; Jehin, Emmanuel; Seligman, Darryl; et al. (2020). "Interstellar comet 2I/Borisov as seen by MUSE: C
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of only 12 days, there was still some doubt that it was interstellar because the observations were at a low solar elongation, which could introduce biases in the data such as
523:
A study using observations from Hubble could not find a variation in the light curve. According to this study the rotational period must be larger than 10 hours. A study with
974:
database. Turned out, it was a new object. Then I measured the near-Earth object rating, it is calculated from various parameters, and it turned out to be 100% – in other words,
1907:
Guzik, Piotr; Drahus, Michał; Rusek, Krzysztof; Waniak, Wacław; Cannizzaro, Giacomo; Pastor-Marazuela, Inés (2020). "Initial characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov".
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1069:. This was the first detection of gas emissions from an interstellar object. The non-detection of diatomic carbon had also been reported in October 2019, with the ratio C
763:
631:
2664:
Bodewits, D.; Noonan, J.W.; Feldman, P.D.; Bannister, M.T.; Farnocchia, D.; Harris, W.M.; et al. (2020). "The carbon monoxide-rich interstellar comet 2I/Borisov".
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near
Jupiter and near the Sun and a larger launch vehicle. Even an SLS-class launcher would only have been able to deliver a 3 kg (6.6 lb) payload (such as a
426:
1085: . This resembles a carbon-chain depleted group of comets, which are either Jupiter family comets or rare blue-colored carbon monoxide comets exemplified by
1657:
Hui, Man-To; Ye, Quan-Zhi; Föhring, Dora; Hung, Denise; Tholen, David J. (2020). "Physical characterisation of interstellar comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov)".
422:
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As seen from Earth, the comet was in the northern sky from
September until mid-November. It crossed the ecliptic plane on 26 October near the star
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3134:«Готовы открывать кометы бесплатно, лишь бы имя осталось». Российский астроном Геннадий Борисов о первой в истории человечества межзвёздной комете
683:(closest approach to the Sun) and was near the inner edge of the asteroid belt. In late December, it made its closest approach to Earth, 1.9
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observations of 2I/Borisov as early as 13 December 2018, but not on 21 November 2018, indicating it became active between these dates.
450:
In this observation, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space
Telescope revisited the comet shortly after its closest approach to the Sun in December 2019.
1002:. Using large non-gravitational forces on the highly eccentric orbit, a solution could be generated with an eccentricity of about 1, an Earth
3458:
3139:
3021:
1444:
1422:
1372:
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Hibberd, Adam; Perakis, Nikolaos; Hein, Andreas M. (13 September 2019). "Sending a spacecraft to interstellar comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)".
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2159:
507:. Also, the amplitude of non-gravitational acceleration place an upper limit of 0.4 km on nucleus size, consistent with a previous
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2385:
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Fitzsimmons, Alan; Hainaut, Olivier; Meech, Karen; Jehin, Emmanuel; Moulane, Youssef; Opitom, Cyrielle; et al. (2 October 2019).
3576:"The Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) obtains the visible spectrum of C/2019 Q4 (Borisov), the first confirmed interstellar comet"
1861:
Seeing comet
Borisov won't be easy for the typical sky gazer, but astronomers still have a lot to learn from this extrasolar tourist.
2927:"Visible and near-infrared observations of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov with the 10.4 m GTC and the 3.6 m TNG telescopes"
7997:
2925:
de León, J.; Licandro, J.; de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R.; Lara, L. M.; Moreno, F.; et al. (30 April 2020).
528:
503:. 2I/Borisov has, unlike Solar System comets, noticeably shrunk during Solar System flyby, losing at least 0.4% of its mass before
5588:
4683:
691:, 2I/Borisov did not make any notable close approaches to the planets. 2I/Borisov entered the Solar System from the direction of
3580:
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4726:
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Lin, Hsing Wen; Lee, Chien-Hsiu; Gerdes, David W.; Adams, Fred C.; Becker, Juliette; Napier, Kevin; Markwardt, Larissa (2019).
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Opitom, C.; Fitzsimmons, A.; Jehin, E.; Moulane, Y.; Hainaut, O.; Meech, K. J.; et al. (20 October 2019). "2I/Borisov: A C
3412:
2440:"Constraints on the spin-pole orientation, jet morphology, and rotation of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov with deep HST imaging"
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Kareta, Theodore; Andrews, Jennifer; Noonan, John W.; Harris, Walter M.; Smith, Nathan; O'Brien, Patrick; et al. (2020).
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to CN being less than either 0.095 or 0.3 . The diatomic carbon was positively detected in
November 2019, with measured C
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3104:
2113:
Comet
Borisov, only the second interstellar object spotted by astronomers, shed at least one big chunk as it rounded our sun.
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This weekend an ice cube from beyond our solar system will makes its closest approach to the sun, trailing mystery and dust.
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Hubble started observations of 2I/Borisov in
October 2019, two months prior to the comet's closest approach to the Sun
7634:
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Eubanks, T. M. (2019). "Is
Interstellar Object 2I/Borisov a Stardust Comet? Predictions for the Post Perihelion Period".
4006:
1134:, a 202 kg (445 lb) spacecraft could theoretically have been sent in July 2018 to intercept 2I/Borisov using a
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on 8 December 2019. The comet passed closest to Earth on 28 December 2019. In November 2019, astronomers from
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2I/Borisov's composition appears uncommon yet not unseen in Solar System comets, being relatively depleted in water and
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3519:
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851:, using a 0.65 meter telescope he designed and built himself. The discovery has been compared to the discovery of
582:). The molar ratio of carbon monoxide to water in 2I/Borisov tail is 35–105%, resembling the unusual blue-tailed comet
5646:
2721:; Roth, N.X.; Bergin, E.A.; et al. (2020). "Unusually high CO abundance of the first active interstellar comet".
734:, with heliocentric eccentricities just over 1, and even ʻOumuamua with an eccentricity of 1.2. 2I/Borisov also has a
8036:
7228:
6307:
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3605:"Interstellar Visitors: A physical characterization of comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) with OSIRIS at the 10.4 m GTC"
2250:
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44:
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1971:
859:. Tombaugh was also an amateur astronomer who was building his own telescopes, although he discovered Pluto using
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2548:"Constraining the orientation of the spin axes of extrasolar minor bodies 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua) and 2I/Borisov"
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This refers to the NEO Confirmation Page for confirming near-Earth objects and potentially hazardous objects.
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Guzik, Piotr; Drahus, Michał (2021), "Gaseous atomic nickel in the coma of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov",
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2007:
1154:. According to congressional testimony, NASA may need at least five years of preparation to launch such an
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of the Solar System at the end of October 2019, and made its closest approach to the Sun at just over
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On Dec. 7, the extrasolar comet now known as 2I/Borisov will make its closest approach to the sun.
2552:
1230:. At the time of this photograph, Borisov was 418 million km (260 million mi) from
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makes it hard for a spacecraft to reach the comet with existing technology: according to a team of the
966:. I saw a moving object in the frame, it moved in a direction that was slightly different from that of
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Jewitt, David; Kim, Yoonyoung; Mutchler, Max; Weaver, Harold; Agarwal, Jessica; Hui, Man-To (2020).
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Threats from Space: A review of U.S. Government efforts to track and mitigate asteroids and meteors
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Trajectory of Borisov (yellow) crossing the ecliptic plane; 'Oumuamua (red) shown for comparison
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on 13 November 2019, entering the southern sky. On 8 December 2019, the comet reached
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Jewitt, D.; Weaver, H. A.; Mutchler, M.; Agarwal, J.; Kim, Y.; Hui, M.-T. (25 September 2019).
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Borisov approaches the ecliptic plane between the orbits of Jupiter (pink) and Mars (orange)
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found a period of 13.2 ± 0.2 days, which is unlikely to be the nuclear spin.
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of Greenwich, so it was August 30 in Crimea when Borisov first observed the comet.
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The NEO rating calculates the probability that a new object is a near-Earth candidate.
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Comet 2I/Borisov and a distant galaxy (2MASX J10500165-0152029) in November 2019.
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3201:[Crimean astronomer says that the comet discovered by him will be renamed.].
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A preliminary (low-resolution) visible spectrum of 2I/Borisov was similar to typical
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2381:"The difficulty of predicting stellar occultations by interstellar comet 2I/Borisov"
1811:[Crimean astronomer says that the comet discovered by him will be renamed].
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of 2I/Borisov's nucleus. This should facilitate an estimate of its size and shape.
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7364:
7233:
6927:
6770:
6655:
6635:
6613:
6565:
6555:
6520:
6475:
6182:
6047:
5957:
5877:
5261:
5185:
4888:
4778:
4411:
4376:
4270:"Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov really is breaking apart, according to new data"
4208:
4171:
4147:
4112:
4067:
4032:
3894:
3867:
3786:
3751:
3698:
3663:
3631:
3604:
3515:
2805:
2641:
2606:
2515:
2490:
2407:
2380:
2356:
2321:
1771:
1631:
1596:
1288:
856:
819:
Borisov's trajectory and position (white) as of 13 October 2019 (top view)
700:
4645:
4629:
4609:
2752:
2695:
2607:"Pre-discovery activity of new interstellar comet 2I/Borisov beyond 5 AU"
1940:
467:
8166:
7930:
7873:
7792:
7654:
7587:
7223:
7196:
7181:
7019:
6790:
6750:
6705:
6640:
6619:
6515:
6420:
6062:
5765:
5610:
5498:
5473:
5312:
4747:
4217:
3953:
3918:
3640:
2963:
2524:
2466:
2439:
2416:
1948:
1181:
1143:
813:
704:
300:
3337:
1483:
8132:
7780:
7339:
7069:
6933:
6909:
6857:
6842:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6700:
6630:
6465:
6425:
6410:
6390:
6380:
6312:
6302:
6157:
6147:
6077:
6027:
6022:
6012:
5372:
5341:
5329:
5251:
4970:
4861:
4787:
4619:
3552:(Report). Space Telescope Science Institute. 7 October 2019. Archived from
2844:
2813:
1135:
1066:
430:
355:
7888:
7504:
4772:
4111:
Xing, Zexi; Bodewits, Dennis; Noonan, John; Bannister, Michele T. (2020).
3196:
3132:
1805:
1597:"Initial Characterization of interstellar comet 2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1167:
390:
329:
7940:
7819:
7664:
7627:
7394:
6867:
6862:
6847:
6650:
6608:
6598:
6580:
6575:
6545:
6540:
6500:
6495:
6480:
6375:
6352:
6342:
6337:
6317:
6267:
6257:
6167:
6137:
6107:
6067:
6052:
5937:
5595:
5287:
5255:
5180:
5170:
5115:
5079:
3602:
3203:
1813:
1715:
1051:
1035:
708:
512:
348:
325:
4007:"That interstellar comet is carrying water from beyond our Solar System"
1806:"Krymskiy astronom zayavil, chto otkrytaya im kometa izmenit nazvaniye"
1265:, and thus the ambiguous term "Comet Borisov" is not formally used here.
801:
8031:
7893:
7691:
7449:
7238:
6832:
6725:
6695:
6675:
6645:
6370:
6347:
6277:
6272:
6122:
6112:
6092:
6007:
6002:
5992:
5977:
5952:
5668:
5541:
5493:
5483:
5307:
5017:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4975:
4964:
4958:
4579:
2879:
1047:
864:
716:
16:
Interstellar comet passing through the Solar System, discovered in 2019
4113:"Water production rates and activity of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov"
2545:
2065:"ATel #13613: Possible fragmentation of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov"
1329:
Of the 850,000 objects known to orbit the Sun, 756,000 (89%) are
7923:
7903:
7898:
7807:
7785:
7768:
7639:
7612:
7582:
7459:
7444:
7424:
7389:
7349:
7154:
7129:
7124:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7064:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7014:
7003:
6978:
6625:
6603:
6530:
6525:
6505:
6490:
6485:
6460:
6415:
6282:
6177:
6037:
5967:
5805:
5367:
5297:
5195:
5175:
5044:
5028:
5012:
4947:
4918:
4877:
4735:
3917:
Venkataramani, Kumar; Ganesh, Shashikiran; Baliyan, Kiran S. (2020).
3680:
2945:
2255:
1923:
1330:
1086:
1057:
967:
771:
556:
75:
4555:
2546:
de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (1 November 2020).
6921:
6915:
6852:
6332:
6252:
6242:
6097:
5997:
5972:
5678:
5615:
5488:
5201:
5190:
5159:
5134:
5092:
5050:
5023:
4906:
4894:
4850:
4838:
4826:
4440:
4393:
4190:
4129:
4096:
4049:
3990:
3935:
3884:
3827:
3768:
2788:
2735:
2678:
2623:
2566:
2456:
2338:
2251:"Interstellar comet Borisov shines in incredible new Hubble photos"
1663:
1613:
1097:
to CN ratio reached 0.61, along with appearance of bright amine (NH
548:
476:
362:
1054:
also resemble the Solar System's long period comets. Emissions at
361:
of 3.36 and is not bound to the Sun. The comet passed through the
5947:
5235:
4866:
4801:
4657:
Interactive 3D gravity simulation of Borisov's Solar System flyby
3975:
3198:Крымский астроном заявил, что открытая им комета изменит название
2716:
1808:Крымский астроном заявил, что открытая им комета изменит название
1147:
1062:
672:
333:
4661:
2096:"It came from outside our Solar system and now it's breaking up"
2003:"ATel#1349: Multiple Outbursts of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov"
586:
in contrast to the average ratio of 4% for solar system comets.
499:
Early estimates of nucleus 2I/Borisov diameter have ranged from
7009:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
5347:
5212:
5069:
848:
575:
468:
Interstellar comet 2I/Borisov at perihelion (8 December 2019).
306:
4033:"Detection of a Water Tracer in Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov"
2663:
2489:
Gladman, Brett; Boley, Aaron; Balam, Dave (12 December 2019).
2278:"Hubble Watches Interstellar Comet Borisov Speed Past the Sun"
597:
5455:
3808:
1776:"The Interstellar Comet Has Arrived in Time for the Holidays"
1407:
C/2019 Q4 (Borisov); HST WFC3/UVIS F350LP; Oct. 12, 2019
1231:
852:
730:
of 3.36. This is much higher than the 300+ known weakly
680:
504:
122:
4349:"ATel #16318: interstellar comet 2I/Borisov is single again"
3661:
1684:"MPEC 2019-S72 : 2I/Borisov = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
7025:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
4639:
4623:
4606:
by Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net (with predicted brightness)
4238:
4110:
3724:. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Archived from
984:
962:
I observed it on August 29, but it was August 30
8127:
4241:"Proposal 16009 - Interstellar Object C/2019 Q4"
3916:
687:, and had a solar elongation of about 80°. Due to its 44°
401:
Early orbit solutions suggested that the comet could be a
5424:
4377:"Outburst and splitting of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov"
4295:"Possible fragmentation of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov"
3749:
1239:
994:
gave an eccentricity range of 2.9–4.5 . But with an
963:
344:
539:
4374:
3664:"Detection of CN gas in interstellar object 2I/Borisov"
2303:"Newly discovered comet is likely interstellar visitor"
1744:"Astronomers have spotted a second interstellar object"
699:. This direction indicates that it originates from the
1972:"New image offers close-up view of interstellar comet"
1906:
1844:"Watching an interstellar comet and hoping for a bang"
328:
and the second observed interstellar interloper after
8104:
4320:"Multiple Outbursts of Interstellar Comet 2I/Borisov"
2218:"Bizarre comet from another star system just spotted"
1126:
The high hyperbolic excess velocity of 2I/Borisov of
744:
707:. It will leave the Solar System in the direction of
612:
8188:
Discoveries by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
4448:
4172:"Disintegrating Inbound Long-period Comet C/2019 J2"
2034:"ATel #13611: Interstellar Object 2I/Borisov Double"
1435:"Hubble observes cirst confirmed interstellar comet"
1316:
This is obviously a mistake: Crimea is 3 hours
1138:-class launcher, or 765 kg (1687 lb) on a
479:
appearance, 2I/Borisov's nucleus is surrounded by a
4287:
3312:"Current local time in Crimea, Republic of, Russia"
836:The comet was discovered on 30 August 2019 by
4433:
2123:
2121:
1104:
757:
711:. In interstellar space, 2I/Borisov takes roughly
625:
3923:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
3919:"Ionic emissions in comet C/2016 R2 (Pan-STARRS)"
3865:
3520:"An interstellar comet, in time for the holidays"
3105:"Is another interstellar visitor headed our way?"
3022:"Why don't comets orbit the same way planets do?"
2932:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2598:
2488:
2444:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2379:Bamberger, Daniel; Wells, Guy (22 October 2019).
1200:List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion
385:The comet is formally called "2I/Borisov" by the
8164:
2130:"Naming of new interstellar visitor: 2I/Borisov"
1871:
1869:
1766:
1764:
1656:
776:its path as it passes through the Solar System.
4631:Video (02:07) – 2I/Borisov chemical composition
4312:
3655:
3459:"Is gb00234 an interstellar comet or asteroid?"
3446:on 11 September 2019 – via archive.today.
2322:"FLAMINGOS-2 infrared photometry of 2I/Borisov"
2118:
2089:
2087:
1837:
1835:
1678:
1676:
1674:
970:. I measured its coordinates and consulted the
555:from the Sun. A search of image archives found
4342:
4340:
4170:Jewitt, David; Luu, Jane (24 September 2019).
2979:
2378:
2058:
2056:
2027:
2025:
1996:
1994:
1417:
1415:
1218:A photograph of Borisov's dust trail taken on
1170:- the first interstellar interloper discovered
879:of 38°. Borisov described his discovery thus:
5440:
4677:
3745:
3743:
3210:(in Russian). 16 September 2019. para. 5
2920:
2918:
2372:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2063:Bolin, Bryce T.; et al. (3 April 2020).
2001:Drahus, Michal; et al. (12 March 2020).
1963:
1866:
1842:St. Fleur, Nicholas (24 December 2019).
1820:(in Russian). 16 September 2019. para. 5
1761:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1423:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1373:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
4347:Zhang, Qicheng; et al. (6 April 2020).
4024:
3868:"Detection of diatomic carbon in 2I/Borisov"
3542:
3508:
2836:
2539:
2295:
2084:
1902:
1900:
1832:
1735:
1671:
1093:production had dramatically increased, and C
4647:Video (01:00) – 2I/Borisov orbit animations
4427:
4337:
4261:
4232:
4163:
3998:
3461:. Minor Planet Mailing List. Archived from
3096:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2845:"Pseudo-MPEC for A/2017 U1 (FAQ File)"
2773:
2209:
2153:
2151:
2053:
2032:Jewitt, David; et al. (2 April 2020).
2022:
1991:
1719:(Press release). Astronomical Observatory,
1703:
1595:Jewitt, David; Luu, Jane (6 October 2019).
1412:
1365:
1297:/ 32.2 km/s = 9310 times slower than light.
5895:
5447:
5433:
4758:(lunar obiter, lander and rover; Jul 2019)
4684:
4670:
3802:
3740:
3596:
3486:"Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234 (non-grav A1+A2)"
3222:
3013:
2915:
2182:
1798:
1577:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
983:using 151 observations over 12 days,
433:concluded that the comet was interstellar.
27:
4439:
4410:
4392:
4207:
4189:
4169:
4146:
4128:
4095:
4066:
4048:
3989:
3952:
3934:
3893:
3883:
3826:
3785:
3767:
3697:
3679:
3630:
3450:
3167:"Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234 (precovery-eph)"
3158:
3040:
2962:
2944:
2787:
2734:
2677:
2640:
2622:
2565:
2514:
2465:
2455:
2406:
2355:
2337:
1922:
1897:
1841:
1711:"Interstellar comet with a familiar look"
1662:
1652:
1650:
1630:
1612:
1594:
1548:
1546:
1234:, similar to the average distance of the
7110:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
7085:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
7020:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3714:
3477:
3124:
2862:
2717:Cordiner, M.A.; Milam, S.N.; Biver, N.;
2148:
1741:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1013:
596:
485:
445:
8173:Astronomical objects discovered in 2019
7120:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
4089:
3722:"IAU Electronic Telegram No. 4670"
3514:
3130:
3070:
2491:"The inbound light curve of 2I/Borisov"
2215:
2127:
1969:
1770:
1523:"2I/Borisov = C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1463:
1261:This is the eighth comet discovered by
8165:
4600:MPEC 2019-T116 : COMET 2I/Borisov
3752:"Carbon chain depletion of 2I/Borisov"
3496:from the original on 11 September 2019
3177:from the original on 12 September 2019
3131:Нелюбин, Николай (13 September 2019).
3058:from the original on 12 September 2019
3019:
3001:from the original on 25 September 2019
2833:Optim et al. 2021, Manfroid et al 2021
2216:Greskno, Michael (12 September 2019).
2031:
2000:
1647:
1565:from the original on 11 September 2019
1543:
7060:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
5894:
5428:
5363:(end of mission; Aug 2018 / Feb 2019)
4665:
4546:comet is "14 times the size of Earth"
4346:
4267:
4030:
4004:
3405:
2437:
2160:"Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234 (AutoNEOCP)"
2093:
2062:
1875:
1510:
1498:from the original on 26 November 2019
1089:. By the end of November 2019, C
722:2I/Borisov's trajectory is extremely
540:Chemical makeup and nucleus structure
5700:List of comets visited by spacecraft
5198:(first-ever light from bh-bh merger)
4744:(solar sail demonstration; Jun 2019)
4031:McKay, Adam J.; et al. (2020).
3581:Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
3456:
3102:
2842:
2438:Bolin, Bryce T. (13 December 2019).
2320:Lee, Chien-Hsiu (11 December 2019).
2248:
1742:Grossman, Lisa (12 September 2019).
1552:
1447:from the original on 17 October 2019
1397:from the original on 17 October 2019
7145:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
4005:Starr, Michelle (30 October 2019).
3568:
3189:
3028:from the original on 1 October 2019
2319:
1876:Corum, Jonathan (7 December 2019).
1173:Blue (carbon monoxide rich) comets
1132:Initiative for Interstellar Studies
1004:minimum orbit intersection distance
415:Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page
13:
8183:Discoveries by amateur astronomers
3020:Siegel, Ethan (16 December 2017).
2880:"FAQ for C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
2604:
2249:Gohd, Chelsea (14 December 2019).
1041:
750:
618:
441:
14:
8214:
7285:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
7065:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
5204:(first-ever "mass-gap" collision)
4691:
4586:Extrasolar Planetary Encyclopedia
4477:
4248:Space Telescope Science Institute
4177:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
3436:"alternate CENOS archival source"
1970:Shelton, Jim (26 November 2019).
494:
8150:
8138:
8126:
8114:
8089:
8088:
7135:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
5513:
5507:
5399:
5398:
5387:
5272:
4937:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4725:
4268:Starr, Michelle (3 April 2020).
3483:
3457:Gray, Bill (10 September 2019).
3442:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3419:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3296:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3281:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3266:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3251:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3236:. Scout: gb00234. Archived from
3164:
2877:
2605:Ye, Quanzi; et al. (2020).
2195:"Comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
2157:
2134:International Astronomical Union
1553:Gray, Bill (20 September 2019).
1385:"Comet 2I/Borisov Compass image"
1222:with the UVIS F350LP channel of
1009:
812:
800:
788:
462:
387:International Astronomical Union
7229:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
7115:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
7105:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
7080:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
7055:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
7050:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
7045:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
7040:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
7035:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
7030:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
6999:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
6994:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
6989:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
6984:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
6979:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
5642:Observational history of comets
4611:Video (31:13) – 2I/Borisov talk
4368:
4104:
4083:
3969:
3910:
3859:
3380:
3355:
3330:
3304:
3103:King, Bob (11 September 2019).
2897:
2827:
2767:
2710:
2657:
2482:
2431:
2313:
2270:
2242:
1488:JPL Small-Body Database Browser
1345:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1300:
1282:
1268:
1255:
1105:Suspected nucleus fragmentation
867:. At discovery, it was inbound
606:Interstellar velocity inbound (
475:Unlike ʻOumuamua, which had an
380:
7264:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
7254:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
6661:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
3813:depleted interstellar comet".
2843:Gray, Bill (26 October 2017).
2094:Sokol, Joshua (7 April 2020).
1245:
1212:
1121:
883:JPL Scout eccentricity ranges
826:
1:
7249:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
5731:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
3550:HST Weekly Observing Timeline
1358:
592:
7290:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
7212:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
6812:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
6721:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
6213:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
5414:Category:2020 in outer space
5409:Category:2019 in outer space
5404:Category:2018 in outer space
3815:Astronomy & Astrophysics
3048:"Interstellar Comet gb00234"
2128:Christensen, Lars Lindberg.
843:at his personal observatory
831:
7:
6781:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
6153:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
6133:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
5664:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
4592:Hyperbolic orbit simulation
4582:at ProjectPluto (Bill Gray)
3845:10.1051/0004-6361/201936959
3388:"The NEO Confirmation Page"
2584:10.1051/0004-6361/202037447
1161:
1118:rather than fragmentation.
782:2I/Borisov — orbit diagrams
758:{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}
626:{\displaystyle v_{\infty }}
518:
483:, a cloud of dust and gas.
332:. It was discovered by the
10:
8219:
7170:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
7150:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
7090:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
7075:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
5695:List of missions to comets
5454:
2806:10.1038/s41586-021-03485-4
2553:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1484:"C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)"
1061:indicated the presence of
736:hyperbolic excess velocity
305:≤ 0.5 km(for an
8084:
7558:
7455:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
7400:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
7272:
7100:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
7015:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
6974:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
6966:
6953:
6940:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
6880:
6820:
6799:
6683:
6674:
6564:
6361:
6308:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
6263:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
5923:
5912:
5908:
5890:
5858:
5840:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
5708:
5687:
5629:
5522:
5505:
5466:
5462:
5382:
5321:
5270:
5151:
4933:
4821:Asteroid close approaches
4810:
4786:
4763:
4719:
4697:
4570:Paris Observatory (LESIA)
4381:The Astrophysical Journal
4354:The Astronomer's Telegram
4324:The Astronomer's Telegram
4299:The Astronomer's Telegram
4117:The Astrophysical Journal
4037:The Astrophysical Journal
3872:The Astrophysical Journal
3756:The Astrophysical Journal
3668:The Astrophysical Journal
3610:Research Notes of the AAS
3392:www.minorplanetcenter.net
3338:"IAU Minor Planet Center"
3082:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2995:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
2987:"Search Engine: e > 1"
2753:10.1038/s41550-020-1087-2
2696:10.1038/s41550-020-1095-2
2495:Research Notes of the AAS
2386:Research Notes of the AAS
2326:Research Notes of the AAS
2070:The Astronomer's Telegram
2039:The Astronomer's Telegram
2008:The Astronomer's Telegram
1941:10.1038/s41550-019-0931-8
1601:The Astrophysical Journal
1555:"Pseudo-MPEC for gb00234"
1492:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
988:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
461:
456:
299:
294:
281:
264:
254:
246:
228:
208:
192:
170:
147:
121:
111:
101:
91:
84:
68:
55:
43:
38:
26:
7160:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
7095:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
7070:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
6293:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
6083:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
6073:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
5746:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
4738:(lunar lander; Feb 2019)
4594:– 2I/Borisov (Tony Dunn)
4412:10.3847/2041-8213/ab99cb
4209:10.3847/2041-8213/ab4135
4148:10.3847/2041-8213/ab86be
4068:10.3847/2041-8213/ab64ed
3984:and red CN detections".
3895:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6bd9
3787:10.3847/2041-8213/ab6a08
3699:10.3847/2041-8213/ab49fc
3632:10.3847/2515-5172/ab449c
3431:– via archive.org.
3207:
3197:
3143:
3133:
2642:10.3847/1538-3881/ab659b
2611:The Astronomical Journal
2516:10.3847/2515-5172/ab6085
2408:10.3847/2515-5172/ab4efb
2357:10.3847/2515-5172/ab5f69
1878:"Tracking comet Borisov"
1817:
1807:
1632:10.3847/2041-8213/ab530b
1279:with respect to the Sun.
1205:
393:, it was given the "2I"
324:, is the first observed
320:, originally designated
295:Physical characteristics
7635:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
7490:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
6691:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
5983:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
5831:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
5674:Small Solar System body
4489:JPL Small-Body Database
3837:2019A&A...631L...8O
2991:JPL Small-Body Database
2909:spaceweathergallery.com
2576:2020A&A...643A..18D
1721:Jagiellonian University
1000:differential refraction
703:, rather than from the
405:and was thus listed on
343:on 29 August 2019
86:Orbital characteristics
33:Borisov in October 2019
7470:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
7465:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
7310:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
7207:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
7187:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
6786:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
6746:107P/Wilson–Harrington
6741:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
6711:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
6587:4015 Wilson–Harrington
6431:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
6396:107P/Wilson–Harrington
6386:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
6198:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
5394:Outer space portal
5337:; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)
4566:Pictures of 2I/Borisov
3954:10.1093/mnras/staa1141
2964:10.1093/mnras/staa1190
2467:10.1093/mnras/staa2192
2282:www.spacetelescope.org
1458:to be seen by Hubble).
1228:Hubble Space Telescope
1031:Hubble Space Telescope
1025:
980:
875:from Earth, and had a
759:
647:1I/2017 U1 (ʻOumuamua)
627:
602:
509:Hubble Space Telescope
491:
451:
7988:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
7550:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
7500:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
7480:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
7445:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
7425:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
7370:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
7360:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
7340:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
7305:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
7300:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
7295:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
7130:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
6776:206P/Barnard–Boattini
6298:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
6208:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
6103:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
5850:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
5811:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
5741:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
5716:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3367:minorplanetcenter.net
3342:minorplanetcenter.net
3300:on 11 September 2019.
3290:"151 obs / 302 hours"
3285:on 11 September 2019.
3275:"142 obs / 298 hours"
3270:on 11 September 2019.
3260:"127 obs / 289 hours"
3255:on 10 September 2019.
3052:Astronomer's Telegram
2197:. Minor Planet Center
1427:European Space Agency
1377:European Space Agency
1023:
960:
760:
719:relative to the Sun.
695:near the border with
628:
600:
584:C/2016 R2 (PANSTARRS)
489:
449:
80:13 December 2018
8198:Interstellar objects
7968:Skjellerup–Maristany
7505:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
7415:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
7405:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
7380:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
7365:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
7320:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
7234:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
6904:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
6892:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
6731:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
6288:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
6188:52P/Harrington–Abell
6163:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
6058:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
6033:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
5353:far side of the Moon
3728:on 25 September 2019
3465:on 19 September 2019
3423:on 10 September 2019
3245:"99 obs / 272 hours"
3240:on 8 September 2019.
3230:"81 obs / 225 hours"
2309:. 12 September 2019.
2230:on 12 September 2019
2170:on 10 September 2019
1156:intercepting mission
742:
728:orbital eccentricity
659:2I/2019 Q4 (Borisov)
610:
359:orbital eccentricity
339:and telescope maker
250:8 December 2019
8037:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
7540:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
7530:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
7510:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
7495:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
7485:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
7475:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
7460:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
7430:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
7410:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
7385:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
7330:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
7224:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
7197:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
7182:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
7155:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
6666:(300163) 2006 VW139
6536:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
6441:156P/Russell–LINEAR
6323:79P/du Toit–Hartley
6233:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
6218:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
6143:43P/Wolf–Harrington
6043:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
5845:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
5821:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
5816:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
5796:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
5766:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
5751:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
5303:138P/Shoemaker–Levy
5283:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
5208:J043947.08+163415.7
4626:(19 September 2019)
4598:Minor Planet Center
4575:Discovery animation
4556:Image of 2I/Borisov
4542:Image of 2I/Borisov
4535:Physical parameters
4403:2020ApJ...896L..39J
4200:2019ApJ...883L..28J
4139:2020ApJ...893L..48X
4059:2020ApJ...889L..10M
3945:2020MNRAS.495.3559V
3778:2020ApJ...889L..38K
3690:2019ApJ...885L...9F
3623:2019RNAAS...3..131D
3584:. 14 September 2019
3316:WorldTimeServer.com
3110:Sky & Telescope
2955:2020MNRAS.495.2053D
2798:2021Natur.593..375G
2745:2020NatAs...4..861C
2719:Bockelée-Morvan, D.
2688:2020NatAs...4..867B
2633:2020AJ....159...77Y
2507:2019RNAAS...3..187G
2399:2019RNAAS...3..159B
2348:2019RNAAS...3..184L
2223:National Geographic
1933:2020NatAs...4...53G
1774:(7 December 2019).
1689:Minor Planet Center
1623:2019ApJ...886L..29J
1528:Minor Planet Center
1433:(16 October 2019).
1383:(16 October 2019).
1224:Wide Field Camera 3
1140:Space Launch System
972:Minor Planet Center
884:
689:orbital inclination
634:
570:), but enriched in
417:(NEOCP) as gb00234.
411:Minor Planet Center
322:C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)
259:interstellar object
213:ascending node
97:5 January 2020
72:30 August 2019
69:Discovery date
57:Discovery site
23:
7973:Skorichenko–George
7568:Aarseth-Brewington
7520:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
7440:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
7420:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
7390:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
7350:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
7335:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
7325:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
7259:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
7244:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
7125:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
6828:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
6736:80P/Peters–Hartley
6451:162P/Siding Spring
6328:80P/Peters–Hartley
6193:53P/Van Biesbroeck
6118:38P/Stephan–Oterma
5826:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
5801:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
5791:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
5781:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
5761:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
5721:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
5075:Proxima Centauri c
4560:Gemini Observatory
3556:on 5 November 2019
3525:The New York Times
3518:(1 October 2019).
2905:"Comet 2I Borisov"
2101:The New York Times
1883:The New York Times
1849:The New York Times
1781:The New York Times
1194:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
1026:
882:
861:Lowell Observatory
838:amateur astronomer
755:
715:years to travel a
623:
605:
603:
492:
452:
337:amateur astronomer
311:≤ 0.4 km
64:, Nauchnyy, Crimea
45:Discovered by
21:
8193:Hyperbolic comets
8102:
8101:
8080:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8072:
8071:
7687:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
7525:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
7395:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
7202:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
7192:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
7165:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
7140:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
6949:
6948:
6876:
6875:
6838:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
6716:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
6593:7968 Elst–Pizarro
6511:273P/Pons–Gambart
6456:168P/Hergenrother
6446:161P/Hartley–IRAS
6406:109P/Swift–Tuttle
6248:64P/Swift–Gehrels
6203:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
6018:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
5886:
5885:
5873:Comets in fiction
5776:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
5771:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
5726:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
5652:Comet discoverers
5422:
5421:
5322:Space exploration
5293:168P/Hergenrother
2782:(7859): 375–378,
1723:. 14 October 2019
1021:
959:
958:
732:hyperbolic comets
677:celestial equator
669:
668:
501:1.4 to 16 km
473:
472:
423:Davide Farnocchia
403:near-Earth object
354:2I/Borisov has a
315:
314:
211:Longitude of
62:MARGO observatory
8210:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8143:
8142:
8141:
8131:
8130:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8110:
8092:
8091:
8050:
8028:
8020:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
7847:McNaught–Russell
7535:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
7450:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
7435:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
7375:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
7355:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
7345:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
7315:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
7280:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
7239:C/1975 V1 (West)
7220:
7178:
6964:
6963:
6681:
6680:
6436:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
6173:49P/Arend–Rigaux
5963:7P/Pons–Winnecke
5921:
5920:
5910:
5909:
5892:
5891:
5868:Antimatter comet
5756:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
5637:Naming of comets
5517:
5511:
5464:
5463:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5426:
5425:
5402:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5371:(departure from
5351:(landing on the
5333:(encounter with
5276:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5099:Teegarden's Star
5095:i (hypothesized)
4941:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4796:Kamchatka meteor
4781:
4775:
4769:
4729:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4663:
4662:
4648:
4632:
4612:
4552:; November 2019)
4527:Orbital elements
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4396:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4344:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4274:ScienceAlert.com
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4211:
4193:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4150:
4132:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4070:
4052:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4011:ScienceAlert.com
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3956:
3938:
3929:(4): 3559–3570.
3914:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3887:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3830:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3771:
3747:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3683:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3634:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3286:
3271:
3256:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2966:
2948:
2939:(2): 2053–2062.
2922:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2791:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2738:
2723:Nature Astronomy
2714:
2708:
2707:
2681:
2666:Nature Astronomy
2661:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2626:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2569:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2518:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2450:(4): 4031–4041.
2435:
2429:
2428:
2410:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2359:
2341:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2226:. Archived from
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2166:. Archived from
2155:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1926:
1910:Nature Astronomy
1904:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1873:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1680:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1616:
1592:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1531:. 1 October 2019
1519:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1480:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1369:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1263:Gennadiy Borisov
1259:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1221:
1216:
1153:
1144:Oberth maneuvres
1129:
1084:
1082:
1060:
1022:
885:
881:
877:solar elongation
874:
870:
841:Gennadiy Borisov
816:
804:
792:
768:
764:
762:
761:
756:
754:
753:
714:
686:
665:6.79 AU/yr
653:5.55 AU/yr
635:
632:
630:
629:
624:
622:
621:
604:
554:
502:
466:
465:
454:
453:
371:
347:(30 August
341:Gennadiy Borisov
290:
277:
275:
242:
240:
224:
222:
204:
202:
187:
182:
180:
166:
164:
160:
157:
143:
138:
134:
131:
50:Gennadiy Borisov
31:
24:
20:
8218:
8217:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8209:
8208:
8207:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8151:
8149:
8139:
8137:
8125:
8115:
8113:
8105:
8103:
8098:
8068:
8044:
8022:
7560:
7554:
7545:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
7268:
7214:
7172:
6958:
6956:
6945:
6883:
6872:
6816:
6795:
6670:
6567:
6560:
6363:
6357:
6238:62P/Tsuchinshan
6228:60P/Tsuchinshan
6223:59P/Kearns–Kwee
5988:12P/Pons–Brooks
5925:
5915:
5904:
5897:Lists of comets
5882:
5860:
5854:
5839:
5736:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
5704:
5683:
5625:
5518:
5512:
5503:
5458:
5453:
5423:
5418:
5388:
5386:
5378:
5335:486958 Arrokoth
5317:
5266:
5247:moons of Saturn
5162:
5161:
5158:
5147:
4954:Beta Pictoris c
4929:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4872:1620 Geographos
4853:
4852:
4849:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4829:
4828:
4825:
4806:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4761:
4722:
4715:
4712:
4706:
4693:
4690:
4646:
4642:(20 April 2020)
4630:
4610:
4550:Yale University
4480:
4475:
4474:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4432:
4428:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4345:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4168:
4164:
4109:
4105:
4088:
4084:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4003:
3999:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3915:
3911:
3864:
3860:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3748:
3741:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3660:
3656:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3530:
3528:
3516:Overbye, Dennis
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3455:
3451:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3424:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3288:
3287:
3273:
3272:
3258:
3257:
3243:
3242:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3135:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2923:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2876:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2772:
2768:
2715:
2711:
2662:
2658:
2603:
2599:
2544:
2540:
2487:
2483:
2436:
2432:
2377:
2373:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2156:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2136:(Press release)
2126:
2119:
2106:
2104:
2092:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2030:
2023:
2013:
2011:
1999:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1977:Yale University
1968:
1964:
1905:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1874:
1867:
1854:
1852:
1840:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1786:
1784:
1772:Overbye, Dennis
1769:
1762:
1752:
1750:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1672:
1655:
1648:
1593:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1482:
1481:
1464:
1450:
1448:
1420:
1413:
1400:
1398:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1220:12 October 2019
1219:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1177:Comet Morehouse
1164:
1151:
1127:
1124:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1078:
1077:to CN ratio of
1076:
1072:
1055:
1044:
1042:Comet chemistry
1014:
1012:
996:observation arc
899:
894:
889:
872:
868:
834:
829:
824:
823:
822:
821:
820:
817:
809:
808:
805:
797:
796:
793:
784:
783:
766:
749:
745:
743:
740:
739:
712:
684:
664:
652:
651:26.33 km/s
617:
613:
611:
608:
607:
595:
581:
572:carbon monoxide
569:
564:diatomic carbon
552:
542:
521:
500:
497:
463:
457:External videos
444:
442:Characteristics
383:
374:Yale University
366:
310:
288:
273:
271:
255:Next perihelion
247:Last perihelion
238:
236:
231:
220:
218:
215:
212:
200:
198:
185:
184:
178:
176:
162:
158:
155:
153:
149:Semi-major axis
136:
132:
129:
127:
113:
103:Observation arc
79:
73:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8216:
8206:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8178:Comets in 2019
8175:
8160:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8123:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8085:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8042:Wilson–Hubbard
8039:
8034:
8029:
8017:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7909:311P/PanSTARRS
7906:
7901:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7870:
7869:
7864:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7816:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7783:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7575:
7570:
7564:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6970:
6968:
6961:
6955:Near-Parabolic
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6888:
6886:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6801:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6771:205P/Giacobini
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6678:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6656:358P/PANSTARRS
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6636:311P/PanSTARRS
6633:
6628:
6623:
6617:
6614:60558 Echeclus
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6556:460P/PanSTARRS
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6521:311P/PanSTARRS
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6476:205P/Giacobini
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6183:51P/Harrington
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6088:32P/Comas Solà
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6048:24P/Schaumasse
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5906:
5905:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5878:Comet vintages
5875:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5579:Near-parabolic
5571:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Jupiter-family
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5460:
5459:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5437:
5429:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5396:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5364:
5356:
5338:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5279:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5249:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5231:PSR J0740+6620
5228:
5225:PSR J0030+0451
5222:
5216:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5188:
5186:EPIC 204376071
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5026:
5021:
5015:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4973:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4951:
4944:
4942:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4889:2100 Ra-Shalom
4886:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4847:
4835:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4745:
4739:
4732:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4643:
4627:
4607:
4604:Magnitude plot
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4572:
4563:
4553:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4495:Close approach
4479:
4478:External links
4476:
4473:
4472:
4447:
4426:
4367:
4336:
4311:
4286:
4260:
4231:
4162:
4103:
4082:
4023:
3997:
3981:
3977:
3968:
3909:
3858:
3810:
3801:
3739:
3713:
3654:
3595:
3567:
3541:
3507:
3476:
3449:
3413:"with 151 obs"
3404:
3379:
3354:
3329:
3303:
3221:
3188:
3157:
3123:
3095:
3069:
3039:
3012:
2978:
2914:
2896:
2861:
2835:
2826:
2766:
2729:(9): 861–866.
2709:
2672:(9): 867–871.
2656:
2597:
2538:
2481:
2430:
2371:
2312:
2294:
2269:
2241:
2208:
2181:
2147:
2117:
2083:
2052:
2021:
1990:
1962:
1896:
1865:
1831:
1797:
1760:
1734:
1702:
1670:
1646:
1576:
1542:
1509:
1462:
1411:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1322:
1309:
1299:
1294:.458 km/s
1281:
1267:
1254:
1244:
1236:asteroid Ceres
1210:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1123:
1120:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1074:
1070:
1043:
1040:
1011:
1008:
968:main asteroids
964:Greenwich Time
957:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
939:
935:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:
920:
917:
913:
912:
909:
906:
902:
901:
896:
891:
871:from the Sun,
857:Clyde Tombaugh
833:
830:
828:
825:
818:
811:
810:
806:
799:
798:
794:
787:
786:
785:
781:
780:
779:
778:
752:
748:
701:galactic plane
667:
666:
663:32.2 km/s
661:
655:
654:
649:
643:
642:
639:
620:
616:
594:
591:
579:
567:
541:
538:
520:
517:
496:
495:Size and shape
493:
471:
470:
459:
458:
443:
440:
439:
438:
434:
418:
382:
379:
313:
312:
303:
297:
296:
292:
291:
286:
279:
278:
269:
262:
261:
256:
252:
251:
248:
244:
243:
234:
226:
225:
216:
209:
206:
205:
196:
190:
189:
174:
168:
167:
151:
145:
144:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
82:
81:
70:
66:
65:
59:
53:
52:
47:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8215:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8170:
8168:
8158:
8148:
8146:
8136:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8122:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8095:
8087:
8086:
8083:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8048:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8026:
8021:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
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7951:Siding Spring
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6789:
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6641:324P/La Sagra
6639:
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5609:
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5589:Unknown-orbit
5587:
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5582:
5580:
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5568:
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5499:Meteor shower
5497:
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5320:
5314:
5313:289P/Blanpain
5311:
5309:
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5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5269:
5263:
5262:WD J0914+1914
5260:
5257:
5254:detection of
5253:
5250:
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5232:
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5057:Luyten's Star
5055:
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4789:
4788:Impact events
4785:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4748:Chandrayaan-2
4746:
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4740:
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4734:
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4705:
4700:
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4696:
4692:2019 in space
4687:
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4680:
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4519:Orbit diagram
4516:
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3495:
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3490:Project Pluto
3487:
3480:
3464:
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3414:
3408:
3393:
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3364:
3358:
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3339:
3333:
3318:. 23 May 2016
3317:
3313:
3307:
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3254:
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3171:Project Pluto
3168:
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3142:
3141:
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3112:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3027:
3024:. Ask Ethan.
3023:
3016:
3000:
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2900:
2885:
2884:Project Pluto
2881:
2874:
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2866:
2850:
2849:Project Pluto
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2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2169:
2165:
2164:Project Pluto
2161:
2154:
2152:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1564:
1560:
1559:Project Pluto
1556:
1549:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:Jewitt, David
1428:
1424:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1381:Jewitt, David
1378:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1348:
1339:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1313:
1303:
1296:
1285:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:Comet Humason
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1088:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1052:color indexes
1049:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
954:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
904:
903:
897:
892:
890:observations
887:
886:
880:
878:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
847:in Nauchnyy,
846:
842:
839:
815:
803:
791:
777:
774:
773:
746:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
710:
706:
705:galactic halo
702:
698:
694:
690:
682:
678:
674:
662:
660:
657:
656:
650:
648:
645:
644:
640:
637:
636:
614:
599:
590:
587:
585:
577:
573:
565:
560:
558:
550:
546:
537:
534:
530:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
488:
484:
482:
478:
469:
460:
455:
448:
437:interstellar.
435:
432:
428:
424:
419:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
398:
396:
392:
388:
378:
375:
370:
364:
360:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
308:
304:
302:
298:
293:
289:2.388 AU
287:
285:
280:
270:
268:
263:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
227:
217:
214:
207:
197:
195:
191:
175:
173:
169:
152:
150:
146:
142:
126:
124:
120:
116:
110:
107:389 days
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
87:
83:
77:
71:
67:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
19:
8157:Solar System
7781:C/2001 OG108
7597:
7573:Arend–Roland
7514:
6934:103P/Hartley
6924:(2005, 2011)
6910:19P/Borrelly
6858:75D/Kohoutek
6843:20D/Westphal
6766:177P/Barnard
6761:157P/Tritton
6756:122P/de Vico
6631:259P/Garradd
6466:177P/Barnard
6426:144P/Kushida
6411:122P/de Vico
6401:108P/Ciffréo
6391:103P/Hartley
6381:96P/Machholz
6313:77P/Longmore
6303:75D/Kohoutek
6158:46P/Wirtanen
6148:44P/Reinmuth
6078:30P/Reinmuth
6028:20D/Westphal
6023:19P/Borrelly
5785:
5621:Interstellar
5574:Non-periodic
5407:
5373:162173 Ryugu
5366:
5358:
5346:
5340:
5330:New Horizons
5328:
5240:
4971:Gliese 357 d
4862:66391 Moshup
4588:– 2I/Borisov
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4487:
4465:14 September
4463:. Retrieved
4450:
4429:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4352:
4327:. Retrieved
4323:
4314:
4302:. Retrieved
4298:
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4273:
4263:
4253:27 September
4251:. Retrieved
4247:
4234:
4181:
4175:
4165:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4085:
4040:
4036:
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3971:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3759:
3755:
3732:25 September
3730:. Retrieved
3726:the original
3716:
3681:1909.12144v2
3671:
3667:
3657:
3614:
3608:
3598:
3588:14 September
3586:. Retrieved
3579:
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3544:
3536:
3529:. Retrieved
3523:
3510:
3500:11 September
3498:. Retrieved
3489:
3484:Gray, Bill.
3479:
3469:10 September
3467:. Retrieved
3463:the original
3452:
3444:the original
3439:
3427:10 September
3425:. Retrieved
3421:the original
3416:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:
3382:
3370:. Retrieved
3366:
3363:"Neo Rating"
3357:
3345:. Retrieved
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3298:the original
3293:
3283:the original
3278:
3268:the original
3263:
3253:the original
3248:
3238:the original
3233:
3224:
3214:16 September
3212:. Retrieved
3202:
3191:
3181:11 September
3179:. Retrieved
3170:
3165:Gray, Bill.
3160:
3150:16 September
3148:. Retrieved
3146:(in Russian)
3138:
3126:
3116:12 September
3114:. Retrieved
3108:
3098:
3088:27 September
3086:. Retrieved
3081:
3078:"Fast Facts"
3072:
3062:12 September
3060:. Retrieved
3051:
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3015:
3005:25 September
3003:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2946:2005.00786v1
2936:
2930:
2908:
2899:
2889:25 September
2887:. Retrieved
2883:
2878:Gray, Bill.
2852:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:
2829:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2557:
2551:
2541:
2498:
2494:
2484:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2254:
2244:
2234:25 September
2232:. Retrieved
2228:the original
2221:
2211:
2201:11 September
2199:. Retrieved
2174:13 September
2172:. Retrieved
2168:the original
2163:
2158:Gray, Bill.
2140:24 September
2138:. Retrieved
2133:
2112:
2105:. Retrieved
2099:
2074:. Retrieved
2068:
2043:. Retrieved
2037:
2012:. Retrieved
2006:
1981:. Retrieved
1975:
1965:
1924:1909.05851v3
1914:
1908:
1887:. Retrieved
1881:
1860:
1853:. Retrieved
1847:
1824:16 September
1822:. Retrieved
1812:
1800:
1792:
1785:. Retrieved
1779:
1753:16 September
1751:. Retrieved
1748:Science News
1747:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1714:
1705:
1695:24 September
1693:. Retrieved
1687:
1604:
1600:
1569:20 September
1567:. Retrieved
1558:
1533:. Retrieved
1526:
1500:. Retrieved
1487:
1456:
1449:. Retrieved
1438:
1406:
1399:. Retrieved
1388:
1367:
1347:
1338:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1302:
1284:
1270:
1257:
1247:
1214:
1152:34 km/s
1136:Falcon Heavy
1128:32 km/s
1125:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1067:comet Halley
1050:comets. Its
1045:
1027:
981:
961:
898:Eccentricity
895:arc (hours)
835:
770:
767:32 km/s
726:, having an
721:
670:
658:
588:
561:
545:David Jewitt
543:
522:
498:
474:
431:David Tholen
391:1I/ʻOumuamua
384:
381:Nomenclature
356:heliocentric
353:
321:
317:
316:
258:
172:Eccentricity
114:observations
18:
8145:Spaceflight
8045: [
8023: [
7919:C/2015 ER61
7628:C/2013 US10
7215: [
7173: [
6868:85D/Boethin
6863:83D/Russell
6848:25D/Neujmin
6651:354P/LINEAR
6609:167P/CINEOS
6599:165P/LINEAR
6581:2060 Chiron
6576:596 Scheila
6546:354P/LINEAR
6541:333P/LINEAR
6501:252P/LINEAR
6496:249P/LINEAR
6481:209P/LINEAR
6376:92P/Sanguin
6353:85D/Boethin
6343:83D/Russell
6338:82P/Gehrels
6318:78P/Gehrels
6268:68P/Klemola
6258:66P/du Toit
6168:48P/Johnson
6138:42P/Neujmin
6128:40P/Väisälä
6108:36P/Whipple
6068:28P/Neujmin
6053:25D/Neujmin
5958:6P/d'Arrest
5861:speculation
5859:Culture and
5688:Exploration
5596:Great Comet
5552:Halley-type
5547:Long period
5375:; Dec 2019)
5360:Opportunity
5355:; Jan 2019)
5288:78P/Gehrels
5256:exoasteroid
5252:WD 0145+234
5215:water vapor
5181:GRB 190114C
5171:ASASSN-19bt
5152:Discoveries
5116:V1298 Tauri
5080:Struve 2398
4798:(announced)
4742:LightSail 2
4721:Space probe
3208:РИА Новости
3204:RIA Novosti
3144:Фонтанка.ру
3140:Fontanka.ru
2501:(12): 187.
2393:(10): 159.
2332:(12): 184.
2287:16 December
1855:28 December
1818:РИА Новости
1814:RIA Novosti
1716:EurekAlert!
1226:aboard the
1122:Exploration
1036:light curve
1010:Observation
893:Observation
873:3.7 AU
827:Observation
709:Telescopium
533:Monte Carlo
513:occultation
395:designation
326:rogue comet
230:Argument of
194:Inclination
8167:Categories
7993:Stonehouse
7946:Seki–Lines
7894:Pan-STARRS
7884:Oukaimeden
7759:C/2000 WM1
7682:Ikeya-Seki
7559:After 1910
7515:2I/Borisov
7273:After 1990
6967:Until 1990
6884:spacecraft
6882:Visited by
6833:5D/Brorsen
6726:69P/Taylor
6701:17P/Holmes
6696:15P/Finlay
6646:331P/Gibbs
6566:Comet-like
6371:88P/Howell
6362:After 1985
6348:84P/Giclas
6278:70P/Kojima
6273:69P/Taylor
6123:39P/Oterma
6113:37P/Forbes
6093:33P/Daniel
6013:17P/Holmes
6008:16P/Brooks
6003:15P/Finlay
5993:13P/Olbers
5978:10P/Tempel
5953:5D/Brorsen
5924:Until 1985
5786:2I/Borisov
5669:Oort cloud
5601:Sungrazing
5584:Hyperbolic
5562:Encke-type
5494:Comet dust
5308:171P/Spahr
5258:disruption
5241:2I/Borisov
5018:Kepler-47d
5007:Gliese 784
5001:Gliese 754
4995:Gliese 555
4989:Gliese 687
4976:Gliese 588
4965:Gliese 251
4959:DS Tucanae
4935:Exoplanets
4484:2I/Borisov
4441:1909.06348
4394:2006.01242
4387:(2): L39.
4191:1909.01964
4184:(2): L28.
4130:2001.04865
4123:(2): L48.
4097:1912.12730
4050:1910.12785
4043:(1): L10.
4016:30 October
3991:2001.11605
3936:2004.10266
3885:1912.06161
3878:(2): L30.
3828:1910.09078
3769:1910.03222
3762:(2): L38.
3617:(9): 131.
2854:26 October
2789:2105.09305
2736:2004.09586
2679:2004.08972
2624:1911.05902
2567:2009.08423
2457:1912.07386
2339:1912.05628
2307:JPL / NASA
2262:21 January
1983:7 December
1889:7 December
1787:7 December
1727:14 October
1664:2003.14064
1614:1910.02547
1607:(2): L29.
1502:26 January
1451:17 October
1440:Hubblesite
1401:17 October
1390:Hubblesite
1359:References
1333:asteroids.
1048:Oort Cloud
865:astrograph
724:hyperbolic
717:light-year
693:Cassiopeia
681:perihelion
675:, and the
593:Trajectory
505:perihelion
477:asteroidal
377:reported.
349:local time
318:2I/Borisov
301:Dimensions
123:Perihelion
22:2I/Borisov
8203:Milky Way
8121:Astronomy
8059:Zhu–Balam
8013:C/2020 F8
8008:C/2012 E2
8003:C/2006 M4
7961:C/2013 A1
7956:C/2007 Q3
7936:Pojmański
7924:C/2017 K2
7914:C/2014 Q1
7904:C/2012 K1
7899:C/2011 L4
7889:ʻOumuamua
7879:Nishimura
7867:C/2002 V1
7862:C/2001 Q4
7840:C/2009 R1
7835:C/2006 P1
7813:C/2014 Q2
7808:C/2013 R1
7803:C/2011 W3
7798:C/2007 E2
7786:C/2007 F1
7769:C/2002 T7
7764:C/2001 A2
7754:C/1999 S4
7732:C/2019 U6
7727:C/2018 C2
7722:C/2012 F6
7675:C/1964 N1
7670:C/1963 A1
7660:Hyakutake
7650:Hale-Bopp
7623:C/1999 F1
7608:Bradfield
7583:Beljawsky
7561:(by name)
7004:C/1652 Y1
6959:(notable)
6928:C/2006 P1
6922:9P/Tempel
6898:1P/Halley
6821:Not found
6800:Destroyed
6684:Recovered
6626:238P/Read
6604:166P/NEAT
6568:asteroids
6531:323P/SOHO
6526:322P/SOHO
6506:255P/Levy
6491:246P/NEAT
6486:238P/Read
6461:169P/NEAT
6416:126P/IRAS
6364:(notable)
6283:71P/Clark
6178:50P/Arend
6038:22P/Kopff
5973:9P/Tempel
5968:8P/Tuttle
5933:1P/Halley
5836:C/2014 UN
5806:C/2017 U7
5567:Main-belt
5368:Hayabusa2
5342:Chang'e 4
5298:163P/NEAT
5196:GW190521g
5176:AT2019qiz
5045:LP 816-60
5029:L 1159-16
5020:confirmed
5013:HR 5183 b
4948:AD Leonis
4811:Selected
4736:Beresheet
4558:from the
4511:Ephemeris
4503:Discovery
4421:219179411
4226:202538864
4218:2041-8205
4157:210473691
4077:204907108
3963:216056627
3904:210472954
3853:204801044
3796:203902806
3708:202888942
3674:(1): L9.
3649:204193392
3641:2515-5172
3560:8 October
3531:2 October
3440:JPL CNEOS
3417:JPL CNEOS
3397:15 August
3372:15 August
3347:15 August
3322:15 August
3294:JPL CNEOS
3279:JPL CNEOS
3264:JPL CNEOS
3249:JPL CNEOS
3234:JPL CNEOS
3084:. Voyager
3032:1 October
2973:218486809
2822:234777842
2761:216036159
2704:215827703
2651:208006384
2617:(2): 77.
2592:221761422
2533:216391537
2525:2515-5172
2476:218595761
2425:209959146
2417:2515-5172
2366:209324025
2256:Space.com
1957:204509394
1949:2397-3366
1917:: 53–57.
1641:203837079
1535:5 October
1331:main-belt
1238:from the
1187:C/2016 R2
1168:ʻOumuamua
1087:C/2016 R2
1056:388
976:dangerous
869:3 AU
832:Discovery
772:Voyager 1
751:∞
641:Velocity
619:∞
557:precovery
427:Bill Gray
413:'s (MPC)
330:ʻOumuamua
237:209.1244°
232:periapsis
219:308.1500°
112:Number of
76:precovery
74:Earliest
39:Discovery
8094:Category
7983:Southern
7830:McNaught
7825:Machholz
7712:Kohoutek
7618:Catalina
7593:Boattini
6916:81P/Wild
6853:34D/Gale
6807:3D/Biela
6333:81P/Wild
6253:65P/Gunn
6243:63P/Wild
6098:34D/Gale
5998:14P/Wolf
5943:3D/Biela
5938:2P/Encke
5914:Periodic
5679:Asteroid
5616:Exocomet
5537:Numbered
5532:Periodic
5489:Antitail
5467:Features
5245:20
5202:GW190814
5191:GW190412
5135:Wolf 359
5093:Tau Ceti
5051:LTT 1445
5024:K2-288Bb
4723:launches
4620:SShostak
4618:(MBusch/
4562:, Hawaii
3494:Archived
3175:Archived
3056:Archived
3026:Archived
2999:Archived
2814:34012084
2014:13 March
1563:Archived
1496:Archived
1445:Archived
1395:Archived
1277:≈ 1 km/s
1162:See also
955:2.9–4.5
944:2.8–4.5
933:2.8–4.7
922:2.0–4.2
911:0.9–1.6
549:Jane Luu
519:Rotation
363:ecliptic
309:of 0.04)
282:Jupiter
276: AU
199:44.0535°
165: AU
8107:Portals
8054:Yi–SWAN
7931:Pereyra
7874:NEOWISE
7793:Lovejoy
7739:Leonard
7707:Johnson
7702:Jacques
7697:Iwamoto
7655:Humason
7640:Eclipse
7598:Borisov
7588:Bennett
5948:4P/Faye
5647:Centaur
5630:Related
5611:Extinct
5474:Nucleus
5271:Comets
5236:S5-HVS1
5160:2019 AQ
5070:PDS 70c
4919:2019 UN
4907:2019 TA
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