66:
196:
2795:
1902:
374:
2806:
2783:
1891:
361:. It is 4.7 μs with 15 kHz, and 4.7 / 16 = 0.29 μs for 240 kHz subcarrier spacing. Additionally, higher subcarrier spacings allow for reduced latency and increased support for high-frequency bands, essential for the ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) applications in 5G.
182:, to allow the deployment of 5G without the LTE network. It is expected to have lower cost, better efficiency, and to assist development of new use cases. However, initial deployment might see slower speed than existing network due to the allocation of spectrum. It uses a new core network dedicated to 5G.
165:
The non-standalone (NSA) mode of 5G NR refers to an option of 5G NR deployment that depends on the control plane of an existing 4G LTE network for control functions, while 5G NR is exclusively focused on the user plane. This is reported to speed up 5G adoption, however some operators and vendors have
156:
To make better use of existing assets, carriers may opt to dynamically share it between 4G LTE and 5G NR. The spectrum is multiplexed over time between both generations of mobile networks, while still using the 4G LTE network for control functions, depending on user demand. Dynamic spectrum sharing
138:
Release 18 work has started in 3GPP. Rel.18 is referred to as "NR Advanced" signifying another milestone in wireless communication systems. NR Advanced will include features such as eXtended
Reality (XR), AI/ML studies, and Mobility enhancements. Mobility is in the core of 3GPP technology and has so
131:, which includes what is described as "Phase 1" Pavilash standardization for 5G NR. The timeline for Release 16, which will be "5G phase 2", follows a freeze date of March 2020 and a completion date of June 2020, Release 17 was originally scheduled for delivery in September 2021. but, because of the
56:
The study of NR within 3GPP started in 2015, and the first specification was made available by the end of 2017. While the 3GPP standardization process was ongoing, the industry had already begun efforts to implement infrastructure compliant with the draft standard, with the first large-scale
404:
In 5G NR Release 17, the 3GPP introduced NR-Light for reduced capabilities (RedCap) devices. NR-Light, also known as RedCap, is designed to support a wide range of new and emerging use cases that require lower complexity and reduced power consumption compared to traditional 5G NR devices.
408:
NR-Light targets devices in the mid-tier performance category, striking a balance between the high-performance capabilities of standard 5G NR devices and the ultra-low complexity of LTE-M and NB-IoT devices. This makes it ideal for applications such as:
147:
Initial 5G NR launches will depend on existing 4G LTE infrastructure in non-standalone (NSA) mode, before maturation of the standalone (SA) mode with the 5G core network. Additionally, the spectrum can be dynamically shared between 4G LTE and 5G NR.
440:
NR-Light enhances the 5G ecosystem by providing a scalable solution that caters to the needs of devices with varying performance requirements, expanding the potential applications and fostering the growth of IoT and other connected technologies.
166:
criticized prioritizing the introduction of 5G NR NSA on the grounds that it could hinder the implementation of the standalone mode of the network. It uses the same core network as a 4G network, but with upgraded radio equipment.
838:
436:
Extended
Battery Life: With optimizations aimed at reducing power consumption, NR-Light devices can achieve significantly longer battery life, which is crucial for wearables and sensors.
57:
commercial launch of 5G NR having occurred in the end of 2018. Since 2019, many operators have deployed 5G NR networks and handset manufacturers have developed 5G NR enabled handsets.
2767:
845:
1019:
955:
430:
Simplified
Antenna Configurations: Utilizing fewer antennas compared to standard 5G NR devices, which helps in lowering the cost and power consumption.
413:
Wearables: Including smartwatches, fitness trackers, and health monitoring devices that benefit from lower power consumption and extended battery life.
1497:
157:(DSS) may be deployed on existing 4G LTE equipment as long as it is compatible with 5G NR. Only the 5G NR terminal needs to be compatible with DSS.
419:
Smart Home
Devices: Home automation products, including security cameras and smart appliances, that need efficient and cost-effective connectivity.
175:
1518:
824:
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2568:
1865:
1745:
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3040:
3010:
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1317:
1044:
76:) with 2x2 MIMO, 2x20W RF power and CPRI fibre interface, can be connected to a 5G gNodeB or gNB which can have the form of an x86 server
69:
799:
544:
39:
2843:
2438:
1695:
1669:
661:
416:
Industrial
Sensors: Devices in smart factories and industrial automation that require reliable connectivity with reduced complexity.
3100:
948:
433:
Lower Data Rates: Optimized for applications that do not require high data throughput, ensuring efficient use of network resources.
38:(fifth generation) mobile network. It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. It is based on
1937:
3457:
3248:
1825:
733:
427:
Reduced
Bandwidth: NR-Light supports narrower bandwidths, reducing the overall complexity and power requirements of the device.
3369:
1274:
579:
174:
The standalone (SA) mode of 5G NR refers to using 5G cells for both signalling and information transfer. It includes the new
3347:
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502:
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139:
far been handled on Layer 3 (RRC), now, in Rel-18 the work on mobility is to introduce lower layer triggered mobility.
2388:
1429:
1078:
999:
869:
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1991:
1441:
1024:
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689:
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1434:
1004:
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883:
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774:
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1930:
1230:
321:
This is only possible for search and measurement purposes, using the
Synchronization Signal Block (SSB)
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3256:
3045:
2941:
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2585:
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3452:
3205:
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2351:
1225:
53:
The 3GPP specification 38 series provides the technical details behind 5G NR, the successor of LTE.
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103:
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1986:
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1161:
81:
385:
3179:
3157:
2684:
2149:
2050:
1976:
1813:
1798:
1788:
1014:
1009:
900:
643:
503:"Making 5G New Radio (NR) a Reality – The Global 5G Standard - IEEE Communications Society"
8:
3237:
3215:
2573:
2493:
2341:
2003:
1803:
1793:
179:
520:
209:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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825:"Standalone or Non-Standalone? 5G Trials Will Help Orange Decide - Light Reading"
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1199:
111:
was the first carrier to launch a commercial 5G NR network, in May 2018 in
93:
Frequency Range 2 (FR2), for bands within 24,250 MHz – 71,000 MHz
571:
Human
Centred Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of KES-HCIS 2020 Conference
3317:
3292:
2649:
2614:
2563:
2538:
2100:
2040:
1664:
1613:
1523:
1511:
690:"5G NR Deployment Scenarios or modes-NSA, SA, Homogeneous, Heterogeneous"
373:
2737:
2553:
2528:
2425:
2336:
2293:
2232:
568:
Zimmermann, Alfred; Howlett, Robert J.; Jain, Lakhmi C. (29 May 2020).
90:
Frequency Range 1 (FR1), for bands within 410 MHz – 7,125 MHz
1290:
3406:
2961:
2916:
2273:
2035:
294:(CP) and extended CP may be used with 60 kHz subcarrier spacing
128:
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3055:
2906:
2886:
2644:
2416:
2023:
2013:
2008:
1643:
1547:
1446:
1369:
1336:
450:
2821:
800:"5G Standalone vs. 5G Non-standalone: What's in it for operators?"
619:
595:
3397:
2911:
2543:
2321:
1998:
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1180:
1114:
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2376:
1586:
1457:
1357:
1099:
1039:
884:"5G: What is Standalone (SA) vs Non-Standalone (NSA) Networks?"
3341:
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3307:
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3065:
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1674:
1622:
1609:
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1506:
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1104:
115:. Other carriers around the world have been following suit.
112:
3231:
2896:
2018:
1840:
1538:
1352:
1220:
1147:
124:
31:
30:(RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (
86:
5G NR uses frequency bands in two broad frequency ranges:
2729:
2154:
1260:
1235:
1156:
1143:
1119:
761:"3GPP Approves Plans to Fast Track 5G NR - Light Reading"
2127:
2122:
2112:
2095:
2090:
2079:
1638:
1561:
1331:
1133:
1054:
43:
35:
662:"Spectrum sharing for fast & smooth 5G deployment"
567:
453:– the International Telecommunication Union standards
185:
870:"Defining NG Core for 5G Networks - Light Reading"
3419:
3342:Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service
963:
3094:
2837:
1931:
949:
706:
3376:Multichannel multipoint distribution service
3109:Wireless video and data distribution methods
151:
3101:
3087:
2844:
2830:
1938:
1924:
956:
942:
226:5G NR supports seven subcarrier spacings:
178:architecture instead of relying on the 4G
40:orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
46:(fourth generation) long-term evolution (
684:
682:
64:
16:Radio access technology for 5G networks
3448:Computer-related introductions in 2018
3420:
3249:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
1826:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
160:
97:
3370:Local multipoint distribution service
3082:
2825:
1919:
937:
913:"Standalone 5G vs. Non-Standalone 5G"
839:"5G Non Standalone Solution Overview"
775:"Standalone 5G vs. Non-Standalone 5G"
731:
727:
725:
679:
521:"3GPP specification series: 38series"
237:
231:
3348:Multipoint Video Distribution System
1784:Spectral efficiency comparison table
709:"What's Behind 'Non-Standalone' 5G?"
545:"The Mixed Picture for 5G in Europe"
479:
477:
368:
364:
189:
135:, it was rescheduled for June 2022.
2851:
142:
13:
2768:USA use restrictions while driving
2743:Legality of recording by civilians
722:
423:Key features of NR-Light include:
169:
60:
14:
3469:
1945:
474:
357:is inversely proportional to the
3293:Mobile broadband wireless access
2805:
2804:
2793:
2781:
1900:
1889:
975:List of mobile phone generations
901:真の5G「SA方式」の不都合な真実、当初遅くなるのはドコモだけ？
372:
194:
186:Numerology (sub-carrier spacing)
905:
894:
876:
862:
831:
817:
792:
767:
753:
700:
732:Teral, Stephane (2019-01-30).
707:Junko Yoshida (3 March 2017).
654:
636:
612:
588:
561:
537:
513:
495:
118:
1:
3458:Wireless networking standards
3331:Educational Broadband Service
734:"5G best choice architecture"
485:"What is 5G New Radio (5G ,)"
467:
2788:Telecommunication portal
1896:Telecommunication portal
644:"Release 17 timeline agreed"
7:
444:
10:
3474:
3325:Advanced Wireless Services
3257:Digital Video Broadcasting
2710:Phantom vibration syndrome
2705:Mental health from overuse
1393:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
101:
79:
3428:Mobile telecommunications
3385:
3362:
3224:
3206:Satellite Internet access
3193:
3145:
3114:
2998:
2980:
2952:
2859:
2776:
2728:
2675:
2605:
2514:
2457:
2424:
2411:
2389:Open-source mobile phones
2350:
2302:
2252:
2241:
2140:
2059:
1967:
1953:
1886:
1708:
1688:
1652:
1637:
1602:
1575:
1560:
1537:
1496:
1467:
1417:
1406:
1385:
1345:
1330:
1305:
1283:
1275:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
1259:
1248:
1208:
1200:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
1189:
1170:
1142:
1132:
1087:
1063:
1053:
981:
972:
203:This section needs to be
152:Dynamic spectrum sharing
2753:Photography and the law
2748:Mobile phones in prison
1731:Comparison of standards
1370:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
28:radio access technology
3438:5G (telecommunication)
3168:Terrestrial television
1736:Channel access methods
1375:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
462:Network virtualization
104:List of 5G NR networks
77:
3185:Visual sensor network
2800:Telephones portal
2763:Texting while driving
2700:External power supply
2399:Windows Phone devices
1907:Telephones portal
1015:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
82:5G NR frequency bands
68:
3180:Satellite television
2715:Radiation and health
2031:Standards comparison
1524:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
1297:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
694:rfwireless-world.com
232:Sub-Carrier Spacing
3238:Long Term Evolution
3216:Wireless local loop
3158:Internet television
2999:Long range wireless
1410:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
1252:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
1020:Mobile TeleSeratout
890:. 12 November 2018.
180:Evolved Packet Core
161:Non-standalone mode
98:Network deployments
3443:Internet of things
3211:Wireless broadband
3153:Amateur television
3132:Radio broadcasting
1898:
1484:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
1478:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
1476:1xEV-DO Revision A
384:. You can help by
359:subcarrier spacing
353:The length of the
78:
42:(OFDM), as is the
3415:
3414:
3163:Mobile television
3076:
3075:
2819:
2818:
2758:Telephone tapping
2601:
2600:
2549:Instant messaging
2407:
2406:
2136:
2135:
1913:
1912:
1716:Cellular networks
1704:
1703:
1633:
1632:
1556:
1555:
1402:
1401:
1358:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA
1326:
1325:
1293:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
1244:
1243:
1128:
1127:
917:RCR Wireless News
804:RCR Wireless News
779:RCR Wireless News
581:978-981-15-5784-2
402:
401:
365:NR-Light / RedCap
351:
350:
242:
235:
224:
223:
133:COVID-19 pandemic
3465:
3453:Mobile broadband
3201:Mobile broadband
3103:
3096:
3089:
3080:
3079:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2808:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2695:Electronic waste
2685:BlackBerry thumb
2635:Japanese culture
2422:
2421:
2382:iOS jailbreaking
2250:
2249:
2172:Operating system
1987:Network operator
1972:Channel capacity
1965:
1964:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1821:Mobile broadband
1721:Mobile telephony
1709:Related articles
1650:
1649:
1593:LTE Advanced Pro
1573:
1572:
1488:EV-DO Revision C
1482:EV-DO Revision B
1415:
1414:
1343:
1342:
1257:
1256:
1140:
1139:
1061:
1060:
986:radio telephones
965:Cellular network
958:
951:
944:
935:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
909:
903:
898:
892:
891:
880:
874:
873:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
850:
844:. Archived from
843:
835:
829:
828:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
796:
790:
789:
787:
786:
771:
765:
764:
757:
751:
750:
748:
747:
738:
729:
720:
719:
717:
716:
704:
698:
697:
686:
677:
676:
674:
673:
658:
652:
651:
640:
634:
633:
631:
630:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
592:
586:
585:
565:
559:
558:
556:
555:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
517:
511:
510:
499:
493:
492:
481:
397:
394:
376:
369:
246:Frequency Bands
243:
240:
233:
229:
228:
219:
216:
210:
198:
197:
190:
143:Deployment modes
3473:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3381:
3358:
3220:
3189:
3141:
3137:Satellite radio
3110:
3107:
3077:
3072:
2994:
2976:
2948:
2855:
2853:Internet access
2850:
2820:
2815:
2794:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2724:
2677:
2671:
2597:
2510:
2453:
2449:Cloud computing
2415:
2413:
2403:
2394:Symbian devices
2360:Android devices
2346:
2298:
2289:Satellite phone
2284:Projector phone
2244:
2237:
2142:
2132:
2055:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1789:Frequency bands
1700:
1684:
1642:
1629:
1598:
1565:
1552:
1533:
1492:
1463:
1409:
1408:3G transitional
1398:
1381:
1335:
1322:
1301:
1279:
1251:
1250:2G transitional
1240:
1204:
1185:
1181:cdmaOne (IS-95)
1166:
1124:
1083:
1049:
977:
968:
962:
932:
931:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
899:
895:
882:
881:
877:
868:
867:
863:
854:
852:
848:
841:
837:
836:
832:
823:
822:
818:
809:
807:
798:
797:
793:
784:
782:
773:
772:
768:
759:
758:
754:
745:
743:
736:
730:
723:
714:
712:
705:
701:
688:
687:
680:
671:
669:
668:. 18 March 2019
660:
659:
655:
642:
641:
637:
628:
626:
618:
617:
613:
604:
602:
594:
593:
589:
582:
566:
562:
553:
551:
543:
542:
538:
529:
527:
519:
518:
514:
501:
500:
496:
483:
482:
475:
470:
457:Network service
447:
398:
392:
389:
382:needs expansion
367:
220:
214:
211:
208:
199:
195:
188:
172:
170:Standalone mode
163:
154:
145:
121:
106:
100:
84:
63:
61:Frequency bands
17:
12:
11:
5:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3433:3GPP standards
3430:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3246:
3241:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3127:Internet radio
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2802:
2790:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2690:Driving safety
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
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2578:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
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2526:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2486:
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2484:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
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2384:
2374:
2369:
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2367:
2356:
2354:
2348:
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2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2201:Text messaging
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1786:
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1780:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1762:
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1760:
1750:
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1733:
1728:
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1471:
1469:
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1451:
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1372:
1367:
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1365:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1328:
1327:
1324:
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1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
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1300:
1299:
1294:
1287:
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1281:
1280:
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1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1246:
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1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1206:
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1203:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:Autotel (PALM)
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
979:
978:
973:
970:
969:
961:
960:
953:
946:
938:
930:
929:
904:
893:
875:
861:
830:
816:
791:
766:
752:
721:
699:
678:
653:
635:
611:
587:
580:
560:
536:
512:
494:
472:
471:
469:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
446:
443:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
421:
420:
417:
414:
400:
399:
379:
377:
366:
363:
349:
348:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
333:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:
316:
313:
309:
308:
306:
303:
300:
296:
295:
288:
285:
282:
278:
277:
275:
272:
269:
265:
264:
261:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
244:
239:Slot duration
236:
222:
221:
202:
200:
193:
187:
184:
176:5G Packet Core
171:
168:
162:
159:
153:
150:
144:
141:
120:
117:
102:Main article:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
80:Main article:
62:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3470:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:IEEE 802.15.3
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Digital radio
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:BlackBerry 10
2370:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Feature phone
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2258:Manufacturers
2255:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:airplane mode
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:phone cloning
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2139:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1947:Mobile phones
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1908:
1897:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:Wi-Fi Calling
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:NGMN Alliance
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:AMPS - N-AMPS
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
987:
984:
980:
976:
971:
966:
959:
954:
952:
947:
945:
940:
939:
936:
918:
914:
908:
902:
897:
889:
885:
879:
871:
865:
851:on 2020-09-15
847:
840:
834:
826:
820:
805:
801:
795:
780:
776:
770:
762:
756:
742:
735:
728:
726:
711:. Eetimes.com
710:
703:
695:
691:
685:
683:
667:
663:
657:
649:
645:
639:
625:
621:
615:
601:
597:
591:
583:
577:
573:
572:
564:
550:
546:
540:
526:
522:
516:
508:
504:
498:
490:
486:
480:
478:
473:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
449:
448:
442:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
424:
418:
415:
412:
411:
410:
406:
396:
387:
383:
380:This section
378:
375:
371:
370:
362:
360:
356:
355:cyclic prefix
347:
344:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
324:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
293:
292:Cyclic Prefix
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
230:
227:
218:
206:
201:
192:
191:
183:
181:
177:
167:
158:
149:
140:
136:
134:
130:
126:
116:
114:
110:
105:
92:
89:
88:
87:
83:
75:
71:
67:
58:
54:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3393:Broadcasting
3363:Technologies
3354:Wireless USB
3288:Mobile WiMAX
3244:5G New Radio
3243:
3005:
2982:Wireless LAN
2972:Wireless USB
2954:Wireless PAN
2615:Box breaking
2586:address book
2439:Distribution
2304:Form factors
2269:Camera phone
2256:
2233:Web browsing
2084:
2068:
1836:Push-to-talk
1659:
1614:IEEE 802.16m
1583:LTE Advanced
1567:IMT Advanced
1512:IEEE 802.16e
1507:Mobile WiMAX
1468:3GPP2 family
1395:(TIA/IS-856)
1386:3GPP2 family
1284:3GPP2 family
1263:/3GPP family
1079:TACS - ETACS
921:. Retrieved
919:. 2021-09-07
916:
907:
896:
887:
878:
864:
853:. Retrieved
846:the original
833:
819:
808:. Retrieved
806:. 2023-04-04
803:
794:
783:. Retrieved
781:. 2021-09-07
778:
769:
755:
744:. Retrieved
740:
713:. Retrieved
702:
693:
670:. Retrieved
665:
656:
647:
638:
627:. Retrieved
623:
620:"Release 17"
614:
603:. Retrieved
599:
596:"Release 16"
590:
574:. Springer.
570:
563:
552:. Retrieved
548:
539:
528:. Retrieved
525:www.3gpp.org
524:
515:
506:
497:
488:
439:
422:
407:
403:
390:
386:adding to it
381:
352:
290:Both normal
287:FR1 and FR2
263:Same as LTE
225:
212:
204:
173:
164:
155:
146:
137:
122:
107:
85:
55:
52:
50:) standard.
23:
19:
18:
3262:Terrestrial
2676:Environment
2650:silent mode
2494:contactless
2477:advertising
2434:Development
2352:Smartphones
2061:Generations
1977:Frequencies
1665:5G-Advanced
1653:3GPP family
1603:IEEE family
1595:(4.5G/4.9G)
1576:3GPP family
1418:3GPP family
1346:3GPP family
1291:CDMA2000 1X
1162:CSD - HSCSD
119:Development
3422:Categories
3046:Muni Wi-Fi
2937:Power-line
2738:Carrier IQ
2678:and health
2593:Television
2444:Management
2337:Smartwatch
2294:Smartphone
1982:Multi-band
1519:Flash-OFDM
923:2024-04-04
855:2019-02-03
810:2024-04-04
785:2024-04-04
746:2019-02-01
715:2018-11-13
672:2020-04-22
629:2020-01-06
605:2020-01-06
554:2023-12-07
549:Membership
530:2018-10-31
507:comsoc.org
468:References
393:April 2024
129:Release 15
127:published
72:5G Radio (
34:) for the
3407:Microwave
3274:Satellite
3225:Standards
3051:Satellite
2962:Bluetooth
2942:Broadband
2917:IEEE 1901
2720:Recycling
2667:Wallpaper
2645:Ringtones
2506:Ticketing
2482:campaigns
2472:Marketing
2274:Car phone
2189:Telephony
2143:operation
2036:Tethering
1961:protocols
1619:WiMax 2.1
1474:CDMA2000
967:standards
215:June 2024
123:In 2018,
70:CableFree
24:New Radio
3282:IEEE 802
3276:(DVB-S2)
3268:Handheld
3056:UMTS-TDD
2907:HomePlug
2887:Ethernet
2811:Category
2554:Learning
2534:Gambling
2524:Blogging
2499:donating
2489:Payments
2459:Commerce
2417:software
2414:specific
2264:3D phone
2228:Tracking
2177:Security
2160:services
2150:Features
2101:adoption
2069:Analogue
2051:XHTML-MP
2024:SIM lock
2014:dual SIM
2009:SIM card
1957:networks
1644:IMT-2020
1548:HiperMAN
1447:DC-HSDPA
1337:IMT-2000
888:MediaTek
666:Ericsson
489:5g.co.uk
451:IMT-2020
445:See also
342:0.01565
329:0.03125
3386:Related
3344:(MVDDS)
3284:family
3270:(DVB-H)
3264:(DVB-T)
3234:family
3173:Digital
2912:HomePNA
2872:Dial-up
2662:Txt-spk
2607:Culture
2516:Content
2467:Banking
2365:rooting
2322:Phablet
2245:devices
2167:History
2141:General
2085:Digital
1999:Roaming
1878:Osmocom
1726:History
1696:DECT-5G
1670:NR-IIoT
1115:DataTAC
1110:Mobitex
315:0.0625
205:updated
109:Ooredoo
26:) is a
3378:(MMDS)
3372:(LMDS)
3350:(MVDS)
3337:HomeRF
3251:(MBMS)
3031:iBurst
2902:Nessum
2877:DOCSIS
2809:
2657:Selfie
2640:Novels
2630:Dating
2625:Comics
2620:Charms
2581:Social
2569:Search
2544:Health
2539:Gaming
2412:Mobile
2377:iPhone
2327:Slider
2243:Mobile
2004:Signal
1955:Mobile
1680:NB-IoT
1646:(2021)
1641:(2018)
1587:E-UTRA
1569:(2013)
1564:(2009)
1541:family
1500:family
1458:E-UTRA
1339:(2001)
1334:(1998)
1193:family
1174:family
1150:family
1136:(1991)
1067:family
1057:(1979)
1040:B-Netz
988:(1946)
578:
302:0.125
249:Notes
3333:(EBS)
3327:(AWS)
3313:WiMAX
3308:Wi-Fi
3240:(LTE)
3146:Video
3115:Radio
3066:WiBro
3061:WiMAX
3006:5G NR
2990:Wi-Fi
2967:Li-Fi
2867:Cable
2860:Wired
2574:local
2559:Music
2529:Email
2332:Slate
1856:ViLTE
1851:VoLTE
1809:5G NR
1758:STDMA
1746:OFDMA
1689:Other
1675:LTE-M
1660:5G NR
1623:WiBro
1610:WiMAX
1529:WiBro
1442:HSPA+
1435:HSUPA
1430:HSDPA
1313:WiDEN
1306:Other
1209:Other
1172:3GPP2
1105:Hicap
1100:C-450
1088:Other
1005:Altai
849:(PDF)
842:(PDF)
737:(PDF)
284:0.25
234:(kHz)
113:Qatar
20:5G NR
3402:band
3318:WRAN
3232:3GPP
3194:Data
3041:MMDS
3026:HSPA
3021:GPRS
3016:EVDO
3011:DECT
2927:MoCA
2922:ISDN
2897:G.hn
2892:FTTx
2564:News
2426:Apps
2342:Fold
2317:Flip
2223:Spam
2118:4.5G
2108:3.5G
2041:VoIP
2019:eSIM
1992:list
1866:ViNR
1861:VoNR
1841:MIMO
1814:CDMA
1799:UMTS
1777:SDMA
1770:CDMA
1765:SSMA
1753:TDMA
1741:FDMA
1539:ETSI
1498:IEEE
1425:HSPA
1363:FOMA
1353:UMTS
1318:DECT
1270:GPRS
1221:iDEN
1216:CDPD
1191:AMPS
1148:3GPP
1065:AMPS
1025:AMTS
1000:IMTS
648:3GPP
624:3GPP
600:3GPP
576:ISBN
345:FR2
339:960
332:FR2
326:480
318:FR2
312:240
305:FR2
299:120
274:FR1
271:0.5
260:FR1
241:(ms)
125:3GPP
32:3GPP
3302:UWB
3036:LTE
2932:PON
2882:DSL
2730:Law
2312:Bar
2216:RCS
2211:MMS
2206:SMS
2155:GSM
2046:WAP
1846:IMS
1804:LTE
1794:GSM
1454:LTE
1261:GSM
1236:CT2
1231:PHS
1226:PDC
1157:GSM
1144:GSM
1120:CT1
1095:NMT
1045:AMR
1035:ARP
1010:OLT
995:MTS
741:ZTE
388:.
281:60
268:30
254:15
74:RRH
48:LTE
3424::
2128:6G
2123:5G
2113:4G
2096:3G
2091:2G
2080:1G
2075:0G
1639:5G
1616:)
1562:4G
1332:3G
1134:2G
1055:1G
983:0G
915:.
886:.
802:.
777:.
739:.
724:^
692:.
681:^
664:.
646:.
622:.
598:.
547:.
523:.
505:.
487:.
476:^
257:1
44:4G
36:5G
3400:u
3398:K
3304:)
3300:(
3102:e
3095:t
3088:v
2845:e
2838:t
2831:v
2087::
2071::
1959:,
1939:e
1932:t
1925:v
1612:(
1589:)
1585:(
1460:)
1456:(
1146:/
957:e
950:t
943:v
926:.
872:.
858:.
827:.
813:.
788:.
763:.
749:.
718:.
696:.
675:.
650:.
632:.
608:.
584:.
557:.
533:.
509:.
491:.
395:)
391:(
217:)
213:(
207:.
22:(
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