1335:
1308:
1010:
51:
1261:
758:
1842:
1687:
1532:
920:
780:
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1935:
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546:
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1201:
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1966:
494:
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1997:
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1253:
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890:
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1391:
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1540:
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2036:
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1170:, met with Bouteflika on the sidelines of the 15th Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit in Egypt. President Triet and Bouteflika agreed that the two countries still have great potential for development of political and trade relations. Triet praised the Algerian government for creating favourable conditions for the
1450:
In 2013, Bouteflika had a debilitating stroke. A journalist, Hichem Aboud, was pursued for "threatening national security, territorial integrity, and normal management of the
Republic's institutions" and the newspapers for which he wrote were censored, because he wrote that the President had returned
852:
Following Boumédienne's unexpected death in 1978, Bouteflika was seen as one of the two main candidates to succeed the powerful president. Bouteflika was thought to represent the party's "right wing" that was more open to economic reform and rapprochement with the West. Colonel
Mohamed Salah Yahiaoui
1416:
who had taken office 20 days earlier, formed a 27-member cabinet with only 6 of the appointees being retained from the outgoing president administration. The next day, Bouteflika announced that he would resign by 28 April 2019. Acceding to demands by the army chief of staff, he ultimately resigned a
1319:
Following yet another constitutional amendment, allowing him to run for a fourth term, Bouteflika announced that he would. He met the electoral law requiring a candidate to collect over 60,000 signatures from supporters in 25 provinces. On 18 April 2014, he was re-elected with 81% of the vote, while
957:
Algeria has been particularly active in
African relations, and in mending ties with the West, as well as trying to some extent to resurrect its role in the declining non-Aligned movement. However, it has played a more limited role in Arab politics, its other traditional sphere of interest. Relations
860:
In 1981, Bouteflika went into exile fleeing corruption charges. In 1983, he was convicted of corruption. After six years abroad, in 1989, the army brought him back to the
Central Committee of the FLN, after the country had entered a troubled period of unrest and disorganised attempts at reform, with
1811:
1359:
In June 2017, Bouteflika made a rare, and brief, appearance on
Algerian state television presiding over a cabinet meeting with his new government. In a written statement, he ordered the government to reduce imports, curb spending, and be wary of foreign debt. He called for banking sector reform and
820:
In 1981, he was charged with having stolen
Algerian embassies' money between 1965 and 1979. On 8 August 1983, Bouteflika was convicted by the Court of Financial Auditors and found guilty of having fraudulently taken 60 million dinars during his diplomatic career. Bouteflika was granted amnesty by
1594:
1294:
In 2010, journalists gathered to demonstrate for press freedom and against
Bouteflika's self-appointed role as editor-in-chief of Algeria's state television station. In February 2011, the government rescinded the state of emergency that had been in place since 1992 but still banned all protest
1159:
At the March 2005 meeting of Arab leaders, held in
Algiers, Bouteflika spoke out strongly against Israel, "The Israelis' continuous killing and refusal of a comprehensive and lasting peace, which the Arab world is calling for, requires from us to fully support the Palestinian people." Despite
905:
subsequently organised a referendum on his policies to restore peace and security to
Algeria (involving amnesties for Islamist guerrillas) and to test his support among his countrymen after the contested election. He won with 81% of the vote, but this figure was also disputed by opponents.
904:
In 1999, after ZĂ©roual unexpectedly stepped down and announced early elections, Bouteflika successfully ran for president as an independent candidate, supported by the military. All other candidates withdrew from the election immediately prior to the vote, citing fraud concerns. Bouteflika
986:. Several newspapers alleged that the election had not been fair. Frustration was expressed over extensive state control over the broadcast media. The electoral victory was widely seen as a confirmation of Bouteflika's strengthening control over the state, cemented through forcing General
825:, his colleagues Senouci and Boudjakdji were jailed. After the amnesty, Bouteflika was given back his diplomatic passport, a villa where he used to live but did not own, and all his debt was erased. He never paid back the money "he reserved for a new foreign affairs ministry's building".
1407:
in the days before the national demonstrations on 22 February, organized via social media. Those in
Algiers, where street protests are illegal, were the biggest in nearly 18 years. Protestors ripped down a giant poster of Bouteflika from the landmark Algiers central post office.
741:. In 1960, he was assigned to leading the Malian Front in the Algerian south and became known for his nom de guerre of Abdelkader al-Mali, which has survived until today. In 1962, at the arrival of independence, he aligned with Boumédienne and the border armies in support of
1371:
During his final term as president, Bouteflika was usually not been seen in public for more than two years, and several of his close associates had not seen him for more than one year. It was alleged that he could hardly speak and communicated by letter with his ministers.
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opposing his candidacy for a fifth term. With nearly 20 years in power, he is the longest-serving head of state of Algeria to date. Following his resignation, Bouteflika became a recluse and died at the age of 84 in 2021, over two years after his resignation.
3203:
La loi prévoit jusqu'à cinq ans de prison pour toute déclaration ou activité en rapport avec la «tragédie nationale» qui pourrait «porter atteinte» aux institutions nationales, à «l'honorabilité de ses agents» ou à «l'image de l'Algérie sur le plan
868:
to power. This triggered a civil war that would last throughout the 1990s. During this period, Bouteflika stayed on the sidelines, with little presence in the media and no political role. In January 1994, Bouteflika was said to have refused the
1044:
The PCSC totaled $ 60 billion of spending over the five-year period. Bouteflika also aimed to bring down the external debt from $ 21 billion to $ 12 billion in the same time. He also obtained from Parliament the reform of the law governing the
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to allow the President to run for office indefinitely and increase his powers. This was widely regarded as aimed to let Bouteflika run for president for a third term. In 2008, Belkhadem was shifted out of the premiership and his predecessor
1411:
On 11 March 2019, after sustained protests, Bouteflika announced that he would not seek a new term. However, his withdrawal from the elections was not enough to end the protests. On 31 March 2019, Bouteflika along with the Prime Minister
1276:. On 10 April 2009, it was announced that Bouteflika had won the election with 90.24% of the vote, on a turnout of 74%, thereby obtaining a new five-year term. Several opposition parties had boycotted the election, with the opposition
1440:, and discharged three weeks later. However, the length of time for which Bouteflika remained virtually incommunicado led to rumours that he was critically ill with stomach cancer. He checked into the hospital again in April 2006.
1032:
The first year of Bouteflika's second term implemented the Complementary Plan for Economic Growth Support (PCSC), which aimed for the construction of 1 million housing units, the creation of 2 million jobs, the completion of the
4109:
1029:" document. The law born of the referendum showed that one of Bouteflika's goals in promoting this blanket amnesty plan was to help Algeria recover its image internationally and to guarantee immunity to institutional actors.
1398:
On 10 February 2019, a press release signed by the long-ailing Bouteflika announcing he would seek a fifth consecutive term provoked widespread discontent. Youth protesters demanded his picture be removed from city halls in
4711:"BOE-A-2002-19305 Real Decreto 1042/2002, de 4 de octubre, por el que se concede el Collar de la Orden del MĂ©rito Civil a su excelencia señor Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Presidente de la RepĂșblica Argelina DemocrĂĄtica y Popular"
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gatherings and demonstrations. However, in April 2011, over 2,000 protesters defied an official ban and took to the streets of Algiers, clashing with police forces. Protesters noted that they were inspired by the recent
1057:. However, Bouteflika subsequently stepped back from this position and supported amendments to the hydrocarbon law in 2006, which propose watering down some of the clauses of the 2005 legislation relating to the role of
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1192:. Algeria has asserted itself forcefully as mediator in the conflict, perhaps underlining its growing regional influence. Compromise peace agreements were reached in 2007 and 2008, both mediated by Algiers.
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Benflis was second placed with 12.18%. The turnout was 51.7%, down from the 75% turnout in 2009. Several opposition parties boycotted the election again, resulting in allegations of fraud.
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Following his resignation, Bouteflika resumed his reclusiveness and made no public appearances due to failing health. Bouteflika spent his final years in a medicalised state residence in
8311:
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The Council of Ministers announced on 3 November 2008 that the planned constitutional revision proposal would remove the presidential term limit previously included in Article 74. The
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699:. He successively attended three schools in Oudja: Sidi Ziane, El Hoceinia, and Abdel Moumen High Schools, where he reportedly excelled academically. He was also affiliated with
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more investment in renewable energy and "unconventional fossil hydrocarbons". Bouteflika was reliant on a wheelchair and had not given a speech in public since 2014 due to
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857:. Bouteflika was reassigned the role of Minister of State, but successively lost power as Bendjedid's policies of "de-Boumédiennisation" marginalised the old guard.
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voted in 2004, which represented a significant increase over the violence-ridden legislative elections of 2002. Country-wide, the registered turnout rate was 59%.
1107:
had positive effects abroad, especially in North Africa. The diplomatic crisis which ensued delayed the signing of a friendship treaty between the two countries.
8090:
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1474:
Bouteflika's rule was marred by allegations of fraud and vote-tampering at elections from 1999 to 2019. He had already been convicted in 1983 of corruption. Per
1462:. He had been in failing health since he had a stroke in 2013. President Tebboune declared three days of national mourning after his death. He was buried at the
4428:
675:, Algeria. He had three half-sisters (Fatima, Yamina, and AĂŻcha), as well as four brothers (Abdelghani, Mustapha, Abderahim, and SaĂŻd) and one sister (Latifa).
8306:
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he held an account, during much of his presidency with a maximum balance worth over 1.4 million Swiss francs ($ 1.1 million) along with other family members.
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On 17 September 2021 Bouteflika died at his home in ZĂ©ralda from cardiac arrest at the age of 84. His death was announced on state television by President
1307:
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from participating in the 29th session of the UN. The suspension was challenged by the US, but upheld by the assembly by a vote of 91 to 22 on 13 November.
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Following independence in 1962, Bouteflika became deputy for Tlemcen in the Constituent Assembly and Minister for Youth and Sport in the government led by
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Following the constitutional amendment allowing him to run for a third term, on 12 February 2009, Bouteflika announced his independent candidacy in the
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On m'accuse d'avoir porté atteinte à la sécurité nationale, à l'intégrité territoriale et à la gestion habituelle des institutions de la République.
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50:
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that overthrew Ben Bella on 19 June 1965. Bouteflika continued as Minister for Foreign Affairs until the death of President Boumédienne in 1978.
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in the first talks between the United States and Algerian officials since the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
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during the 1974â1975 session. In 1983 he was convicted of stealing millions of dinars from Algerian embassies during his diplomatic career.
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in 1974 and of the seventh special session in 1975, becoming the youngest person to have done so. Algeria at this time was a leader of the
5151:
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3012:
643:. Following a stroke in 2013, Bouteflika had made few public appearances throughout his fourth term, making his final appearance in 2017.
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In 1992, the reform process ended abruptly when the army took power and scrapped elections that were about to bring the fundamentalist
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following his stroke. That same year, he made his final public appearance while unveiling a new metro station and the newly renovated
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Ties to Russia were strengthened and Russia agreed to forgive debts if Algeria began buying arms and gave Russian gas companies (
475:
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4983:"PERSUNI LI NGÄŠATAW SÄŠUBIJA ONORARJA FL-ORDNIJIET NAZZJONALI U D-DATA TA' META NGÄŠATAW L-GÄŠOTJIET L-ORDNI NAZZJONALI TAL-MERITU"
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679:, 20 years his junior, would later be appointed special counselor to his brother in 1999. Unlike SaĂŻd, who was raised mostly in
8346:
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criticism from the west, specifically the United States, Bouteflika insisted that Arab nations would reform at their own pace.
2534:
982:
that was accepted by Western observers as a free and fair election. This was contested by his rival and former chief of staff
853:
represented the "boumédiennist" left wing. In the end, the military opted for a compromise candidate, the senior army colonel
757:
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for one year; however his calls for reform of the League did not gain sufficient support to pass during the Algiers summit.
7933:
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877:; he claimed later that this was because the army would not grant him full control over the armed forces. Instead, General
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4681:"Speech given by H.E. Fidel Castro Ruz, upon awarding the José Martà Order to Abdelaziz Bouteflika, on May 6, 2001"
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1954:
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In 1956, Bouteflika went to the village of Ouled Amer near Tlemcen and subsequently joinedâat the age of 19âthe
8256:
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5263:
4953:"Algérie - Mali : Le Président Abdelaziz Bouteflika s'entretient avec le Président Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta"
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in a "comatose state" and had characterized SaĂŻd Bouteflika as the puppet-master running the administration.
1289:
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931:
729:, Morocco. In 1957â1958, he was designated a controller of Wilaya V, making reports on the conditions at the
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3884:"syriatimes.sy â President Assad Receives Congratulations from President Bouteflika on Winning Elections"
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809:
On 12 November 1974, in his capacity as president of the General Assembly, Bouteflika suspended the then
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3687:
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3311:"Le président algérien relance la polémique avec Paris sur le rÎle de la France durant la colonisation"
1148:
730:
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6189:
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1779:
581:; 2 March 1937 â 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as the seventh
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4011:
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1394:
Algerians gathered in Paris on 17 March 2019 to protest against the President Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
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1013:
Abdelaziz Bouteflika holding a speech at the inauguration of the Global Digital Solidarity Fund in
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in France in November 2014. In November 2016, he was hospitalized in France for medical checks.
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and his young Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika, in the company of the UN Secretary General
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a terrorist organization, Bouteflika voted with Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq to reject the motion.
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canceled her trip to Algeria an hour before takeoff, reportedly because Bouteflika had severe
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region. He also secured a friendship treaty with nearby Spain in 2002, and welcomed president
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28:
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power-struggles between Bendjedid and a group of army generals paralysing decision-making.
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On 8 April 2004, Bouteflika was re-elected by an unexpectedly high 85% of the vote in an
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Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
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2809:"False Spring: Credit Suisse Had Deep Ties to Arab Elite on Eve of Historic Uprisings"
2077:"UN General Assembly â President of the 62nd Session â Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algeria)"
1443:
A leaked diplomatic cable revealed that, by the end of 2008, Bouteflika had developed
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4308:"Algérie : la famille Bouteflika délogée de la résidence présidentielle ?"
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South Africa Is Suspended By U.N. Assembly, 91-22. New York Times. 13 November 1974.
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In November 2005, Bouteflika was admitted to a hospital in France, reportedly had a
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Oil and Gas Group to invest in oil and gas exploration and exploitation in Algeria.
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2645:"The Credentials Approach to Representation Questions in the U.N. General Assembly"
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In sub-Saharan Africa, a major concern of Bouteflika's Algeria had been on-and-off
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822:
410:
337:
295:
245:
219:
6983:
5584:
1996:
7858:
7815:
7753:
7723:
7693:
7663:
7593:
6010:
5770:
5755:
5700:
5594:
5554:
5539:
5340:
5312:
4378:
4359:
4340:
4158:
4132:
3921:
3694:
3656:
3633:
3558:
3444:
2486:
2245:
2143:
1324:
1265:
1252:
1038:
987:
967:
954:
in 2003. This was intended as a prelude to the signature of a friendship treaty.
874:
803:
766:
742:
647:
577:
557:
106:
5094:
4926:
3125:
1452:
889:
7830:
7728:
7718:
7678:
7643:
7533:
7483:
7367:
6997:
6642:
6572:
6530:
5845:
5695:
5654:
5579:
5564:
5534:
5494:
5489:
5474:
5454:
5255:
5064:
The Battle of the Casbah: Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Algeria, 1955â1957
1475:
1444:
1205:
1144:
963:
947:
893:
842:
838:
837:
Bouteflika (second from right) at the 1979 Arab League summit in Baghdad, with
726:
636:
381:
6860:
5740:
5735:
3076:"Morocco/Algeria: Jeune Afrique, a magazine caught between two mortal enemies"
2504:
1025:
on his "Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation", inspired by the 1995 "
8230:
7783:
7773:
7763:
7608:
7558:
7553:
7503:
7468:
7272:
6695:
6681:
6614:
6544:
6421:
6228:
6038:
5730:
5629:
5609:
5589:
5549:
5464:
4808:(in Spanish). Lima, Peru: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from
4624:
4459:
4392:"Cable 07ALGIERS1806, AN AILING AND FRAGILE ALGERIAN REGIME DRIFTS INTO 2008"
4066:
2777:
2759:
2588:
2273:
1497:
1493:
1390:
1349:
1230:
1185:
1084:
870:
787:
692:
631:
in 2002 when he took over the project of his immediate predecessor President
134:
116:
101:
4740:
7668:
7543:
7523:
6832:
6779:
6751:
6723:
6558:
6491:
6477:
6326:
6298:
6203:
6024:
5619:
5509:
5307:
5184:
2987:"Algeria's Bouteflika: Broker of the Ethiopia-Eritrea deal Abiy actualized"
2027:
1233:
brought in, having also come out in favor of the constitutional amendment.
1213:
814:
671:, Morocco. He was the son of Mansouria Ghezlaoui and Ahmed Bouteflika from
659:
589:
527:
307:
5859:
4097:
966:, despite some expectations of a thaw in 1999, which was also the year of
7583:
7528:
7518:
7267:
7076:
6407:
5873:
5745:
5690:
5670:
5604:
5569:
5323:
3627:"Algérie: vers la suppression de la limitation des mandats présidentiels"
3457:"Algeria's Hezbollah stance 'reflects view on resistance, not terrorism'"
1793:
1177:
In March 2016, the foreign ministers of the Arab league voted to declare
1130:
1126:
1054:
1050:
983:
738:
640:
588:
Before his stint as an Algerian politician, Bouteflika served during the
111:
4455:"Algérie : quand Saïd Bouteflika orchestre le silence présidentiel"
2596:
1088:
1037:, the completion of the Algiers subway project, the delivery of the new
7956:
7703:
7488:
6888:
6586:
6242:
6091:
5765:
5529:
5514:
4952:
3403:
2764:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algeria's Longest-Serving President, Dies at 84"
1353:
1312:
2512:
1810:
1421:
1375:
737:. He became one of his closest collaborators and a core member of his
733:
and in west Algeria, but later became the administrative secretary of
709:
596:. After Algeria gained its independence from France, he served as the
399:
6807:
6737:
6709:
5816:
5624:
2242:"Bouteflika : Maquisard, Ministre et Président de la république"
1886:
1400:
1240:
endorsed the removal of the term limit on 12 November 2008; only the
1178:
1058:
1046:
810:
769:; the following year, he was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs.
700:
696:
5112:"Algeria Under Bouteflika: Civil Strife and National Reconciliation"
4655:"Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana"
3858:"Algeria's ailing Bouteflika clinches fourth term amid fraud claims"
2370:"Algeria Under Bouteflika: Civil Strife and National Reconciliation"
1593:
7795:
7212:
5519:
5345:
4282:"Algeria: what becomes of Abdelaziz Bouteflika, deposed president?"
4104:
4098:
Amir Akef; Charlotte Bozonnet; Madjid Zerrouky (23 February 2019).
3315:
2567:(1976). "The Fifth Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement".
1669:
1328:
939:
5081:
Holm, Ulla (2005). "Algeria: President Bouteflika's Second Term".
4896:
3404:"Middle East: Arab Leaders Resist U.S. Pressure At Algiers Summit"
3282:"Former head of Algeria's Sonatrach to face trial over corruption"
3112:
Holm, Ulla (2005). "Algeria: President Bouteflika's Second Term".
962:
remained quite tense, with diplomatic clashes on the issue of the
7427:
7387:
7343:
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
4004:"Algeria's Bouteflika urges spending cuts, warns on foreign debt"
1948:
1855:
1700:
1545:
1425:
1361:
1299:, and that Algeria was a police state and "corrupt to the bone".
1171:
1152:
1111:
1075:
998:
951:
935:
897:
680:
672:
4186:"Beset by protests, Algeria's Bouteflika will not seek new term"
2144:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algeria's longest-serving president dies"
725:. He received his military education at the Ăcole des Cadres in
7422:
7232:
5137:
3650:"Algerian opposition pulls out of 'pathetic' presidential vote"
2041:
1824:
1762:
1404:
1119:
1095:
During Bouteflika's second term he was sharply critical of the
1014:
688:
7045:
4569:"Algeria gives disgraced ex-leader Bouteflika 3-days mourning"
3252:"Algeria's Bouteflika approves constitutional reform proposal"
2489:(1996). "Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961â1965".
1061:, the state owned oil & gas company, in new developments.
687:, where his father had emigrated as a youngster. The son of a
2010:
1638:
1576:
1115:
684:
668:
377:
4897:"106/2007. (VI. 1.) KE hatĂĄrozat kitĂŒntetĂ©s adomĂĄnyozĂĄsĂĄrĂłl"
4419:""SaĂŻd Bouteflika veut me faire taire. Il n'y arrivera pas""
4024:
3602:"Algeria appoints interim prime minister ahead of elections"
2107:"AlgĂ©rie : Bouteflika et les femmes â JeuneAfrique.com"
1707:
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
1195:
828:
4513:"L'ex président Abdelaziz Bouteflika n'est plus | El Watan"
4221:"Algeria's Bouteflika will resign by April 28: State media"
2873:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika: Algeria's longest-serving president"
1979:
1731:
1607:
1323:
Bouteflika cabled his congratulations to freshly-reelected
1189:
8312:
Permanent Representatives of Algeria to the United Nations
4252:"Algerian president Bouteflika resigns: state news agency"
2685:"Algerian President Bouteflika Convicted Of Theft In 1983"
1424:, a suburb of Algiers. He also had a private residence in
1021:
During the first year of his second term, Bouteflika held
4741:"CidadĂŁos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas"
2899:"PROFILE: Former Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika"
2147:
1327:
on 19 April 2014. Bouteflika was admitted to a clinic at
1041:, and other similar large scale infrastructure projects.
4487:"Former Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika is dead"
2954:"Bouteflika Gets 99 Percent "Yes" in Algeria Peace Vote"
2844:"Who is Former Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika?"
2334:"Who is Former Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika?"
990:
to resign as his chief of staff and replacing him "with
4657:(in Italian). Scrivi alla Presidenza della Repubblica.
5015:"ĐĐžĐșĐŸĐ»ĐžŃ: ĐĐœĐ°ŃĐ°ŃĐœĐ° ĐżĐŸĐŽŃŃĐșĐ° ĐлжОŃĐ° ĐŽĐ° ĐœĐ” ĐżŃĐžĐ·ĐœĐ° ĐĐŸŃĐŸĐČĐŸ"
4595:"Algeria buries former president Abdelaziz Bouteflika"
4452:
3013:"Algeria, Spain keen to step up strategic partnership"
2457:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika, president of Algeria Biography"
2239:
2200:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika | Biography, Facts, & Death"
1341:
with Abdelaziz Bouteflika in Algiers, October 19, 2016
1302:
973:
7363:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
4840:(in Portuguese). Ministério das RelaçÔes Exteriores.
4543:"Former Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika dies"
2612:"Kissinger Meets Waldheim and Bouteflika at the U.N."
1247:
884:
615:
in a landslide victory. He would win re-elections in
3492:"Can France and Algeria find common ground on Mali?"
3375:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the Algerian Ghost President"
2363:
2361:
1220:
In 2006, Bouteflika appointed a new Prime Minister,
1103:âordering French history school books to teach that
571:
1376:
Candidacy for fifth term, protests, and resignation
1122:) access to joint fossil-fuel ventures in Algeria.
873:'s proposal to succeed the assassinated president,
646:Bouteflika resigned on 2 April 2019 amid months of
4343:, Associated Press (news24.com), 18 December 2005.
3517:
1224:. Belkhadem then announced plans that violate the
934:in 2000, secured the Algiers Peace Treaty between
8317:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
5818:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly
5435:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity
4745:PĂĄgina Oficial das Ordens HonorĂficas Portuguesas
3939:"Algerian president in France for medical checks"
2925:"Algeria's president rejects vote-rigging claims"
2358:
2015:Honorary Companions of Honour with Collar of the
667:Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born on 2 March 1937 in
8228:
5285:
5202:Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity
5175:President of the United Nations General Assembly
3806:"Bouteflika wins 4th term as Algerian president"
3688:Bouteflika wins third term as Algerian president
1053:industries, despite initial opposition from the
627:. As President, he presided over the end of the
602:President of the United Nations General Assembly
273:President of the United Nations General Assembly
8292:National Liberation Front (Algeria) politicians
3576:"Bouteflika announces constitutional revisions"
2649:Californian a Western International Law Journal
2638:
2636:
747:Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
500:Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic
4184:Chikhi, Lamine; Hamid, Ahmed (11 March 2019).
3969:"Germany: Chancellor Cancels Visit To Algeria"
1283:
285:17 September 1974 â 15 September 1975
7061:
5802:
5419:
5271:
4416:
4310:(in French). Maroc Diplomatique. 2 May 2019.
4025:Akram BelkaĂŻd; Makdar Benchiba (April 2009).
3832:"Algeria's ailing president wins fourth term"
3776:"Algeria's Bouteflika to run for re-election"
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
3961:
3770:
3768:
3043:"Chirac sees new day for France and Algeria"
2757:
2633:
2266:
1256:Abdelaziz Bouteflika in Tlemcen, 24 May 2011
209:28 January 2005 â 17 September 2021
38:
5061:
4183:
4100:"Algérie:révolte inédite contre le pouvoir"
3998:
3996:
3994:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3683:
3681:
3438:VN President meets Algerian leader in Egypt
3398:
3396:
3305:
3303:
3140:
654:
7068:
7054:
5809:
5795:
5426:
5412:
5278:
5264:
4018:
3547:
3545:
2867:
2865:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2642:
2609:
2434:
1431:
49:
8307:People of the 2010â2012 Algerian protests
3765:
2981:
2979:
2485:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
1862:Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
1196:Constitutional amendment for a third term
829:Succession struggle, corruption and exile
5109:
3991:
3730:
3678:
3643:
3393:
3300:
3040:
3036:
3034:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2610:Montgomery, Paul L. (22 December 1974).
2367:
1389:
1333:
1311:Bouteflika with U.S. Secretary of State
1306:
1264:Bouteflika with U.S. Secretary of State
1259:
1251:
1199:
1135:
1074:
1008:
926:and Abdelaziz Bouteflika in October 2003
918:
888:
832:
778:
756:
708:
658:
327:4 September 1963 â 8 March 1979
4561:
4489:. Observer Algerie. 18 September 2021.
4159:"Algeria's Bouteflika warns of 'chaos'"
4093:
4091:
4089:
3669:"Bouteflika seeks third term in office"
3561:, by Hassane Meftahi, 26 May 2006; and
3542:
3519:"Algerian leader replaces PM with ally"
3486:
3484:
3482:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3214:
3212:
3175:
3173:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
2862:
2746:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2563:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
1466:on 19 September in a subdued ceremony.
970:'s accession to the throne in Morocco.
8229:
4605:from the original on 22 September 2021
4575:from the original on 18 September 2021
4549:from the original on 19 September 2021
4493:from the original on 18 September 2021
4314:from the original on 18 September 2021
4056:
4054:
4027:"En Algérie, les décideurs de l'ombre"
3864:from the original on 17 September 2021
3608:from the original on 18 September 2021
3582:from the original on 18 September 2021
3498:from the original on 18 September 2021
3467:from the original on 10 September 2017
3381:from the original on 18 September 2021
3288:from the original on 18 September 2021
3262:from the original on 18 September 2021
3232:from the original on 21 September 2021
3082:from the original on 17 September 2021
3070:
3068:
3053:from the original on 17 September 2021
2993:from the original on 17 September 2021
2976:
2964:from the original on 17 September 2021
2948:
2946:
2879:from the original on 17 September 2021
2850:from the original on 17 September 2021
2838:
2836:
2834:
2621:from the original on 13 September 2018
2545:from the original on 18 September 2021
2535:"Former Algerian president dies at 84"
2125:
1583:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1004:
774:military coup led by Houari Boumediene
600:between 1963 until 1979. He served as
585:from 1999 to his resignation in 2019.
16:President of Algeria from 1999 to 2019
7049:
5790:
5407:
5259:
4877:from the original on 16 November 2022
4803:"Condecorados: Orden El Sol del PerĂș"
4394:. US State Department. Archived from
4288:from the original on 28 February 2021
4249:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4130:
4112:from the original on 24 February 2019
3838:from the original on 6 September 2020
3812:from the original on 27 November 2020
3530:from the original on 10 December 2022
3343:"Algeria â Air Force â Modernization"
3193:from the original on 16 December 2019
3181:"L'Algérie entre amnistie et amnésie"
3031:
2819:from the original on 23 February 2022
2796:
2670:
2113:from the original on 18 February 2018
1481:
1280:citing a "tsunami of massive fraud".
942:, and supported peace efforts in the
761:Bouteflika (fourth from left) in 1965
721:, which was a military branch of the
576:
79:27 April 1999 â 2 April 2019
7353:Syrian Revolution General Commission
5080:
5025:from the original on 7 February 2024
4963:from the original on 7 February 2024
4907:from the original on 7 February 2024
4783:from the original on 16 January 2023
4751:from the original on 8 February 2012
4721:from the original on 7 February 2024
4691:from the original on 7 February 2024
4661:from the original on 8 December 2015
4635:from the original on 16 January 2024
4571:. Click2Houston. 18 September 2021.
4086:
4074:from the original on 5 February 2016
3949:from the original on 1 February 2020
3743:"Algeria protesters push for change"
3718:from the original on 12 October 2017
3708:"Algeria: Stop Suppressing Protests"
3479:
3426:
3414:from the original on 12 October 2017
3209:
3170:
3111:
3094:
2931:from the original on 2 November 2021
2905:from the original on 2 November 2021
2711:
2314:from the original on 12 October 2017
2298:
2296:
2222:
2154:from the original on 11 October 2022
2071:
2069:
2067:
663:Market street in Oujda, around 1920.
237:17 June 2002 â 2 April 2019
8272:Collars of the Order of Civil Merit
4771:"Bundeskanzler Anfragebeantwortung"
4417:Alain Jordain (19 September 2013).
4372:"Algeria leader in French hospital"
4051:
3148:"Protesters boycott Algerian Polls"
3078:. The Africa Report. 8 March 2021.
3065:
2943:
2831:
2180:from the original on 4 January 2021
1382:2019 Algerian presidential election
1303:Fourth term as President, 2014â2019
1129:Summit and became President of the
1064:
974:Second term as President, 2004â2009
794:He also served as president of the
561:
39:
13:
8297:People expelled from public office
7403:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
7318:Society for Development and Change
5055:
4867:"Korea's Grand Order of Mugunghwa"
4625:"Olympedia â Abdelaziz Bouteflika"
4362:, no author, date 15 December 2005
4208:
3914:"Bouteflika hospitalisé à Grenoble
2730:. 12 February 1979. Archived from
2467:from the original on 17 April 2021
2346:from the original on 22 April 2021
2281:from the original on 27 April 2020
2210:from the original on 17 April 2021
1248:Third term as President, 2009â2014
885:First term as President, 1999â2004
14:
8358:
8342:Algerian people with disabilities
5130:
4995:from the original on 28 July 2023
4847:from the original on 8 March 2024
4431:from the original on 7 April 2019
4262:from the original on 2 April 2019
4231:from the original on 1 April 2019
4196:from the original on 1 April 2019
4165:from the original on 7 March 2019
4139:from the original on 7 March 2019
4133:"The president who doesn't speak"
4039:from the original on 7 April 2019
3786:from the original on 2 March 2014
3355:from the original on 24 July 2020
3323:from the original on 24 July 2020
3158:from the original on 4 April 2019
3041:Sciolino, Elaine (4 March 2003).
2815:. OCCRP and SĂŒddeutsche Zeitung.
2492:Journal of Latin American Studies
2422:from the original on 7 April 2019
2390:from the original on 25 July 2011
2293:
2269:"SaĂŻd Bouteflika: Mister mystĂšre"
2087:from the original on 4 March 2021
2064:
1736:Grand Cross with Diamonds of the
1244:(RCD) voted against its removal.
1125:In 2004 Bouteflika organised the
908:
578:[ÊabdelÊaziËzbuËtefliËqa]
452: 1990, divorced)
8211:
8210:
7030:
7016:
7002:
6988:
6963:
6949:
6935:
6921:
6907:
6893:
6879:
6865:
6851:
6837:
6812:
6798:
6784:
6770:
6756:
6742:
6728:
6714:
6700:
6686:
6661:
6647:
6633:
6619:
6605:
6591:
6577:
6563:
6549:
6535:
6510:
6496:
6482:
6468:
6454:
6440:
6426:
6412:
6398:
6384:
6359:
6345:
6331:
6317:
6303:
6289:
6275:
6261:
6247:
6233:
6208:
6194:
6180:
6166:
6152:
6138:
6124:
6110:
6096:
6082:
6057:
6043:
6029:
6015:
6001:
5987:
5973:
5959:
5945:
5931:
5917:
5892:
5878:
5864:
5850:
5836:
5375:
5136:
4933:from the original on 9 July 2022
4467:from the original on 22 May 2024
4334:"Bouteflika 'completely healed'"
4035:(in French). pp. 1, 16â17.
3979:from the original on 22 May 2024
3894:from the original on 24 May 2019
3753:from the original on 5 June 2017
2244:. Ennahar Online. Archived from
2034:
2026:
2003:
1995:
1972:
1964:
1941:
1933:
1910:
1902:
1879:
1871:
1848:
1840:
1817:
1809:
1786:
1778:
1755:
1747:
1724:
1716:
1693:
1685:
1662:
1654:
1631:
1623:
1600:
1592:
1569:
1561:
1538:
1530:
1508:
802:. He had discussions there with
492:
474:
8287:Government ministers of Algeria
8262:Algerian expatriates in Morocco
8004:Libyan civil war (2011âpresent)
7383:Constitutional Democratic Rally
7248:National Association for Change
7075:
5007:
4975:
4959:(in French). 1 September 2015.
4945:
4919:
4889:
4859:
4827:
4795:
4763:
4733:
4703:
4673:
4647:
4617:
4587:
4535:
4505:
4479:
4446:
4410:
4384:
4365:
4346:
4326:
4300:
4284:. Jeune Afrique. 13 July 2019.
4274:
4243:
4177:
4151:
4124:
3931:
3906:
3876:
3850:
3824:
3798:
3700:
3662:
3620:
3594:
3568:
3510:
3449:
3408:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3367:
3335:
3274:
3244:
3005:
2917:
2891:
2699:
2659:
2603:
2557:
2527:
2479:
2402:
2048:Order of the Republic of Serbia
1581:Knight Grand Cross with Collar
1502:International Olympic Committee
1242:Rally for Culture and Democracy
1204:Bouteflika with U.S. President
1079:Abdelaziz Bouteflika meets the
796:United Nations General Assembly
449:
7654:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
5391:
4776:(in German). parlament.gv.at.
4453:Benjamin Roger; Farid Alilat.
4010:. 15 June 2017. Archived from
3494:. France24. 12 December 2012.
2989:. Africa News. 18 April 2019.
2581:10.1080/00064246.1976.11413869
2326:
2267:Farid Alilat (5 August 2013).
2260:
2192:
2166:
2099:
1924:Order of the Star of Palestine
1860:Grand Cross with Chain of the
1216:, TĆyako Town, on 7 July 2008.
1212:, and Japanese Prime Minister
994:, his close friend and ally."
950:of France on a state visit to
1:
8347:Politicians with disabilities
7398:Tunisian General Labour Union
7288:National Transitional Council
7088:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
5040:
4250:Ahmed, Hamid (4 April 2019).
3834:. Al Jazeera. 18 April 2014.
3808:. Al Arabiya. 18 April 2014.
3578:. France24. 29 October 2008.
2240:Dalila Belkheir; Khadidja B.
2174:"Introduction ::Algeria"
1893:Order of Francisco de Miranda
932:Organisation of African Unity
930:Bouteflika presided over the
8332:21st-century Algerian people
8327:20th-century Algerian people
8282:Foreign ministers of Algeria
8277:Defense ministers of Algeria
7629:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
7327:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
4835:"Condecorados com HistĂłrico"
4131:Jawad, Rana (6 March 2019).
4062:"Algeria: Who is in charge?"
1469:
1417:day later, on 2 April 2019.
1071:Foreign relations of Algeria
915:Foreign relations of Algeria
896:and Abdelaziz Bouteflika in
800:Non-Aligned Nations Movement
772:He was a prime mover in the
7:
8009:Egyptian crisis (2011â2014)
7218:February 14 Youth Coalition
5095:10.1080/1362939042000338881
3860:. France24. 18 April 2014.
3319:(in French). 29 June 2005.
3220:"Algerian Economic Outlook"
3126:10.1080/1362939042000338881
3015:. Xinhuanet. Archived from
1769:Order of the Southern Cross
1556:27 April 1999 (ex-officio)
1284:2010â2012 Algerian protests
598:Minister of Foreign Affairs
572:
315:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
8363:
5066:. New York: Enigma Books.
5062:Aussaresses, Paul (2010).
4381:, BBC News, 20 April 2006.
3284:. Reuters. 5 August 2021.
1379:
1287:
1274:2009 presidential election
1238:People's National Assembly
1149:Houari Boumedienne Airport
1068:
912:
40:Űčۚۯ ۧÙŰčŰČÙŰČ ŰšÙŰȘÙÙÙÙŰ©
8206:
8147:
8116:
8058:
8017:
7849:
7446:
7433:General People's Congress
7413:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes
7253:National Democratic Party
7202:
7096:
7083:
6976:
6825:
6674:
6523:
6372:
6221:
6070:
5905:
5824:
5663:
5445:
5384:
5373:
5298:
5240:
5231:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5199:
5191:
5181:
5172:
5164:
5159:
5110:Tlemçani, Rachid (2008).
2742:– via www.time.com.
2505:10.1017/s0022216x00012670
2368:Tlemçani, Rachid (2008).
1486:
1345:On 20 February 2017, the
1290:2010â12 Algerian protests
900:, Moscow, on 4 April 2001
752:
723:National Liberation Front
611:, Bouteflika was elected
594:National Liberation Front
533:
523:
515:
505:
487:
482:
470:
459:
433:
425:
417:
406:
387:
364:
359:
355:
343:
331:
320:
313:
301:
289:
278:
271:
261:
251:
241:
230:
225:
213:
202:
197:National Liberation Front
194:
170:
158:
83:
72:
64:
60:
48:
35:
23:
8091:death of Muammar Gaddafi
7479:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
7454:Women in the Arab Spring
7283:National Liberation Army
7263:Revolutionary Socialists
7258:National Salvation Front
3920:17 November 2014 at the
3697:â reuters, 10 April 2009
2708:newspaper, 9 August 1983
2461:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2058:
1800:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
1738:Order of the Sun of Peru
1438:gastric ulcer hemorrhage
719:National Liberation Army
655:Early life and education
639:in February 2011 amidst
510:National Liberation Army
350:Mohammed Seddik Benyahia
36:
8060:International reactions
7821:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani
7744:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
7624:Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
7514:Mohamed Hussein Tantawy
7358:Syrian National Council
7308:Women to drive movement
4988:. Government of Malta.
3659:, AFP, 15 January 2009.
3655:24 January 2013 at the
3636:, AFP, 3 November 2008
3632:6 November 2008 at the
2204:Encyclopedia Britannica
2017:National Order of Merit
1552:National Order of Merit
1432:Personal life and death
1188:rebellions in northern
866:Islamic Salvation Front
683:, Abdelaziz grew up in
573:ÊżAbd al-ÊżAzÄ«z BĆ«taflÄ«qa
7841:Mohammed Ali al-Houthi
7699:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
7298:February 25th Movement
7228:April 6 Youth Movement
6011:Prince Wan Waithayakon
5083:Mediterranean Politics
4358:28 August 2006 at the
4353:middle-east-online.com
3114:Mediterranean Politics
2846:. Morocco World News.
2758:Zerdoumi, Amir Jalal;
2304:"Abdelaziz Bouteflika"
1986:National Order of Mali
1395:
1386:2019 Algerian protests
1342:
1316:
1278:Socialist Forces Front
1269:
1257:
1217:
1156:
1092:
1087:, on a state visit to
1018:
997:Only 17% of people in
927:
901:
849:
791:
762:
714:
664:
8257:Algerian nationalists
8237:Presidents of Algeria
8086:military intervention
7836:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
7811:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
7791:United Arab Emirates:
7599:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
5335:Abdelmalek Benhabyles
5287:Presidents of Algeria
4601:. 19 September 2021.
4161:. BBC. 7 March 2019.
4032:Le Monde Diplomatique
2762:(18 September 2021).
2724:"ALGERIA: New Leader"
2176:. 22 September 2021.
2150:. 17 September 2021.
1955:Order of the Republic
1676:Order of Prince Henry
1393:
1337:
1310:
1263:
1255:
1226:Algerian Constitution
1203:
1139:
1078:
1069:Further information:
1012:
922:
913:Further information:
892:
836:
782:
760:
712:
662:
516:Years of service
7734:Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
7539:Khaled Mohamed Saeed
7464:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
5367:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
5356:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
5248:Acting Head of State
5234:President of Algeria
5145:at Wikimedia Commons
5143:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
4523:on 18 September 2021
4014:on 23 November 2018.
3675:), 12 February 2009.
3443:26 July 2009 at the
3258:. 29 December 2015.
3019:on 17 September 2021
2784:on 23 September 2021
2734:on 30 September 2007
1953:Grand Cordon of the
1767:Grand Collar of the
1674:Grand Collar of the
1645:Order of Civil Merit
1550:Grand Collar of the
1492:In 2004 he received
1460:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
1339:Mohamad Hamid Ansari
1208:, Russian President
1165:President of Vietnam
1027:Sant'Egidio Platform
613:president of Algeria
583:president of Algeria
540:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
267:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
186:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
143:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
67:President of Algeria
25:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
7826:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar
7759:Rashid al-Ghannushi
7714:Wael Nader al-Halqi
7604:Mustafa Abdul-Jelil
7494:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
5361:Abdelkader Bensalah
5244:Abdelkader Bensalah
4929:(in Arabic). Wafa.
4871:Korean Medals íê” ë©ëŹ
4545:. The Irish Times.
4398:on 11 February 2011
4377:15 May 2006 at the
4070:. 6 February 2016.
3693:17 May 2021 at the
3557:25 May 2010 at the
3526:. FT. 25 May 2006.
2643:F Jhabvala (1977).
2410:"Houari Boumediene"
2046:Grand Cross of the
1984:Grand Cross of the
1891:Grand Cross of the
1831:Order of Friendship
1798:Grand Cross of the
1614:Order of JosĂ© MartĂ
1500:, President of the
1297:Egyptian Revolution
1222:Abdelaziz Belkhadem
1142:President of Russia
1105:French colonisation
1081:President of Brazil
1005:Reconciliation plan
944:African Great Lakes
847:Abdul Halim Khaddam
713:Oujda Group in 1958
592:as a member of the
562:Űčۚۯ ۧÙŰčŰČÙŰČ ŰšÙŰȘÙÙÙÙŰ©
226:Minister of Defence
195:5th Chairperson of
180:Abdelkader Bensalah
122:Abdelaziz Belkhadem
8132:domestic responses
8117:Domestic reactions
7806:Ali Abdullah Saleh
7749:Mohamed Ghannouchi
7238:Muslim Brotherhood
5303:Abderrahmane FarĂšs
5219:Political offices
5212:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
5047:Official biography
4685:www.fidelcastro.cu
4339:6 May 2006 at the
3928:, 14 November 2014
3712:Human Rights Watch
3348:GlobalSecurity.org
3186:Human Rights Watch
3047:The New York Times
2958:The New York Times
2769:The New York Times
2615:The New York Times
2415:GlobalSecurity.org
2339:Morocco World News
1705:Grand Star of the
1482:Awards and honours
1396:
1343:
1317:
1315:, Algiers, in 2014
1270:
1268:, Algiers, in 2012
1258:
1218:
1157:
1099:âpassed after the
1093:
1019:
960:Kingdom of Morocco
928:
902:
881:became president.
850:
792:
763:
715:
665:
629:Algerian Civil War
55:Bouteflika in 2012
8302:People from Oujda
8267:Bouteflika family
8224:
8223:
7769:Beji Caid Essebsi
7709:Riyad Farid Hijab
7549:Mohamed ElBaradei
7097:Events by country
7043:
7042:
5784:
5783:
5401:
5400:
5318:Houari BoumédiÚne
5254:
5253:
5241:Succeeded by
5209:Succeeded by
5182:Succeeded by
5160:Diplomatic posts
5141:Media related to
5073:978-1-929631-30-8
4629:www.olympedia.org
4424:Tribune de GenĂšve
3780:www.aljazeera.com
3747:www.aljazeera.com
3377:. About Algeria.
3225:. American Arab.
3189:. 19 April 2006.
2569:The Black Scholar
2248:on 6 October 2011
2056:
2055:
1928:22 December 2014
1922:Recipient of the
1587:15 November 1999
1414:Noureddine Bedoui
1347:German Chancellor
1168:Nguyá»
n Minh Triáșżt
1163:On 16 July 2009,
1155:on 10 March 2006.
1101:2005 French riots
1035:Eastâwest highway
784:Houari BoumédiÚne
735:Houari BoumédiÚne
570:
537:
536:
392:17 September 2021
150:Noureddine Bedoui
140:Abdelmalek Sellal
130:Abdelmalek Sellal
8354:
8337:Wheelchair users
8214:
8213:
7779:Mohamed Bouazizi
7684:Hassan al-Turabi
7659:Khaled al-Johani
7614:Mohammed Nabbous
7579:Marouf al-Bakhit
7574:King Abdullah II
7373:Foreign fighters
7348:Free Syrian Army
7336:National Command
7331:Regional Command
7070:
7063:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7007:
7006:
7005:
6993:
6992:
6991:
6968:
6967:
6966:
6954:
6953:
6952:
6940:
6939:
6938:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6912:
6911:
6910:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6870:
6869:
6868:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6842:
6841:
6840:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6417:
6416:
6415:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6048:
6047:
6046:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6020:
6019:
6018:
6006:
6005:
6004:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5405:
5404:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5379:
5330:Chadli Bendjedid
5280:
5273:
5266:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5224:Preceded by
5192:Preceded by
5168:Leopoldo Benites
5165:Preceded by
5157:
5156:
5150:
5140:
5126:
5116:
5106:
5077:
5051:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4949:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4903:(in Hungarian).
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4775:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4519:. Archived from
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4388:
4382:
4369:
4363:
4350:
4344:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4227:. 1 April 2019.
4217:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4095:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4000:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3935:
3929:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3739:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3704:
3698:
3685:
3676:
3666:
3660:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3566:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3521:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3488:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3453:
3447:
3435:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3410:. 8 April 2008.
3400:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3331:– via AFP.
3330:
3328:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3109:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2983:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2805:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2780:. Archived from
2755:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2681:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2487:Gleijeses, Piero
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2453:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2389:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2237:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2140:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2109:. 3 March 2015.
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2073:
2052:5 February 2016
2040:
2038:
2037:
2030:
2021:20 January 2016
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1968:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1773:2 February 2006
1761:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1730:
1728:
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1680:14 January 2003
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1596:
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1573:
1572:
1565:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1513:
1512:
1464:El Alia Cemetery
1366:Ketchaoua Mosque
1210:Dmitriy Medvedev
1140:Bouteflika with
992:Ahmed Salah Gaid
924:Mohammad Khatami
855:Chadli Bendjedid
823:Chadli Bendjedid
580:
575:
565:
563:
555:
554:
553:
552:
550:
498:
496:
495:
483:Military service
478:
453:
451:
411:El Alia Cemetery
397:
395:
374:
372:
360:Personal details
346:
338:Mohamed Khemisti
334:
325:
304:
296:Leopoldo Benites
292:
283:
264:
254:
246:Ahmed Gaid Salah
235:
220:Chadli Bendjedid
216:
207:
173:
161:
96:
86:
77:
53:
43:
42:
41:
21:
20:
8362:
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8352:
8351:
8227:
8226:
8225:
8220:
8202:
8143:
8112:
8054:
8013:
7929:Iraqi Kurdistan
7859:Occupy movement
7845:
7816:Tawakkol Karman
7754:Moncef Marzouki
7724:Burhan Ghalioun
7694:Bashar al-Assad
7664:Manal al-Sharif
7594:Muammar Gaddafi
7442:
7198:
7092:
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5659:
5447:
5446:Organisation of
5441:
5432:
5402:
5397:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5380:
5371:
5351:Liamine ZĂ©roual
5341:Mohamed Boudiaf
5313:Ahmed Ben Bella
5294:
5284:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5237:
5229:
5227:Liamine ZĂ©roual
5214:
5205:
5197:
5195:Blaise Compaoré
5187:
5178:
5170:
5148:
5133:
5119:Carnegie Papers
5114:
5074:
5058:
5056:Further reading
5049:
5043:
5038:
5028:
5026:
5013:
5012:
5008:
4998:
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4816:
4815:on 8 April 2023
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4517:www.elwatan.com
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4379:Wayback Machine
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3926:Dauphiné libéré
3922:Wayback Machine
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3657:Wayback Machine
3648:
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3625:
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3599:
3595:
3585:
3583:
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3559:Wayback Machine
3550:
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3533:
3531:
3524:Financial Times
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3461:Middle East Eye
3455:
3454:
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3445:Wayback Machine
3436:
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3204:international».
3196:
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3159:
3154:. 30 May 2002.
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2641:
2634:
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2608:
2604:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2539:www.thehill.com
2533:
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2470:
2468:
2455:
2454:
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2393:
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2377:Carnegie Papers
2372:
2366:
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2100:
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2004:
2002:
1990:31 August 2015
1973:
1971:
1942:
1940:
1911:
1909:
1880:
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1816:
1787:
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1649:5 October 2002
1632:
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1601:
1599:
1570:
1568:
1539:
1537:
1511:
1489:
1484:
1472:
1434:
1388:
1380:Main articles:
1378:
1325:Bashar al-Assad
1305:
1292:
1286:
1266:Hillary Clinton
1250:
1198:
1073:
1067:
1039:Algiers airport
1017:, 14 March 2005
1007:
988:Mohammed Lamari
976:
968:King Mohamed VI
917:
911:
887:
879:Liamine ZĂ©roual
875:Mohamed Boudiaf
831:
804:Henry Kissinger
767:Ahmed Ben Bella
755:
743:Ahmed Ben Bella
731:Moroccan border
691:sheikh, he was
677:SaĂŻd Bouteflika
657:
641:regional unrest
635:, and he ended
633:Liamine ZĂ©roual
548:
545:
544:
543:
493:
491:
464:SaĂŻd Bouteflika
455:
447:
443:
440:
426:Political party
398:
393:
391:
376:
370:
368:
344:
332:
326:
321:
302:
290:
284:
279:
262:
257:Liamine ZĂ©roual
252:
236:
231:
214:
208:
203:
190:
171:
165:Liamine ZĂ©roual
159:
154:
107:Ahmed Benbitour
98:
97:
92:
84:
78:
73:
56:
44:
37:
31:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8360:
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8349:
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8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
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8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8252:Algerian Sufis
8249:
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8239:
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8219:
8218:
8207:
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8018:UN Resolutions
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7994:United Kingdom
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7831:Sadiq al-Ahmar
7828:
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7808:
7799:
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7751:
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7729:Moaz al-Khatib
7726:
7721:
7719:Maher al-Assad
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7679:Omar al-Bashir
7672:
7671:
7666:
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7656:
7647:
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7644:Abbas El Fassi
7641:
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7606:
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7564:Bassem Youssef
7561:
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7534:Kamal Ganzouri
7531:
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7506:
7497:
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7491:
7486:
7484:Hasan Mushaima
7481:
7472:
7471:
7466:
7457:
7456:
7450:
7448:
7447:Notable people
7444:
7443:
7441:
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7430:
7425:
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7406:
7405:
7400:
7395:
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7368:Hizb ut-Tahrir
7365:
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7189:Western Sahara
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7009:
6995:
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6971:
6970:
6959:Muhammad-Bande
6956:
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6201:
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6159:
6145:
6134:Quaison-Sackey
6131:
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6103:
6089:
6074:
6072:
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6065:
6064:
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6036:
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5994:
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5305:
5299:
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5268:
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5221:
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5188:
5183:
5180:
5171:
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5162:
5161:
5155:
5154:
5146:
5132:
5131:External links
5129:
5128:
5127:
5107:
5089:(1): 117â122.
5078:
5072:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5021:(in Serbian).
5006:
4974:
4944:
4918:
4888:
4858:
4826:
4794:
4762:
4732:
4717:(in Spanish).
4702:
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4616:
4586:
4560:
4534:
4504:
4478:
4445:
4409:
4383:
4364:
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4325:
4299:
4273:
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4207:
4176:
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4123:
4085:
4050:
4017:
3990:
3960:
3930:
3905:
3875:
3849:
3823:
3797:
3764:
3729:
3714:. 3 May 2010.
3699:
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3169:
3139:
3120:(1): 117â122.
3093:
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3030:
3004:
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2916:
2890:
2875:. Al Jazeera.
2861:
2830:
2795:
2760:Gall, Carlotta
2745:
2710:
2698:
2687:. Modern Ghana
2669:
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2565:Singham, A. W.
2556:
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2499:(1): 159â195.
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2019:
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1804:11 March 2006
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1643:Collar of the
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1507:
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1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1476:Suisse secrets
1471:
1468:
1445:stomach cancer
1433:
1430:
1377:
1374:
1304:
1301:
1288:Main article:
1285:
1282:
1249:
1246:
1206:George W. Bush
1197:
1194:
1145:Vladimir Putin
1066:
1065:Foreign policy
1063:
1055:workers unions
1006:
1003:
975:
972:
964:Western Sahara
948:Jacques Chirac
910:
909:Foreign policy
907:
894:Vladimir Putin
886:
883:
843:Hafez al-Assad
839:Saddam Hussein
830:
827:
813:government of
754:
751:
727:Dar El Kebdani
656:
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637:emergency rule
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506:Branch/service
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396:(aged 84)
389:
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382:French Morocco
366:
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85:Prime Minister
81:
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33:
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8000:
7999:United States
7997:
7995:
7992:
7988:
7985:
7983:
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7839:
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7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:Chokri Belaid
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7774:Hamadi Jebali
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7764:Fouad Mebazaa
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
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7707:
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7695:
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7689:
7688:
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7682:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7651:Saudi Arabia:
7649:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7609:Mahmud Gebril
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7562:
7560:
7559:Hesham Qandil
7557:
7555:
7554:Mohamed Morsi
7552:
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7547:
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7537:
7535:
7532:
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7527:
7525:
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7509:Omar Suleiman
7507:
7505:
7504:Hosni Mubarak
7502:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
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7470:
7469:Ahmed Ouyahia
7467:
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7393:Popular Front
7391:
7389:
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7364:
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7329:
7328:
7326:
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7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7305:Saudi Arabia:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:Ultras Ahlawy
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
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5664:African Union
5662:
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5448:African Unity
5444:
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5436:
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5152:Official site
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4460:Jeune Afrique
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4067:The Economist
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2305:
2299:
2297:
2280:
2277:(in French).
2276:
2275:
2274:Jeune Afrique
2270:
2263:
2247:
2243:
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2234:
2232:
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2228:
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2020:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2001:
1998:
1994:
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1989:
1987:
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1981:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
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1939:
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1932:
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1927:
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1900:
1896:
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1869:
1865:
1863:
1859:
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1846:
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1834:
1832:
1829:Medal of the
1828:
1826:
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1797:
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1711:17 June 2003
1710:
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1612:Medal of the
1611:
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1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1509:State honours
1503:
1499:
1498:Jacques Rogge
1496:presented by
1495:
1494:Olympic Order
1491:
1490:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
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1402:
1392:
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1355:
1351:
1350:Angela Merkel
1348:
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1326:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1281:
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1254:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1231:Ahmed Ouyahia
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
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1175:
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1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1085:Lula da Silva
1082:
1077:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
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1036:
1030:
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835:
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797:
789:
788:Kurt Waldheim
785:
781:
777:
775:
770:
768:
759:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
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711:
707:
705:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
661:
652:
649:
648:mass protests
644:
642:
638:
634:
630:
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622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
579:
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568:
559:
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549:pronunciation
541:
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518:
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511:
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490:
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481:
477:
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407:Resting place
405:
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367:
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175:
169:
166:
163:
157:
151:
148:
146:Ahmed Ouyahia
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:Youcef Yousfi
133:
131:
128:
126:Ahmed Ouyahia
125:
123:
120:
118:
117:Ahmed Ouyahia
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
102:Smail Hamdani
100:
99:
95:
88:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
52:
47:
34:
30:
22:
19:
8173:Saudi Arabia
7894:Burkina Faso
7802:
7790:
7740:
7690:
7675:
7669:Nimr al-Nimr
7650:
7635:
7620:
7590:
7570:
7544:Essam Sharaf
7524:Ahmed Shafik
7500:
7475:
7463:
7460:
7409:
7379:
7324:
7304:
7294:
7279:
7224:
7209:
7169:Saudi Arabia
7086:
6284:
5969:van Kleffens
5639:
5355:
5308:Ferhat Abbas
5232:
5200:
5185:Gaston Thorn
5173:
5122:
5118:
5086:
5082:
5063:
5027:. Retrieved
5018:
5009:
4997:. Retrieved
4977:
4965:. Retrieved
4956:
4947:
4935:. Retrieved
4921:
4909:. Retrieved
4900:
4891:
4879:. Retrieved
4870:
4861:
4849:. Retrieved
4829:
4817:. Retrieved
4810:the original
4797:
4785:. Retrieved
4765:
4753:. Retrieved
4744:
4735:
4723:. Retrieved
4714:
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4684:
4675:
4663:. Retrieved
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4628:
4619:
4609:23 September
4607:. Retrieved
4598:
4589:
4579:18 September
4577:. Retrieved
4563:
4553:18 September
4551:. Retrieved
4537:
4527:17 September
4525:. Retrieved
4521:the original
4516:
4507:
4497:18 September
4495:. Retrieved
4481:
4469:. Retrieved
4458:
4448:
4440:
4433:. Retrieved
4422:
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4396:the original
4386:
4367:
4348:
4328:
4318:18 September
4316:. Retrieved
4302:
4292:18 September
4290:. Retrieved
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4255:
4245:
4233:. Retrieved
4224:
4198:. Retrieved
4189:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4153:
4141:. Retrieved
4126:
4114:. Retrieved
4103:
4076:. Retrieved
4065:
4041:. Retrieved
4030:
4020:
4012:the original
4007:
3981:. Retrieved
3972:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3942:
3933:
3925:
3913:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3887:
3878:
3868:17 September
3866:. Retrieved
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3826:
3814:. Retrieved
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3779:
3755:. Retrieved
3746:
3720:. Retrieved
3711:
3702:
3672:
3664:
3645:
3622:
3612:17 September
3610:. Retrieved
3596:
3586:17 September
3584:. Retrieved
3570:
3534:17 September
3532:. Retrieved
3523:
3512:
3502:17 September
3500:. Retrieved
3469:. Retrieved
3460:
3451:
3416:. Retrieved
3407:
3385:17 September
3383:. Retrieved
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3346:
3337:
3325:. Retrieved
3314:
3292:17 September
3290:. Retrieved
3276:
3266:17 September
3264:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
3236:17 September
3234:. Retrieved
3202:
3195:. Retrieved
3184:
3160:. Retrieved
3151:
3142:
3117:
3113:
3086:17 September
3084:. Retrieved
3057:17 September
3055:. Retrieved
3046:
3023:17 September
3021:. Retrieved
3017:the original
3007:
2997:17 September
2995:. Retrieved
2968:17 September
2966:. Retrieved
2957:
2935:17 September
2933:. Retrieved
2919:
2909:17 September
2907:. Retrieved
2893:
2883:17 September
2881:. Retrieved
2854:17 September
2852:. Retrieved
2821:. Retrieved
2812:
2788:18 September
2786:. Retrieved
2782:the original
2767:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:the original
2727:
2706:El Moudjahid
2705:
2701:
2691:17 September
2689:. Retrieved
2661:
2652:
2648:
2623:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2572:
2568:
2559:
2549:17 September
2547:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2496:
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2460:
2424:. Retrieved
2413:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2380:
2376:
2348:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2316:. Retrieved
2307:
2283:. Retrieved
2272:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:the original
2214:21 September
2212:. Retrieved
2203:
2194:
2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:18 September
2156:. Retrieved
2115:. Retrieved
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2080:
1866:30 May 2007
1742:18 May 2005
1473:
1457:
1453:Val-de-GrĂące
1449:
1442:
1435:
1419:
1410:
1397:
1370:
1368:in Algiers.
1358:
1344:
1322:
1318:
1293:
1271:
1235:
1219:
1214:Yasuo Fukuda
1183:
1176:
1162:
1158:
1124:
1109:
1094:
1043:
1031:
1023:a referendum
1020:
996:
977:
956:
929:
903:
863:
859:
851:
819:
815:South Africa
808:
793:
771:
764:
745:against the
716:
666:
645:
606:
590:Algerian War
587:
539:
538:
528:Algerian War
524:Battles/wars
394:(2021-09-17)
375:2 March 1937
345:Succeeded by
322:
308:Gaston Thorn
303:Succeeded by
280:
263:Succeeded by
232:
204:
172:Succeeded by
93:
74:
18:
8247:2021 deaths
8242:1937 births
7873:Azerbaijan
7639:Mohammed VI
7621:Mauritania:
7584:Samir Rifai
7529:Wael Ghonim
7519:Ahmed Nazif
7295:Mauritania:
7268:Shayfeencom
7077:Arab Spring
6380:von Wechmar
6313:Amerasinghe
6257:TrepczyĆski
5721:Hailemariam
5324:Rabah Bitat
5149:(In French)
5050:(in French)
4957:aBamako.com
4901:jogkodex.hu
4402:13 February
3671:, Reuters (
3638:(in French)
3565:(in French)
2394:27 February
1794:South Korea
1618:6 May 2001
1131:Arab League
1127:Arab League
984:Ali Benflis
739:Oujda Group
693:well-versed
429:Independent
418:Nationality
333:Preceded by
291:Preceded by
253:Preceded by
215:Preceded by
160:Preceded by
112:Ali Benflis
8231:Categories
8151:by country
7704:Adel Safar
7489:Ali Salman
7149:Mauritania
6766:Al-Khalifa
6285:Bouteflika
5761:Tshisekedi
5726:Abdel Aziz
5640:Bouteflika
5485:BoumédiÚne
5238:1999â2019
5206:1999â2000
5179:1974â1975
5041:References
5029:7 February
5019:www.rts.rs
4999:7 February
4967:7 February
4937:7 February
4911:7 February
4881:7 February
4851:7 February
4819:7 February
4787:7 February
4725:7 February
4715:www.boe.es
4695:7 February
4665:7 February
4639:7 February
4599:Al Jazeera
4225:Al Jazeera
4078:6 February
4008:africaTech
3953:1 February
2575:(3): 2â9.
2308:Fanack.com
2184:24 January
2081:www.un.org
1516:Ribbon bar
1354:bronchitis
1313:John Kerry
1091:, in 2005.
821:President
706:in Oujda.
488:Allegiance
439:Amal Triki
371:1937-03-02
8149:Timelines
8081:civil war
7982:2011â2012
7164:Palestine
6903:Lykketoft
6573:Insanally
6464:Choudhury
6120:Rodriguez
5776:Ghazouani
5771:Assoumani
5756:Ramaphosa
5706:Mutharika
5655:Mwanawasa
5600:Babangida
5525:Ramgoolam
5505:Hassan II
5103:154679756
3552:iol.co.za
3134:154679756
2778:0362-4331
2589:0006-4246
2521:144610436
2252:27 August
1918:Palestine
1887:Venezuela
1470:Criticism
1179:Hezbollah
1059:Sonatrach
958:with the
811:Apartheid
701:Qadiriyya
567:romanized
519:1956â1962
471:Signature
466:(brother)
460:Relatives
413:, Algiers
402:, Algeria
323:In office
281:In office
233:In office
205:In office
75:In office
8216:Category
7964:Portugal
7939:Maldives
7796:UAE Five
7741:Tunisia:
7636:Morocco:
7476:Bahrain:
7461:Algeria:
7418:Al-Islah
7380:Tunisia:
7213:Al Wefaq
7210:Bahrain:
7114:Djibouti
6945:Espinosa
6794:d'Escoto
6752:Eliasson
6629:Udovenko
6531:de Marco
6243:A. Malik
6053:BelaĂșnde
6039:C. Malik
5681:Obasanjo
5676:Chissano
5635:Compaoré
5595:Museveni
5560:Mengistu
5475:Selassie
5455:Selassie
5437:and the
5395:military
5346:Ali Kafi
5023:Archived
4990:Archived
4961:Archived
4931:Archived
4905:Archived
4875:Archived
4842:Archived
4778:Archived
4755:1 August
4749:Archived
4719:Archived
4689:Archived
4659:Archived
4633:Archived
4603:Archived
4573:Archived
4547:Archived
4491:Archived
4465:Archived
4429:Archived
4375:Archived
4356:Archived
4337:Archived
4312:Archived
4286:Archived
4260:Archived
4229:Archived
4200:11 March
4194:Archived
4169:10 March
4163:Archived
4143:10 March
4137:Archived
4116:10 March
4110:Archived
4105:Le Monde
4072:Archived
4037:Archived
3983:11 April
3977:Archived
3973:Stratfor
3947:Archived
3918:Archived
3898:20 April
3892:Archived
3862:Archived
3842:19 April
3836:Archived
3816:19 April
3810:Archived
3784:Archived
3751:Archived
3716:Archived
3691:Archived
3653:Archived
3630:Archived
3606:Archived
3580:Archived
3555:Archived
3528:Archived
3496:Archived
3465:Archived
3441:Archived
3412:Archived
3379:Archived
3353:Archived
3321:Archived
3316:Le Monde
3286:Archived
3260:Archived
3227:Archived
3191:Archived
3156:Archived
3080:Archived
3051:Archived
2991:Archived
2962:Archived
2929:Archived
2903:Archived
2877:Archived
2848:Archived
2817:Archived
2738:11 April
2619:Archived
2597:41066077
2543:Archived
2465:Archived
2420:Archived
2385:Archived
2350:22 April
2344:Archived
2318:9 August
2312:Archived
2279:Archived
2208:Archived
2178:Archived
2152:Archived
2117:11 April
2111:Archived
2085:Archived
1670:Portugal
1401:Kenchela
1329:Grenoble
1089:BrasĂlia
980:election
940:Ethiopia
421:Algerian
182:(acting)
137:(acting)
94:See list
8158:Bahrain
8103:Tunisia
8068:Bahrain
7978:Turkey
7948:Mexico
7889:Belarus
7869:Armenia
7864:Albania
7571:Jordan:
7428:Houthis
7388:Ennahda
7184:Tunisia
7154:Morocco
7139:Lebanon
7109:Bahrain
7104:Algeria
7028:(
7026:Francis
7014:(
7000:(
6986:(
6961:(
6947:(
6933:(
6919:(
6917:Thomson
6905:(
6891:(
6877:(
6863:(
6861:JeremiÄ
6849:(
6835:(
6810:(
6796:(
6782:(
6768:(
6754:(
6740:(
6726:(
6712:(
6698:(
6684:(
6682:Holkeri
6659:(
6657:Gurirab
6645:(
6643:Opertti
6631:(
6617:(
6603:(
6601:Freitas
6589:(
6575:(
6561:(
6547:(
6545:Shihabi
6533:(
6508:(
6494:(
6480:(
6466:(
6452:(
6438:(
6424:(
6422:Illueca
6410:(
6396:(
6394:Kittani
6382:(
6357:(
6343:(
6341:Liévano
6329:(
6315:(
6301:(
6287:(
6273:(
6271:Benites
6259:(
6245:(
6231:(
6206:(
6192:(
6190:CatalĂĄn
6178:(
6176:MÄnescu
6164:(
6162:Pazhwak
6150:(
6148:Fanfani
6136:(
6122:(
6108:(
6094:(
6080:(
6055:(
6041:(
6027:(
6013:(
5999:(
5985:(
5971:(
5957:(
5943:(
5941:Pearson
5929:(
5915:(
5913:Entezam
5890:(
5876:(
5862:(
5848:(
5834:(
5701:Gaddafi
5696:Kikwete
5686:Nguesso
5650:Chiluba
5645:Eyadéma
5615:Ben Ali
5610:Mubarak
5590:Mubarak
5575:Nguesso
5565:Nyerere
5550:Stevens
5545:Senghor
5540:Tolbert
5535:Nimeiry
5465:Nkrumah
5388:interim
4471:7 April
4435:7 April
4266:2 April
4256:Reuters
4235:1 April
4190:Reuters
4135:. BBC.
4043:5 April
3790:25 June
3757:25 June
3722:25 June
3604:. APA.
3471:25 June
3418:25 June
3359:6 April
3327:6 April
3256:Reuters
3197:4 April
3162:4 April
2927:. CNN.
2823:6 March
2471:2 April
2426:7 April
2285:7 April
1949:Tunisia
1856:Hungary
1701:Austria
1546:Algeria
1519:Country
1426:El Biar
1422:ZĂ©ralda
1362:aphasia
1172:Vietnam
1153:Algiers
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7908:India
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7851:Impact
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7691:Syria:
7676:Sudan:
7591:Libya:
7501:Egypt:
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7325:Syria:
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6327:Mojsov
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8178:Syria
8168:Libya
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8139:Syria
8124:Egypt
8108:Yemen
8098:Syria
8073:Egypt
7974:Spain
7899:China
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7179:Syria
7174:Sudan
7144:Libya
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6833:Deiss
6826:2010s
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6780:Kerim
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6524:1990s
6506:Garba
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6222:1970s
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