Aachen - Knowledge

254: 109: 2150: 264: 5493: 252: 11042: 73: 257: 316: 6500: 1211: 5958: 265: 4879: 1658: 126: 6119: 3340: 10732: 262: 171: 6226: 249: 4755: 9829: 10029: 4240: 5301: 644: 3563: 260: 2247: 284: 670: 5270: 1184: 704: 1647: 5200: 5021: 141: 6093: 5251: 261: 5647: 6145: 5236: 11343: 5473: 3701: 3466: 3148: 6171: 5224: 94: 5576: 5358: 1834: 593: 199: 226: 5481: 183: 9921: 155: 1822: 1952: 216: 5212: 6158: 5188: 3358: 5795: 3430: 3376: 255: 3304: 3448: 6132: 5320:, before becoming the independent company in Aachen. Kampker was also the founder and chairman of the European Network for Affordable and Sustainable Electromobility. In May 2014, the company announced that the city of Aachen, the city council Aachen and the savings bank Aachen had ordered electric vehicles from the company. In late 2014, approximately 70 employees were manufacturing 200 vehicles annually in the premises of the 6212: 3322: 6192: 6080: 6067: 3412: 6106: 3484: 3394: 4717: 4698: 4589: 4578: 4548: 4527: 4516: 4461: 4437: 4426: 4396: 4372: 4361: 4337: 4326: 4302: 4291: 2267: 4902:. The location of this treasury has moved over time and was unknown until the 15th century when it was located in the Matthiaskapelle (St. Matthew's Chapel) until 1873, when it was moved to the Karlskapelle (Charles' Chapel). From there it was moved to the Hungarian Chapel in 1881 and in 1931 to its present location next to the Allerseelenkapelle (Poor Souls' Chapel). Only six of the original 323: 291: 6240: 266: 253: 5855:. Like many tram systems in Western Europe, the Aachen tram suffered from poorly-maintained infrastructure and was so deemed unnecessary and disrupting for car drivers by local politics. On 28 September 1974, the last line 15 (Vaals–Brand) operated for one last day and was then replaced by buses. A proposal to reinstate a tram/light rail system under the name 256: 8758: 2052: 258: 263: 5628:, opened in 1928, served as the venue for the team's home games and was well known for its incomparable atmosphere throughout the whole of the second division. Before the old stadium's demolition in 2011, it was used by amateurs, whilst the Bundesliga Club held its games in the new stadium "Neuer Tivoli" – meaning 8754: 5866:, literally "Aachen tram and power supply company") operates a 1,240.8-kilometre-long (771 mi) bus network with 68 bus routes. Because of the location at the border, many bus routes extend to Belgium and the Netherlands. Lines 14 to Eupen, Belgium and 44 to Heerlen, Netherlands are jointly operated with 5341:

By April 2016, StreetScooter announced that it would produce 2000 of its electric vans, branded the Work, in Aachen by the end of the year, and would be scaling up to manufacture approximately 10,000 Works annually, starting in 2017, also in Aachen. At the time, this target would make it the largest

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As an imperial city, Aachen held certain political privileges that allowed it to remain independent of the troubles of Europe for many years. It remained a direct vassal of the Holy Roman Empire throughout most of the Middle Ages. It was also the site of many important church councils, including the

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The city is divided into seven administrative districts, or boroughs, each with its own district council, district leader, and district authority. The councils are elected locally by those who live within the district, and these districts are further subdivided into smaller sections for statistical

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The Katholische Hochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen – Abteilung Aachen (Catholic University of Applied Sciences Northrhine-Westphalia – Aachen department) offers its some 750 students a variety of degree programmes: social work, childhood education, nursing, and co-operative management. It also has the

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textiles, foodstuffs (chocolate and candy), glass, machinery, rubber products, furniture, metal products. Also in and around Aachen chemicals, plastics, cosmetics, and needles and pins are produced. Though once a major player in Aachen's economy, today glassware and textile production make up only

4860:. Bronze pieces such as the doors and railings, some of which have survived to present day, were cast in a local foundry. Finally, there is uncertainty surrounding the bronze pine cone in the chapel, and where it was created. Wherever it was made, it was also a parallel to a piece in Rome, this in 2023:

passed through Aachen. The city suffered extreme overcrowding and deplorable sanitary conditions until 1875, when the medieval fortifications were abandoned as a limit to building and new, better housing was built in the east of the city, where sanitary drainage was easiest. In December 1880, the

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In 1629, the Aachen Jewish community was expelled from the city. In 1667, six Jews were allowed to return. Most of the Aachen Jewish community settled in Burtscheid. As recently as the late 18th century the Abbess of Burtscheid was still prevented from building a road linking her territory to the

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published his study of the health benefits of the hot springs in Aachen. By the middle of the 17th century, the city had developed a considerable reputation as a spa, although this was in part because Aachen was then – and remained well into the 19th and early 20th century – a place of high-level

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style, including marble covered walls, and mosaic inlay on the dome. On his death, Charlemagne's remains were interred in the cathedral and can be seen there to this day. The cathedral was extended several times in later ages, turning it into a curious and unique mixture of building styles. The

2117:, while the 30th Infantry Division completed the encirclement of Aachen on 16 October 1944. With reinforcements from the US 28th Infantry Division the battle continued involving direct assaults through the heavily defended city, which forced the German garrison to surrender on 21 October 1944. 259: 5552:) is one of the world's foremost performing arts schools and one of the largest music institutions for higher education in Europe with one of its three campuses in Aachen. The Aachen campus substantially contributes to the Opera/Musical Theatre master's programme by collaborating with the 4825:. For 600 years, from 936 to 1531, Aachen Cathedral was the church of coronation for 30 German kings and 12 queens. The church built by Charlemagne is still the main attraction of the city. In addition to holding the remains of its founder, it became the burial place of his successor 2437:

as a result of poor heat exchange, both because of the area's natural geography and from human activity. The city's numerous cold air corridors, which are slated to remain as free as possible from new construction, therefore play an important role in the urban climate of Aachen.

2101:(2008), two Allied air raids on 11 April and 24 May 1944 "radically destroyed" the city. The first killed 1,525, including 212 children, and bombed six hospitals. During the second, 442 aircraft hit two railway stations, killed 207, and left 15,000 homeless. The raids destroyed 2391: mi) the Netherlands. The highest point in Aachen, located in the far southeast of the city, lies at an elevation of 410 m (1,350 ft) above sea level. The lowest point, in the north, and on the border with the Netherlands, is at 125 m (410 ft). 2112:

The city and its fortified surroundings were besieged from 12 September to 21 October 1944 by the US 1st Infantry Division with the 3rd Armored Division assisting from the south. Around 13 October the US 2nd Armored Division, coming from the north, and got as close as

5125:(marching gate), close to the central railway station. There are also a few parts of both medieval city walls left, most of them integrated into more recent buildings, but some others still visible. There are even five towers left, some of which are used for housing. 5529:, construction engineering, mechanical engineering or electrical engineering. German and international students are educated in more than 20 international or foreign-oriented programmes and can acquire German as well as international degrees (Bachelor/Master) or 2057: 2055: 2053: 5051:, a tour programme by which historical sights of Aachen are presented to visitors. At the city hall, a museum exhibition explains the history and art of the building and gives a sense of the historical coronation banquets that took place there. A portrait of 6501: 1212: 2056: 5874:, respectively. ASEAG is one of the main participants in the Aachener Verkehrsverbund (AVV), a tariff association in the region. Along with ASEAG, city bus routes of Aachen are served by private contractors such as Sadar, Taeter, Schlömer, or 1601:

came to spend Christmas at Aachen for the first time. He remained there in a mansion which he may have extended, although there is no source attesting to any significant building activity at Aachen in his time, apart from the building of the

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By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation had swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the remains of the city's medieval constitution were kept in place until 1801, when Aachen became the

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Aachen was the first German city to be captured by the Western Allies, and its residents welcomed the soldiers as liberators. What remained of the city was destroyed—in some areas completely—during the fighting, mostly by American

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is one of the most famous sights of Aachen. It is a neo-classical hall covering one of the city's famous fountains. It is just a minute away from the cathedral. Just a few steps in a south-easterly direction lies the 19th-century

1518:, around 124 AD. Grenus refers to the Celtic god, and it seems it was the Roman 6th Legion at the start of the 1st century AD that first channelled the hot springs into a spa at Büchel, adding at the end of the same century the 1593:) ("and celebrated the birth of the Lord in the town Aquis, and similarly Easter"), which must have been sufficiently equipped to support the royal household for several months. In the year of his coronation as king of the 6550:

Temperature data for Aachen have been recorded since 1891. The weather station data used from 1 January 1891 to 31 March 2011 came from Aachen weather station, and temperature data from 1 April 2011 to the present are from

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spa, two water pipelines, and a probable sanctuary dedicated to Grannus. A kind of forum, surrounded by colonnades, connected the two spa complexes. There was an extensive residential area. The Romans built bathhouses near

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is in dispute as some say Charlemagne himself endowed his chapel with the original collection, while the rest were collected over time. Others say all of the objects were collected over time, from such places as

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in 1939, many Jews had emigrated or were arrested, and only 782 remained in the city. At the end of the war in 1945, only 62 Jews lived in the city. As of 2003, 1,434 Jews were again living in Aachen.

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is Europe's largest single-building hospital. Aachen's industries include science, engineering and information technology. In 2009, Aachen was ranked eighth among cities in Germany for innovation.

6030:, 1845. The poem is a first-person narrative told, in breathless galloping meter, by one of three riders; an urgent midnight errand to deliver "the news which alone could save Aix from her fate". 5090:, is one of the oldest non-religious buildings in central Aachen. It hosted the city archive, and before that, the Grashaus was the city hall until the present building took over this function. 5507:

with strong emphasis on technological research, especially for electrical and mechanical engineering, computer sciences, physics, and chemistry. The university clinic attached to the RWTH, the

671: 6625: 6308: 5181:, which is dedicated to newspapers from the 16th century to the present. The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th- and early 20th-century manufacturing sites in the city. 5002:. Continuing the tradition, objects continued to be donated until the present, each indicative of the period of its gifting, with the last documented gift being a chalice from 1960 made by 1185: 705: 9852: 7836: 11004: 8286: 10580: 2234:(Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), known especially for mechanical engineering, automotive and manufacturing technology as well as for its research and academic hospital 1637:

as a gift for the emperor. After Charlemagne's death, he was buried in the church which he had built; his original tomb has been lost, while his alleged remains are preserved in the

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was opened, and in 1895 it was electrified. In the 19th century and up to the 1930s, the city was important in the production of railway locomotives and carriages, iron, pins,

8130: 8357: 7804: 7119:"Women's Rights, Nationalist Anxiety, and the "Moral" Agenda in the Early Weimar Republic: Revisiting the "Black Horror" Campaign against France's African Occupation Troops" 4946:. 210 documented pieces have been added to the treasury since its inception, typically to receive in return legitimisation of linkage to the heritage of Charlemagne. The 6934: 9341: 2452:

which is located at a similar latitude but at the heart of the North American landmass, far away from the sea's moderating effects, is classified as being in zone 3a.

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At the end of 2009, the foreign-born residents of Aachen made up 13.6 percent of the total population. A significant portion of foreign residents are students at the

5511:, is the biggest single-building hospital in Europe. Over time, a host of software and computer industries have developed around the university. It also maintains a 5312:

In June 2010, Achim Kampker, together with Günther Schuh, founded a small company to develop electric powered light utility vehicles; in August 2014, it was renamed

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A Hand-book for Travellers on the Continent: Being a Guide Through Holland, Belgium, Prussia, and Northern Germany, and Along the Rhine, from Holland to Switzerland

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The Aachen city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

108: 11669: 8104: 5632:—a couple of metres down the road. The building work for the stadium which has a capacity of 32,960, began in May 2008 and was completed by the beginning of 2009. 2189: 2154: 1613:

Charlemagne spent most winters in Aachen between 792 and his death in 814. Aachen became the focus of his court and the political centre of his empire. During the

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The Ladies in Black women's volleyball team (part of the "PTSV Aachen" sports club since 2013) has played in the first German volleyball league (DVL) since 2008.

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The January average is 3.0 °C (37 °F), while the July average is 18.5 °C (65 °F). Precipitation is almost evenly spread throughout the year.

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office holders in Aachen and went as far as expelling them from the city. From the early 16th century, Aachen started to lose its power and influence. First the

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were formed from upper Cretaceous sand and chalk deposits. More recent sedimentation is mainly located in the north and east of Aachen and was formed through

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style typical of the region, a synagogue, a collection of statues and monuments, park areas, cemeteries, among others. Among the museums in the town are the

1806: 9234: 8241: 7853: 7427: 2070:, Aachen was occupied by the Allies until 1930, along with the rest of German territory west of the Rhine. Aachen was one of the locations involved in the 9278: 7874:

Die Post will ihren gesamten Fuhrpark auf Elektro-Autos umstellen. Bis dahin dauert es noch. Einen wichtigen Schritt hat das Unternehmen nun aber gemacht.

1643:, the shrine where he was reburied after being declared a saint; his saintliness, however, was never officially acknowledged by the Roman Curia as such. 11034: 9945: 6597: 5443: 3796: 8489: 2418:

and its subsequent prevailing westerly weather patterns, rainfall in Aachen (on average 805 mm/year) is comparatively higher than, for example, in

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In the 1991-2020 period, the last freeze (at 2 m above ground) of spring occcured on April 28th and the first fall freeze on October 13th, on average.

7950: 7483: 1751:, subject to the emperor only, but was politically far too weak to influence the policies of any of its neighbours. The only dominion it had was over 10962: 10566: 8332: 6615: 5036:(between city hall and cathedral). The coronation hall is on the first floor of the building. Inside one can find five frescoes by the Aachen artist 3728: 3684: 1771: 9394: 8270: 6648:"Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2023 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 9. Mai 2011" 6552: 6021: 5936:. It is located around 15 nautical miles (28 kilometres; 17 miles) northwest of Aachen. There is a shuttle-service between Aachen and the airport. 3906:, since 2020. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows: 3631: 1767: 8390: 7461: 1889:

prostitution. Traces of this hidden agenda of the city's history are found in the 18th-century guidebooks to Aachen as well as to the other spas.

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may have been produced in Aachen. In addition, quantities of the other texts in the court library were also produced locally. During the reign of

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The first horse tram line in Aachen opened in December 1880. After electrification in 1895, it attained a maximum length of 213.5 kilometres (

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had a castle residence built in the town, due to the proximity of the hot springs and also for strategic reasons as it is located between the

11639: 10987: 9859: 9069: 8294: 8178: 5525:, Aachen University of Applied Sciences (AcUAS) was founded in 1971. The AcUAS offers a classic engineering education in professions such as 3774: 1801:(814–840), substantial quantities of ancient texts were produced at Aachen, including legal manuscripts such as the leges scriptorium group, 350: 315: 9194: 10957: 7562: 3766: 2137:

was largely unscathed. 4,000 inhabitants remained in the city; the rest had followed evacuation orders. Its first Allied-appointed mayor,

10063: 6000:, for his special personal contribution to co-operation with the states of Europe, for the preservation of peace, freedom, democracy and 3718: 3220:

up to the mountainous area near Aachen, bringing with it clay, sand, and chalk deposits. While the clay (which was the basis for a major

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The geology of Aachen is very structurally heterogeneous. The oldest occurring rocks in the area surrounding the city originate from the

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was absent. Odo relinquished it and was killed afterwards. The palace and town of Aachen had fortifying walls built by order of Emperor

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floor still visible. The 13th century saw gables being added to the roof, and after the fire of 1656, the dome was rebuilt. Finally, a

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Regardless of official statistical designations, there are 50 neighbourhoods and communities within Aachen, here arranged by district:

7887: 11624: 9459: 9367: 9019: 6651: 5504: 3792: 3788: 9596: 2011:. The city was one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century. Administered within the 1499:(around 1600 BC) settlement is evidenced by the remains of barrows (burial mounds) found, for example, on the Klausberg. During the 10982: 8820:

Gaehde, Joachim E. (1996). "Aachen: Buildings: Palatine Chapel: Sculpture and Treasury". In Turner, Jane; Brigstocke, Hugh (eds.).

8126: 7812: 5235: 10952: 10547: 10072: 8783: 8203: 5624:, after its promotion in 2006. However, the team could not sustain its status and is now back in the third division. The stadium 5543: 733: 58: 9796: 1554:(AD 375–383). Rome withdrew its troops from the area, but the town remained populated. By 470, the town came to be ruled by the 10937: 5823:

miles) in 1915, thus becoming the fourth-longest tram network in Germany. Many tram lines extended to the surrounding towns of

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that belong to the Rurgraben fault system, which has been responsible for numerous earthquakes in the past, including the 1756

10558: 6008:'s efforts to unite Europe were honoured with an "Extraordinary Charlemagne Medal", which was awarded for the only time ever. 2298:, are both located about 20 km (12 mi) from Aachen city centre. Aachen lies near the head of the open valley of the 9505: 9444: 9437:

World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946

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which show legendary scenes from the life of Charlemagne, as well as Charlemagne's signature. Also, precious replicas of the

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The Aachen Rathaus, (English: Aachen City Hall or Aachen Town Hall) dated from 1330, lies between two central squares, the

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Roman civil administration in Aachen eventually broke down as the baths and other public buildings (along with most of the

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use a syrup made from sugar. Today, a soft version is sold under the same name which follows an entirely different recipe.

5158:), 9 November 1938, was reinaugurated on 18 May 1995. One of the contributors to the reconstructions of the synagogue was 11603: 10972: 10532: 6690: 5143:. The rich façade remained unfinished until 1891, when the architect Peter Friedrich Peters added to it. The church is a 8096: 8057: 4829:. In the upper chamber of the gallery, Charlemagne's marble throne is housed. Aachen Cathedral has been designated as a 11644: 11019: 10932: 10740: 10028: 8810: 6313: 4347: 4002: 3209:. After this event, and over the course of the following 200 million years, this area has been continuously flattened. 1976: 1920: 1908: 9139:

McKitterick, Rosamond D. (1996). "Aachen: Centre of Manuscript Production". In Turner, Jane; Brigstocke, Hugh (eds.).

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The city's oceanic climate provides comparably mild winters: While Aachen falls within the coldest extents covered by

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times (3000–2500 BC), attest to the long occupation of the site of Aachen, as do recent finds under the modern city's

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Aachen Cathedral Treasury has housed, throughout its history, a collection of liturgical objects. The origin of this

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on the southerly air currents, which results from the city's geographic location on the northern edge of the Eifel.

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Bischoff, Bernhard (1981). "Die Hofbibliothek Karls des Grossen and Die Hofbibliothek unter Ludwig dem Frommen ".

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8b in the 1991-2020 period, having an average yearly minimum of -9.22 °C (15.4 °F), the Canadian city of

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As the westernmost city in Germany (and close to the Low Countries), Aachen and the surrounding area belongs to a

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were crowned in Aachen. The original audience hall built by Charlemagne was torn down and replaced by the current

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in the Netherlands lies nearby at about 6 km (4 mi) from Aachen's city centre, while the Dutch city of

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Aachen was an important site for the production of historical manuscripts. Under Charlemagne's purview, both the

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and the great fire of 1656. After the destruction of most of the city in 1656, the rebuilding was mostly in the

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meeting of the world and among horsemen is considered to be as prestigious for equitation as the tournament of

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The local speciality of Aachen is an originally hard type of sweet bread, baked in large flat loaves, called

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Aachen is the administrative centre for the coal-mining industries in neighbouring places to the northeast.

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Aachen has 245,885 inhabitants (as of 31 December 2015), of whom 118,272 are female, and 127,613 are male.

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10% of total manufacturing jobs in the city. There have been a number of spin-offs from the university's

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The 25-hectare Roman spa resort town of Aquae Granni was, according to legend, founded by Grenus, under

11634: 10852: 10599: 10049: 9618:. Baedeker's Guide Books (17th ed.). Leipzig, Germany: Karl Baedeker, Publishers. pp. 12–15. 6149: 6039: 5981:) to personalities of outstanding service to the unification of Europe. It is traditionally awarded on 5871: 5393:

in Germany, opened from 19 October 1959 until 1992. Klaus Quirini as DJ Heinrich was the first DJ ever.

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empire, a Jewish community lived near the royal palace. In Jewish texts, the city of Aachen was called

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As before, the city hall is the seat of the mayor of Aachen and of the city council, and annually the

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in 1330. During the 13th century, many Jews converted to Christianity, as shown in the records of the

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The city of Aachen has developed into a technology hub as a by-product of hosting one of the leading

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Most of the marble and columns used in the construction of the cathedral were brought from Rome and

3746: 3663: 1532: 767:. It is the westernmost larger city in Germany, lying approximately 61 km (38 mi) west of 11253: 6528:

This is in dispute, as some history books state that Charlemagne was in fact born in Aachen in 742.

6283: 5460: 5140: 4795: 3272: 3159: 2422:(with 669 mm/year). Another factor in the local weather forces of Aachen is the occurrence of 664: 9065: 8182: 4959: 9186: 8917:. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. pp. 6097: 5905:

near the city centre). There are plans to eliminate traffic jams at the Aachen road interchange.

5338:, which started producing the e.GO Life electric passenger car and other vehicles in April 2019. 5174: 4935: 4447: 4020: 3584: 3198: 2430: 2227: 1066: 882: 542: 132: 20: 11303: 10778: 9920: 9343:

Andreas Schaub explains the archaeological record in court in Archäologie am Hof. City of Aachen

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In June 2022, the local basketball club BG Aachen e.V. was promoted to the 1st regional league.

1911:(often referred to as the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English) on 2 May 1668, leading to the 845:

at the transition to the 9th century, Aachen was constituted as the main royal residence of the

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McClendon, Charles B. (1996a). "Aachen: Buildings". In Turner, Jane; Brigstocke, Hugh (eds.).

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purchased the StreetScooter company from Günther, operating it as a wholly owned subsidiary.

5223: 5151: 5144: 3878: 3580: 2279: 2185: 1988: 1893: 1503:, the area was settled by Celtic peoples who were perhaps drawn by the marshy Aachen basin's 994:, meaning "water" or "stream", which directly translates (and etymologically corresponds) to 513: 146: 125: 3614:: 10 Markt, 13 Theater, 14 Lindenplatz, 15 St. Jakob, 16 Westpark, 17 Hanbruch, 18 Hörn, 21 2410:), with humid weather, mild winters, and warm summers. Because of its location north of the 1960: 11649: 11488: 10914: 10897: 10882: 10842: 10832: 10783: 10731: 10223: 10013: 5996:

The International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen was awarded in the year 2000 to US president

5828: 5686: 5613: 5170: 4815: 4808: 4564: 4126: 3830: 3622:, 24 Jülicher Straße, 25 Kalkofen, 31 Kaiserplatz, 32 Adalbertsteinweg, 33 Panneschopp, 34 2449: 2008: 1980: 1881: 1870: 1662: 874: 523: 416: 11573: 10798: 9455: 9027: 5766:. Slower trains stop at these. Aachen West has gained in importance with the expansion of 3638:

Kurgarten, 43 Burtscheid Abbey, 46 Burtscheid Steinebrück, 47 Marschiertor, 48 Hangeweiher

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removed the ownership of Aachen and the entire "left bank" of the Rhine from Germany (the

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and the recently established musical theatre chair through the Rheinische Opernakademie.

5447: 5321: 4999: 4951: 4939: 1996: 1846: 1388: 1382: 1357: 1294: 934: 170: 160: 11293: 10817: 10763: 5211: 5147:

church today, but the building is used also for concerts because of its good acoustics.

2302:(which today flows through the city in canalised form), part of the larger basin of the 11674: 11473: 11361: 11035: 10892: 10793: 10788: 9890: 9534:

Young, Margaret Walsh; Stetler, Susan L., eds. (1987). "Germany, Federal Republic of".

8510: 8432: 5798: 5273: 4919: 4903: 4754: 4412: 4056: 3734: 3647: 3592: 2255: 2102: 2004: 1972: 1968: 1932: 1748: 1709: 1467: 1105: 918: 914: 903: 866: 685: 215: 47: 11268: 10827: 10691: 10283: 9781: 9647:] (in German). Vol. III. Stuttgart, Germany: A. Hiersemann. pp. 149–186. 9415: 8199: 7395:"Wetter und Klima - Deutscher Wetterdienst - Leistungen - Frühester / spätester Frost" 5370:

In 1372, Aachen became the first coin-minting city in the world to regularly place an

2075: 1940: 1907:

Aachen was chosen as the site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the

756: 11046: 11041: 10862: 10768: 10753: 10748: 10434: 10319: 9962: 9828: 9768: 9747: 9726: 9692: 9682: 9661: 9619: 9602: 9583: 9543: 9520: 9501: 9482: 9453: 9440: 9259: 9219: 9211: 9171: 9154: 9144: 9127: 9117: 9100: 9090: 9050: 8989: 8982: 8966: 8959: 8943: 8937: 8922: 8858: 8835: 8825: 8806: 8715: 8690: 8667: 8650: 8640: 8621: 8600: 8518: 8476: 8457: 8438: 8365: 7537: 7520: 7510: 7138: 6288: 6253: 6005: 5952: 5925: 5917: 5898: 5786:, in the north-west of the city, and Aachen Wilmersdorfer Straße, in the north-east. 5762: 5706: 5694: 5300: 5284: 5071: 3838: 3078: 3030: 2434: 2400: 1992: 1964: 1916: 1885: 1874: 1794: 1713: 1686: 1535:. Today, remains have been found of three bathhouses, including two fountains in the 886: 870: 788: 421: 392: 11163: 5669:. In 1905, it was moved closer to the city centre. It serves main lines to Cologne, 5064: 4239: 3854: 3667: 11597: 11133: 10902: 10877: 10867: 10857: 10812: 10803: 10439: 9372: 7130: 6620: 6515:

This audio file is Andreas Schaub explaining the archaeological record in court in

6410: 6404: 6342: 6273: 6245: 6136: 5894: 5714: 5617: 5583: 5512: 5413: 5187: 5132: 5041: 4987: 4943: 4882: 4800: 4749: 3252: 3206: 2246: 2181: 2134: 2071: 2046: 1721: 1697: 1607: 1562:. During the Roman period, Aachen was the site of a flourishing Jewish community. 1555: 1547: 1452: 1439: 1431: 1412: 1258: 1132: 1126: 1113: 1042: 950: 938: 854: 842: 622: 409: 404: 188: 99: 83: 79: 10041: 9679:

Aquae Granni: Contributions to Archaeology of Aachen: Excavations of the Rhineland

9085:

McClendon, Charles B. (1996). "Aachen". In Turner, Jane; Brigstocke, Hugh (eds.).

8775: 5971:

Since 1950, a committee of Aachen citizens annually awards the Charlemagne Prize (

5533:(double degrees). Foreign students account for more than 21% of the student body. 5269: 5159: 3817:

The following cities and communities border Aachen, clockwise from the northwest:

3562: 1943:; the city of Aachen deployed its handful of soldiers to chase away road-diggers. 11629: 11388: 11378: 11103: 10887: 10837: 9895: 9627: 9495: 9044: 9004: 8800: 8705: 8177:

Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (2009).

7840: 6601: 6494: 6336: 6017: 5852: 5802: 5508: 5257: 4890: 4853: 4477: 3740: 3653: 3607:

The districts of Aachen, including their constituent statistical districts, are:

3205:

geological period, these rock layers were narrowed and folded as a result of the

2403: 2235: 2138: 2025: 2000: 1873:

style. The decline of Aachen culminated in 1794, when the French, led by General

1798: 1646: 1630: 1570: 1546:

of the surrounding countryside) were destroyed around AD 375 at the start of the

1543: 1349: 1336: 1205: 1069:

built there in the late 8th century and then made the city his empire's capital.

1058: 986: 846: 504: 5739:, a regional railway system, reaches several minor cities in the Aachen region. 5020: 5003: 4848:

was placed inside, along with an equestrian statue from Ravenna, believed to be

1003:, referring to the springs. The location has been inhabited by humans since the 11528: 11323: 11298: 11093: 10464: 9885: 9003:

Jourdan, Antoine Jacques Louis (1821). Panckoucke, Charles-Louis-Fleury (ed.).

7369: 6929: 6538: 6217: 6092: 5986: 5553: 5347: 5099: 5015: 4915: 4899: 4791: 3944: 3895: 3724: 3657: 3641: 3256: 3194: 2445: 2315: 2130: 2012: 1842: 1717: 1239: 1178: 1161: 1153: 1140: 1092: 1008: 942: 910: 858: 760: 698: 690: 677: 442: 140: 11113: 10484: 7134: 5646: 5485: 5390: 2262:, the highest elevation in Aachen and of the European part of the Netherlands. 11618: 11318: 10652: 10233: 10228: 8061: 7972:

Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science 2009

7524: 7142: 6258: 6231: 6144: 6110: 5982: 5964: 5598: 5435: 5313: 5155: 5037: 3862: 3229: 3202: 3175: 2862: 2209: 2173: 2029: 881:. It served as the coronation site where 31 Holy Roman Emperors were crowned 878: 853:. Because of that the city is sometimes called "cradle of Europe". After the 365: 352: 115: 11403: 11342: 11283: 11218: 11203: 10642: 10132: 9725:]. Aachener Kunstblätter (in German). Düsseldorf, Germany: L. Schwann. 9258:. Vol. I: A – Ang (First ed.). Danbury, CT: Grolier Incorporated. 8782:. Vol. 1: Aach – Apocalyptic Lit. New York, NY: KTAV Publishing House. 5726: 5472: 3850: 3700: 3147: 11684: 11513: 11508: 11483: 11398: 10414: 10203: 9993: 9880: 9631: 8942:. Vol. 1: The Reformation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8871: 8437:. Perspectives on the Twentieth Century. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. 7549: 6170: 5997: 5990: 5875: 5824: 5718: 5526: 5439: 4975: 4947: 4818: 4804: 3818: 3611: 3576: 3264: 3248: 2214: 2090: 1967:) and granted it to France. In 1815, control of the town was passed to the 1682: 1674: 1651: 1639: 1018: 892:

One of Germany's leading institutes of higher education in technology, the

862: 811: 10444: 10354: 10349: 9675:

Aquae Granni: Beiträge zur Archäologie von Aachen: Rheinische Ausgrabungen

8729: 8707:

Annales D'Eginhard; Vie de Charlemagne. Des Faits Et Gestes de Charlemagne

7738: 6616:"Koalitionsvertrag: Grüne und Rote geben jetzt in Aachen die Richtung vor" 5575: 5357: 1833: 11568: 11433: 11313: 11273: 11233: 10329: 9905: 9494:

Van der Meer, Willemina; Richter, Elisabeth; Opitz, Helmut, eds. (1998).

9316: 8712:

Annals of Eginhard Life of Charlemagne. Facts and gestures of Charlemagne

8456:. Vol. I A-Anjou (1st ed.). Danbury, CT: Grolier Incorporated. 6263: 6056: 6004:, and for his support of the enlargement of the European Union. In 2004, 5735: 5590: 5560: 5500: 5424: 5397: 5386: 5371: 5335: 5242: 4974:

donated the candelabrum that adorns the dome and also once "crowned" the

4927: 4841: 4787: 4763: 3780: 3750: 3680: 3471: 3276: 2423: 2259: 2231: 2067: 1778: 1756: 1739:, Aachen remained a city of regional importance, due to its proximity to 1736: 1626: 1614: 1598: 1062: 954: 850: 838: 834: 780: 93: 11591: 11518: 10519: 10018: 8904:. Vol. I: A to Ameland (1st ed.). New York, NY: P. F. Collier. 8552: 8533: 8405: 7995: 3822: 2114: 2015:, by 1880 the population was 80,000. Starting in 1838, the railway from 592: 11538: 11503: 11498: 11418: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11168: 11138: 11098: 10706: 10686: 10489: 10479: 10469: 10409: 10394: 10389: 10374: 10288: 9988: 9983: 9910: 9486: 8881: 8753:

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Development (2013).

8531: 8480: 8380: 7983: 7767: 7598: 7484:"Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" 7462:"Extremwertanalyse der DWD-Stationen, Tagesmaxima, Dekadenrekorde, usw" 6673:"Zensus 2022: Stadt Aachen gewinnt 10.941 Einwohner*innen – 06/25/2024" 6557: 6071: 5933: 5879: 5730: 5713:

trains from Paris to Cologne also stop at Aachen Central Station. Four

5690: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5579: 5480: 5316:

GmbH. This started as a privately organised research initiative at the

4906:

objects have remained, and of those only three are left in Aachen: the

4857: 4822: 4502: 4074: 3866: 3826: 3801: 3710: 3690: 3635: 3623: 3260: 3241: 3213: 2106: 1901: 1854: 1752: 1634: 1625:(אש). In 797, Isaac, a Jewish merchant, accompanied two ambassadors of 1524: 1504: 1496: 1165: 922: 748: 596:

location of Aachen in the Meuse (Dutch and German: Maas) river system (

530: 509: 434: 198: 10701: 10696: 10424: 10278: 9837: 9519:. European History in Perspective. Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 9418:[Charlemagne Prize winner Grybauskaite: Does your homework!]. 6162: 5169:, a few remarkable 17th- and 18th-century buildings in the particular 1821: 1072:

The city is known by a variety of different names in other languages:

818:

around the 1st century. After the withdrawal of the Roman troops, the

182: 154: 11548: 11533: 11228: 11198: 11178: 11158: 11088: 10721: 10711: 10612: 10514: 10474: 10454: 10449: 10379: 10334: 10303: 10298: 10263: 10238: 10188: 10162: 10157: 10142: 10008: 9458:[The 250th Anniversary of the Düren earthquake] (in German). 8988:. Vol. 3: 1840–1945. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8965:. Vol. 2: 1648–1840. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 8554: 6175: 5522: 5419: 5328: 5166: 5136: 4895: 4844:

in which Charlemagne was eventually laid to rest. A bronze bear from

3217: 3216:

period, the ocean penetrated the continent from the direction of the

3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3156: 3152: 2415: 2307: 2251: 2184:

of the city offered an homage in its synagogue to the Prussian king,

2126: 2122: 1951: 1862: 1810: 1802: 1728:

during his coronation ceremony. The last king to be crowned here was

1574: 1488: 1004: 830: 740: 609: 10258: 8666:(2nd Revised ed.). New York, NY: Harper & Row, Publishers. 5794: 5537:

only programme of study in Germany especially designed for mothers.

5365:(Karneval, Fasching), in which families dress in colourful costumes. 1904:

become the most important object of cures at Aachen and Burtscheid.

989: 11443: 11423: 11408: 11258: 11208: 11118: 11078: 10716: 10637: 10632: 10499: 10339: 10273: 10213: 10208: 10183: 10122: 9998: 9601:(5th ed.). London, UK: John Murray and Son. pp. 216–222. 8289:[Aachen – City Roman Baths: Life in a Roman thermal bath]. 8287:"Aachen – römische Bäderstadt: Badeleben in einer römischen Therme" 8220: 8218: 8019: 7449:

Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Development 2013

6268: 6196: 5891: 5710: 5698: 5401: 5379: 5362: 5052: 4983: 4955: 4849: 3874: 3237: 3233: 3171: 3163: 2462:

Climate data for Aachen (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1891–present)

2129:

defenders. Damaged buildings included medieval churches of and the

2079: 1897: 1775: 1740: 1677:

in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne. During the reign of

1500: 1484: 1307: 1035:

god of healing who was worshipped at the springs. This word became

946: 930: 925:

influences from the dialects in the neighbouring Netherlands. As a

11413: 10344: 9767:] (in German). Vol. II–IV. Berlin, Germany: B. Cassirer. 9116:. Vol. 1: A to Anckerman. New York, NY: Grove. pp. 1–4. 8824:. Vol. 1: A to Anckerman. New York, NY: Grove. pp. 4–5. 8664:

The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present

8197: 8007: 5342:

electric light utility vehicle manufacturer in Europe, surpassing

3268: 3263:. Additionally, the subsurface of Aachen is traversed by numerous 1724:(today's Cathedral). In 1486, the Jews of Aachen offered gifts to 1581:

mentions that in 765–766 Pepin spent both Christmas and Easter at

11563: 11493: 11478: 11458: 11428: 11393: 11308: 11153: 11143: 11108: 10681: 10672: 10627: 10459: 10404: 10324: 10293: 10253: 10152: 10147: 10127: 10096: 10091: 10003: 9978: 9580:

The Rhine: Its Scenery, and Historical and Legendary Associations

6925:"Baghdad, Jerusalem, Aachen – On the Trail of the White Elephant" 6572: 6131: 5832: 5702: 5682: 5678: 5343: 5107: 4911: 4837: 4783: 3870: 3834: 3784: 3721:, Ronheide, Rosviertel, Rothe Erde, Stadtmitte, Steinebrück, West 3714: 3615: 3435: 3381: 3363: 3228:) is mostly found in the lower areas of Aachen, the hills of the 3221: 2321:

The maximum dimensions of the city's territory are 21.6 km (

2287: 2083: 2020: 2016: 1678: 1594: 1578: 1559: 1551: 1515: 1508: 1028: 926: 805: 776: 768: 385: 9772: 9751: 9730: 9696: 9665: 9623: 9606: 9587: 9158: 9131: 9104: 8839: 8654: 8155: 7355: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 4794:, both in quality and authority. It was originally built in the 3566:

Age distribution of Aachen's population next to Germany's (2014)

1633:. He returned to Aachen in July 802, bearing an elephant called 11558: 11448: 11438: 11278: 11188: 11148: 10617: 10494: 10243: 10218: 10193: 10117: 10101: 10086: 9960: 8900:

Held, Colbert C. (1997). "Aachen". In Johnston, Bernard (ed.).

7507:

Faulting, Fracturing and Igneous Intrusion in the Earth's Crust

6191: 6157: 6123: 6079: 6066: 5840: 5496:

Another example of Aachen early 20th-century Gründerzeit houses

5400:

scene is among the most notable in Germany, with such bands as

4931: 3846: 3842: 3453: 3417: 3309: 3225: 2349: mi) from east to west. The city limits are 87.7 km ( 2062:

Films shot on 13, 14 and 15 October 1944 in Aachen by US forces

1759: 1589:

Et celebravit natalem Domini in Aquis villa et pascha similiter

826: 9740:

Geschichtliches Aachen: Von Werden und Wesen einer Reichsstadt

9454:

University of Cologne, Seismological Station Bensberg (2013).

9170:. Vol. I: A (1st ed.). Chicago, IL: World Book Inc. 8857:] (in German). Aachen, Germany: Meyer + Meyer Fachverlag. 5901:(north-south) and A544 (a smaller motorway from the A4 to the 4790:. Charlemagne also desired for the chapel to compete with the 3604:

purposes, with each sub-district named by a two-digit number.

1829:

by the Spanish Army of Flanders under Ambrogio Spinola in 1614

1708:

between 1172 and 1176. Over the next 500 years, most kings of

634: 11523: 11463: 11453: 11373: 11073: 10657: 10647: 10504: 10429: 10419: 10369: 10359: 10268: 10137: 9500:. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). K G Saur Verlag Gmbh & Co. 8517:. Vol. I: A-L. New York, NY: Fact on File Publications. 7854:"Streetscooter – Der tausendste Elektro-Transporter der Post" 6784: 6438: 6430: 6118: 6105: 6084: 5848: 5836: 5674: 3858: 3619: 3489: 3399: 3345: 3327: 2411: 2311: 2303: 2291: 2283: 2266: 1266: 1032: 995: 819: 799: 764: 744: 628: 605: 9744:

History of Aachen: From Will and Essence of an Imperial City

9416:"Karlspreis-Trägerin Grybauskaite: Macht eure Hausaufgaben!" 9166:

Merkl, Peter H. (2007). "Aachen". In Kobasa, Paul A. (ed.).

8637:

In Samuel's Image: Child Oblation in the Early Medieval West

2280:

the border tripoint of Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium

1747:

cloths, favoured by imperial privilege. The city remained a

11543: 11468: 10622: 10399: 10248: 10198: 9013:] (in French). Vol. 4. Paris: C. L. F. Panckoucke. 8757:[Issue of climate data: monthly data] (in German). 6459: 6447: 6416: 6379: 6370: 6362: 6348: 5939:

Recreational aviation is served by the (formerly military)

5722: 5375: 4845: 4775: 3587:

speech area to the north. Aachen's local dialect is called

3125: 2419: 2299: 1744: 772: 597: 9397:[Celtic glass and a Roman villa in Elisengarten]. 8471:

Bridgwater, W.; Aldrich, Beatrice, eds. (1968). "Aachen".

7538:

University of Cologne, Seismological Station Bensberg 2013

6435: 6367: 5283:

Products manufactured in Aachen include electrical goods,

3275:, which was the strongest earthquake ever recorded in the 1661:

Presentation of the four "Great Relics" during the Aachen

10509: 9822: 9808:

Music and Ritual at Charlemagne's Marienkirche in Aachen.

9395:"Keltisches Glas und eine römische Villa im Elisengarten" 8475:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 6575:, now continued by borough Aachen-Kornelimünster/Walheim. 5334:

In 2015, Günther founded a new electric vehicle company,

2429:

Because the city is surrounded by hills, it suffers from

2188:. In 1862, a large synagogue was built, later called the 1550:. The last Roman coin finds are from the time of Emperor 829:

around the 5th century. This was followed by a period of

752: 601: 9493: 9006:

Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales: Biographie Médicale

8434:

American Soldiers Overseas: The Global Military Presence

8084:

Robert Browning's Poetry: Authoritative Texts. Criticism

8031: 7888:"Even Germany's post office is building an electric car" 6541:, as the dates used for the construction were 1334–1349. 4954:

and multiple additional Byzantine silks were donated by

9681:] (in German). Cologne, Germany: Rheinland-verlag. 8728: 7860:. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung GmbH. 23 August 2016. 7089: 9782:"Carolingian Uncial: A Context for the Lothar Psalter" 9616:

The Rhine, including the Black Forest & the Vosges

9293: 9272: 6864: 5967:, wearing the Charlemagne Prize awarded to her in 2008 4990:, and, in 1481, another arm reliquary of Charlemagne. 2213:

in 1938, the synagogue was destroyed. By the onset of

1495:

pointing to a former settlement from the same period.

9066:"Aachen: Synagoge und Gemeindezentrum Synagogenplatz" 8855:

From Aachen to Bielefeld – From Tivoli to the Pasture

7935: 7098: 7044: 7042: 7040: 6474: 6465: 6462: 6456: 6422: 6419: 6413: 6391: 6354: 6351: 6345: 652: 631: 9660:] (in German). Düsseldorf, Germany: L. Schwann. 9439:(2nd ed.). Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. 9143:. Vol. 1: A to Anckerman. New York, NY: Grove. 9089:. Vol. 1: A to Anckerman. New York, NY: Grove. 8872:

Geological Survey of North Rhine-Westphalia (2013).

8309: 7694: 7692: 7505:

Anderson, Ernest Masson (2012). Healy, David (ed.).

6956: 6954: 6952: 6450: 6444: 6427: 6382: 6376: 6359: 6207: 5150:

The synagogue in Aachen, which was destroyed on the

5047:

Since 2009, the city hall has been a station on the

10071: 9712:] (in German). Düsseldorf, Germany: L. Schwann. 9651: 9517:

From Reich to Revolution: German History, 1558–1806

9298:[Internationalisation]. Aachen University. 8578:[Population as of] (in German). aachen.de. 7332:"AIX-LA-CHAPELLE (AACHEN) - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 7061: 7059: 7057: 6441: 6373: 5665:(Central Station), was constructed in 1841 for the 2238:, one of the largest medical facilities in Europe. 2032:, buttons, tobacco, woollen goods, and silk goods. 1979:took place in 1818, to decide the fate of occupied 1320: 902:), is located in the city. Its university hospital 739:Aachen is located at the northern foothills of the 625: 578: 11364:or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792 9652:Braunfels, Wolfgang; Schnitzler, H., eds. (1966). 8981: 8958: 8876:[Earthquake in Roermond on 13 April 1992] 8492:. Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from 8487: 8337:The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism 8264: 7037: 6604:, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 19 June 2021. 6571:Twinning started by then independent municipality 5503:, established as Polytechnicum in 1870, is one of 3713:, Forst, Frankenberg, Grüne Eiche, Hörn, Lintert, 1007:era, about 5,000 years ago, attracted to its warm 899:Rheinisch-Westfälisch Technische Hochschule Aachen 9746:] (in German). Aachen, Germany: M. Brimberg. 9011:Dictionary of Medical Sciences: Medical Biography 8553:Catholic University of Applied Sciences (2014a). 8470: 8406:American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (2013a). 8037: 7689: 7646: 6949: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6799: 5295: 5135:Collegium in 1628. It is attributed to the Rhine 2335: mi) from north to south, and 17.2 km ( 2306:, and about 30 km (19 mi) north of the 1487:, Schneeberg, and Königshügel, first used during 11616: 9370:[Dismay over Nazi attack on synagogue]. 8532:Catholic University of Applied Sciences (2014). 8381:American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (2013). 7619: 7550:Geological Survey of North Rhine-Westphalia 2013 7368:Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. 7367: 7054: 6022:How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 5989:. In 2016, the Charlemagne Award was awarded to 5442:in 2009, was named after the city. The official 5324:, the former Talbot/Bombardier plant in Aachen. 5177:, which has a fine sculpture collection and the 4811:was added around the start of the 15th century. 1743:; it achieved a modest position in the trade in 1368: 1362: 1299: 11670:Populated places established in the 1st century 7805:"Deutsche Post DHL acquires StreetScooter GmbH" 7509:. Vol. 367. Geological Society of London. 7424:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 7254: 7252: 6876: 6051:List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany 5105:Also of note are two remaining city gates, the 873:and was granted city rights in 1166 by Emperor 251: 9515:Wilson, Peter H. (2004). Black, Jeremy (ed.). 9314: 8689:] (in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 8594: 8573: 8355: 8242:"2thinknow Innovation Cities Global 256 Index" 8082:James F. Loucks, and Andrew M. Satuffer, eds. 7834:Deutsche Post DHL übernimmt StreetScooter GmbH 7710: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7625: 7594: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7015: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7005: 6820: 5864:Aachener Straßenbahn und Energieversorgungs-AG 5801:of the city's transit authority ASEAG, at the 5484:Typical Aachen street with early 20th-century 5165:There are numerous other notable churches and 5162:, the Lord Mayor of Aachen from 1989 to 2009. 4762:Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of 1131: 949:specialty for which the city is best known is 11020: 10574: 10057: 9946: 9853: 9474: 9049:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 8850:Von Aachen bis Bielefeld – Vom Tivoli zur Alm 8846: 8043: 8025: 7996:Catholic University of Applied Sciences 2014a 7599:Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen. 7215: 6907: 6905: 6903: 6748: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6044: 5851:. The Aachen tram system was linked with the 5835:as well as the Belgian and Dutch communes of 4596: 4537:Independent Voters' Association Aachen (UWG) 1444: 1423: 1399: 1250: 1118: 1036: 969:is a modern descendant, like southern German 841:rule. With the completion of the Carolingian 736:of Germany, with around 261,000 inhabitants. 9582:. London, UK: Jeremiah How. pp. 77–83. 9533: 9315:Schäfer, Burkhard; Schäfer, Sibylle (2010). 9046:The Cambridge Illustrated History of Germany 8219:Academy of Music and Dance Cologne (2014a). 7984:Catholic University of Applied Sciences 2014 7768:American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 2013 7725: 7563:"Aachen zählt jetzt mehr als 257.000 Bürger" 7249: 6810: 6808: 6708: 6706: 6704: 5541: 2250:View towards Aachen at the foothills of the 2207:. By 1933, 1,345 Jews lived in the city. On 1805:texts including the five manuscripts of the 1341: 1197: 1097: 1052: 1046: 970: 897: 40: 9779: 9703: 9413: 9368:"Bestürzung über Nazi-Attacke auf Synagoge" 9138: 8802:The Fire: The Bombing of Germany, 1940–1945 8662:Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1986). 8620:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. 8557:. Catholic University of Applied Sciences. 8536:. Catholic University of Applied Sciences. 8414:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 8389:. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 8198:Academy of Music and Dance Cologne (2014). 7658: 7585: 7065: 7002: 6199:, Russia (2005, suspended since March 2022) 5742:There are four smaller stations in Aachen: 5476:The main building of RWTH Aachen University 5241:Carolus Thermen, thermal baths named after 3812: 2377: mi) border Belgium and 21.8 km ( 2144: 2141:, was assassinated by an SS commando unit. 1587: 1283: 1277: 1271: 1230: 1224: 1170: 1145: 1022: 1012: 998: 929:city, Aachen is one of the main centres of 803: 759:, it is the only larger German city in the 719: 11027: 11013: 10589:Urban and rural districts in the state of 10581: 10567: 10064: 10050: 9953: 9939: 9860: 9846: 9827: 9456:"Zum 250. Jahrestag des Dürener Erdbebens" 9392: 9232: 9111: 8661: 8360:[Aachen: Again, More Unemployed]. 8223:(in German). Cologne University of Music. 8202:(in German). Cologne University of Music. 7910: 7698: 7652: 7155: 6972: 6960: 6900: 6882: 6778: 6730: 6294:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (disambiguation) 5121:mile) northwest of the cathedral, and the 3166:period below St. Adalbert Church in Aachen 1900:; only by the end of the 19th century had 889:became the preferred place of coronation. 10548:Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants 9759:Koehler, Wilhelm Reinhold Walter (1958). 9737: 9654:Karl der Grosse: Lebenswerk und Nachleben 9084: 8874:"Erdbeben bei Roermond am 13. April 1992" 8798: 8714:] (in French). Hachette Livre – Bnf. 8310:Wetter – Deutschland (4 September 2016). 8156:Aachen Department of Environment (2013). 7312: 7239: 6841: 6805: 6701: 6652:Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW 6595:Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020 5773: 4799:throne and gallery portion date from the 4243:Results of the 2020 city council election 2433:smog. Some areas of the city have become 9638: 9613: 9393:Schumacher, Wolfgang (23 January 2009). 9237:[Partner of Kladno] (in Czech). 9233:Pecinovský, Jindřich (1 December 2009). 9063: 8979: 8956: 8847:Gdawietz, Gregor; Leroi, Roland (2008). 8773: 8703: 8267:"The German Language and Its Many Forms" 8181:. RWTH Aachen University. Archived from 8020:Academy of Music and Dance Cologne 2014a 7779: 7721: 7719: 7636: 7634: 7543: 7531: 7504: 7227: 7203: 7179: 7167: 6894: 6870: 6691:"City Portrait Aachen – DW – 04/27/2007" 5956: 5793: 5645: 5595:Concours Hippique International Officiel 5574: 5491: 5479: 5471: 5356: 5299: 5268: 5179:Aachen Museum of the International Press 5019: 4877: 4852:, in contrast to a wolf and a statue of 4821:Charlemagne in 1165 the chapel became a 4774:798, the largest cathedral north of the 4753: 4238: 3699: 3561: 3146: 2265: 2245: 2148: 2125:fire and demolitions carried out by the 2050: 1950: 1832: 1820: 1784: 1656: 1645: 1381: 591: 9867: 9758: 9672: 9434: 9365: 9254:Ranson, K. Anne, ed. (1998). "Aachen". 9218:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 9042: 9002: 8935: 8908: 8805:. New York: Columbia University Press. 8634: 8452:Bayer, Patricia, ed. (2000). "Aachen". 8008:Academy of Music and Dance Cologne 2014 7791: 7306: 7294: 7282: 7270: 7258: 7104: 7077: 7031: 6996: 6984: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6613: 5853:Belgian national interurban tram system 4978:, which was placed underneath in 1215. 4110:Independent Voters' Association Aachen 3795:, Soers, Steppenberg, Vaalserquartier, 3783:: Gut Kullen, Kronenberg, Laurensberg, 2363: mi) long, of which 23.8 km ( 2274:Aachen is located in the middle of the 1896:for visiting patients, ironically, was 869:(870). It subsequently was part of the 783:in the northwest. The city lies in the 28:City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 16:City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany 11617: 9716: 9594: 9514: 9339: 9294:RWTH Aachen University (31 May 2016). 9253: 9184: 9017: 8819: 8616:Cohen, Saul B., ed. (1998). "Aachen". 8318:from the original on 20 September 2016 8314:[Aachen Weather] (in German). 8055: 8032:Van der Meer, Richter & Opitz 1998 7683: 7601:"Bevölkerung im Regierungsbezirk Köln" 7191: 7149: 7019: 6743: 6724: 6718: 5565:Ausbildungszentrum Technik Landsysteme 2310:, which form the northern edge of the 2086:. This republic lasted about a year. 1816: 1755:, a neighbouring territory ruled by a 1104: 684: 470:160.85 km (62.10 sq mi) 11358: 11057: 11008: 10562: 10045: 9934: 9841: 9565:Bibliography of the history of Aachen 9380:from the original on 10 November 2013 9241:from the original on 12 December 2018 9209: 9197:from the original on 17 February 2014 9165: 9072:from the original on 10 November 2013 8755:"Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte" 8740:from the original on 20 November 2008 8680: 8615: 8508: 8473:The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopædia 8451: 8430: 8393:from the original on 10 November 2013 8356:Aktualisierung, Letzte (2 May 2012). 8160:[Urban Climate] (in German). 7885: 7716: 7640: 7631: 7356:Aachen Department of Environment 2013 7318: 7048: 6966: 6937:from the original on 18 February 2020 6911: 6766: 6754: 6712: 6614:Peltzer, Albrecht (28 October 2022). 6493: 4867: 3913: 2270:Physiogeographical location of Aachen 1692:in 978. Aachen was attacked again by 1451: 1430: 1411: 1387: 1348: 1327: 1306: 1257: 1238: 1204: 1177: 1152: 1125: 857:, the city was within the borders of 802:settlement was equipped with several 697: 663: 9802:from the original on 9 October 2022. 9570: 9481:. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. 9327:from the original on 3 November 2013 9281:from the original on 24 January 2014 8899: 8786:from the original on 30 October 2014 8639:. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. 8582:from the original on 22 October 2014 8330: 8285: 8239: 8107:from the original on 1 November 2020 7898:from the original on 20 October 2017 7412: 7116: 6858: 6847: 6814: 6183: 5946: 5932:) is the main airport of Aachen and 5505:Germany's Universities of Excellence 5131:was built as a church of the Aachen 3575:Aachen is at the western end of the 3288:Largest groups of foreign residents 2296:German-speaking Community of Belgium 1971:through an agreement reached by the 1650:Construction of Aix-la-Chapelle, by 985:, meaning "river" or "stream", from 9710:The Monuments of the City of Aachen 9706:Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Aachen 9346:(Audio) (in German). Archived from 8618:The Columbia Gazetteer of the World 8515:The Encyclopedia of Historic Places 8273:from the original on 22 August 2016 7953:from the original on 7 October 2010 5789: 5438:, discovered by amateur astronomer 4998:both gave numerous works of art by 3193:. These formations are part of the 1841:In 1598, following the invasion of 1558:and subordinated to their capital, 13: 10027: 9558: 9478:Europe's Greatest Tramways Network 9462:from the original on 31 March 2019 9216:The Oxford Dictionary of the World 8164:from the original on 21 April 2014 8133:from the original on 1 August 2022 7864:from the original on 20 March 2017 7785: 7749:from the original on 8 August 2022 7420:"Aachen Climate Normals 1991–2020" 7083: 6628:from the original on 27 March 2023 5725:, Mönchengladbach, Spa (Belgium), 5544:Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln 5067:are viewable as part of the tour. 5024:Aachen Rathaus seen from the south 4770:AD 796, and it was, on completion 3583:to the south from the rest of the 2089:Aachen was heavily damaged during 337:Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia 247: 14: 11701: 11680:Roman towns and cities in Germany 9814: 9302:from the original on 8 March 2016 8761:from the original on 12 June 2014 8561:from the original on 29 July 2014 8358:"Aachen: Wieder mehr Arbeitslose" 8293:(in German). 2013. Archived from 8227:from the original on 25 July 2014 8206:from the original on 25 July 2014 7811:. 9 December 2014. Archived from 6537:Sources differ on the age of the 6033: 3709:Aachen-Mitte: Beverau, Bildchen, 3197:, north of the High Fens. In the 1915:in the same year which ended the 810:in the course of colonization by 11640:Belgium–Germany border crossings 11625:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia 11341: 11040: 10730: 9919: 9658:Charlemagne: Lifetime and Legacy 9576:"Interchapter – Aix-la-Chapelle" 9497:World guide to special libraries 8599:. City of Aachen. Archived from 8540:from the original on 9 July 2014 8418:from the original on 17 May 2015 7886:Weiss, Richard (24 March 2017). 6409: 6341: 6238: 6224: 6210: 6190: 6169: 6156: 6143: 6130: 6117: 6104: 6091: 6078: 6065: 5859:was dropped after a referendum. 5249: 5234: 5222: 5210: 5198: 5186: 4803:, with portions of the original 4716: 4715: 4697: 4696: 4588: 4587: 4577: 4576: 4547: 4546: 4526: 4525: 4515: 4514: 4460: 4459: 4436: 4435: 4425: 4424: 4395: 4394: 4371: 4370: 4360: 4359: 4336: 4335: 4325: 4324: 4301: 4300: 4290: 4289: 3482: 3464: 3446: 3428: 3410: 3392: 3374: 3356: 3338: 3320: 3302: 1606:(since 1930, cathedral) and the 1478: 621: 321: 314: 289: 282: 224: 214: 197: 181: 169: 153: 139: 124: 107: 92: 71: 10073:Cities in Germany by population 10032:Coat of Arms of Aachen district 9273:RWTH Aachen University (2013). 8119: 8089: 8076: 8049: 8013: 8001: 7989: 7977: 7965: 7879: 7846: 7827: 7797: 7773: 7761: 7731: 7704: 7573:from the original on 3 May 2019 7555: 7498: 7476: 7454: 7442: 7387: 7370:"Canada's Plant Hardiness Site" 7361: 7349: 7324: 7300: 7288: 7276: 7264: 7233: 7221: 7209: 7197: 7185: 7173: 7161: 7110: 7071: 7025: 6990: 6978: 6917: 6888: 6772: 6760: 6565: 6544: 6531: 6522: 6509: 5607:2006 FEI World Equestrian Games 5086:, a late medieval house at the 5077: 4982:donated a pair of reliquaries. 4938:was given as a gift in 1804 to 4600: 4561: 4499: 4474: 4444: 4409: 4379: 4344: 4309: 4274: 4234: 4138: 4120: 4086: 4068: 4050: 4032: 4014: 3996: 3972: 3941: 3894:The current mayor of Aachen is 3282: 2221: 2040: 2035: 1946: 1665:, after a 17th-century painting 9780:McKitterick, Rosamond (1990). 9717:Grimme, Ernst Günther (1972). 9256:Academic American Encyclopedia 8909:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). 6683: 6665: 6640: 6607: 6588: 6328: 6309:Liège–Aachen Baroque furniture 5721:lines connect Aachen with the 5661:Aachen's railway station, the 5605:for tennis. Aachen hosted the 5463:, a professional chamber choir 5374:date on a general circulation 5361:Aachen is also famous for its 5296:Electric vehicle manufacturing 4738: 3757:, Kitzenhaus, Kornelimünster, 3743:: Haaren, Hüls, Verlautenheide 1955:The modern Elisabethhalle pool 1929:War of the Austrian Succession 1681:, the nobles revolted and the 1565: 1539:and the Burtscheid bathhouse. 814:pioneers settling at the warm 454: • Governing parties 322: 290: 1: 9761:Die karolingischen Miniaturen 9723:The Aachen Cathedral Treasury 6800:Bridgwater & Aldrich 1968 6582: 6011: 5620:had a short run in Germany's 4966:were made of gold donated by 3704:Aachen districts and quarters 11348:Free Imperial Cities by 1792 9961:Towns and municipalities in 9795:(1). British Library: 1–15. 9435:Stanton, Shelby L. (2006) . 9018:Kerner, Maximillian (2013). 8778:. In Singer, Isidore (ed.). 8513:. In Carruth, Gorton (ed.). 6027:Dramatic Romances and Lyrics 5878:. Line 350, which runs from 5641: 5467: 5129:St. Michael's Church, Aachen 4986:gave, in 1475, the crown of 4778:. It was modelled after the 4743: 3132:Source 2: Data derived from 2241: 1939:neighbouring estates of the 1774:, a council convened by the 1511:, god of light and healing. 1474:Free Imperial City of Aachen 1051:in French, and subsequently 960: 559:0241 / 02405 / 02407 / 02408 7: 11602:Member or associate of the 11058: 9789:The British Library Journal 9673:Cüppers, von Heinz (1982). 8984:A History of Modern Germany 8961:A History of Modern Germany 8939:A History of Modern Germany 8880:(in German). Archived from 8488:Calderdale Council (2012). 8408:"The Holocaust:Photographs" 8383:"The Holocaust:Photographs" 8364:(in German). Archived from 8265:ActiLingua Academy (2013). 6203: 5890:Aachen is connected to the 5778:There are two stations for 5677:as well as branch lines to 5667:Cologne–Aachen railway line 5593:(short for the French term 5550:Cologne University of Music 5057:Louis-André-Gabriel Bouchet 4885:, Aachen Cathedral Treasury 4604:Ecological Democratic Party 3884: 3598: 3244:river and wind activities. 2935:Average precipitation days 2721:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2581:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1865:. This was followed by the 1527:. A temple precinct called 1231: 499:1,600/km (4,100/sq mi) 10: 11706: 10853:Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 9810:Kassel: Merseburger, 2009. 9765:The Carolingian Miniatures 9738:Kaemmerer, Walter (1955). 9562: 9475:Van der Gragt, F. (1968). 9414:Der Spiegel (9 May 2013). 9277:. RWTH Aachen University. 9212:"Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)" 9210:Munro, David, ed. (1995). 8776:"Aix-La-Chapelle (Aachen)" 8509:Canby, Courtlandt (1984). 8148: 7336:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 6048: 6045:Twin towns – sister cities 6040:List of people from Aachen 6037: 6024:", which was published in 6016:Aix is the destination in 5950: 5908: 5872:Veolia Transport Nederland 5352: 5308:as DHL delivery van (2016) 5264: 5139:, and a sample of a local 5013: 5009: 4871: 4831:UNESCO World Heritage Site 4786:, Italy, and was built by 4747: 4627: 4602: 4563: 4536: 4501: 4476: 4446: 4411: 4381: 4346: 4313:Christian Democratic Union 4311: 4276: 4143: 4140: 4125: 4122: 4109: 4106: 4091: 4088: 4073: 4070: 4055: 4052: 4037: 4034: 4019: 4016: 4001: 3998: 3979:Christian Democratic Union 3977: 3974: 3948: 3943: 3731:, Hitfeld, Niederforstbach 3570: 3142: 3131: 3123: 2461: 2394: 2228:universities of technology 2044: 1861:were moved from Aachen to 1531:was built near the modern 1471: 1465: 1461: 1098: 861:, until it became part of 779:in the southwest, and the 747:Mountains. It sits on the 241:Location of Aachen within 78:View over Aachen with the 18: 11645:Catholic pilgrimage sites 11586: 11369: 11354: 11339: 11064: 11053: 10911: 10739: 10728: 10598: 10528: 10312: 10171: 10110: 10079: 10025: 9969: 9917: 9876: 9317:"Biography David Garrett" 9235:"Partnerská města Kladna" 9064:Knufinke, Ulrich (2013). 8127:"Montebourg – Frankreich" 8044:Gdawietz & Leroi 2008 7135:10.1017/S0008938909990069 6299:Maastricht Aachen Airport 6165:, Istanbul, Turkey (2013) 5941:Aachen Merzbrück Airfield 5914:Maastricht Aachen Airport 5570: 5542: 5517:Botanischer Garten Aachen 5408:, Graupel and Verdunkeln. 5111:(Pont gate), 800 metres ( 4874:Aachen Cathedral Treasury 4728: 4706:Electorate/voter turnout 4705: 4681: 4664: 4647: 4254: 4224: 4208:Electorate/voter turnout 4207: 4190: 4173: 4156: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3076: 3028: 2981: 2934: 2860: 2790: 2720: 2650: 2580: 2510: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2446:USDA plant hardiness zone 2172:after its destruction on 2007:took over within the new 1445: 1424: 1400: 1369: 1363: 1342: 1321: 1300: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1251: 1225: 1198: 1171: 1146: 1119: 1027:, which meant "waters of 573: 563: 553: 541: 520: 503: 495: 487: 482: 474: 466: 461: 453: 432: 427: 415: 403: 391: 381: 346: 276: 238: 210: 65: 56: 33: 9704:Faymonville, D. (1916). 9641:Mittelalterliche Studien 9614:Baedeker, Karl (1911) . 9366:Schmetz, Oliver (2011). 9340:Schaub, Andreas (2013). 9043:Kitchen, Martin (1996). 8980:Holborn, Hajo (1982b) . 8957:Holborn, Hajo (1982a) . 8799:Friedrich, Jörg (2008). 8774:Freimann, A. J. (1906). 7726:Young & Stetler 1987 7123:Central European History 6321: 6284:List of mayors of Aachen 5885: 5461:Kammerchor Carmina Mundi 5389:in Aachen was the first 5141:Renaissance architecture 4914:of Christ, and an early 4862:Old St. Peter's Basilica 4823:destination for pilgrims 3889: 3813:Neighbouring communities 3626:, 35 Trierer Straße, 36 3618:, 22 Hansemannplatz, 23 3273:1992 Roermond earthquake 2145:Expulsion of Aachen Jews 1959:On 9 February 1801, the 1909:first congress of Aachen 913:spoken in the city is a 885:from 936 to 1531, until 478:173 m (568 ft) 102:and St. Foillan's Church 9296:"Internationalisierung" 9275:"Excellence Initiative" 8936:Holborn, Hajo (1982) . 8915:Encyclopædia Britannica 8780:The Jewish Encyclopedia 8734:Encyclopædia Britannica 8683:Lexicon nominum locorum 8635:De Jong, Mayke (1996). 8595:City of Aachen (2013). 8574:City of Aachen (2012). 8431:Baker, Anni P. (2004). 8097:"Städtepartnerschaften" 8086:. Norton, 2nd ed. 1979. 7743:Encyclopædia Britannica 7091:Encyclopædia Britannica 5656: 5292:technology department. 5276:Research Center, Aachen 5256:A statue commemorating 5205:Elisenbrunnen in Aachen 5175:Suermondt-Ludwig Museum 4962:and a covering for the 4936:Talisman of Charlemagne 4731:State Returning Officer 4448:Alternative for Germany 4348:Social Democratic Party 4227:State Returning Officer 4021:Alternative for Germany 4003:Social Democratic Party 3857:in Belgium) as well as 3656:: 53 Haaren (including 1859:coronations of emperors 1057:to distinguish it from 990: 787:and is the seat of the 681: 41: 21:Aachen (disambiguation) 10963:North Rhine-Westphalia 10958:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 10591:North Rhine-Westphalia 10033: 9901:Kornelimünster/Walheim 9719:Der Aachener Domschatz 9595:Murray, John (1845) . 9572:Hunt, Frederick Knight 8902:Collier's Encyclopedia 8687:Lexicon of Place Names 8454:Encyclopedia Americana 8412:Jewish Virtual Library 8387:Jewish Virtual Library 7894:. Kitchener, Ontario. 7892:Waterloo Region Record 7156:Dupuy & Dupuy 1986 6973:Dupuy & Dupuy 1986 6304:Computer museum Aachen 6152:, United States (1993) 6002:human rights in Europe 5978: 5968: 5882:, also enters Aachen. 5806: 5780:intercity bus services 5774:Intercity bus stations 5768:RWTH Aachen University 5653: 5651:Aachen Central Station 5586: 5501:RWTH Aachen University 5497: 5489: 5477: 5427:sweetened with honey, 5366: 5318:RWTH Aachen University 5309: 5277: 5032:(marketplace) and the 5025: 4886: 4780:Basilica of San Vitale 4759: 4278:Alliance 90/The Greens 4244: 3904:Alliance 90/The Greens 3837:(which are all in the 3747:Kornelimünster/Walheim 3705: 3664:Kornelimünster/Walheim 3567: 3505:RWTH Aachen University 3167: 3134:Deutscher Wetterdienst 2276:Meuse–Rhine Euroregion 2271: 2263: 2177: 2133:(city hall), although 2063: 2026:Aachen tramway network 1993:département de la Roer 1956: 1913:First Treaty of Aachen 1838: 1837:View of Aachen in 1690 1830: 1666: 1654: 1588: 1533:Kornelimünster/Walheim 1507:where they worshipped 1483:Flint quarries on the 1259:[akwizˈɡraːna] 1240:[aciˈizɣranon] 1053: 1047: 1037: 1023: 1013: 999: 982: 971: 898: 894:RWTH Aachen University 825:was Germanized by the 816:Aachen thermal springs 804: 785:Meuse–Rhine Euroregion 730:North Rhine-Westphalia 720: 715: 711: 694: 613: 398:North Rhine-Westphalia 269: 11660:Jewish German history 10031: 9185:Mielke, Rita (2013). 9141:The Dictionary of Art 9114:The Dictionary of Art 9087:The Dictionary of Art 8822:The Dictionary of Art 8681:Egger, Carlo (1977). 8597:"Cathedral of Aachen" 8291:Archaeology in Aachen 8240:Anon (28 July 2009). 8103:(in German). Aachen. 7943:"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive" 7839:20 March 2018 at the 6178:, South Africa (2017) 5962:Chancellor of Germany 5960: 5797: 5695:ICE high speed trains 5649: 5578: 5563:'s Technical School ( 5495: 5483: 5475: 5446:was published by the 5406:The Ruins of Beverast 5360: 5303: 5272: 5152:Night of Broken Glass 5023: 4976:Shrine of Charlemagne 4881: 4766:. Construction began 4757: 4383:Free Democratic Party 4242: 4039:Free Democratic Party 3881:in the Netherlands). 3703: 3565: 3150: 2294:, the capital of the 2269: 2249: 2186:Friedrich Wilhelm III 2152: 2061: 2045:Further information: 1999:. In 1815, after the 1954: 1836: 1824: 1785:Manuscript production 1660: 1649: 1577:and northern France. 1466:Further information: 775:, directly bordering 751:, a tributary of the 595: 522: • Summer ( 268: 147:Shrine of Charlemagne 11690:Spa towns in Germany 11655:Free imperial cities 11304:Weißenburg in Bayern 11036:Free imperial cities 10968:Rhineland-Palatinate 10833:Oberbergischer Kreis 10543:Metropolitan regions 10224:Freiburg im Breisgau 9422:(in German). Hamburg 9399:Aachener Nachrichten 9353:on 29 September 2013 9187:"History of Bathing" 8603:on 26 September 2013 8496:on 28 September 2013 8490:"Aachen: Twin Towns" 8362:Aachener Nachrichten 7430:on 14 September 2023 7374:planthardiness.gc.ca 7117:Roos, Julia (2009). 6495:[ɛkslaʃapɛl] 5450:on 8 November 2019 ( 5396:The thriving Aachen 5059:and one of his wife 4972:Frederick Barbarossa 4942:and subsequently to 4816:Frederick Barbarossa 4565:Pirate Party Germany 4127:Pirate Party Germany 3777:, Schmithof, Walheim 3255:, there are over 30 2511:Record high °C (°F) 2450:Regina, Saskatchewan 2230:in Germany with the 2180:On 16 May 1815, the 2009:German Confederation 1927:in 1748, ending the 1706:Frederick Barbarossa 1673:was crowned king of 1389:[ɐkiʒˈɣɾɐ̃w] 1383:[ɐkiʒˈɣɾɐnu] 1350:[aˈkfizɡran] 1206:[ɛkslaʃapɛl] 1031:", referring to the 1017:figures in Aachen's 921:variant with strong 883:Kings of the Germans 875:Frederick Barbarossa 755:, and together with 565:Vehicle registration 496: • Density 366:50.77556°N 6.08361°E 114:Choir and apse with 19:For other uses, see 11569:Weißenburg in Elsaß 10873:Siegen-Wittgenstein 10425:Mülheim an der Ruhr 9540:Cities of the World 9030:on 18 February 2014 9020:"Aachen and Europe" 8576:"Bevölkerungsstand" 7947:Minor Planet Center 7922:Minor Planet Center 7711:City of Aachen 2013 7626:City of Aachen 2012 7569:. 25 January 2019. 6600:17 May 2022 at the 6279:Aachener Bachverein 5868:Transport en Commun 5803:university hospital 5784:Aachen West station 5448:Minor Planet Center 5423:, a German form of 5322:Waggonfabrik Talbot 5000:Hans von Reutlingen 4952:Gospels of Otto III 4940:Josephine Bonaparte 4251: 3910: 3289: 3271:earthquake and the 3224:industry in nearby 3174:period and include 2982:Average snowy days 2791:Record low °C (°F) 2651:Daily mean °C (°F) 2256:university hospital 1997:First French Empire 1880:In 1542, the Dutch 1877:, occupied Aachen. 1817:16th–18th centuries 1807:Bamberg Pliny Group 1696:, who attacked the 1505:hot sulphur springs 1432:[akisˈɣɾan] 1377:European Portuguese 793:Städteregion Aachen 362: / 305:Show map of Germany 243:Städteregion Aachen 161:Bust of Charlemagne 11362:imperial immediacy 10988:Schleswig-Holstein 10794:Hochsauerlandkreis 10034: 8887:on 29 October 2013 8704:Eginhard (2012) . 8368:on 20 October 2017 8297:on 20 January 2020 8058:"Aachen: Stations" 7739:"Aachen | Germany" 7216:Van der Gragt 1968 6517:Archäologie am Hof 5969: 5862:Today, the ASEAG ( 5807: 5799:Bi-articulated bus 5654: 5587: 5498: 5490: 5478: 5367: 5310: 5278: 5074:is awarded there. 5026: 4920:Coronation Gospels 4887: 4868:Cathedral Treasury 4760: 4250: 4245: 4123:Matthias Achilles 3909: 3839:district of Aachen 3706: 3568: 3296:Population (2022) 3287: 3168: 2435:urban heat islands 2272: 2264: 2258:visible, from the 2178: 2064: 2005:Kingdom of Prussia 1973:Congress of Vienna 1969:Kingdom of Prussia 1961:Peace of Lunéville 1957: 1933:free imperial city 1839: 1831: 1795:Coronation Gospels 1749:free imperial city 1667: 1655: 1468:Timeline of Aachen 1179:[ˈaːkə(n)] 1133:[akizˈɣɾa] 1127:[əkizˈɣɾa] 915:Central Franconian 904:Uniklinikum Aachen 867:Treaty of Meerssen 789:district of Aachen 699:[ˈaːkə(n)] 614: 488: • Total 467: • Total 270: 11635:Aachen (district) 11612: 11611: 11604:Swiss Confederacy 11582: 11581: 11349: 11337: 11336: 11047:Holy Roman Empire 11002: 11001: 10928:Baden-Württemberg 10863:Rhein-Kreis Neuss 10769:Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis 10556: 10555: 10435:Offenbach am Main 10320:Bergisch Gladbach 10143:Frankfurt am Main 10039: 10038: 9928: 9927: 9507:978-3-598-22249-8 9446:978-0-8117-0157-0 9177:978-0-7166-0107-4 8928:978-1-59339-837-8 8864:978-3-89899-315-9 8721:978-2-01-252304-3 8696:978-88-209-1254-3 8246:Innovation Cities 7918:"(274835) Aachen" 7516:978-1-86239-347-9 6289:Council of Aachen 6254:Aachen (district) 6184:Former twin towns 6006:Pope John Paul II 5953:Charlemagne Prize 5947:Charlemagne Prize 5757:Aachen-Rothe Erde 5707:Frankfurt am Main 5597:) is the biggest 5582:, home ground of 5327:In December 2014 5072:Charlemagne Prize 5049:Route Charlemagne 4736: 4735: 4232: 4231: 3808:, Huf, Richterich 3769:, Oberforstbach, 3737:: Eilendorf, Nirm 3634:, 41 Beverau, 42 3560: 3559: 3498: 3497: 3201:subperiod of the 3139: 3138: 3031:relative humidity 2431:inversion-related 2107:Aachen-Burtscheid 2059: 1965:Holy Roman Empire 1917:War of Devolution 1886:Francis Fabricius 1875:Charles Dumouriez 1809:. Finally, under 1714:Holy Roman Empire 1459: 1458: 1154:[ˈtsaːxɪ] 1084:Pronunciation in 887:Frankfurt am Main 871:Holy Roman Empire 734:27th-largest city 726:13th-largest city 590: 589: 457:The Greens / SPD 371:50.77556; 6.08361 189:St. John's Church 51: 11697: 11665:Matter of France 11598:Hanseatic League 11356: 11355: 11347: 11345: 11264:Schwäbisch Gmünd 11055: 11054: 11045: 11044: 11029: 11022: 11015: 11006: 11005: 10917:of German states 10868:Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 10858:Rhein-Erft-Kreis 10818:Märkischer Kreis 10734: 10583: 10576: 10569: 10560: 10559: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10043: 10042: 9955: 9948: 9941: 9932: 9931: 9923: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9839: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9826: 9825: 9823:Official website 9803: 9801: 9786: 9776: 9755: 9734: 9713: 9700: 9669: 9648: 9645:Medieval Studies 9635: 9610: 9591: 9553: 9530: 9511: 9490: 9471: 9469: 9467: 9450: 9431: 9429: 9427: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9373:Aachener Zeitung 9362: 9360: 9358: 9352: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9290: 9288: 9286: 9269: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9229: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9181: 9162: 9135: 9108: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9060: 9039: 9037: 9035: 9026:. Archived from 9014: 8999: 8987: 8976: 8964: 8953: 8932: 8905: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8886: 8879: 8868: 8843: 8816: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8725: 8700: 8677: 8658: 8631: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8549: 8547: 8545: 8528: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8484: 8467: 8448: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8377: 8375: 8373: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8343:on 29 April 2015 8339:. Archived from 8333:"Search: Aachen" 8327: 8325: 8323: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8248:. Archived from 8236: 8234: 8232: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8093: 8087: 8080: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8060:. Archived from 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8029: 8023: 8017: 8011: 8005: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7958: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7914: 7908: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7883: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7869: 7850: 7844: 7831: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7801: 7795: 7789: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7687: 7681: 7656: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7629: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7603:. Archived from 7596: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7567:Aachener Zeitung 7559: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7528: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7486:(in German). DWD 7480: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7469: 7464:(in German). DWD 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7426:. Archived from 7416: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7405: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7328: 7322: 7316: 7310: 7304: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7247: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7096: 7087: 7081: 7075: 7069: 7066:McKitterick 1996 7063: 7052: 7046: 7035: 7029: 7023: 7017: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6933:. 21 July 2003. 6921: 6915: 6909: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6856: 6845: 6839: 6818: 6812: 6803: 6797: 6782: 6776: 6770: 6764: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6741: 6728: 6722: 6716: 6710: 6699: 6698: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6669: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6621:Aachener Zeitung 6611: 6605: 6592: 6576: 6569: 6563: 6561: 6548: 6542: 6535: 6529: 6526: 6520: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6497: 6492: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6458: 6453: 6452: 6449: 6446: 6443: 6440: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6421: 6418: 6415: 6408: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6365: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6350: 6347: 6340: 6332: 6317: 6274:Aachener Chronik 6248: 6246:Geography portal 6243: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6195: 6194: 6174: 6173: 6161: 6160: 6150:Arlington County 6148: 6147: 6139:, Germany (1988) 6135: 6134: 6122: 6121: 6109: 6108: 6100:, England (1979) 6096: 6095: 6083: 6082: 6070: 6069: 5976: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5814: 5790:Public transport 5618:Alemannia Aachen 5584:Alemannia Aachen 5567:) is in Aachen. 5547: 5546: 5531:Doppelabschlüsse 5513:botanical garden 5456: 5414:Aachener Printen 5253: 5238: 5226: 5214: 5202: 5190: 5120: 5119: 5115: 5042:Imperial Regalia 4988:Margaret of York 4944:Rheims Cathedral 4934:in 1798 and the 4883:Cross of Lothair 4840:, including the 4758:Aachen Cathedral 4750:Aachen Cathedral 4719: 4718: 4700: 4699: 4591: 4590: 4580: 4579: 4550: 4549: 4529: 4528: 4518: 4517: 4463: 4462: 4439: 4438: 4428: 4427: 4398: 4397: 4374: 4373: 4363: 4362: 4339: 4338: 4328: 4327: 4304: 4303: 4293: 4292: 4252: 4249: 4071:Hubert vom Venn 3999:Mathias Dopatka 3911: 3908: 3879:Limburg Province 3687:, 65 Laurensberg 3510: 3509: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3452: 3450: 3449: 3434: 3432: 3431: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3308: 3306: 3305: 3290: 3286: 3253:Variscan orogeny 3247:Along the major 3207:Variscan orogeny 2985: 2938: 2459: 2458: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2206: 2182:Jewish community 2171: 2135:Aachen Cathedral 2103:Aachen-Eilendorf 2072:Rhenish Republic 2060: 2047:Battle of Aachen 1995:" in Napoleon's 1845:troops from the 1694:Odo of Champagne 1629:to the court of 1591: 1556:Ripuarian Franks 1548:migration period 1455: 1448: 1447: 1434: 1427: 1426: 1415: 1413:[ˈɐxʲɪn] 1403: 1402: 1391: 1385: 1380: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1352: 1345: 1344: 1331: 1329:[ˈoːχən] 1324: 1323: 1310: 1303: 1302: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1261: 1254: 1253: 1242: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1208: 1201: 1200: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1181: 1174: 1173: 1156: 1149: 1148: 1135: 1129: 1122: 1121: 1108: 1101: 1100: 1075: 1074: 1056: 1050: 1040: 1026: 1016: 1002: 993: 980: 974: 951:Aachener Printen 911:regional dialect 901: 855:Treaty of Verdun 843:Palace of Aachen 809: 723: 709: 708: 707: 701: 688: 675: 674: 673: 667: 665:[ˈaːxn̩] 662: 655: 650: 649: 648: 647: 640: 637: 636: 633: 630: 627: 586: 583: 580: 527: 439: 438:(2020–25) 377: 376: 374: 373: 372: 367: 363: 360: 359: 358: 355: 338: 331: 325: 324: 318: 306: 299: 293: 292: 286: 250: 228: 218: 201: 185: 176:Elise's Fountain 173: 157: 143: 128: 111: 100:Aachen Cathedral 96: 75: 45: 44: 37: 31: 30: 11705: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11698: 11696: 11695: 11694: 11615: 11614: 11613: 11608: 11578: 11365: 11350: 11346: 11333: 11269:Schwäbisch Hall 11060: 11049: 11039: 11033: 11003: 10998: 10997: 10907: 10828:Minden-Lübbecke 10741:Rural districts 10735: 10726: 10692:Mönchengladbach 10600:Urban districts 10594: 10587: 10557: 10552: 10524: 10313:100,000–199,999 10308: 10284:Mönchengladbach 10172:200,000–499,999 10167: 10111:500,000–999,999 10106: 10075: 10070: 10040: 10035: 10023: 9965: 9963:Aachen district 9959: 9929: 9924: 9915: 9872: 9866: 9832: 9821: 9820: 9817: 9799: 9784: 9689: 9567: 9561: 9559:Further reading 9556: 9550: 9527: 9508: 9465: 9463: 9447: 9425: 9423: 9404: 9402: 9383: 9381: 9356: 9354: 9350: 9330: 9328: 9305: 9303: 9284: 9282: 9266: 9244: 9242: 9226: 9200: 9198: 9178: 9151: 9124: 9097: 9075: 9073: 9057: 9033: 9031: 8996: 8973: 8950: 8929: 8890: 8888: 8884: 8877: 8865: 8832: 8813: 8789: 8787: 8764: 8762: 8743: 8741: 8722: 8697: 8674: 8647: 8628: 8606: 8604: 8585: 8583: 8564: 8562: 8543: 8541: 8525: 8499: 8497: 8464: 8445: 8421: 8419: 8396: 8394: 8371: 8369: 8346: 8344: 8321: 8319: 8312:"Wetter Aachen" 8300: 8298: 8276: 8274: 8255: 8253: 8252:on 9 April 2014 8230: 8228: 8209: 8207: 8188: 8186: 8167: 8165: 8151: 8146: 8136: 8134: 8125: 8124: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8081: 8077: 8067: 8065: 8064:on 1 March 2018 8054: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8030: 8026: 8018: 8014: 8006: 8002: 7994: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7956: 7954: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7916: 7915: 7911: 7901: 7899: 7884: 7880: 7867: 7865: 7852: 7851: 7847: 7841:Wayback Machine 7832: 7828: 7818: 7816: 7803: 7802: 7798: 7794:, pp. 1–2. 7790: 7786: 7778: 7774: 7766: 7762: 7752: 7750: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7717: 7709: 7705: 7699:McClendon 1996a 7697: 7690: 7682: 7659: 7653:McClendon 1996a 7651: 7647: 7639: 7632: 7624: 7620: 7610: 7608: 7607:on 8 April 2017 7597: 7586: 7576: 7574: 7561: 7560: 7556: 7548: 7544: 7536: 7532: 7517: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7418: 7417: 7413: 7403: 7401: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7366: 7362: 7354: 7350: 7340: 7338: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7317: 7313: 7305: 7301: 7293: 7289: 7281: 7277: 7269: 7265: 7257: 7250: 7238: 7234: 7226: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7202: 7198: 7190: 7186: 7178: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7154: 7150: 7115: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7088: 7084: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7055: 7047: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7018: 7003: 6995: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6961:McClendon 1996a 6959: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6923: 6922: 6918: 6910: 6901: 6893: 6889: 6883:McClendon 1996a 6881: 6877: 6869: 6865: 6857: 6848: 6840: 6821: 6813: 6806: 6798: 6785: 6779:Schumacher 2009 6777: 6773: 6765: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6731: 6723: 6719: 6711: 6702: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6656: 6654: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6612: 6608: 6602:Wayback Machine 6593: 6589: 6585: 6580: 6579: 6570: 6566: 6555: 6549: 6545: 6536: 6532: 6527: 6523: 6514: 6510: 6499: 6498: 6490: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6455: 6434: 6426: 6412: 6403: 6402: 6396: 6392: 6366: 6358: 6344: 6335: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6311: 6244: 6239: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6223: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6189: 6186: 6181: 6168: 6155: 6142: 6129: 6116: 6103: 6090: 6087:, France (1967) 6077: 6074:, France (1960) 6064: 6053: 6047: 6042: 6036: 6018:Robert Browning 6014: 5972: 5955: 5949: 5911: 5888: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5792: 5776: 5671:Mönchengladbach 5659: 5644: 5573: 5509:Klinikum Aachen 5470: 5451: 5444:naming citation 5355: 5298: 5267: 5260: 5258:David Hansemann 5254: 5245: 5239: 5230: 5227: 5218: 5215: 5206: 5203: 5194: 5191: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5080: 5044:are kept here. 5018: 5012: 4924:reliquary burse 4891:church treasure 4876: 4870: 4854:Marcus Aurelius 4752: 4746: 4741: 4237: 3892: 3887: 3815: 3727:: Brand, Eich, 3693:: 88 Richterich 3685:Vaalserquartier 3601: 3591:and belongs to 3573: 3483: 3481: 3465: 3463: 3447: 3445: 3429: 3427: 3411: 3409: 3393: 3391: 3375: 3373: 3357: 3355: 3339: 3337: 3321: 3319: 3303: 3301: 3285: 3257:thermal springs 3145: 3140: 2983: 2936: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2397: 2387: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2314:uplands of the 2244: 2236:Klinikum Aachen 2224: 2192: 2176:, November 1938 2157: 2147: 2139:Franz Oppenhoff 2093:. According to 2076:Mönchengladbach 2051: 2049: 2043: 2038: 2001:Napoleonic Wars 1949: 1923:ended with the 1921:second congress 1827:siege of Aachen 1819: 1799:Louis the Pious 1787: 1772:Council of 1166 1698:imperial palace 1631:Harun al-Rashid 1604:Palatine Chapel 1571:Pepin the Short 1568: 1544:villae rusticae 1481: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1375: 1308:[ˈɔːkə] 1210: 1209: 1199:Aix-la-Chapelle 1183: 1182: 1106:[ˈɔːxə] 1067:palatine chapel 1059:Aix-en-Provence 1054:Aix-la-Chapelle 1009:mineral springs 987:Old High German 976: 963: 847:Frankish Empire 757:Mönchengladbach 712:Aix-la-Chapelle 703: 702: 686:[ˈɔːxə] 669: 668: 660: 653: 643: 642: 624: 620: 584: 577: 549: 521: 437: 370: 368: 364: 361: 356: 353: 351: 349: 348: 342: 341: 340: 339: 336: 335: 334: 333: 332: 329: 326: 309: 308: 307: 304: 303: 302: 301: 300: 297: 294: 272: 271: 267: 248: 245: 234: 233: 232: 231: 222: 221: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 193: 192: 191: 186: 178: 177: 174: 165: 164: 163: 158: 150: 149: 144: 136: 135: 133:Palatine Chapel 131:Octagon of the 129: 120: 119: 118: 112: 104: 103: 97: 88: 87: 86: 76: 61: 52: 38: 35: 29: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11703: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11610: 11609: 11607: 11606: 11600: 11596:Member of the 11594: 11590:Member of the 11587: 11584: 11583: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11370: 11367: 11366: 11352: 11351: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11332: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11131: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11065: 11062: 11061: 11051: 11050: 11032: 11031: 11024: 11017: 11009: 11000: 10999: 10996: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10924: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10848:Recklinghausen 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10745: 10743: 10737: 10736: 10729: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10604: 10602: 10596: 10595: 10586: 10585: 10578: 10571: 10563: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10538:Municipalities 10535: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10465:Recklinghausen 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10114: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10076: 10069: 10068: 10061: 10054: 10046: 10037: 10036: 10026: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9970: 9967: 9966: 9958: 9957: 9950: 9943: 9935: 9926: 9925: 9918: 9916: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9877: 9874: 9873: 9865: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9842: 9836: 9835: 9816: 9815:External links 9813: 9812: 9811: 9804: 9777: 9756: 9735: 9714: 9701: 9687: 9670: 9649: 9636: 9611: 9592: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9548: 9531: 9525: 9512: 9506: 9491: 9472: 9451: 9445: 9432: 9411: 9390: 9363: 9337: 9312: 9291: 9270: 9264: 9251: 9230: 9224: 9207: 9191:City of Aachen 9182: 9176: 9163: 9149: 9136: 9122: 9109: 9095: 9082: 9061: 9055: 9040: 9024:City of Aachen 9015: 9000: 8994: 8977: 8971: 8954: 8948: 8933: 8927: 8906: 8897: 8869: 8863: 8844: 8830: 8817: 8812:978-0231133814 8811: 8796: 8771: 8750: 8726: 8720: 8701: 8695: 8678: 8672: 8659: 8645: 8632: 8626: 8613: 8592: 8571: 8550: 8529: 8523: 8506: 8485: 8468: 8462: 8449: 8443: 8428: 8403: 8378: 8353: 8328: 8307: 8283: 8262: 8237: 8216: 8195: 8185:on 17 May 2021 8179:"About Aachen" 8174: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8118: 8088: 8075: 8048: 8036: 8034:, p. 718. 8024: 8012: 8000: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7934: 7909: 7878: 7845: 7826: 7815:on 13 May 2018 7796: 7784: 7772: 7760: 7730: 7728:, p. 273. 7715: 7703: 7688: 7657: 7645: 7630: 7618: 7584: 7554: 7542: 7530: 7515: 7497: 7475: 7453: 7441: 7411: 7386: 7360: 7348: 7323: 7311: 7309:, p. 105. 7299: 7297:, p. 109. 7287: 7275: 7263: 7248: 7240:Friedrich 2008 7232: 7230:, p. 614. 7220: 7218:, p. 137. 7208: 7196: 7194:, p. 301. 7184: 7182:, p. 217. 7172: 7160: 7158:, p. 563. 7148: 7129:(3): 473–508. 7109: 7097: 7082: 7080:, p. 295. 7070: 7053: 7036: 7024: 7001: 6989: 6977: 6975:, p. 258. 6965: 6948: 6930:Deutsche Welle 6916: 6899: 6887: 6875: 6873:, p. 301. 6863: 6846: 6842:McClendon 1996 6819: 6804: 6783: 6771: 6759: 6747: 6729: 6717: 6700: 6682: 6664: 6639: 6606: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6564: 6553:Aachen-Orsbach 6543: 6530: 6521: 6508: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6250: 6249: 6235: 6221: 6218:Germany portal 6205: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6166: 6153: 6140: 6127: 6126:, China (1986) 6114: 6113:, Spain (1985) 6101: 6088: 6075: 6061: 6046: 6043: 6038:Main article: 6035: 6034:Notable people 6032: 6013: 6010: 5951:Main article: 5948: 5945: 5910: 5907: 5887: 5884: 5791: 5788: 5775: 5772: 5717:lines and two 5658: 5655: 5643: 5640: 5622:first division 5572: 5569: 5554:Theater Aachen 5469: 5466: 5465: 5464: 5458: 5432: 5409: 5394: 5383: 5354: 5351: 5304:StreetScooter 5297: 5294: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5255: 5248: 5246: 5240: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5221: 5219: 5217:Aachen Theatre 5216: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5185: 5145:Greek Orthodox 5079: 5076: 5065:Robert Lefèvre 5016:Aachen Rathaus 5014:Main article: 5011: 5008: 4964:Aachen Gospels 4958:. Part of the 4930:were moved to 4916:Byzantine silk 4908:Aachen Gospels 4900:Constantinople 4872:Main article: 4869: 4866: 4792:Lateran Palace 4748:Main article: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4665:Invalid votes 4662: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4601: 4598: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4585: 4582: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4552: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4520: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4465: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4433: 4430: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4400: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4368: 4365: 4357: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4333: 4330: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4298: 4295: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4201: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4175: 4174:Invalid votes 4171: 4170: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4142: 4141:Adonis Böving 4139: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4090: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3947: 3945:Sibylle Keupen 3942: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3896:Sibylle Keupen 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3855:Liège Province 3814: 3811: 3810: 3809: 3799: 3778: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3722: 3695: 3694: 3688: 3678: 3668:Kornelimünster 3661: 3658:Verlautenheide 3651: 3650:: 52 Eilendorf 3645: 3639: 3600: 3597: 3572: 3569: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3406: 3405: 3402: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3352: 3351: 3348: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3284: 3281: 3259:in Aachen and 3195:Rhenish Massif 3144: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079:sunshine hours 3074: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2396: 2393: 2316:Rhenish Massif 2282:. The town of 2243: 2240: 2223: 2220: 2146: 2143: 2095:Jörg Friedrich 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2013:Rhine Province 1977:third congress 1948: 1945: 1941:duke of Jülich 1884:and physician 1867:religious wars 1818: 1815: 1786: 1783: 1768:Council of 837 1722:Aachen Minster 1712:who ruled the 1567: 1564: 1480: 1477: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1373: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1288: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1202: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1175: 1168: 1158: 1157: 1150: 1143: 1137: 1136: 1123: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1102: 1095: 1093:Aachen dialect 1089: 1088: 1082: 1079: 962: 959: 877:, becoming an 859:Middle Francia 761:drainage basin 678:Aachen dialect 588: 587: 575: 571: 570: 567: 561: 560: 557: 555:Dialling codes 551: 550: 547: 545: 539: 538: 528: 518: 517: 507: 501: 500: 497: 493: 492: 489: 485: 484: 480: 479: 476: 472: 471: 468: 464: 463: 459: 458: 455: 451: 450: 443:Sibylle Keupen 440: 430: 429: 425: 424: 419: 413: 412: 407: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 383: 379: 378: 344: 343: 328: 327: 320: 319: 313: 312: 311: 310: 296: 295: 288: 287: 281: 280: 279: 278: 277: 274: 273: 246: 240: 239: 236: 235: 229: 223: 219: 213: 212: 211: 208: 207: 196: 195: 194: 187: 180: 179: 175: 168: 167: 166: 159: 152: 151: 145: 138: 137: 130: 123: 122: 121: 116:Shrine of Mary 113: 106: 105: 98: 91: 90: 89: 77: 70: 69: 68: 67: 66: 63: 62: 57: 54: 53: 48:Aachen dialect 39: 34: 27: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11702: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11605: 11601: 11599: 11595: 11593: 11589: 11588: 11585: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11368: 11363: 11357: 11353: 11344: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11132: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11066: 11063: 11056: 11052: 11048: 11043: 11037: 11030: 11025: 11023: 11018: 11016: 11011: 11010: 11007: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10983:Saxony-Anhalt 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10922: 10918: 10916: 10910: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10738: 10733: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10676: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10653:Gelsenkirchen 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10597: 10592: 10584: 10579: 10577: 10572: 10570: 10565: 10564: 10561: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10533:Complete list 10531: 10530: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10503: 10501: 10498: 10496: 10493: 10491: 10488: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10315: 10311: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10234:Halle (Saale) 10232: 10230: 10229:Gelsenkirchen 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10109: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10082: 10078: 10074: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10030: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9971: 9968: 9964: 9956: 9951: 9949: 9944: 9942: 9937: 9936: 9933: 9922: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868:Districts of 9863: 9858: 9856: 9851: 9849: 9844: 9843: 9840: 9830: 9824: 9819: 9818: 9809: 9805: 9798: 9794: 9790: 9783: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9720: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9702: 9698: 9694: 9690: 9688:3-7927-0313-0 9684: 9680: 9676: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9655: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9612: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9593: 9589: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9551: 9549:0-8103-2541-1 9545: 9541: 9537: 9532: 9528: 9526:0-333-65244-4 9522: 9518: 9513: 9509: 9503: 9499: 9498: 9492: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9479: 9473: 9461: 9457: 9452: 9448: 9442: 9438: 9433: 9421: 9417: 9412: 9400: 9396: 9391: 9379: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9338: 9326: 9322: 9321:David Garrett 9318: 9313: 9301: 9297: 9292: 9280: 9276: 9271: 9267: 9265:0-7172-2068-0 9261: 9257: 9252: 9240: 9236: 9231: 9227: 9225:0-19-866184-3 9221: 9217: 9213: 9208: 9196: 9192: 9188: 9183: 9179: 9173: 9169: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9150:0-19-517068-7 9146: 9142: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9123:0-19-517068-7 9119: 9115: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9096:0-19-517068-7 9092: 9088: 9083: 9071: 9067: 9062: 9058: 9056:0-521-45341-0 9052: 9048: 9047: 9041: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9007: 9001: 8997: 8995:0-691-00797-7 8991: 8986: 8985: 8978: 8974: 8972:0-691-00796-9 8968: 8963: 8962: 8955: 8951: 8949:0-691-00795-0 8945: 8941: 8940: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8907: 8903: 8898: 8883: 8875: 8870: 8866: 8860: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8845: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8831:0-19-517068-7 8827: 8823: 8818: 8814: 8808: 8804: 8803: 8797: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8772: 8760: 8756: 8751: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8708: 8702: 8698: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8679: 8675: 8673:0-06-181235-8 8669: 8665: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8646:90-04-10483-6 8642: 8638: 8633: 8629: 8627:0-231-11040-5 8623: 8619: 8614: 8602: 8598: 8593: 8581: 8577: 8572: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8539: 8535: 8530: 8526: 8524:0-87196-126-1 8520: 8516: 8512: 8507: 8495: 8491: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8469: 8465: 8463:0-7172-0133-3 8459: 8455: 8450: 8446: 8444:0-275-97354-9 8440: 8436: 8435: 8429: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8404: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8379: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8331:Anon (2014). 8329: 8317: 8313: 8308: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8284: 8272: 8268: 8263: 8251: 8247: 8243: 8238: 8226: 8222: 8217: 8205: 8201: 8196: 8184: 8180: 8175: 8163: 8159: 8154: 8153: 8132: 8128: 8122: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8085: 8079: 8063: 8059: 8052: 8046:, p. 28. 8045: 8040: 8033: 8028: 8021: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7923: 7919: 7913: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7849: 7842: 7838: 7835: 7830: 7814: 7810: 7806: 7800: 7793: 7788: 7781: 7780:Knufinke 2013 7776: 7769: 7764: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7720: 7712: 7707: 7700: 7695: 7693: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7654: 7649: 7642: 7637: 7635: 7627: 7622: 7606: 7602: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7558: 7551: 7546: 7539: 7534: 7526: 7522: 7518: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7485: 7479: 7463: 7457: 7450: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7375: 7371: 7364: 7357: 7352: 7337: 7333: 7327: 7321:, p. 37. 7320: 7315: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7291: 7285:, p. 50. 7284: 7279: 7273:, p. 51. 7272: 7267: 7261:, p. 76. 7260: 7255: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7229: 7228:Holborn 1982b 7224: 7217: 7212: 7206:, p. 11. 7205: 7204:Holborn 1982b 7200: 7193: 7188: 7181: 7180:Holborn 1982a 7176: 7170:, p. 70. 7169: 7168:Holborn 1982a 7164: 7157: 7152: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7113: 7107:, p. 92. 7106: 7101: 7094: 7092: 7086: 7079: 7074: 7067: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7050: 7045: 7043: 7041: 7034:, p. 279 7033: 7028: 7022:, p. 45. 7021: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 6999:, p. 40. 6998: 6993: 6987:, p. 35. 6986: 6981: 6974: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6913: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6897:, p. 10. 6896: 6895:Eginhard 2012 6891: 6884: 6879: 6872: 6871:Freimann 1906 6867: 6860: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6843: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6816: 6811: 6809: 6801: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6780: 6775: 6768: 6763: 6756: 6751: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6707: 6705: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6653: 6650:(in German). 6649: 6643: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6610: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6574: 6568: 6559: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6534: 6525: 6518: 6512: 6502: 6496: 6488: 6487: 6470: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6387: 6338: 6331: 6327: 6315: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Aachen Prison 6257: 6255: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6236: 6233: 6232:Europe portal 6222: 6219: 6208: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6187: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6052: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6009: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5983:Ascension Day 5980: 5975: 5966: 5965:Angela Merkel 5963: 5959: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5897:(west-east), 5896: 5893: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5787: 5785: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5751:Aachen Schanz 5747: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5652: 5648: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5538: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5494: 5487: 5482: 5474: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5436:274835 Aachen 5433: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5314:StreetScooter 5307: 5302: 5293: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5271: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5237: 5232: 5229:Neues Kurhaus 5225: 5220: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5160:Jürgen Linden 5157: 5156:Kristallnacht 5153: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5124: 5110: 5109: 5103: 5101: 5096: 5095:Elisenbrunnen 5091: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5068: 5066: 5063:from 1805 by 5062: 5058: 5055:from 1807 by 5054: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5038:Alfred Rethel 5035: 5031: 5022: 5017: 5007: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4751: 4732: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4583: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4553: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4534: 4533: 4524: 4521: 4513: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4443: 4434: 4431: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4378: 4369: 4366: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4343: 4334: 4331: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4299: 4296: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4273: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4241: 4228: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4035:Wilhelm Helg 4031: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4004: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3971: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3951: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3923:Second round 3912: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3882: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3863:Gulpen-Wittem 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3672:Oberforstbach 3669: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585:West Germanic 3582: 3579:that divides 3578: 3564: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3501: 3493: 3491: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3437: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3419: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3401: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3383: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3365: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3329: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3265:active faults 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3230:Aachen Forest 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3203:Carboniferous 3200: 3199:Pennsylvanian 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3177: 3176:carboniferous 3173: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3135: 3130: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077:Mean monthly 3075: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2933: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2864: 2863:precipitation 2859: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2509: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2392: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2268: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2210:Kristallnacht 2204: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2190:Old Synagogue 2187: 2183: 2175: 2174:Kristallnacht 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2155:Old Synagogue 2151: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2118: 2116: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2048: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925:second treaty 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1835: 1828: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1690:raided Aachen 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1641: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1537:Elisenbrunnen 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1520:Münstertherme 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1479:Early history 1475: 1469: 1454: 1453:[ɑːç] 1450: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1422: 1419: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1378: 1374: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1319: 1317: 1316:Luxembourgish 1314: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1203: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1176: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1001: 997: 992: 988: 984: 979: 973: 968: 958: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 937:, along with 936: 933:celebrations 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 907: 905: 900: 895: 890: 888: 884: 880: 879:imperial city 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821: 817: 813: 808: 807: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 722: 717: 713: 706: 700: 696: 692: 687: 683: 679: 672: 666: 658: 657: 646: 639: 618: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594: 582: 576: 572: 568: 566: 562: 558: 556: 552: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 529: 525: 519: 515: 511: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 441: 436: 433: • 431: 426: 423: 420: 418: 414: 411: 408: 406: 405:Admin. region 402: 399: 396: 394: 390: 387: 384: 380: 375: 347:Coordinates: 345: 317: 285: 275: 244: 237: 227: 217: 209: 200: 190: 184: 172: 162: 156: 148: 142: 134: 127: 117: 110: 101: 95: 85: 81: 74: 64: 60: 55: 49: 43: 32: 26: 22: 11519:Schlettstadt 11514:Schmalkalden 11509:Schaffhausen 11484:Pfeddersheim 11399:Diessenhofen 10953:Lower Saxony 10913: 10805: 10674: 10607: 10415:Ludwigshafen 10204:Braunschweig 10178: 9994:Herzogenrath 9973: 9881:Aachen-Mitte 9869: 9807: 9806:Rice, Eric, 9792: 9788: 9764: 9760: 9743: 9739: 9722: 9718: 9709: 9705: 9678: 9674: 9657: 9653: 9644: 9640: 9615: 9597: 9579: 9539: 9535: 9516: 9496: 9477: 9464:. 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Retrieved 8158:"Stadtklima" 8135:. Retrieved 8121: 8109:. Retrieved 8100: 8091: 8083: 8078: 8066:. Retrieved 8062:the original 8056:Travelinho. 8051: 8039: 8027: 8015: 8003: 7991: 7979: 7967: 7955:. Retrieved 7946: 7937: 7925:. Retrieved 7921: 7912: 7900:. Retrieved 7891: 7881: 7873: 7866:. Retrieved 7857: 7848: 7829: 7817:. Retrieved 7813:the original 7808: 7799: 7792:Hoiberg 2010 7787: 7775: 7763: 7751:. Retrieved 7742: 7733: 7706: 7701:, p. 3. 7686:, p. 4. 7655:, p. 2. 7648: 7643:, p. 1. 7621: 7609:. Retrieved 7605:the original 7575:. Retrieved 7566: 7557: 7545: 7533: 7506: 7500: 7488:. Retrieved 7478: 7466:. Retrieved 7456: 7444: 7434:15 September 7432:. Retrieved 7428:the original 7414: 7404:25 September 7402:. Retrieved 7398: 7389: 7377:. Retrieved 7373: 7363: 7351: 7339:. Retrieved 7335: 7326: 7314: 7307:Stanton 2006 7302: 7295:Stanton 2006 7290: 7283:Stanton 2006 7278: 7271:Stanton 2006 7266: 7259:Stanton 2006 7235: 7223: 7211: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7163: 7151: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7105:Jourdan 1821 7100: 7090: 7085: 7078:Holborn 1982 7073: 7068:, p. 1. 7051:, p. ?. 7032:De Jong 1996 7027: 6997:Kitchen 1996 6992: 6985:Kitchen 1996 6980: 6968: 6963:, p. 4. 6939:. Retrieved 6928: 6919: 6890: 6885:, p. 1. 6878: 6866: 6861:, p. 2. 6844:, p. 1. 6774: 6762: 6757:, p. 15 6750: 6720: 6715:, p. 1. 6694: 6685: 6676: 6667: 6655:. Retrieved 6642: 6630:. Retrieved 6619: 6609: 6590: 6567: 6546: 6533: 6524: 6516: 6511: 6330: 6054: 6025: 6015: 5998:Bill Clinton 5995: 5991:Pope Francis 5970: 5938: 5929: 5921: 5912: 5902: 5889: 5876:DB Regio Bus 5863: 5861: 5856: 5844: 5825:Herzogenrath 5808: 5777: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5741: 5734: 5663:Hauptbahnhof 5660: 5637: 5634: 5611: 5594: 5588: 5564: 5558: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5527:mechatronics 5521: 5499: 5440:Erwin Schwab 5428: 5418: 5412: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5311: 5305: 5282: 5279: 5164: 5149: 5127: 5123:Marschiertor 5122: 5106: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5081: 5078:Other sights 5069: 5048: 5046: 5033: 5029: 5027: 5004:Ewald Mataré 4992:Maximilian I 4948:Lothar Cross 4888: 4835: 4813: 4805:opus sectile 4771: 4767: 4761: 4648:Valid votes 4628:Voter Group 4478:Volt Germany 4415:(Die Linke) 4246: 4235:City council 4157:Valid votes 4107:Ralf Haupts 4089:Jörg Polzin 4053:Leo Deumens 4017:Markus Mohr 3975:Harald Baal 3920:First round 3902:endorsed by 3893: 3819:Herzogenrath 3816: 3763:Lichtenbusch 3696: 3612:Aachen-Mitte 3606: 3602: 3588: 3577:Benrath line 3574: 3502: 3499: 3293:Nationality 3283:Demographics 3249:thrust fault 3246: 3211: 3169: 2865:mm (inches) 2454: 2443: 2440: 2428: 2404:climate zone 2398: 2320: 2273: 2225: 2222:21st century 2215:World War II 2208: 2179: 2153:View of the 2119: 2111: 2098: 2091:World War II 2088: 2065: 2041:World War II 2036:20th century 1985: 1958: 1947:19th century 1937: 1906: 1891: 1879: 1853:deposed all 1840: 1788: 1764: 1734: 1726:Maximilian I 1675:East Francia 1668: 1652:Jean Fouquet 1640:Karlsschrein 1638: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1586: 1582: 1569: 1541: 1536: 1528: 1519: 1513: 1493:Elisengarten 1492: 1482: 1405: 1285:Aquis Granum 1279:Aquae Granni 1071: 1024:Aquae granni 966: 964: 953:, a type of 908: 891: 863:East Francia 833:under first 823:Aquae Granni 822: 797: 792: 738: 716:Aquae Granni 616: 615: 543:Postal codes 242: 230:Coat of arms 25: 11650:1st century 11489:Rheinfelden 11434:Kaysersberg 11274:Schweinfurt 11234:Pfullendorf 11114:Dinkelsbühl 10938:Brandenburg 10485:Saarbrücken 10330:Bremerhaven 9906:Laurensberg 9833:(in German) 9426:4 September 9420:Der Spiegel 9401:(in German) 9306:4 September 8322:4 September 8277:4 September 8256:4 September 8111:23 November 8068:10 February 7957:21 November 7927:21 November 7684:Gaehde 1996 7611:16 November 7490:10 December 7379:14 November 7341:13 February 7192:Wilson 2004 7020:Ranson 1998 6941:18 February 6914:, p. 2 6769:, p. 1 6744:Kerner 2013 6725:Mielke 2013 6632:28 February 6556: [ 6312: [ 6264:Aachen tram 5903:Europaplatz 5782:in Aachen: 5745:Aachen West 5736:Euregiobahn 5589:The annual 5561:German army 5486:Gründerzeit 5425:gingerbread 5398:black metal 5391:discothèque 5387:Scotch Club 5372:Anno Domini 5348:Kangoo Z.E. 5346:'s smaller 5336:e.GO Mobile 5285:fine woolen 5243:Charlemagne 5167:monasteries 4928:St. Stephen 4904:Carolingian 4842:sarcophagus 4796:Carolingian 4788:Odo of Metz 4764:Charlemagne 4739:Main sights 4145:Independent 4093:Independent 3950:Independent 3900:independent 3787:, Melaten, 3781:Laurensberg 3775:Schleckheim 3759:Krauthausen 3751:Friesenrath 3715:Pontviertel 3681:Laurensberg 3628:Frankenberg 3589:Öcher Platt 3581:High German 3516:Population 3472:Netherlands 3277:Netherlands 3212:During the 2424:Foehn winds 2278:, close to 2260:Vaalserberg 2254:, with the 2232:RWTH Aachen 2193: [ 2158: [ 2068:World War I 1847:Netherlands 1791:Ada Gospels 1779:Paschal III 1757:Benedictine 1737:Middle Ages 1735:During the 1730:Ferdinand I 1683:West Franks 1627:Charlemagne 1615:Carolingian 1599:Charlemagne 1583:Aquis villa 1566:Middle Ages 1232:Akyísgranon 1226:Ακυίσγρανον 1063:Charlemagne 955:gingerbread 851:Charlemagne 839:Carolingian 835:Merovingian 781:Netherlands 721:Aquisgranum 585:(in German) 548:52062–52080 369: / 11619:Categories 11504:Sarrebourg 11499:St. Gallen 11419:Gelnhausen 11404:Donauwörth 11284:Überlingen 11254:Rothenburg 11249:Reutlingen 11244:Regensburg 11239:Ravensburg 11219:Nördlingen 11214:Nordhausen 11204:Mühlhausen 11169:Kaufbeuren 11139:Gengenbach 10774:Euskirchen 10707:Oberhausen 10687:Leverkusen 10643:Düsseldorf 10593:in Germany 10490:Salzgitter 10480:Reutlingen 10470:Regensburg 10410:Leverkusen 10395:Ingolstadt 10390:Hildesheim 10375:Heidelberg 10289:Oberhausen 10133:Düsseldorf 10080:1,000,000+ 9989:Eschweiler 9984:Baesweiler 9911:Richterich 9563:See also: 9487:B000MOT6T0 9466:9 February 9405:9 February 9384:9 February 9357:9 February 9285:9 February 9245:9 February 9201:9 February 9168:World Book 9076:9 February 9034:9 February 8891:9 February 8790:26 October 8765:9 February 8744:8 November 8607:9 February 8586:9 February 8534:"Homepage" 8500:9 February 8481:B000UUM90Y 8422:28 January 8397:9 November 8372:9 February 8301:9 February 8269:. Vienna. 8221:"Homepage" 8189:9 February 8168:9 February 8137:3 November 7641:Cohen 1998 7468:9 December 7399:www.dwd.de 7319:Baker 2004 7242:, p. 7049:Bayer 2000 6912:Merkl 2007 6767:Canby 1984 6755:Egger 1977 6713:Munro 1995 6583:References 6072:Montebourg 6055:Aachen is 6049:See also: 6012:Literature 5979:Karlspreis 5934:Maastricht 5880:Maastricht 5857:Campusbahn 5731:Siegerland 5727:Düsseldorf 5723:Ruhrgebiet 5691:Eschweiler 5630:New Tivoli 5612:The local 5599:equestrian 5580:New Tivoli 5088:Fischmarkt 4980:Charles IV 4960:Pala d'Oro 4858:Capitoline 4567:(Piraten) 4503:Die PARTEI 4075:Die PARTEI 3914:Candidate 3867:Simpelveld 3851:Plombières 3827:Eschweiler 3802:Richterich 3711:Burtscheid 3691:Richterich 3644:: 51 Brand 3636:Burtscheid 3624:Rothe Erde 3261:Burtscheid 3242:quaternary 3214:Cretaceous 3124:Source 1: 2984:(≥ 1.0 cm) 2937:(≥ 0.1 mm) 1981:Napoleonic 1902:rheumatism 1894:indication 1855:Protestant 1753:Burtscheid 1732:in 1531. 1663:pilgrimage 1635:Abul-Abbas 1525:Burtscheid 1497:Bronze Age 1472:See also: 1364:Aquisgrano 1358:Portuguese 1295:Limburgish 1273:Aquisgrana 1252:Aquisgrana 1166:Low German 935:in Germany 923:Limburgish 865:after the 749:Wurm River 710:; French: 483:Population 435:Lord mayor 428:Government 357:06°05′01″E 354:50°46′32″N 11675:Rhineland 11549:Turckheim 11539:Straßburg 11534:Solothurn 11319:Windsheim 11229:Offenburg 11224:Nuremberg 11209:Mülhausen 11199:Memmingen 11184:Leutkirch 11179:Kessenich 11159:Heilbronn 11134:Friedberg 11129:Frankfurt 11089:Bopfingen 10993:Thuringia 10921:Full list 10915:Districts 10898:Warendorf 10883:Steinfurt 10843:Paderborn 10784:Heinsberg 10779:Gütersloh 10722:Wuppertal 10712:Remscheid 10613:Bielefeld 10515:Wolfsburg 10475:Remscheid 10455:Pforzheim 10450:Paderborn 10445:Osnabrück 10440:Oldenburg 10380:Heilbronn 10355:Gütersloh 10350:Göttingen 10335:Darmstadt 10304:Wuppertal 10299:Wiesbaden 10264:Magdeburg 10239:Karlsruhe 10189:Bielefeld 10163:Stuttgart 10158:Nuremberg 10009:Simmerath 9891:Eilendorf 8200:"Profile" 8101:aachen.de 7525:0305-8719 7143:0008-9389 6859:Held 1997 6815:Anon 2013 6677:aachen.de 6539:city hall 6478:lah shah- 6176:Cape Town 6020:'s poem " 5987:City Hall 5974:‹See Tfd› 5845:Altenberg 5763:Eilendorf 5642:Transport 5603:Wimbledon 5523:FH Aachen 5468:Education 5434:Asteroid 5420:Lebkuchen 5417:. Unlike 5329:DHL Group 5137:mannerism 5061:Joséphine 5034:Katschhof 4996:Charles V 4896:Jerusalem 4819:canonised 4744:Cathedral 4505:(PARTEI) 3735:Eilendorf 3719:Preuswald 3648:Eilendorf 3593:Ripuarian 3218:North Sea 3191:limestone 3187:claystone 3183:greywacke 3179:sandstone 3162:from the 3160:formation 3157:claystone 3153:sandstone 2416:High Fens 2401:temperate 2308:High Fens 2252:High Fens 2242:Geography 2127:Waffen-SS 2123:artillery 1989:chef-lieu 1892:The main 1863:Frankfurt 1811:Lothair I 1803:patristic 1718:city hall 1702:Conrad II 1575:Rhineland 1489:Neolithic 1425:Aquisgrán 1370:Aquisgrão 1343:Akwizgran 1078:Language 1005:Neolithic 978:‹See Tfd› 965:The name 961:Etymology 919:Ripuarian 849:ruled by 837:and then 831:sedentism 798:The once 741:High Fens 724:) is the 714:; Latin: 610:North Sea 531:UTC+02:00 510:UTC+01:00 505:Time zone 475:Elevation 410:Cologne 84:cathedral 80:town hall 11592:Décapole 11444:Konstanz 11409:Duisburg 11384:Besançon 11259:Rottweil 11124:Eßlingen 11119:Dortmund 11104:Buchhorn 11084:Biberach 11079:Augsburg 10973:Saarland 10823:Mettmann 10759:Coesfeld 10717:Solingen 10638:Duisburg 10633:Dortmund 10520:Würzburg 10500:Solingen 10340:Erlangen 10274:Mannheim 10214:Duisburg 10209:Chemnitz 10184:Augsburg 10123:Dortmund 10019:Würselen 10014:Stolberg 9999:Monschau 9797:Archived 9773:57050855 9752:56004784 9731:72353488 9697:82178009 9666:66055599 9632:6532082M 9624:11015867 9607:14015908 9588:04028368 9574:(1845). 9460:Archived 9378:Archived 9331:10 April 9325:Archived 9300:Archived 9279:Archived 9239:Archived 9195:Archived 9159:96013628 9132:96013628 9105:96013628 9070:Archived 8911:"Aachen" 8840:96013628 8784:Archived 8759:Archived 8738:Archived 8736:. 2006. 8730:"Aachen" 8655:95025956 8580:Archived 8565:3 August 8559:Archived 8555:"Aachen" 8544:3 August 8538:Archived 8511:"Aachen" 8416:Archived 8391:Archived 8316:Archived 8271:Archived 8231:3 August 8225:Archived 8210:3 August 8204:Archived 8162:Archived 8131:Archived 8105:Archived 7951:Archived 7902:26 March 7896:Archived 7868:26 March 7862:Archived 7837:Archived 7819:26 March 7747:Archived 7571:Archived 6935:Archived 6626:Archived 6598:Archived 6486:-⁠ 6269:Aachener 6204:See also 6197:Kostroma 6137:Naumburg 5977:German: 5892:Autobahn 5829:Stolberg 5805:bus stop 5729:and the 5711:Eurostar 5699:Brussels 5687:Stolberg 5626:"Tivoli" 5614:football 5402:Nagelfar 5380:groschen 5363:carnival 5193:Grashaus 5084:Grashaus 5053:Napoleon 4984:Louis XI 4968:Henry II 4956:Otto III 4850:Theodric 4827:Otto III 4801:Ottonian 4729:Source: 4709:192,502 4685:102,781 4651:101,863 4413:The Left 4280:(Grüne) 4225:Source: 4217:192,435 4211:192,502 4194:102,818 4160:101,999 4057:The Left 3885:Politics 3877:(all in 3875:Kerkrade 3831:Stolberg 3823:Würselen 3797:Vetschau 3599:Boroughs 3556:245,885 3548:243,336 3540:238,665 3532:247,740 3524:246,570 3238:tertiary 3234:Lousberg 3232:and the 3172:Devonian 3164:Devonian 3151:Layered 3119:1,634.3 3029:Average 2930:(31.94) 2861:Average 2576:(101.5) 2546:(101.5) 2414:and the 2115:Würselen 2099:The Fire 2080:Duisburg 1983:France. 1898:syphilis 1882:humanist 1793:and the 1776:antipope 1770:and the 1741:Flanders 1669:In 936, 1529:Vernenum 1501:Iron Age 1485:Lousberg 1420:Spanish 1396:Russian 1247:Italian 1120:Aquisgrà 1065:had his 1061:, after 1011:. Latin 981:German: 947:culinary 931:carnival 743:and the 732:and the 569:AC / MON 422:Aachen 417:District 82:and the 11564:Warburg 11494:Rosheim 11479:Obernai 11474:Munster 11459:Lucerne 11429:Herford 11424:Hagenau 11394:Cambrai 11314:Wimpfen 11309:Wetzlar 11174:Kempten 11154:Hamburg 11144:Giengen 11109:Cologne 11059:By 1792 11038:of the 10933:Bavaria 10893:Viersen 10804:Kleve ( 10789:Herford 10702:Münster 10697:Mülheim 10682:Krefeld 10675:Cologne 10628:Bottrop 10460:Potsdam 10405:Koblenz 10325:Bottrop 10294:Rostock 10279:Münster 10254:Krefeld 10153:Leipzig 10148:Hanover 10128:Dresden 10097:Hamburg 10092:Cologne 10004:Roetgen 9979:Alsdorf 8347:31 July 8149:Sources 7858:Faz.net 7753:26 July 6657:20 June 6573:Walheim 6491:French: 6395:lə shə- 6163:Sarıyer 6098:Halifax 6057:twinned 5985:at the 5909:Airport 5833:Alsdorf 5818:⁄ 5703:Cologne 5683:Alsdorf 5679:Heerlen 5429:Printen 5353:Culture 5344:Renault 5265:Economy 5171:Baroque 5116:⁄ 5108:Ponttor 5100:theatre 5010:Rathaus 4912:diptych 4856:in the 4838:Ravenna 4784:Ravenna 4480:(Volt) 4353:18,676 4318:25,268 4283:34,712 4200:80,220 4166:79,688 4007:23,031 3989:26,003 3983:25,253 3965:53,685 3959:39,662 3871:Heerlen 3835:Roetgen 3806:Horbach 3793:Seffent 3789:Orsbach 3785:Lemiers 3767:Nütheim 3676:Walheim 3616:Ponttor 3571:Dialect 3436:Romania 3382:Morocco 3364:Ukraine 3251:of the 3222:pottery 3143:Geology 2925:(2.93) 2920:(2.62) 2915:(2.60) 2910:(2.68) 2905:(3.17) 2900:(3.11) 2895:(2.76) 2890:(2.56) 2885:(2.11) 2880:(2.33) 2875:(2.50) 2870:(2.53) 2856:(−4.7) 2846:(16.0) 2841:(21.7) 2836:(32.0) 2831:(38.1) 2826:(42.4) 2821:(35.2) 2816:(29.7) 2811:(23.4) 2806:(10.6) 2801:(−4.4) 2796:(−4.7) 2786:(44.8) 2781:(34.2) 2776:(39.9) 2771:(45.9) 2766:(52.2) 2761:(57.2) 2756:(57.9) 2751:(53.6) 2746:(48.7) 2741:(42.4) 2736:(38.1) 2731:(34.2) 2726:(33.4) 2716:(50.9) 2711:(37.9) 2706:(44.1) 2701:(51.4) 2696:(58.6) 2691:(64.9) 2686:(65.7) 2681:(61.9) 2676:(56.8) 2671:(50.0) 2666:(43.9) 2661:(38.8) 2656:(37.8) 2646:(58.1) 2641:(42.1) 2636:(48.9) 2631:(58.6) 2626:(66.9) 2621:(73.9) 2616:(74.7) 2611:(70.5) 2606:(65.3) 2601:(58.5) 2596:(51.1) 2591:(44.2) 2586:(42.3) 2571:(63.7) 2566:(71.8) 2561:(80.4) 2556:(93.7) 2551:(99.0) 2541:(97.9) 2536:(93.6) 2531:(86.0) 2526:(76.1) 2521:(68.9) 2516:(61.2) 2395:Climate 2386:⁄ 2372:⁄ 2358:⁄ 2344:⁄ 2330:⁄ 2288:Heerlen 2131:Rathaus 2084:Krefeld 2030:needles 2021:Belgium 2017:Cologne 1871:Baroque 1843:Spanish 1745:woollen 1710:Germany 1687:Lothair 1679:Otto II 1597:, 768, 1579:Einhard 1560:Cologne 1552:Gratian 1516:Hadrian 1509:Grannus 1462:History 1440:Walloon 1194:French 1114:Catalan 1043:Walloon 1029:Grannus 939:Cologne 927:Rhenish 806:thermae 777:Belgium 769:Cologne 763:of the 661:German: 574:Website 491:252,769 386:Germany 382:Country 330:Aachen 298:Aachen 36:Aachen 11630:Aachen 11574:Zürich 11559:Verdun 11554:Verden 11449:Landau 11439:Kolmar 11389:Brakel 11294:Wangen 11279:Speyer 11194:Lübeck 11189:Lindau 11149:Goslar 11099:Buchau 11094:Bremen 11069:Aachen 10978:Saxony 10943:Bremen 10806:Cleves 10799:Höxter 10754:Borken 10749:Aachen 10673:Köln ( 10618:Bochum 10608:Aachen 10495:Siegen 10259:Lübeck 10244:Kassel 10219:Erfurt 10194:Bochum 10179:Aachen 10118:Bremen 10102:Munich 10087:Berlin 9974:Aachen 9896:Haaren 9870:Aachen 9771: 9750: 9729: 9695: 9685: 9664: 9630: 9622: 9605: 9586: 9546: 9536:Aachen 9523: 9504: 9485: 9443: 9262: 9222: 9174: 9157: 9147: 9130: 9120: 9103: 9093: 9053: 8992: 8969: 8946: 8925: 8861: 8838: 8828: 8809: 8718: 8693: 8670: 8653: 8643: 8624: 8521: 8479: 8460: 8441: 7523: 7513: 7141: 6695:dw.com 6124:Ningbo 6111:Toledo 6059:with: 5847:) and 5843:(then 5841:Kelmis 5733:. The 5571:Sports 5488:houses 5455:118221 5453:M.P.C. 5133:Jesuit 4950:, the 4932:Vienna 4922:and a 4918:. The 4814:After 4688:100.0 4682:Total 4606:(ÖDP) 4570:1,226 4540:1,632 4508:2,295 4483:3,784 4453:3,816 4450:(AfD) 4418:4,694 4388:5,042 4385:(FDP) 4350:(SPD) 4315:(CDU) 4267:Seats 4258:Votes 4255:Party 4203:100.0 4197:100.0 4191:Total 4079:2,112 4061:2,397 4043:3,122 4025:3,387 3934:Votes 3928:Votes 3917:Party 3847:Kelmis 3843:Raeren 3741:Haaren 3729:Freund 3654:Haaren 3494:1,436 3487: 3476:1,543 3469: 3458:1,681 3454:Greece 3451: 3440:1,836 3433: 3422:1,879 3418:Poland 3415: 3404:2,025 3397: 3386:2,175 3379: 3368:2,583 3361: 3350:2,791 3343: 3332:3,225 3325: 3314:6,140 3310:Turkey 3307: 3226:Raeren 3110:121.5 3107:151.3 3104:196.9 3101:208.1 3098:207.9 3095:194.9 3092:168.7 3089:126.2 2977:189.6 2851:(2.3) 2467:Month 2082:, and 2066:After 2003:, the 1975:. The 1919:. 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