1071:
25:
693:
Three consecutive zero bits only appear in normal data when a code ending with two 0 bits (2, E) is followed by a code beginning with a 0 bit (1, 4, 5, 6, 7), so will always appear separated by multiples of the 5-bit encoded symbol length (and never separated by a single symbol). Violations of this
160:
Depending on the standard or specification of interest, there may be several 5-bit output codes left unused. The presence of any of the unused codes in the data stream can be used as an indication that there is a fault somewhere in the link. Therefore, the unused codes can be used to detect errors
137:
of data onto groups of 5 bits for transmission. These 5-bit words are predetermined in a dictionary and they are chosen to ensure that there will be sufficient transitions in the line state to produce a
234:
4B5B codes are designed to produce at least two transitions per 5 bits of output code regardless of input data. The transitions provide necessary transitions for the receiver to perform
246:
encoding contains no transitions and that may cause clocking problems for the receiver. 4B5B solves this problem by assigning the 4-bit block a 5-bit code, in this case, 11110
196:
codes, with at most two consecutive zeros. 4B5B allows up to three consecutive zeros (a (0,3) RLL code), providing a greater variety of control codes.
253:
There are eight 5-bit codes that have 3 consecutive 0s: 00000, 00001, 00010, 01000, 10000, 00011, 10001, 11000. This leaves 24 codes available.
974:
be used. This encodes 4-bit data to 5-bit symbols for transmission and decodes 5-bit symbols to 4-bit data for consumption by the receiver.
989:
1021:
939:
AES10-2008 (r2019): AES Recommended
Practice for Digital Audio Engineering - Serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI)
1309:
188:
is generally taken to mean the FDDI version. Other 4-to-5-bit codes have been used for magnetic recording and are known as
1215:
108:
1113:
1098:
995:
CodSim 2.0: Open source simulator for
Digital Data Communications Model at the University of Malaga written in HTML
170:
89:
61:
1103:
1093:
702:
The following codes are sometimes referred to as command characters. They are commonly used in pairs, although
1220:
46:
154:
1149:
68:
1189:
1271:
1014:
75:
943:
142:. A collateral effect of the code is that 25% more bits are needed to send the same information.
1261:
57:
35:
1266:
937:
963:
223:
146:
999:
1277:
1007:
189:
42:
1283:
1256:
1159:
139:
957:
8:
1314:
1288:
1169:
1129:
917:
193:
122:
1154:
1070:
1045:
219:
1184:
1050:
82:
1179:
1108:
1251:
1194:
1174:
1164:
1088:
1060:
235:
204:
211:
1303:
1055:
178:
994:
173:(FDDI) in the mid-1980s. It was adopted for digital audio transmission by
1030:
149:. Some systems use scramblers in conjunction with 4B5B coding to assure
150:
1080:
130:
24:
1246:
1236:
1199:
1029:
703:
215:
1241:
1144:
1134:
243:
200:
174:
134:
694:
property are used for special synchronization codes.
222:) or the USB-A/B power lines (further encoded using
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
214:(USB-PD) communication, where it is sent over the
959:Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification
1301:
990:Simulator - 4B/5B Encoder line written in Matlab
145:An alternative to using 4B5B coding is to use a
706:uses 4-symbol sequences to begin its packets.
1015:
238:. For example, a run of 4 bits such as 0000
207:instead, as does 100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet.
1022:
1008:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:-encoded. FDDI over copper (CDDI) uses
1302:
1114:Differential Manchester/biphase (Bi-φ)
1094:Non-return-to-zero, level (NRZ/NRZ-L)
1003:
949:
697:
199:On optical fiber, the 4B5B output is
1099:Non-return-to-zero, inverted (NRZ-I)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
210:The 4B5B encoding is also used for
13:
14:
1326:
1216:Carrier-suppressed return-to-zero
1104:Non-return-to-zero, space (NRZ-S)
983:
256:
129:is a form of data communications
1069:
966:. 12 January 2017. p. 105.
816:
805:
772:
171:Fiber Distributed Data Interface
23:
1033:(digital baseband transmission)
164:
34:needs additional citations for
1221:Alternate-phase return-to-zero
930:
218:CC pin (further encoded using
1:
923:
839:USB-PD Start Of Packet (SOP)
155:electromagnetic compatibility
1310:Telecommunications standards
1190:Eight-to-fourteen modulation
962:. Revision 2.0 Version 1.3.
16:Telecommunications line code
7:
911:
229:
192:(GCR), but those are (0,2)
10:
1331:
1272:Pulse-amplitude modulation
1229:
1208:
1122:
1078:
1067:
1038:
944:Audio Engineering Society
828:100BASE-X transmit error
380:
377:
270:
267:
1267:Pulse modulation methods
1150:Alternate mark inversion
795:100BASE-X end delimiter
169:4B5B was popularized by
133:. 4B5B maps groups of 4
1262:Ethernet physical layer
956:"5.3 Symbol Encoding".
902:00111 11000 00111 00110
891:00111 00111 00111 11001
880:11000 11001 00110 10001
869:11000 11001 11001 00110
858:11000 00110 11000 00110
847:11000 11000 00110 00110
836:11000 11000 11000 10001
964:USB Implementers Forum
740:100BASE-X idle marker
729:Sync, Start delimiter
614:Quiet (loss of signal)
224:frequency-shift keying
1278:Pulse-code modulation
1195:Delay/Miller encoding
751:USB-PD end delimiter
190:group coded recording
161:in the data stream.
1284:Serial communication
1257:Digital transmission
1160:Coded mark inversion
140:self-clocking signal
43:improve this article
1289:Category:Line codes
1170:Hybrid ternary code
1130:Conditioned diphase
1123:Extended line codes
1089:Return to zero (RZ)
905:USB-PD Cable Reset
762:FDDI end delimiter
1209:Optical line codes
918:GCR 4B-5B encoding
894:USB-PD Hard Reset
883:USB-PD SOP″_Debug
872:USB-PD SOP′_Debug
712:Control character
698:Command characters
212:USB Power Delivery
194:run-length limited
123:telecommunications
1297:
1296:
1155:Modified AMI code
1046:Unipolar encoding
909:
908:
691:
690:
687:
686:
481:
480:
371:
370:
220:biphase mark code
119:
118:
111:
93:
1322:
1185:64b/66b encoding
1073:
1051:Bipolar encoding
1024:
1017:
1010:
1001:
1000:
977:
976:
953:
947:
946:
934:
709:
708:
485:
484:
375:
374:
265:
264:
261:
260:
177:in 1989. and by
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1225:
1204:
1180:8b/10b encoding
1118:
1074:
1065:
1034:
1028:
986:
981:
980:
968:4b5b line code
955:
954:
950:
936:
935:
931:
926:
914:
700:
674:End (terminate)
259:
249:
241:
232:
167:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Digital signal
1249:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1175:6b/8b encoding
1172:
1167:
1165:MLT-3 encoding
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1061:Mark and space
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
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1035:
1027:
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1019:
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1004:
998:
997:
992:
985:
984:External links
982:
979:
978:
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512:
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505:
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501:
500:Fast Ethernet
498:
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280:
277:
273:
272:
269:
258:
257:Encoding table
255:
247:
239:
236:clock recovery
231:
228:
205:MLT-3 encoding
166:
163:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1327:
1316:
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1127:
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1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:On-off keying
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:Main articles
1037:
1032:
1025:
1020:
1018:
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1002:
996:
993:
991:
988:
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975:
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919:
916:
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835:
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221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
179:Fast Ethernet
176:
172:
162:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1233:
1139:
970:
969:
967:
958:
951:
938:
932:
861:USB-PD SOP″
850:USB-PD SOP′
701:
692:
494:Description
252:
233:
209:
198:
185:
183:
168:
165:Applications
159:
153:and improve
144:
126:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1031:Line coding
814:11001 11001
803:11001 00111
792:01101 00111
781:11111 00100
770:01101 11001
759:01101 01101
726:11000 10001
715:5b symbols
1315:Line codes
1304:Categories
1109:Manchester
1081:line codes
924:References
491:4B5B code
381:4B5B code
271:4B5B code
151:DC balance
99:March 2009
69:newspapers
1234:See also:
817:Not used
806:Not used
773:Not used
389:(Binary)
279:(Binary)
184:The name
181:in 1995.
147:scrambler
131:line code
1247:Bit rate
1237:Baseband
912:See also
718:Purpose
594:Start #3
574:Start #2
554:Start #1
230:Clocking
503:USB-PD
488:Symbol
83:scholar
1200:TC-PAM
1079:Basic
704:USB-PD
477:11101
466:11100
455:11011
444:11010
433:10111
422:10110
411:10011
400:10010
386:(Hex)
367:01111
356:01110
345:01011
334:01010
323:10101
312:10100
301:01001
290:11110
276:(Hex)
242:using
85:
78:
71:
64:
58:"4B5B"
56:
1280:(PCM)
1274:(PAM)
971:Shall
825:00100
748:01101
737:11111
671:01101
651:11001
634:Reset
631:00111
611:00000
591:00110
571:10001
551:11000
531:11111
511:00100
497:FDDI
378:Data
268:Data
216:USB-C
90:JSTOR
76:books
1242:Baud
1145:2B1Q
1140:4B5B
1135:4B3T
899:RJRL
888:RRRS
877:JSLK
866:JSSL
855:JLJL
844:JJLL
833:JJJK
784:SAL
683:Yes
663:Yes
643:Yes
603:Yes
583:Yes
563:Yes
534:Idle
514:Halt
474:1111
463:1110
452:1101
441:1100
430:1011
419:1010
408:1001
397:1000
364:0111
353:0110
342:0101
331:0100
320:0011
309:0010
298:0001
287:0000
244:NRZI
201:NRZI
186:4B5B
175:MADI
135:bits
127:4B5B
62:news
680:Yes
677:Yes
657:Yes
654:Set
640:Yes
637:Yes
623:No
620:Yes
617:Yes
580:Yes
577:Yes
560:Yes
557:Yes
543:No
540:Yes
537:Yes
523:No
520:Yes
517:Yes
226:).
121:In
45:by
1306::
942:,
811:SS
800:SR
789:TR
778:IH
767:TS
756:TT
723:JK
660:No
600:No
597:No
250:.
157:.
125:,
1023:e
1016:t
1009:v
822:H
745:T
734:I
668:T
648:S
628:R
608:Q
588:L
568:K
548:J
528:I
508:H
471:F
460:E
449:D
438:C
427:B
416:A
405:9
394:8
361:7
350:6
339:5
328:4
317:3
306:2
295:1
284:0
248:2
240:2
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
