AMR 33 - Knowledge

455:: prototype 79758, still with the original suspension, 79759 with added internal hydraulic dampers and 79760 with a fully new suspension consisting of a central bogie with a leaf spring and wheels at the front and the back connected to two horizontal helical springs. In November and December 1932 the "Commission de Vincennes" tested them, using as reference changed specifications determined on 10 June 1932. They were found to have a sufficient speed (56.25 – 60 km/h), but an insufficient range of 166 - 188 kilometres and to be too heavy with a weight of 4.8 tons. On 8 December it was decided to abandon the unrealistic three ton weight limit and install larger fuel tanks and heavier armour, 13 mm thick; the vehicles were again sent back. In April 1933 Renault submitted two types, fitted with 0.5 ton weights simulating an up-armouring from nine to thirteen millimetres maximum: 79758 rebuilt with a horizontal rubber spring suspension and 79757 fitted with a suspension derived from that of 79760, but now with a central vertical spring and the casings of the horizontal springs filled with oil to make them act as dampers. They were tested until June 1933 and, against the strong advice of Renault favouring the rubber springs, on 6 June a production was ordered for prototype 79757 as the 531: 847: 815:

to be seated. Almost all available space was then occupied; this was solved by letting the gun loader sit on the floor, with his outstretched legs below the gun breech. In this cramped position he was supposed to load the weapon, taking with his right hand rounds from a stock of 107 shells, that had been positioned on the left back of the hull, where in the standard AMR 33 the back exit hatch was located. The third crew member, the commander, sat on the right, squeezed between the hull roof and the engine; he had hardly any headroom.

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the Commission de Vincennes between 8 September 1936 and 5 May 1937. The commission concluded on 17 February 1938 that the suspension was fundamentally unsuited for cross-country driving and advised that all existing vehicles be fitted with a new system. When war broke out, it was decided to improve readiness by fully revising all AMR 33s. During that process they were to be refitted with the new suspension. About half a dozen vehicles had been so modified on 10 May.

489: 506: 2399: 518:. There was also a reserve machine gun that could be optionally placed on a pedestal on top of the turret for defence against aircraft. The vehicle carried 2250 7.5 mm rounds. The original proposal had foreseen the use of a special expensive Schneider turret; the prototypes had a very high octagonal Renault turret at the very back of the hull. This proved to be too awkward and was replaced on the series vehicles by a flatter design from the army 33: 2409: 472:, an improved model that was necessary because the too-fragile suspension of the AMR 33 was prone to break down (or even simply to break off) and engine noise was excessive. Prototype 79758 was used to test several other improved configurations. To compensate three more AMR 33's were built in the spring of 1935 for a total of 123, including all prototypes. The chassis that was used for the development of the 630:, with two AMR squadrons, these again enlarged to four platoons of five plus two reserve tanks and a command tank. Total division AMR strength would thus be 46. As there were three divisions however, their need for 138 vehicles could not be met by the existing numbers of AMR 33s. Therefore 1re DC was to use the AMR 35 and the only units deploying the AMR 33 remained 2e DC and 3e DC. At the outbreak of the 760:, which were rebuilt with a more powerful 22 CV engine in 1934. In January of that year it had been decided to order ten of these, but to use the chassis of the AMR 35 instead. The second prototype would be used in the autumn of 1936 to develop the Renault YS artillery observation vehicle, the production vehicles of which would however also be based on the AMR 35 chassis. 719:

were therefore fitted with an improved AMR 35 suspension type with rubber cylinders. Prototype 79758 had been used to test three different systems: the first with the trailer wheel touching the ground, the second with five road wheels and the last was the one selected. The second type would form the basis for the Renault ZB, a lengthened export version, destined for

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After continuing reports regarding the unreliability of the matériel – often ascribed to the fact that not professional drivers but half-trained conscripts were the most frequent users – it was decided to investigate whether structural changes had to be made. Accordingly, the type was again tested by

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In 1932 Renault delivered a prototype, a specially built chassis (N° 81805), that in general form resembled the standard AMR 33. A turret was absent however, and the hull roof had been raised. In the middle of the front of the superstructure there was room for a gun; to the left of it the driver was

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The (riveted) armour of all vertical plates was 13 mm, of all inclined plates 9 mm, of the top 6 mm and of the bottom 5 mm. There was a crew of two: the driver to the left next to the engine and the tank commander/gunner behind him in the turret which was armed with a 7.5 mm

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On 8 March 1933 the Cavalry had already made a preliminary order of 45 for whatever type would be chosen. This was confirmed on 22 June together with a second order of twenty vehicles, deliveries were to start no later than 1 July. In the autumn a third order was made of fifty. The first vehicle was

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unexpectedly encountered the main German armoured force and could only fight a delaying battle for which the AMR 33 was not very useful. It was poorly armed and armoured – and very unreliable because of its one good point: its speed which wore out the suspension units. It was faster than any German

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type that Renault had simply copied for his Renault UE – without paying any licence rights – and used the standard Renault Reinastella engine. As there simply wasn't time to fully develop all types before the autumn, in July the five vehicles, with military registration numbers 79756 to 79760, were

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Though its name might suggest otherwise, the AMR 33 was not a scout vehicle and mostly was not equipped with a radio set. The AMR 33s were intended to form a large mass of light tanks, preceding the medium types into battle. In reality they never served as such; by the time enough medium tanks were

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On 10 May, the day of the German invasion, this measure was shown to have been still insufficient. Only 5e DLC had its official strength of 26, the other three divisions having apparently not yet started to make an attempt to increase their strength: 2e DLC fielded 22 AMR 33s, 3e DLC twenty and 4e

522:, the AVIS-1, which was moved about a foot to the front to improve visibility. The AVIS was produced by Renault and had, unusually for a French tank turret of the thirties, a hatch in the top for observation. The normal access to the tank was by means of large double hatch at the back of the hull. 718:

Already in 1934 it became obvious that Renault had been right in advising to select a different suspension type. The standard one proved to be much too flimsy and especially the oil shock dampers were very maintenance intensive. Both the three vehicles built in 1935 and the two rebuilt prototypes

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had obtained an exemplar. The contraption consisted of two large hydraulic arms that were to be fitted on the front and back of a vehicle. The arm in front would secure itself on the opposite bank of a trench to be crossed, preventing the tank from falling in. The tank would then drive over the

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24 CV engine allowed for an official maximum speed of 54 km/h (34 mph) – the Renault export brochure claimed 60 km/h (37 mph) and an off-road speed of 45 km/h (28 mph). A Cleveland differential was used; there were four forward and one reverse gears. A fuel tank of

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manoeuvres. The Cavalry saw this as a pre-series to obtain a platoon to be used for its very first trials with a mechanised unit. Renault however decided to provide each with a different suspension type, to lower the risk that his design would be found wanting. All were generally based on the

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from 1932, the type was ordered by the French Cavalry in 1933; a total of 123 would be built until 1935. The AMR 33 was lightly armed and armoured; though it was very fast for its day, it proved to be a mechanically unreliable vehicle, especially its suspension elements being too weak. It was

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with the factory designation Renault YI, largely used the AMR 33 suspension, though the sprocket was not spoked but consisted of a single convex plate. The vehicle had an open cargo room behind, the engine in front and the cabin in between. The French Ministry of War ordered two Renault YI.

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capable of transporting four to five infantrymen and having a crew of two and a 19 CV engine. As there was an insufficient budget to equip even a limited part of the Infantry with fully tracked vehicles this plan was abandoned, but on 20 March 1933 Renault received an order from the STMAC

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Late in 1932 – this is known by a later confirming letter dated 18 December 1932 – Renault had a meeting with General Weygand, during which he proposed to develop an entire family of light armoured fighting vehicles based on the AMR 33-chassis. He was especially interested in producing a

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That commitment being secured, Renault hastily designed a larger model, a wooden mock-up of which was presented in March 1932. Based on it an order was made on 20 April of five prototypes for a price of 171,250 FF per vehicle, to be delivered in September before the start of the autumn

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tractor. On 12 November the first drawings were examined and rejected because the vehicle in its proposed form was much too cramped. A larger hull was clearly necessary but Renault was hesitant to invest in it without the prospect of a possible order. On 21 November he was asked by the

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only delivered on 1 June 1934 however, due to financial difficulties; the last of the 115 in September. The production of the Citroën half-track was limited to fifty. It was decided to rebuild the original prototypes into standard vehicles; however in fact two were used to develop the

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128 L (28 imp gal) allowed for a range of 200 km. The tracks were 22 centimetres wide. It had a wading capacity of sixty centimetres; could cross a trench 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) wide, or climb a 45 cm (18 in) vertical obstacle or a 50% slope.

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The AMR 33 was a very small vehicle, 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in) long, 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) wide and 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) tall. It weighed only 5.5 metric tonnes; the unloaded weight of the hull 4.5 tonnes. The eight-cylinder 84 hp 4241 cc

646:(motorised infantry regiment) would incorporate two AMR 33 platoons (half a squadron), which, together with six reserve tanks, would create a demand for five times 26 or 130 vehicles, slightly lower than the available total of 112. These later figures included the AMR 35s of the 674:

On 7 June 1940 the 7e DLM was created, an emergency unit, of which 4e RAM was part. That regiment had an allocation of fourteen AMRs; to this number probably nine AMR 33s belonged from the matériel reserve. All these vehicles would again be lost before the armistice of 25 June.

671:, AMR 33 N° 83950 of 3e DLC had the dubious distinction of being the first French tank to be destroyed in the battle, being hit by German anti-tank gunfire, killing the crew. During the first week of the fighting 75% of the AMR 33s was lost, often because of a breakdown. 792:, weighing no more than 1.5 metric tonnes, on which a 25 mm antitank-gun was to be mounted on a tripod in an open position. The gun would have to be removable, so that it also could be placed on the ground after having been transported by the vehicle. 353:. This force would have to consist of five motorised infantry divisions and the five existing cavalry divisions, one brigade of each of which would have to be motorised. The plan called for the introduction of many specialised vehicles, among which was an 357:(AMR), specified on 16 January 1932 as a vehicle of three tons, armed with a light 7.5 mm machine gun and having a range of 200 kilometres. It should have a crew of two, have an average terrain speed of 35 km/h and an armour base of 9 mm. 637:

However, to create a larger number of motorised units, from 1 December 1939 till 15 February 1940 the last three cavalry divisions were disbanded and their personnel and matériel, supplemented with new motorized units, was redistributed among five new

618:. The DLMs had three squadrons of AMRs each to accompany their motorized infantry (among many other types). At that time however the mechanical unreliability of the AMR 33 had become obvious and it was decided only to use the 586:

which received twelve from the second batch of fifty. The organic strength thus equalled the total AMR 33 fleet. The rôle of the AMR 33s in the cavalry divisions was largely that of direct support of the dismounted horsemen.

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version of his Renault UE to test the feasibility of a tracked AMR-concept. Being hereby informed of the general outlines of the specifications, he sent on 22 December a representative to supreme commander

369:. The Cavalry then used only wheeled vehicles because the tanks were too slow but the designation remained when tracked vehicles entered service. Although the name might suggest otherwise, an AMR was 323:

produced to form armoured divisions, the AMR 33 had already been replaced by the AMR 35 and was limited to the Cavalry Divisions and in 1940 to the Cavalry Light Divisions to provide fire support to

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trench, folding the forward arm, while the back arm would lodge itself on the bank of departure and unfold, pushing the vehicle safely across. In this way a trench two metres wide could be crossed.

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decided that in future all guns up to a calibre of 47 mm would have to be towed by the Renault UE after modifying the latter type (though this in fact never happened). As a result, the

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or "wireless") by fitting them with an ER29 radio set, the antenna of which was placed on the left back corner of the hull. It is unknown whether any other command tanks were so modified.

530: 788:. On that date Renault, who had been informed of the plans about a year earlier, had already begun to develop a prototype. The first plans foresaw a very small tracked vehicle, a 546:

The 115 vehicles available in 1934 were first assigned to the five cavalry divisions, a squadron of fifteen (three platoons of four, two reserve tanks and a command tank) for the

407: 2716: 1783: 723:. It was more lightly armoured at 9 mm and had a 65 hp engine. Twelve were ordered in 1938, six with a 13,2 mm machine gun and six with a 37 mm cannon. 1747:

Les Matériels de l'Armée Française 1: Les Automitrailleuses de Reconnaissance tome 1: L'AMR Renault modèle 1933 type VM – ses précurseurs, ses concurrentes et ses dérivées

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Les Matériels de l'Armée Française 1: Les Automitrailleuses de Reconnaissance tome 1: L'AMR Renault modèle 1933 type VM – ses précurseurs, ses concurrentes et ses dérivées

444:. The experience showed that they were very agile, but also noisy, poorly balanced and lacking sufficient range; unsurprisingly, the crew was always in for a bumpy ride. 846: 598:

or "Mechanised Light Division"). For its sole tanks this division then had six squadrons equipped with the AMR 33, the main battle vehicle being the half-tracked

749:) to develop a prototype of a different design discussed with Weygand: a command vehicle corresponding to the specifications of 9 January 1931 for a so-called 578:). In 1935 5e DC received the three rebuilt prototypes, bringing its strength to thirteen. AMR 33s were also allocated to two independent cavalry regiments: 868: 622:

in the Cavalry armoured divisions, concentrating the AMR 33s into the remaining DCs. In case of mobilization, each of these would now have a larger RAM (

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The system was tested on 3 April 1935 and 21 March, 30 April and 4 May 1936 and finally in March 1938. It proved to be quite effective but in 1938 the

830:), after testing, expressed a very negative opinion: "An ancient and outdated model incapable of rendering serious service". Moreover, on 24 June the 1758:

Vauvillier, François (2007), "Notre Cavalerie Mécanique à son Apogée le 10 Mai 1940" [Our Mechanised Cavalry at its Peak on May 10th, 1940],

879:, to demonstrate his hydraulic "Trench-Jumper" that he already had tested in England. He had proposed the system in 1933 to the French Army and the 634:, France participating from 2 September 1939, total organic AMR 33 strength was still 92 and the remaining 28 AMR 33s were kept in reserve. 373:

a specialised reconnaissance vehicle but a skirmisher without a radio. The gathering and reporting of information was the task of an AMD (

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took power, the French government on 4 July 1930 conceived the plan to form a projection force capable of assisting its allies in the

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In the years 1932 and 1933 Renault developed a series of three unarmoured military caterpillar tractors. The smallest of these, the

2668: 2459: 1820: 799:, making the Type P redundant in its original scope. The Artillery therefore decided to mount, under armour, a much more powerful 615: 591: 2402: 440:

the suspension units. In September the tanks were united in the first French Cavalry mechanised unit ever: the experimental

418:. After much deliberation however the General that very day committed himself to take a Renault tank into consideration. 447:

After the exercise they were sent back to Renault, who shortly afterwards submitted three types for evaluation to the

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rejected the project as the small gain in trench-crossing capacity did not make up for the higher weight.

642:("Cavalry Light Divisions"). It was first decided that these within each of the two battalions of their 2374: 2369: 2083: 1963: 1890: 741: 706:

In 1934, the three command vehicles of the 4e GAM and 18e dragons of 4e DC were rebuilt as AMR 33 TSF (

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of 1940 the AMR 33s were quickly lost. Some captured vehicles were for the duration of the war used by

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to lobby for a Renault AMR. Weygand informed him that it had informally been decided to procure the

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weighed 4565 kilogrammes and had a maximum speed of 54.1 km/h. On 18 April 1935 the CEMAV (

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In 1938 a smoke-laying system was tested, using the AMR 33. An AM5 apparatus was fitted by the

686: 602:. Its fighting power was thus very limited indeed, but new tanks had been ordered, such as the 38: 2591: 2344: 2088: 658:

DLC 23, for a total strength of 91. There was thus a matériel reserve of 22 vehicles. In the

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which, all with priority from the first production batch, received forty: a squadron for its

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However, the same year it was decided to let the 25 mm gun be towed by the Renault UE

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To counter the threat posed by the massive Soviet arms build-up since 1928, the year

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On 9 January 1931 the French Artillery officially issued the specifications for a

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factory. It was not taken into production, despite a favourable report by the

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In 1934 it was decided to transform 4e DC into an armoured division, the

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Vauvillier, François (2013), "Tous les Blindés de l'Armée Française",

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delivered with the simplest one: two leaf springs on each side didn't

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The Puteaux workshop only finished the prototype, now named the

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French armoured fighting vehicle production during World War II

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Commission d'Expériences du Matériel Automobile de Vincennes

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AMR 33 prototype N° 78758 was used in 1935 by the engineer

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of 860 m/s, which yet had to be developed by the

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Some captured AMR 33s were used by the Germans as the

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Automitrailleuse de Reconnaissance Renault Modèle 1933

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Section Technique des Matériels Automobiles de Combat

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which received eight from the first batch of 65 and

756:In September 1933 two prototypes were presented in 384:had early November 1931 already begun to design a 355:Automitrailleuse de Cavalerie type Reconnaissance 218:reserve gun could be used as anti-aircraft weapon 2734: 1828: 1784:WWII vehicles - Renault Modèle 1933 VM, AMR 1933 614:. In 1937 a new DLM was created from 5e DC, the 449:Commission d'Expériences du Matériel Automobile 1750:(in French), Paris: Histoire & Collections 1737:(in French), Paris: Histoire & Collections 667:tank of the time. Around 10:00 on 10 May near 2453: 1814: 315:therefore succeeded by an improved type, the 361:was then the generalised term for any light 2413:List of interwar armoured fighting vehicles 1744: 1366: 1318: 1282: 662:the type fared very badly. The DLCs in the 2460: 2446: 2408: 1821: 1807: 1769:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel 1766: 1760:Histoire de Guerre, Blindés & Matériel 1757: 1731: 1666: 1630: 1606: 1594: 1582: 1570: 1558: 1546: 1534: 1522: 1498: 1486: 1474: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1414: 1402: 1390: 1378: 1354: 1342: 1330: 1306: 1294: 1270: 1258: 1246: 1234: 1210: 1198: 1138: 1126: 1114: 1102: 1078: 1066: 1054: 1018: 1006: 994: 982: 970: 958: 946: 476:, a project for a 37 mm gun equipped 144:5.5 t (12,000 lb; 5.4 long tons) 2758:Military vehicles introduced in the 1930s 2468:French armoured fighting vehicles of the 2040:Vickers-Carden-Loyd light amphibious tank 1712:Les Véhicules Blindés Français 1900–1944 845: 738:Voiture légère de transport de personnel 696: 529: 504: 487: 2735: 1709: 1700: 1654: 1642: 1618: 1510: 1222: 1186: 1162: 1150: 1090: 1042: 934: 525: 2441: 1802: 1718:] (in French) (E.P.A. ed.), 1705:(in French), vol. I, Paris: SERA 1682: 1174: 1030: 894: 862: 682:, probably mostly in France itself. 626:), to be created from the peacetime 801:37 mm Modèle 1934 fortress gun 386:tracteur léger de cavalerie type VM 13: 2753:Light tanks of the interwar period 1716:French Armoured Vehicles 1900–1944 480:, is not included in this number. 14: 2769: 1777: 905:Section Technique de la Cavalerie 832:Conseil Consultatif de l'Armement 685:A single vehicle survives at the 395:Section Technique de la Cavalerie 255:128 L (28 imp gal) 168:1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) 160:1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) 152:3.5 m (11 ft 6 in) 2407: 2398: 2397: 713: 31: 1660: 1648: 1636: 1624: 1612: 1600: 1588: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1456: 1444: 1432: 1420: 1408: 1396: 1384: 1372: 1360: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1312: 1300: 1288: 1276: 1264: 1252: 1240: 1228: 1216: 1204: 1192: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1144: 1132: 1120: 1108: 1096: 1084: 1072: 1060: 1048: 1036: 881:Atelier et Chantier de la Loire 442:Détachement Mécanique de Sûreté 327:and dismounted cavalry. In the 267:about 200 km (120 mi) 1024: 1012: 1000: 988: 976: 964: 952: 940: 928: 811:, the State armament arsenal. 640:Divisions Légères de Cavalerie 483: 375:Automitrailleuse de Découverte 338: 117: 1: 1745:Vauvillier, François (2005), 1732:Vauvillier, François (2005), 1687:(in French), Boulogne: ETAI, 1675: 875:who at the time lived in the 841: 701: 462: 414:made by Renault's competitor 239:oil damped horizontal springs 1830:Tanks of the interwar period 1683:Jeudy, Jean-Gabriel (1997), 7: 1703:Les Engins Blindés Français 910: 780:, that was to serve in the 778:self-propelled antitank-gun 624:Régiment d'Automitailleuses 576:Bataillon de Dragons Portés 436:the suspension units, they 10: 2774: 1771:(in French), vol. 100 1685:Chars de France: 1920–1945 763: 742:armoured personnel carrier 680:Panzerspähwagen VM 701 (f) 644:Régiment de Dragons Portés 552:Groupe d'Automitrailleuses 534:AMR 33 light tanks of the 277:54 km/h (34 mph) 2712: 2621: 2600: 2568: 2522: 2476: 2393: 2227: 2195: 2162: 2102: 2054: 1909: 1836: 1762:(in French), vol. 75 730: 596:Division Légère Mécanique 408:AMR Citroën Kégresse P 28 363:armoured fighting vehicle 271: 259: 251: 243: 235: 222: 210: 195: 191:13 mm (0.51 in) 185: 180: 172: 164: 156: 148: 140: 135: 127: 116: 108: 100: 92: 84: 79: 71: 66: 57:Place of origin 56: 45: 30: 23: 16:French light cavalry tank 2385:Vickers A1E1 Independent 922: 570:and another ten for its 1710:Touzin, Pierre (1979), 1701:Touzin, Pierre (1976), 889:Commission de Vincennes 457:AMR Renault modèle 1933 247:32 cm (13 in) 2608:Renault UE Chenillette 1789:Chars-francais.net old 871:, a former citizen of 851: 543: 510: 493: 2743:Light tanks of France 2504:Hotchkiss H35/H38/H39 2403:Interwar period tanks 849: 697:Projects and variants 650:, inherited from the 533: 509:Details of the turret 508: 491: 299:developed during the 295:) was a French light 244:Ground clearance 205:Mitrailleuse mle 1931 61:French Third Republic 2639:Gendron-Somua AMR 39 2094:Vickers medium Mk II 1934:Disston Tractor Tank 856:tracteur de 2 tonnes 772:, which was to be a 708:Télégraphie Sans Fil 520:Atelier de Vincennes 492:The AMR 33 at Saumur 75:France, Nazi Germany 2424:Tank classification 2420:History of the tank 2089:Vickers medium Mk I 526:Operational history 2587:AMC Schneider P 16 2523:Medium/heavy tanks 1954:Light tanks Mk I–V 1794:Chars-francais.net 869:Nicolas Straussler 852: 809:Atelier de Puteaux 558:which got ten and 554:) of each, except 544: 516:Reibel machine gun 511: 499:Renault Nervasport 494: 325:motorised infantry 252:Fuel capacity 80:Production history 2730: 2729: 2601:Armoured carriers 2435: 2434: 1964:Light tank Mk VII 895:Smoke-laying tank 863:The Trench-Jumper 774:véhicule antichar 687:Musée des Blindés 281: 280: 39:Musée des Blindés 2765: 2664:Renault B1 (ter) 2592:White-Laffly AMD 2470:Second World War 2462: 2455: 2448: 2439: 2438: 2411: 2410: 2401: 2400: 2042: 1959:Light tank Mk VI 1823: 1816: 1809: 1800: 1799: 1772: 1763: 1752: 1739: 1728: 1706: 1697: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1628: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1592: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1513:, pp. 50–51 1508: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1367:Vauvillier 2005b 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1319:Vauvillier 2005b 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1286: 1283:Vauvillier 2005b 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1256: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1076: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 998: 992: 986: 980: 974: 968: 962: 956: 950: 944: 938: 932: 660:Battle of France 632:Second World War 380:In anticipation 359:Automitrailleuse 350:Cordon sanitaire 329:Battle of France 305:Second World War 303:and used in the 274: 119: 35: 26: 21: 20: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2733: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2722:Tanks in France 2708: 2679:Panhard AM 40 P 2617: 2596: 2564: 2518: 2477:AMR/light tanks 2472: 2466: 2436: 2431: 2428:interwar period 2389: 2315:Stridsvagn m/31 2270:Medium Mark III 2260:Landsverk L-120 2232: 2223: 2191: 2158: 2098: 2050: 2038: 1905: 1832: 1827: 1780: 1775: 1726: 1695: 1678: 1673: 1667:Vauvillier 2005 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1631:Vauvillier 2005 1629: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1607:Vauvillier 2005 1605: 1601: 1595:Vauvillier 2005 1593: 1589: 1583:Vauvillier 2005 1581: 1577: 1571:Vauvillier 2005 1569: 1565: 1559:Vauvillier 2005 1557: 1553: 1547:Vauvillier 2005 1545: 1541: 1535:Vauvillier 2005 1533: 1529: 1523:Vauvillier 2005 1521: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1499:Vauvillier 2013 1497: 1493: 1487:Vauvillier 2005 1485: 1481: 1475:Vauvillier 2005 1473: 1469: 1463:Vauvillier 2005 1461: 1457: 1451:Vauvillier 2005 1449: 1445: 1439:Vauvillier 2005 1437: 1433: 1427:Vauvillier 2005 1425: 1421: 1415:Vauvillier 2005 1413: 1409: 1403:Vauvillier 2007 1401: 1397: 1391:Vauvillier 2007 1389: 1385: 1379:Vauvillier 2005 1377: 1373: 1365: 1361: 1355:Vauvillier 2005 1353: 1349: 1343:Vauvillier 2005 1341: 1337: 1331:Vauvillier 2005 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1307:Vauvillier 2005 1305: 1301: 1295:Vauvillier 2005 1293: 1289: 1281: 1277: 1271:Vauvillier 2007 1269: 1265: 1259:Vauvillier 2007 1257: 1253: 1247:Vauvillier 2005 1245: 1241: 1235:Vauvillier 2005 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1211:Vauvillier 2005 1209: 1205: 1199:Vauvillier 2013 1197: 1193: 1185: 1181: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1139:Vauvillier 2005 1137: 1133: 1127:Vauvillier 2005 1125: 1121: 1115:Vauvillier 2013 1113: 1109: 1103:Vauvillier 2005 1101: 1097: 1089: 1085: 1079:Vauvillier 2005 1077: 1073: 1067:Vauvillier 2005 1065: 1061: 1055:Vauvillier 2005 1053: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1029: 1025: 1019:Vauvillier 2005 1017: 1013: 1007:Vauvillier 2005 1005: 1001: 995:Vauvillier 2005 993: 989: 983:Vauvillier 2007 981: 977: 971:Vauvillier 2007 969: 965: 959:Vauvillier 2007 957: 953: 947:Vauvillier 2013 945: 941: 933: 929: 925: 917:Tanks in France 913: 897: 873:Austria-Hungary 865: 844: 805:muzzle velocity 766: 733: 716: 704: 699: 542:, 14 July 1938. 528: 486: 465: 341: 264: 262: 230: 215: 213: 200: 198: 181: 67:Service history 41: 25:Renault AMR 33 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2771: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2644:AMX Tracteur C 2641: 2636: 2634:ARL tracteur C 2631: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2450: 2442: 2433: 2432: 2416: 2415: 2405: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2375:Type 98 Chi-Ho 2372: 2370:Type 97 Chi-Ni 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2310:Straussler V-4 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2290:Neubaufahrzeug 2287: 2282: 2280:Medium tank A7 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2234: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2149:Cruiser Mk III 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2084:Type 97 Chi-Ha 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2060: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1779: 1778:External links 1776: 1774: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1742: 1729: 1724: 1707: 1698: 1693: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1623: 1611: 1599: 1587: 1575: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1527: 1515: 1503: 1491: 1479: 1467: 1455: 1443: 1431: 1419: 1407: 1395: 1383: 1371: 1359: 1347: 1335: 1323: 1311: 1299: 1287: 1275: 1263: 1251: 1239: 1227: 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1167: 1155: 1143: 1131: 1119: 1107: 1095: 1083: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1035: 1023: 1011: 999: 987: 975: 963: 951: 939: 926: 924: 921: 920: 919: 912: 909: 896: 893: 877:United Kingdom 864: 861: 843: 840: 838:was rejected. 786:tank destroyer 765: 762: 732: 729: 715: 712: 703: 700: 698: 695: 527: 524: 485: 482: 478:tank destroyer 464: 461: 404:Maxime Weygand 340: 337: 279: 278: 275: 273:Maximum speed 269: 268: 265: 260: 257: 256: 253: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 224: 220: 219: 216: 211: 208: 207: 201: 196: 193: 192: 189: 183: 182: 178: 177: 174: 170: 169: 166: 162: 161: 158: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 136:Specifications 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 121: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 47: 43: 42: 36: 28: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2770: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2748:Cavalry tanks 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2654:AMX 40 (1940) 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570:Armoured cars 2567: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2444: 2443: 2440: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2406: 2404: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2365:Type 95 heavy 2363: 2361: 2360:Type 91 heavy 2358: 2356: 2355:Type 87 Chi-I 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2335:T7 combat car 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2325:T1 light tank 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2285:Morris-Martel 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275:Medium Mark D 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2265:Leichttraktor 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2233:experimentals 2230: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2177:Hotchkiss H35 2175: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2161: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2144:Cruiser Mk II 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2035: 2034:Vickers 6-ton 2032: 2030: 2029:Type 95 Ha-Go 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989:M2 light tank 1987: 1985: 1984:M1 combat car 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1901:Type 97 Te-Ke 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1881:Tančík vz. 33 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1781: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1725:2-85120-094-1 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1694:2-7268-8369-9 1690: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1668: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1615: 1608: 1603: 1596: 1591: 1584: 1579: 1572: 1567: 1560: 1555: 1548: 1543: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1519: 1512: 1507: 1500: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1476: 1471: 1464: 1459: 1452: 1447: 1440: 1435: 1428: 1423: 1416: 1411: 1404: 1399: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1375: 1368: 1363: 1356: 1351: 1344: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1320: 1315: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1255: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1231: 1224: 1219: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1183: 1177:, p. 149 1176: 1171: 1164: 1159: 1152: 1147: 1140: 1135: 1128: 1123: 1116: 1111: 1104: 1099: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1039: 1033:, p. 144 1032: 1027: 1020: 1015: 1008: 1003: 996: 991: 984: 979: 972: 967: 960: 955: 948: 943: 936: 931: 927: 918: 915: 914: 908: 906: 902: 892: 890: 885: 882: 878: 874: 870: 860: 857: 848: 839: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 816: 812: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 761: 759: 754: 752: 748: 743: 739: 728: 724: 722: 714:Modernisation 711: 709: 694: 692: 688: 683: 681: 676: 672: 670: 665: 661: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 588: 585: 584:11e Chasseurs 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 541: 537: 532: 523: 521: 517: 507: 503: 500: 490: 481: 479: 475: 471: 460: 458: 454: 450: 445: 443: 439: 435: 430: 425: 419: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 397:to provide a 396: 391: 388:based on his 387: 383: 382:Louis Renault 378: 376: 372: 368: 365:armed with a 364: 360: 356: 352: 351: 346: 345:Joseph Stalin 336: 334: 330: 326: 320: 318: 313: 310:Developed by 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 276: 270: 266: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231:84 hp (63 kW) 229: 225: 221: 217: 209: 206: 202: 194: 190: 188: 184: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 130: 126: 122: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 78: 74: 70: 65: 62: 59: 55: 52: 48: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 2689:Somua SAu 40 2622:Experimental 2613:Lorraine 37L 2488: 2418:Background: 2417: 2255:Kolohousenka 2250:Grosstraktor 2139:Cruiser Mk I 2123: 2079:Type 89 I-Go 2046:Vickers T-15 1876:T-32 (Š-I-D) 1768: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1715: 1711: 1702: 1684: 1669:, p. 21 1662: 1657:, p. 51 1650: 1645:, p. 51 1638: 1633:, p. 21 1626: 1621:, p. 51 1614: 1609:, p. 33 1602: 1597:, p. 35 1590: 1585:, p. 34 1578: 1573:, p. 34 1566: 1561:, p. 34 1554: 1549:, p. 33 1542: 1537:, p. 33 1530: 1525:, p. 27 1518: 1506: 1501:, p. 74 1494: 1489:, p. 22 1482: 1477:, p. 27 1470: 1465:, p. 47 1458: 1453:, p. 43 1446: 1441:, p. 65 1434: 1429:, p. 41 1422: 1417:, p. 61 1410: 1405:, p. 42 1398: 1393:, p. 43 1386: 1381:, p. 41 1374: 1369:, p. 29 1362: 1357:, p. 41 1350: 1345:, p. 40 1338: 1333:, p. 40 1326: 1321:, p. 25 1314: 1309:, p. 40 1302: 1297:, p. 39 1290: 1285:, p. 22 1278: 1273:, p. 47 1266: 1261:, p. 46 1254: 1249:, p. 44 1242: 1237:, p. 42 1230: 1225:, p. 56 1218: 1213:, p. 46 1206: 1201:, p. 71 1194: 1189:, p. 49 1182: 1170: 1165:, p. 66 1158: 1153:, p. 48 1146: 1141:, p. 20 1134: 1129:, p. 18 1122: 1117:, p. 71 1110: 1105:, p. 18 1098: 1093:, p. 65 1086: 1081:, p. 18 1074: 1069:, p. 16 1062: 1057:, p. 16 1050: 1045:, p. 64 1038: 1026: 1021:, p. 14 1014: 1009:, p. 13 1002: 997:, p. 14 990: 985:, p. 44 978: 973:, p. 45 966: 961:, p. 44 954: 949:, p. 71 942: 937:, p. 63 930: 904: 900: 898: 888: 886: 880: 866: 855: 853: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 817: 813: 808: 796: 794: 789: 782:Maginot Line 773: 769: 767: 755: 750: 746: 737: 734: 725: 717: 707: 705: 684: 679: 677: 673: 656: 651: 647: 643: 639: 636: 627: 623: 595: 589: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 545: 535: 519: 512: 495: 473: 466: 456: 448: 446: 441: 437: 433: 420: 394: 385: 379: 374: 370: 358: 354: 348: 342: 321: 309: 297:cavalry tank 292: 288: 284: 282: 101:Manufacturer 72:Used by 51:cavalry tank 18: 2582:Panhard 178 2514:Renault R40 2509:Renault R35 2201:super-heavy 1924:38M Toldi I 1851:Carden Loyd 1655:Touzin 1979 1643:Touzin 1979 1619:Touzin 1979 1511:Touzin 1979 1223:Touzin 1976 1187:Touzin 1979 1163:Touzin 1976 1151:Touzin 1979 1091:Touzin 1976 1043:Touzin 1976 935:Touzin 1976 797:chenillette 790:chenillette 568:18e Dragons 484:Description 459:or AMR 33. 429:Carden Loyd 367:machine gun 339:Development 301:Interbellum 261:Operational 226:8-cylinder 120: built 112:1933 - 1935 2737:Categories 2574:halftracks 2484:Renault FT 2300:Škoda MU-4 2229:Prototypes 1676:References 1175:Jeudy 1997 1031:Jeudy 1997 850:Renault YI 842:Renault YI 702:AMR 33 TSF 580:9e Dragons 540:Strasbourg 463:Production 412:half-track 390:Renault UE 293:Renault VM 236:Suspension 131:AMR 33 TSF 37:AMR 33 at 2694:Somua S40 2560:SOMUA S35 2330:T2 medium 2320:ST vz. 39 2295:PZInż 130 2182:Matilda I 2154:SOMUA S35 2103:Cavalry, 1999:Panzer II 1979:LT vz. 38 1974:LT vz. 35 1969:LT vz. 34 1939:Fiat 3000 1838:Tankettes 901:Chaubeyre 612:SOMUA S35 453:Vincennes 424:Champagne 212:Secondary 2704:ARL V 39 2164:Infantry 1994:Panzer I 911:See also 664:Ardennes 610:and the 600:AMC P16s 566:and its 399:tankette 214:armament 199:armament 128:Variants 109:Produced 93:Designed 85:Designer 2684:SARL 42 2674:Char G1 2555:Char D2 2550:Char D1 2545:Char B1 2540:Char 2C 2380:Verdeja 2214:Char B1 2209:Char 2C 2134:BT tank 2105:cruiser 2064:Char D2 1929:Char D1 1896:Type 94 1891:Type 92 836:Engin P 824:Engin P 820:Engin P 803:with a 764:Engin P 648:1re DLC 592:1re DLM 474:Engin P 416:Citroën 333:Germany 312:Renault 203:7.5 mm 104:Renault 88:Renault 2699:ARL 44 2669:S35 CA 2659:ARL 40 2649:AMX 38 2629:FCM F1 2535:AMC 35 2530:AMC 34 2499:FCM 36 2494:AMR 35 2489:AMR 33 2245:FCM F1 2172:FCM 36 2129:AMR 35 2124:AMR 33 2119:AMC 35 2114:AMC 34 2107:, fast 2056:Medium 1722: 1691: 770:Type P 758:Mailly 751:Type M 731:Type M 691:Saumur 652:1re DC 620:AMR 35 616:2e DLM 608:AMC 35 606:, the 604:AMC 34 572:4e BDP 564:4e GAM 536:2e GAM 470:AMR 35 434:spring 317:AMR 35 289:AMR 33 228:petrol 223:Engine 187:Armour 165:Height 149:Length 49:Light 2350:T-100 2197:Heavy 1911:Light 1861:L3/35 1856:L3/33 1846:AH-IV 1714:[ 923:Notes 784:as a 740:, an 721:China 669:Vancé 560:4e DC 556:5e DC 263:range 157:Width 2345:T-42 2340:T-19 2240:10TP 2219:T-35 2187:T-26 2074:T-28 2069:T-24 2024:T-38 2019:T-37 2014:T-26 2009:T-18 1949:L-60 1871:T-27 1720:ISBN 1689:ISBN 776:, a 438:were 410:, a 283:The 197:Main 173:Crew 141:Mass 96:1932 46:Type 2305:SMK 2004:R35 1944:H35 1919:7TP 1886:TKS 1866:R-1 689:at 628:GAM 548:GAM 538:in 451:at 377:). 371:not 291:or 123:123 118:No. 2739:: 2572:, 2426:, 2422:, 2199:, 907:. 753:. 693:. 654:. 335:. 319:. 307:. 2461:e 2454:t 2447:v 2231:, 1822:e 1815:t 1808:v 745:( 594:( 574:( 550:( 287:( 176:2

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Index