2217:
1081:
156:
140:
92:
34:
686:
2253:
2001:
3296:
2229:
3284:
3308:
2241:
2203:
448:. Packages currently installed with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left at their current version.
980:
The 'Deity' name was abandoned as the official name for the project due to concerns over the religious nature of the name. The APT name was eventually decided after considerable internal and public discussion. Ultimately the name was proposed on IRC, accepted and then finalized on the mailing lists.
661:
feature allows users to force APT to choose particular versions of packages which may be available in different versions from different repositories. This allows administrators to ensure that packages are not upgraded to versions which may conflict with other packages on the system, or that have not
943:
APT front ends can list the dependencies of packages being installed or upgraded, ask the administrator if packages recommended or suggested by newly installed packages should be installed too, automatically install dependencies and perform other operations on the system such as removing obsolete
918:: A convenient way to make any available non-containerized change to any Debian-type Linux installation without using a direct Internet connection. However, a temporary direct connection can be required, such as to install Apt-offline on some of the relevant types of Linux, and to add
362:). Notably, APT automatically gets and installs packages upon which the indicated package depends (if necessary). This was an original distinguishing characteristic of APT-based package management systems, as it avoided installation failure due to missing dependencies, a type of
376:
APT provides other command options to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system. One option is to force a particular version of a package. This can downgrade a package and render dependent software inoperable, so the user must be careful.
1005:
method and a command line utility was so great and positive that all development efforts focused on maintaining and improving the tool. It was not until much later that several independent people built user interfaces on top of
373:) to locate the desired packages, which might be available on the network or a removable storage medium, for example, and retrieve them, and also obtain information about available (but not installed) packages.
619:). Once a package repository has been specified (like during the system installation), packages in that repository can be installed without specifying a source and will be kept up-to-date automatically.
312:
performs actions on individual packages, APT manages relations (especially dependencies) between them, as well as sourcing and management of higher-level versioning decisions (release tracking and
354:
The user indicates one or more packages to be installed. Each package name is phrased as just the name portion of the package, not a fully qualified filename (for instance, in a Debian system,
977:
Much of the original development of APT was done on
Internet relay chat (IRC), so records have been lost. The 'Deity creation team' mailing list archives include only the major highlights.
649:
Problems may appear when several sources offer the same package(s). Systems that have such possibly conflicting sources can use APT pinning to control which sources should be preferred.
642:
option (i.e. a hard disk or a USB keydrive). The Debian CDs available for download contain Debian repositories. This allows non-networked machines to be upgraded. One can also use
596:
in order to find software and resolve dependencies. For APT, a repository is a directory containing packages along with an index file. This can be specified as a networked or
803:, a way to add a new CDROM to APT's list of available repositories (sources.lists). It is necessary to use apt-cdrom to add CDs to the APT system, it cannot be done by hand.
1013:
Eventually, a new team picked up the project, began to build new features and released version 0.6 of APT which introduced the Secure APT feature, using strong
984:
APT was introduced in 1998 and original test builds were circulated on IRC. The first Debian version that included it was Debian 2.1, released on 9 March 1999.
1069:
is a command, packaged separately from APT, to find which package includes a specific file, or to list all files included in a package on remote repositories.
600:
location. As of 14 August 2021, the Debian project keeps a central repository of over 50,000 software packages ready for download and installation.
2291:
478:
have a "smart" conflict resolution system, and will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. The
3364:
1275:
313:
993:
user interface was a failure. Work on the user interface portion of the project was abandoned (the user interface directories were removed from the
1756:
1294:
319:
APT is often hailed as one of Debian's best features, which Debian developers attribute to the strict quality controls in Debian's policy.
3312:
3288:
1119:
272:
library of functions; APT also includes command-line programs for dealing with packages, which use the library. Three such programs are
3359:
3354:
2284:
3379:
1590:
966:. This project was commissioned in 1997 by Brian White, the Debian release manager at the time. The first functional version of
556:" is specified, i.e. a preference to get certain packages from a separate source or from a different version of a distribution.
292:" priority in all current Debian releases, and is therefore included in a default Debian installation. APT can be considered a
3339:
2221:
2188:
1897:
1670:
1086:
974:
and was only intended to be a test program for the core library functions that would underpin the new user interface (UI).
3300:
2277:
797:, a GTK-based tool sponsored for Ubuntu. (There is also a Qt version, available in the Ubuntu repositories as gdebi-kde.)
1848:
444:
is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
2866:
1312:
3369:
1623:
1647:
1938:
1139:
369:
Another distinction is the retrieval of packages from remote repositories. APT uses a location configuration file (
175:
1826:
20:
1975:
1956:
823:, an Ubuntu software package that enables end-user applications to install with a single-click through a browser.
3334:
3202:
2931:
1985:
1530:
700:
to APT exist, which provide more advanced installation functions and more intuitive interfaces. These include:
3181:
2442:
1800:
3253:
1418:
1279:
115:
1760:
3235:
3217:
2982:
2154:
845:, a package manager for jailbroken iOS based on newer versions of APT (ported to iOS by the Electra team)
83:
430:
files from their sources. The lists of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in
2783:
2644:
2562:
994:
394:
APT searches its cached list of packages and lists the dependencies that must be installed or updated.
192:
1879:
2735:
2330:
747:
1298:
1911:
727:
713:
689:
155:
91:
3064:
2891:
2760:
2682:
2252:
1906:
1393:
1330:
384:
mechanism allows the user to create an alternative installation policy for individual packages.
2795:
2617:
2602:
2432:
1990:
1980:
1489:
1094:
899:
739:
719:
1198:
903:
3194:
2886:
1700:
1228:
2000:
3189:
2828:
1931:
697:
293:
229:
1372:
8:
3171:
2750:
2740:
2465:
2450:
2427:
2417:
2144:
2088:
2055:
1039:
734:
705:
593:
483:
327:
233:
139:
3069:
2597:
2567:
2353:
2060:
2020:
1738:
1719:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
891:
388:
241:
3054:
2838:
2730:
2371:
2168:
2093:
1970:
1678:
1619:
1524:
1165:
1034:
1017:
1014:
1465:
1180:
1158:
342:. However, it only does this when it is unable to calculate how to avoid the reason
3243:
2939:
2823:
2654:
2381:
2376:
2159:
2035:
856:
832:
187:
163:
2582:
470:, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages;
3374:
3344:
3102:
3074:
3036:
2856:
2695:
2690:
2508:
2300:
2233:
2083:
1924:
1901:
1613:
1199:"The apt - Advanced Package Tool Open Source Project on Open Hub: Languages Page"
1047:
814:
810:
784:
626:
and other storage media (USB keydrive, hard disks...) can be used as well, using
434:. For example, when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves and scans the
363:
284:. They are commonly used in examples because they are simple and ubiquitous. The
249:
180:
1894:
919:
482:
file contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package files.
248:
computer systems by automating the retrieval, configuration and installation of
3261:
3122:
3018:
2478:
2473:
2366:
2304:
2245:
788:
2577:
677:) must be modified, although graphical front ends often make pinning simpler.
3349:
3328:
2944:
2639:
2045:
1682:
1254:
226:
2269:
1316:
574:: Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
124:
33:
2990:
2207:
2174:
2050:
2015:
1544:
1351:
1054:
for some of its own package management tasks, and APT is also available in
685:
623:
2919:
2815:
2725:
2705:
2552:
2040:
2030:
2025:
1055:
884:
to email notices of pending updates to a system administrator (sysadmin).
611:) and then be queried by APT. Graphical front ends often allow modifying
3028:
3010:
2995:
2876:
2572:
2318:
2114:
1822:
775:
438:
files, so that information about new and updated packages is available.
397:
APT retrieves, configures and installs the dependencies automatically.
47:
2257:
1591:"How to install software in Ubuntu Linux: A complete guide for newbie"
1440:
3207:
3059:
2846:
2516:
2395:
1099:
245:
168:
1774:
3225:
3107:
2547:
2521:
2455:
2361:
1889:
1615:
iPhone hacks: Pushing the iPhone and iPod touch beyond their limits
1109:
987:
In the end the original goal of the Deity project of replacing the
754:
253:
153:
C++, shell script, Extensible Markup
Language, CMake, C, Perl
3079:
2800:
2787:
2768:
2745:
2715:
2700:
2557:
2488:
2483:
2422:
2149:
1796:
1565:
1104:
1043:
989:
958:
743:
304:
203:
835:
based on APT (ported to iOS as part of the
Telesphoreo project).
3112:
3084:
3000:
2967:
2949:
2881:
2861:
2851:
2805:
2773:
2720:
2649:
2612:
2587:
2531:
2526:
2119:
2109:
1947:
1885:
895:
597:
237:
53:
334:
in the best possible sequence. In some cases, it utilizes the
3130:
3094:
3046:
2972:
2959:
2871:
2710:
2672:
2631:
2493:
2391:
1313:"Mobile Linux development with Familiar and a minimal Debian"
1114:
1051:
871:
852:
842:
827:
780:
330:
of the list of packages to be installed or removed and calls
269:
603:
Any number of additional repositories can be added to APT's
264:
APT is a collection of tools distributed in a package named
3166:
3148:
3140:
2896:
2664:
2607:
2592:
2498:
2404:
2343:
2338:
2164:
1029:
881:
552:: Directory with version preferences files. This is where "
400:
298:
1038:
packages. A version of APT modified to also work with the
3158:
2202:
1916:
1419:"Query APT configuration using apt-config - Debian admin"
768:
759:
724:
710:
1912:
Chapter 2. Debian package management - Debian
Reference
1516:
e.g. deb file:/mnt/install stable main contrib non-free
236:
to handle the installation and removal of software on
419:
that facilitate updating installed packages include:
244:. APT simplifies the process of managing software on
1671:"The evolution of Debian package management systems"
1076:
638:
can specify a folder other than a CD-ROM, using the
1849:"Inspecting and extracting Debian package contents"
406:
506:contains the APT configuration folders and files.
21:APT (disambiguation) § Computing and software
1730:
3326:
855:-widget-based graphical front end. Developed by
662:been sufficiently tested for unwelcome changes.
583:: Storage area for state information in transit.
1028:APT was originally designed as a front end for
1166:"2.9.7 · Tags · APT Developers / apt · GitLab"
868:Hildon application manager (Maemo application)
41:requesting confirmation before an installation
2299:
2285:
1932:
1711:
1373:"Discussion on dist-upgrade vs. full-upgrade"
1276:"From the archives: the best distros of 2000"
862:Muon discover (previous Muon software center)
466:), in addition to performing the function of
568:: Storage area for package files in transit.
387:The user can specify packages using a POSIX
268:. A significant part of APT is defined in a
1692:
1648:"Android, Schmandroid: Linux on the iPhone"
1120:List of software package management systems
894:to allow users to install software through
692:is one of the front ends available for APT.
562:: Storage area for retrieved package files.
322:A major feature of APT is the way it calls
3283:
2292:
2278:
1939:
1925:
1020:to authenticate the package repositories.
962:replacement project known by its codename
939:upgrade the whole system to a new release.
498:
154:
138:
90:
32:
3365:Linux package management-related software
1736:
1717:
1701:""dselect" replacement project ("deity")"
1687:gnome-apt was written by Havoc Pennington
1223:
1221:
1219:
2222:Free and open-source software portal
1677:. Vol. 22, no. 4. p. 50.
1668:
1645:
684:
512:is the APT Configuration Query program.
1252:
403:are the treatment of deferred actions.
16:Free software package management system
3327:
1611:
1292:
1216:
349:
252:, either from precompiled files or by
2917:
2316:
2273:
1920:
1698:
898:and is in turn the framework used by
864:, a Qt-based graphical user interface
622:In addition to network repositories,
3307:
2240:
1087:Free and open-source software portal
997:) after the first public release of
952:The original effort that led to the
358:would be the argument provided, not
1646:Adhikari, Richard (20 March 2008).
1618:. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 20.
1146:. The Debian project. 31 March 1998
880:, a service designed to be run via
546:: APT configuration file fragments.
534:: Additional source list fragments.
528:: Locations to fetch packages from.
13:
1803:from the original on 21 April 2008
1737:Gunthorpe, Jason (19 March 1998).
1253:Byfield, Bruce (9 December 2004).
346:requires the action to be forced.
14:
3391:
1871:
1718:Gunthorpe, Jason (2 March 1998).
1699:White, Brian C. (11 April 1997).
1669:Mullikin, Glenn (December 2001).
1293:Dorgan, David (19 January 2004).
767:, a graphical user interface for
3306:
3295:
3294:
3282:
2251:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2201:
2189:Debian–Mozilla trademark dispute
1999:
1829:from the original on 11 May 2008
1079:
566:/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
553:
407:Update, upgrade and dist-upgrade
3360:Free software programmed in C++
3355:Free package management systems
1976:Debian Free Software Guidelines
1957:Software in the Public Interest
1841:
1815:
1789:
1767:
1749:
1662:
1639:
1605:
1583:
1558:
1537:
1507:
1482:
1466:"Debian 11 "bullseye" released"
1458:
1433:
1411:
1386:
1365:
1344:
730:developed by the Ubuntu project
3380:Software using the GPL license
2918:
1323:
1305:
1286:
1268:
1246:
1132:
936:install or remove packages and
652:
1:
1125:
890:, a front end that runs as a
680:
634:URI to the source list file.
592:APT relies on the concept of
426:is used to resynchronize the
3340:Cross-platform free software
2317:
1759:. debian.org. Archived from
1315:. Mobile Tux. Archived from
302:, friendlier than the older
7:
1757:"A brief history of Debian"
1278:. Tux radar. Archived from
1072:
1061:
1023:
1001:. The response to APT as a
904:Linux Mint software manager
581:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/
10:
3396:
1946:
1529:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1297:. linux.ie. Archived from
1050:project has ported APT to
995:concurrent versions system
947:
587:
18:
3278:
3252:
3234:
3216:
3180:
3157:
3139:
3121:
3093:
3045:
3027:
3009:
2981:
2958:
2930:
2926:
2913:
2837:
2814:
2782:
2759:
2681:
2663:
2630:
2540:
2507:
2464:
2441:
2403:
2390:
2352:
2329:
2325:
2312:
2195:
2183:
2132:
2115:Linux Mint Debian Edition
2102:
2076:
2069:
2008:
1997:
1963:
1954:
665:In order to do this, the
540:: APT configuration file.
516:shows the configuration.
198:
186:
174:
162:
149:
114:
110:
82:
78:
60:
46:
31:
3370:Software update managers
930:search for new packages;
831:, a package manager for
809:, a way to use apt with
783:frontend, maintained by
738:, a console client with
728:graphical user interface
714:graphical user interface
690:Synaptic package manager
560:/var/cache/apt/archives/
532:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
519:
259:
2892:Windows Package Manager
1825:. www.finkproject.org.
1042:system was released as
922:'s to the sources-list.
550:/etc/apt/preferences.d/
499:Configuration and files
2433:Ubuntu Software Center
1981:Debian Social Contract
1743:deity@lists.debian.org
1724:deity@lists.debian.org
1705:deity@lists.debian.org
1612:Jurick, David (2009).
1352:"Debian policy manual"
1032:to work with Debian's
900:Ubuntu software center
720:Ubuntu Software Center
693:
97:; 2 months ago
66:; 26 years ago
3335:Command-line software
1888:maintenance commands
1319:on 15 September 2008.
1295:"Migrating to Debian"
1144:apt package changelog
765:Adept package manager
688:
609:/etc/apt/sources.list
526:/etc/apt/sources.list
480:/etc/apt/sources.list
446:/etc/apt/sources.list
432:/etc/apt/sources.list
371:/etc/apt/sources.list
219:Advanced package tool
27:Advanced Package Tool
944:files and packages.
926:APT front ends can:
675:/etc/apt/preferences
607:configuration file (
544:/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
19:For other uses, see
2751:Windows Phone Store
2089:Debian GNU/kFreeBSD
2056:Scott James Remnant
1255:"An apt-get primer"
1040:RPM Package Manager
912:, part of MX Linux.
572:/var/lib/apt/lists/
350:Installing software
328:topological sorting
242:Linux distributions
28:
2061:Stefano Zacchiroli
2021:Benjamin Mako Hill
1900:2021-03-09 at the
1763:on 24 August 2003.
1739:"Re: 2 things (!)"
1545:"AptConfiguration"
694:
389:regular expression
64:31 March 1998
26:
3322:
3321:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2731:Huawei AppGallery
2626:
2625:
2443:Purely functional
2372:PlayStation Store
2267:
2266:
2128:
2127:
2094:Debian Pure Blend
1855:. 13 October 2015
1853:Packagecloud blog
1421:. 2 December 2006
1140:"Initial release"
933:upgrade packages;
910:Package installer
791:and KDE Discover.
538:/etc/apt/apt.conf
360:libc6_1.9.6-2.deb
308:front end. While
250:software packages
240:and Debian-based
216:
215:
3387:
3310:
3309:
3298:
3297:
3286:
3285:
3208:Enthought Canopy
2940:ports collection
2928:
2927:
2915:
2914:
2824:Chrome Web Store
2401:
2400:
2382:Xbox Games Store
2377:Wii Shop Channel
2327:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2301:Package managers
2294:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2255:
2243:
2242:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2208:Linux portal
2206:
2205:
2160:Debian-Installer
2074:
2073:
2036:Martin Michlmayr
2003:
1941:
1934:
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1918:
1917:
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1600:
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1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1369:
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1360:
1358:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1282:on 26 July 2020.
1272:
1266:
1265:
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1225:
1214:
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1177:
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1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1136:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1037:
1009:
1004:
1000:
992:
973:
969:
961:
956:program was the
955:
902:(along with the
857:Havoc Pennington
815:USB flash drives
676:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
618:
614:
610:
582:
577:
573:
567:
561:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
515:
511:
505:
493:
489:
481:
477:
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469:
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383:
372:
361:
357:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
311:
307:
301:
283:
279:
275:
232:that works with
212:
209:
207:
205:
164:Operating system
158:
142:
137:
134:
132:
130:
128:
126:
105:
103:
98:
94:
74:
72:
67:
40:
36:
29:
25:
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3384:
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3323:
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3248:
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3176:
3153:
3135:
3117:
3089:
3041:
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1745:(Mailing list).
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1398:Debian Manpages
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771:(deb, rpm, bsd)
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2761:Multi-platform
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1872:External links
1870:
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1823:"Fink - About"
1814:
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1720:"It's working"
1710:
1691:
1661:
1650:. LinuxInsider
1638:
1624:
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1593:. 17 June 2018
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1490:"apt-cdrom(8)"
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1470:www.debian.org
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1168:. 30 July 2024
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833:jailbroken iOS
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696:Several other
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95:/ 30 July 2024
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2945:FreeBSD Ports
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1777:. Debian Wiki
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428:package index
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380:Finally, the
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2051:Bruce Perens
2016:Bdale Garbee
1907:Apt Tutorial
1857:. Retrieved
1852:
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1775:"Secure APT"
1769:
1761:the original
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1331:"Why Debian"
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1232:
1229:"apt-get(8)"
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102:30 July 2024
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2041:Ian Murdock
2031:Ian Jackson
2026:Sam Hocevar
1859:27 December
1833:27 December
1807:27 December
1781:27 December
1654:27 December
1631:27 December
1597:27 December
1575:27 December
1570:Ubuntu Wiki
1499:27 December
1450:18 December
1445:Debian Wiki
1425:18 December
1403:18 December
1378:18 December
1357:18 December
1336:18 December
1260:18 December
1238:18 December
1150:18 December
1056:OpenSolaris
970:was called
916:Apt-offline
671:preferences
659:APT pinning
653:APT pinning
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246:Unix-like
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3301:Category
3226:RubyGems
3203:Anaconda
3172:Composer
3108:MacPorts
2645:Homebrew
2563:Homebrew
2548:AppImage
2522:slackpkg
2428:Synaptic
2418:aptitude
2362:DSi Shop
2319:Compiled
2234:Category
2145:aptitude
2133:Software
1991:Releases
1898:Archived
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1566:"AptURL"
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1073:See also
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1052:Mac OS X
1024:Variants
972:dpkg-get
878:apticron
851:, a GTK/
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735:aptitude
706:Synaptic
504:/etc/apt
484:aptitude
401:Triggers
3313:Commons
3080:BitBake
3075:Sorcery
3070:Portage
3065:Compile
2839:Windows
2801:OpenCSW
2788:illumos
2784:Solaris
2769:OpenPKG
2746:SlideME
2716:F-Droid
2701:Aptoide
2598:Portage
2558:Flatpak
2509:tarball
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2246:Commons
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2305:format
2184:Others
2120:Ubuntu
2110:Devuan
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1681:
1622:
1046:. The
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853:GNOME
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3350:Dpkg
3289:List
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3218:Ruby
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2603:Snap
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1835:2021
1809:2021
1783:2021
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1633:2021
1620:ISBN
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1577:2021
1531:link
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1035:.deb
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474:and
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711:GTK
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456:apt
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296:to
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