Abdul Haris Nasution

1625:(G30S) attempted to kidnap seven anti-communist Army officers including Nasution. Lieutenant Arief was the leader of the squad assigned to capture Nasution, and his team in four trucks and two military cars travelled down a deserted Jalan Teuku Umar at 4:00 am. Nasution's home was at No. 40, a modest single-story home. The guard in the sentry box outside the house saw the vehicles coming, but upon seeing the men were soldiers he was not suspicious and did not call his superior, Sergeant Iskaq, who was in charge of the army detail guarding the house. The sergeant was in a guardroom in the front room along with half a dozen soldiers some of whom were asleep. A guard was asleep in the front garden and another was on duty at the rear of the house. In a separate cottage, two of Nasution's aides were asleep, a young army lieutenant 1391:. This move not only ended Sukarno's merely ceremonial presidential role but also increased the army's influence and power as Nasution had wished for. Under this arrangement, regional commanders were able to interfere in civilian matters such as the economy and administrative matters. At the behest of Sukarno himself, the army also began participating in politics, filling in positions that ranged from cabinet ministers to provincial governors and even DPR members. In December 1957, Nasution further increased the army's role by ordering officers to take over the recently nationalised Dutch companies. Aside from increasing the army's role, this move was also designed to stop the influence of the increasingly powerful PKI. In 1958, Nasution made a speech that would become the basis for the 1637:(presidential bodyguard) soldier with a gun ready to shoot. She slammed the door shut and yelled a warning to her husband. Nasution wanted to take a look himself and when he opened the door, the soldier shot at him. He flung himself to the floor and his wife slammed and locked the door. The men on the other side began to smash the door down and fired a volley of shots into the bedroom. Mrs. Nasution pushed her husband out through another door and down a corridor to a side entrance to the house. He dashed across his garden to the wall separating his garden and that of neighbouring Iraqi ambassador. He was spotted by soldiers who fired off a volley of shots but missed. Scaling the wall, Nasution, broke his ankle as he fell into the ambassador's garden to hide. He was not pursued. 1204: 1900:, Suharto's Minister of Technology. Habibie then invited Nasution and the other signatories to visit his shipyard and the aircraft factory which had been put under his jurisdiction. The government also began claiming that although there was a travel ban for the Petition of 50 Signatories, the ban did not apply to Nasution. For his part, Nasution denied criticising the government, preferring to call it a "difference of opinion". Finally, in July 1993, Suharto invited Nasution to the Presidential Palace for a meeting. This was followed by another meeting on 18 August 1993, after the Independence Day celebrations. Nothing political was talked about, but it was clear that both men were keen to reconcile their differences. 1368:

country and gain experience. This would also result in army officers being more professional, instead of feeling personal attachment and loyalty to the province and region they came from. Nasution's second change was to centralise military training. All training methods would now be uniform, instead of regional commanders setting up their methods. Nasution's third and most important reform was to increase the army's influence and power so that it would be able to take care of itself, instead of relying on civilian decisions. Nasution did not have a problem applying the first two changes, but he would have to wait to apply the third. By 1957, President Sukarno had begun to introduce the concept of

1549:, caused Sukarno to adopt an anti-American stance. In this, he had the PKI as a natural ally. For the PKI, an alliance with Sukarno would only add to its political momentum as its influence continued to grow in Indonesian politics. Nasution was wary of the PKI's influence over Sukarno and in turn, Sukarno was aware that Nasution was not happy about the PKI's influence and made a move to weaken his power. In July 1962, Sukarno reorganised the structure of ABRI. The status of the heads of the Armed Forces branches would now be upgraded from chief of staff to commander. As commanders, the heads of the armed forces branches would have more power and would answer only to Sukarno as the 2144: 2018: 1732:

political senses seemed to have returned after Suharto received the Supersemar. It was perhaps he who first realised that Supersemar not only gave Suharto emergency powers but also gave him executive control. On 12 March 1966, after Suharto had the PKI banned, Nasution suggested to Suharto that he form an emergency Cabinet. Suharto, still cautious about what he could or could not do with his new powers replied that forming a cabinet was the responsibility of the president. Nasution encouraged Suharto, promising him full support but Suharto did not respond and the conversation ended abruptly.

2523: 1530: 2036: 2541: 2126: 642: 2054: 1951: 1720:, but with Nasution's constant lobbying, Sukarno was finally persuaded and on 14 October 1965, appointed Suharto as the army commander. A golden opportunity came to Nasution in December 1965 when there was talk of his being appointed as vice president to assist Sukarno in times of uncertainty. Nasution did not capitalise on this and chose to do nothing. Suharto, whose political momentum was growing, took the initiative in early 1966 by issuing a statement saying that there was no need to fill the vacant vice presidency. 2180: 2162: 1781:

the DPR called for an MPRS Special Session in March to replace Sukarno with Suharto. Sukarno seemed resigned to his fate, officially handing day-to-day control of the Government to Suharto on 22 February 1967 and requiring him only to report if necessary. Finally, on 12 March 1967, Sukarno was officially removed from power by the MPRS. Nasution then swore Suharto into office as the acting president. A year later on 27 March 1968, Nasution presided over Suharto's election and inauguration as full President.

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generals such as Nasution were not as merciful, as the year drew to a close, Nasution claimed that Sukarno should be held responsible for the dire situation in which his Government left Indonesia. Nasution also called for Sukarno to be taken to trial. On 10 January 1967, Nasution and the MPRS assembled again as Sukarno submitted his report (he did not deliver it in person as a speech) which was hoped to finally address the issue of G30S. Dubbed the

1741: 2505: 2198: 1264:, to negotiate a deal with the communists. After taking his trip, Suharto returned to Nasution and Sudirman and reported that everything seemed to be peaceful. Nasution did not trust this report and with Sudirman down with an illness, Nasution was left in charge. Nasution then decided on a crackdown, sending troops to go after the communists to put down and end the rebellion. On 30 September Madiun was taken over by republican troops of the 1645:

Cakrabirawa troops demanded she tell them her husband's whereabouts. Reportedly she had a brief and angry exchange with Arief telling him that Nasution had been out of town for a few days. A whistle blew outside and the men in the house left taking Tendean with them. The whole affair had taken nine minutes. Mrs Nasution took her wounded daughter to the Central military hospital and guards sounded the alarm. The Jakarta garrison commander,

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should become army commander. Nasution said that Sukarno's appointment could not be accepted as the appointment came when Suharto had begun with the operations. Nasution also added that he would back Suharto's decision to not let Pranoto go to Halim. Nasution and Suharto then invited Pranoto in and convinced him to delay accepting his appointment as army commander until after Suharto finished putting down the attempted coup d'état.

2072: 2469: 1610: 1319:(Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia). In 1952, Nasution and Simatupang decided to adopt a policy of restructuring and reorganisation for TNI. Under this arrangement, Nasution and Simatupang hoped to create a smaller army but one that was more modern and professional. It did not take long, however, before factional interests came into play. Nasution and Simatupang, who had both been trained by the 1413: 1765:, revoking Sukarno's life presidency, and ordering a legislative election to be held by July 1968. The MPRS General Session also increased Suharto's power by officially ordering him to formulate a new cabinet. A decree was also passed which stated that if the president was unable to carry out his duties, he would now be replaced by the holder of the Supersemar instead of the vice-president. 1590:, and mentioned "our local army friends". Suspicion was immediately cast on the army wanting to launch a coup. Although Yani was quick to deny the allegations, the PKI began running a smear campaign, claiming that a Council of Generals was planning to overthrow the president. As the most senior officers in the Army, Nasution and Yani were implicated to be part of this Council. 1753:, and there was a need to fill in the vacant position. Nasution was an overwhelmingly popular choice as all of the factions in the MPRS nominated him for the position of MPRS chairman. However, Nasution waited until Suharto expressed support for his nomination before accepting the nomination. On 20 June 1966, the MPRS General Session began. Nasution set 1641:

safety. As she ran past, a corporal from the palace guard fired a round of shots at her through a door. Mardiah was hit in the hand and Irma received three bullets in her spine. She died five days later in hospital. Nasution's eldest daughter, 13-year-old Janti, and her nurse Alfiah had run to the cottage housing Nasution's aides and hid under a bed.

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criticised Yani's soft stance and relations between the two soured. To make matters worse, Yani began replacing regional commanders who were close to Nasution with those who were close to himself. On 13 January 1965, a delegation of officers representing Nasution and Yani met in an attempt to reconcile the differences between the two officers.

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Perhaps this reason was because he was still grieving over his daughter, Ade Irma, who died on 6 October. In the first few weeks after G30S, Nasution was the one who constantly lobbied Sukarno to have Suharto appointed Army Commander. Sukarno, who after 1 October wanted to keep Pranoto, had originally only made Suharto the Commander of

1727:. The position of ABRI Chief of Staff was also abolished. By this stage, the expectation that Nasution would do something was now gone as army officers and student movements alike rallied behind Suharto. Nevertheless, he continued to be a respected figure as many army officers visited him in the days leading up to the signing of 1656:, a neighbour of Nasution's and one of Indonesia's three deputy premiers, heard the commotion and walked down to the Nasution house. In the confusion, the guard was shot and killed. This led to stories of Lemeina being on the plotter's list and of an attack on Lemeina's house. However, the killing of the guard was unplanned. 2270: 2252: 2108: 2396: 1284:(PDRI) was set up in Sumatra. In this interim government, Nasution was given the position of the Army and Territorial Commander of Java. Following Dutch recognition of Indonesia's independence, the PDRI returned its powers to Sukarno and Hatta, and Nasution returned to his position as Deputy Commander to Sudirman. 2360: 2378: 2342: 2432: 1683:– a Sukarno loyalist – to the position of Army Commander and now wanted Pranoto to come to see him. Suharto did not allow Pranoto to go but he knew that Sukarno would not give up in trying to summon Pranoto. To strengthen his bargaining position, Suharto asked Nasution to come to the Kostrad Headquarters. 1715:

Although Suharto had been the man of the hour on 1 October, many of the other Army officers still turned to Nasution for leadership and had expected him to take more decisive control of the situation. However, Nasution seemed indecisive, and slowly but surely the support began to swing away from him.

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Nasution continued hiding in the garden of his neighbour until 6 am when he returned to his house with a broken ankle. Nasution then asked his adjutants to take him to the Ministry of Defense and Security because he thought it would be safer there. He was driven there crouching on the floor of a

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Before the alarm could be raised, Arief's squad had jumped the fence and overpowered the sleepy guards in the sentry box and guard room. Others entered from around the side of the house and covered it from the rear. About fifteen soldiers broke into the house. Both Nasution and his wife were bothered

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On 27 October 1955, after three years of exile, Nasution was re-appointed to his old position as Army Chief of Staff. He immediately began working on the army and its structure by adopting a threefold approach. First, he formulated a tour of duty system so that officers would be stationed around the

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On 22 June, Sukarno delivered a speech entitled Nawaksara (Nine Points) in front of the assembly. Nasution and the other MPRS members, who had hoped for Sukarno's account of G30S were disappointed. Nothing about the G30S was mentioned. Instead, Sukarno seemed to give an account of his appointment as

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intervened. Gatot had taken Suharto under his wing when he was Commander of Kodam IV/Diponegoro and had noticed Suharto's talents. Gatot asked Nasution not to expel Suharto because Suharto's talent could be further developed. Nasution listened to Gatot's advice. He decided to remove Suharto from his

1878:), so-called because there were 50 signatories. The petition was signed on 5 May 1980 and delivered to the DPR on 13 May 1980. It called for Suharto to stop interpreting Pancasila to suit his ends and for ABRI to be neutral in politics instead of favouring Golkar. The DPR, especially members of the 1831:

and the 1945 Constitution. Suharto did not take the criticism lightly. On 27 March 1980, at an ABRI Meeting, Suharto in a speech said that ABRI members should be ready to defend their seats in the DPR and that they should align themselves with forces that are for Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution

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In a subtle jab towards Nasution, Sukarno added that if he was going to be blamed for the G30S, the Minister of Defense and Security at the time should also be blamed for not seeing the G30S coming and stopping it before it happened. The report was once again rejected by the MPRS. In February 1967,

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Nasution soon began developing an attitude of hostility towards Yani. Both Nasution and Yani were anti-communists, but their attitude towards Sukarno was different. Nasution was critical of Sukarno for backing and supporting the PKI, while Yani, a Sukarno loyalist, adopted a softer stance. Nasution

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By the beginning of the 1990s, Suharto was beginning to adopt a policy of political openness, and enforcement of the Petition of 50 Signatories' punishment was loosened. In June 1993, when he was in hospital because of illness, Nasution was visited by the army's top brass. He then received a visit

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With Sarwo Edhie's troops, Jakarta was quickly secured. Suharto then turned his attention to Halim and began making preparations to attack the air base. To assist him, Nasution ordered the navy and the police to assist Suharto in putting down the G30S Movement. To the Air Force, Nasution issued an

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In late 1956, there were demands by regional commanders in Sumatra for more autonomy in the provinces. When these demands were not met by the central government, the troops began to rebel, and by early 1957, had forcefully taken over the governance of Sumatra. Then, on 15 February 1958, Lieutenant

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took the petition seriously and asked Suharto to respond on the issue. Suharto replied that his speeches on 27 March 1980 and 16 April 1980 were sufficient response. He added if there were any problems, the DPR could pass a motion for a special investigation. Here the PPP and PDI members stopped,

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document handing over authority from Sukarno to Suharto. When Suharto was about to go to the Kostrad Headquarters to wait for the delivery of the Supersemar, he called Nasution and asked him for his blessing. Nasution's wife gave the blessing on behalf of Nasution, who was not present. Nasution's

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The entire Nasution household was awakened and frightened by the shooting. Nasution's mother and sister, Mardiah, also lived in the house and ran to his bedroom. Mardiah grabbed Nasution's five-year-old daughter, Irma, from her bed, cradling the child protectively in her arms, and tried to run to

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Suharto, now a brigadier general, was commissioned by Nasution to create a strategic force unit that would be on standby, ready to be called into action at any time. Suharto was placed in charge of this task force and in March 1961, the General Army Reserve (Caduad) was formed, with Suharto being

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In July 1978, together with former vice-president Hatta, Nasution set up the Institute for Constitutional Awareness Foundation (YLKB). Suharto's government moved quickly and did not allow YLKB to conduct its first meeting in January 1979. Nasution and the YLKB did not give up. In August 1979, it

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With his new powers, Suharto began purging the government of what he perceived to be communist influence. After the arrest of 15 cabinet ministers on 18 March 1966, Suharto went after the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS), removing members thought to be communist sympathizers and

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At around 2 pm, after the G30S Movement announced the formation of a Revolutionary Council, Nasution sent another order to Suharto, Martadinata, and Judodiharjo. In the order, Nasution said that he was convinced that Sukarno had been kidnapped and taken to the G30S headquarters in Halim. He

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Nasution asked Martadinata how the president came to appoint Pranoto. Martadinata replied that during the afternoon he, Judodiharjo, and Dhani had attended a meeting with Sukarno at Halim to decide who should become the army commander now that Yani was dead. The meeting had decided that Pranoto

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Despite the assistance that Nasution gave him in his rise to power, Suharto viewed Nasution as a rival and immediately began working to remove him from power. In 1969, Nasution was barred from speaking at Seskoad and the Military Academy. In 1971, Nasution was suddenly discharged from military

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Assisting Sukarno as supreme commander of ABRI would be an ABRI chief of staff. Sukarno appointed Nasution to the position of ABRI chief of staff and appointed Yani as the army commander. By doing this, Sukarno had decreased Nasution's powers as the ABRI chief of staff was only responsible for

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Since 1956, Nasution had been trying to stamp out corruption in the army, but the return to the 1945 Constitution seemed to have renewed his resolve in this matter. He believed that the army should set an example for the rest of society. Not long after Sukarno's decree, Nasution sent Brigadier

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As 1966 wore on, Sukarno was increasingly on the defensive and his popularity was at an all-time low. Suharto, who knew that his political victory was near, took to playing the role of the polite Javanese by constantly giving Sukarno reassuring words and defending him from the protests. Other

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colonial government wanted to discharge the soldiers trained by the Japanese and integrate more soldiers trained by the Dutch. The Japanese-trained troops, led by Bambang Supeno, began speaking out against this policy. In adopting their policy, Nasution and Simatupang had the backing of Prime

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and the Dutch colonial authorities established an officer reserve corps that admitted pribumi (native Indonesians). Nasution applied to join, as this was the only way to obtain military training. Along with a few other Indonesians, he was sent to the Bandung Military Academy for training. In

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Tendean loaded his weapon and ran from the house, but was caught within a few steps. In the darkness, he was mistaken for Nasution and taken away at gunpoint. After pushing her husband out of the house, Mrs Nasution ran inside and picked up her wounded daughter. As she phoned for a doctor,

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The meeting was unsuccessful in persuading Yani to distance himself from Sukarno, but delegates agreed to hold seminars where officers could talk about the current political climate and the role of the army in politics. As the year went on, a document was circulated in Jakarta. Dubbed the

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car. Nasution then sent a message to Suharto at Kostrad headquarters, telling him that he was alive and safe. After knowing that Suharto was taking command of the army, Nasution then ordered him to take measures such as finding the whereabouts of the president, contacting navy commander

1569:. The rationale behind this was that with Sukarno being appointed president for life, there would be no elections, and without elections, the PKI would not be able to get in power no matter how much the party grew. The motion was carried through and Sukarno became president for life. 1761:

president for life, his plan of work as president, and how the Constitution worked in practice. This MPRS would refuse to ratify this speech. Over the next two weeks, Nasution presided over a busy MPRS General Session. Under his Chairmanship, the MPRS took measures such as banning

1191:, which looked after the security of West Java. In this position, Nasution developed the theory of territorial warfare which would become the future defense doctrine of the Indonesian Army. In January 1948, the Indonesian Government and the Dutch Government signed the 1694:

for his broken ankle. Once Jakarta was safely secured, Martadinata came to the Kostrad headquarters with a copy of the Presidential Decree which appointed Pranoto. After seeing the decree, Suharto invited Martadinata and Nasution into a room to discuss the situation.

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For this cause, Nasution and Simatupang also mobilised civilian protesters. Sukarno came out of the Presidential Palace and convinced both soldiers and civilians to go home. Nasution and Simatupang had been defeated. Nasution and Simatupang were then questioned by

1471:. Sungkono's findings revealed that during his time as regional commander, Suharto had set up foundations to help local people. However, these foundations were funded through compulsory levies (instead of voluntary donations) on production and service industries. 1887:

knowing that their motion would be defeated because of Golkar's dominance. For signatories to the petition such as Nasution, Suharto imposed travel bans and made business dealings difficult so that the petition signatories would have a hard time making a living.

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In an interview in 1995, Nasution encouraged Indonesia to go through a reconciliation process so that the nation could be united under the leadership of Suharto. On 5 October 1997, on the occasion of ABRI's anniversary, Nasution was given the honorary rank

1773:(Nawaksara Addendum), the report spoke about Sukarno's insistence on calling G30S the 1 October Movement (Gestok). On G30S, Sukarno said that PKI made a big mistake on the morning of 1 October but also added that this was due to the cunning of the 1676:

therefore ordered ABRI to free the president, restore security to Jakarta, and most importantly, appointed Suharto to head the operations. Just as Suharto began working, however, a message came from Sukarno at Halim. Sukarno had decided to appoint

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On 19 December 1948, the Dutch launched a successful attack on Yogyakarta and occupied it. Nasution, together with the TNI and the other commanders, retreated into the countryside to fight a guerrilla war. With President Sukarno and Vice-President

1195:, dividing Java between areas under Dutch and Indonesian control. Because the territories occupied by the Dutch included West Java, Nasution was forced to lead the Siliwangi Division across to Central Java and into Indonesian-controlled territory. 1405:, Nasution declared that ABRI should adopt a "middle way in its approach to the nation. According to Nasution, ABRI should not be under the control of civilians. At the same time, ABRI should not dominate the nation in such a way that it became a 1509:, where the attending nations promised to support Indonesia's claim. The Dutch remained adamant and by 1960, Sukarno had run out of patience. In July, he met with his top advisors, including Nasution, and it was agreed that Indonesia would 1268:. Thousands of communist party members were killed and 36,000 were imprisoned. Amongst the executed were several leaders including Musso, who was killed on 31 October, allegedly while trying to escape from prison. Other PKI leaders such as 1505:. When the Dutch finally recognised Indonesia's independence, West Papua continued to be a Dutch colony. Sukarno did not give up and continued to push for it to be included as part of Indonesia through the United Nations and through the 5406: 1757:(Order of the Eleventh of March) as the first agenda on the list by walking into the assembly hall with the physical document. The next day, on 21 June, the MPRS ratified Supersemar, making it illegal for Sukarno to withdraw it. 2614: 1836:' anniversary. in which he denied allegations of corruption and claimed that if he had to, he would kidnap MPR members if that would prevent the MPR from having the two-thirds majority required to change the constitution. 1336:(DPR). The DPR members then began making their disagreements on the restructuring of TNI known. Nasution and Simatupang were not happy to see what they perceived to be interference in military affairs by civilians. On 1429:(PRRI). This prompted the central government to deploy troops. As army chief of staff, Nasution would normally have been involved in mobilising the troops to Sumatra. However, it would be his second deputy, Colonel 1138:, having been posted there to defend the port. Nasution then found his way back to Bandung and went into hiding, as he was afraid of being arrested by the Japanese. However, he later assisted the Japanese-backed 2560: 2553: 1043:. He had a falling-out with Suharto, who saw him as a rival, and he was pushed out of power in 1971. Once he was removed from positions of power, Nasution developed into a political opponent of Suharto's 1376:

approach which Indonesia had adopted since November 1945. In this, he found a common bond with Nasution and the army, who still harboured resentment of civilian interference with army affairs in 1952.

1226:. Nasution immediately went to work in his new role. In April, he assisted Sudirman in reorganising the structure of the troops. In June, at a commanders' meeting, his suggestion that TNI should fight 1958:

Nasution was married to Johanna Sunarti (1 November 1923 – 20 March 2010), a Surabaya-born humanitarian, with whom he had two daughters, Hendriyanti Sahara (1952 – 18 June 2021) and Ade Irma Suryani.

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to continue his studies, where he remained for three years. His desire to be a teacher gradually faded as his interest in politics grew. He secretly bought books written by the Indonesian nationalist

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managed to hold a meeting which DPR members attended. Perhaps significantly, ABRI members attended the meeting. During the meeting, Nasution criticised the New Order for not fully implementing

1807:(political bum). Once he was removed from positions of power, Nasution developed into a political opponent of the New Order regime. By the late 70s, Suharto's regime had turned from popular to 1839:

Nasution then decided that the opponents of the regime should make a major statement. He gathered ABRI members who were disgruntled with the Suharto regime such as former governor of Jakarta

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by mosquitoes and were awake. Neither heard the guards being overpowered but Mrs Nasution heard a door being forced. She got out of bed to check and on opening the bedroom door, she saw a

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administrative matters and commenced no troops. Now in a powerless position, Nasution began to think of other ways to stop the PKI's momentum. The right moment came at the Provisional

1521:). At the beginning of 1962, Nasution and Yani were the overall commanders of the so-called Liberation of West Irian, with Suharto stationed in east Indonesia as the field commander. 3743: 1513:

against the Dutch on the matter of West Papua. As part of the preparation for this campaign, Nasution turned to Suharto, who had finished his Seskoad course in November 1960.

1027:. Nasution's house was attacked, and his daughter was killed, but he managed to escape by scaling a wall and hiding in the Iraqi ambassador's residence. In the following 5456: 5396: 1795:

service at the age of 53, two years before the designated retirement age of 55. Nasution was finally removed in 1972 as the new batch of MPR members (elected during the

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against the Dutch was approved. Although not the Commander of the TNI, Nasution gained experience in the role of Armed Forces Commander in September 1948 with the

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Muslim family. He was the second child of his parents and the oldest son. His father was a trader who sold textiles, rubber, and coffee and was a member of the

4235: 3644: 5421: 5416: 5094: 2225: 1665: 1426: 850: 3389: 3072:"59. Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Southeast Asian Affairs (Mein) to the Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (Robertson)" 4136: 4102: 2478: 1281: 320: 4041: 5310: 5074: 3694: 3016: 2805:

Cribb, Robert (October 2001). "Military strategy in the Indonesian revolution: Nasution's concept of "Total People's War" in theory and practice".

1848: 3583: 5391: 3720: 3244: 2769: 581: 5059: 5441: 1449:. Nasution was appointed minister of defense and security in Sukarno's Cabinet while continuing to hold the position as army chief of staff. 305: 3494: 3468: 3217: 3114: 2985: 1993: 1131: 1012:. After the end of the national revolution, he was appointed Chief of Staff of the army, until he was suspended for his involvement in the 3735: 5140: 3667: 3605: 3442: 3521: 1083:

organisation. His very religious father wanted his son to study at a religious school, while his mother wanted him to study medicine in

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if they refused to obey Dhani's orders. By 6 am on 2 October, Halim was overtaken and the G30S Movement was officially put down.

2546: 2279: 2027: 262: 91: 5401: 2243: 1478:. Nasution wanted to take action against Suharto and considered expelling him from the army. However, Deputy Army Chief of Staff 993: 641: 63: 3415: 1172: 5436: 4221: 4195: 4170: 4001: 3959: 3940: 3917: 3898: 3879: 3558: 3531: 2710: 2673: 2646: 2315: 942: 413: 44: 3548: 1870:

joined in. Together with many other well-known critics of the government, they signed a petition that would become known as

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September 1940 he was promoted to corporal, then three months later to sergeant. He subsequently became an officer in the

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was suspected of being a G30S sympathiser. Suharto immediately integrated these orders into his plan to secure the city.

2743: 1541:(PKI) instead of the army as his main political ally. Although he had set Indonesia on a non-aligned course during the 1434: 1333: 1127: 981: 689: 1344:. Protesting against civilian interference in military affairs, Nasution and Simatupang had their troops surround the 77: 3167: 3055: 2945: 2910: 2841: 1989: 1749:

replacing them with members more sympathetic to the army's cause. During the purge, the MPRS also lost its chairman,

1558: 1384: 1203: 1040: 958: 828: 110: 3636: 5446: 2063: 1668:, and securing Jakarta by closing off all roads leading up to it. The air force was excluded because its Commander 1212: 3393: 2215: 724: 127: 59: 4584: 1184: 1151: 1001: 938: 813: 48: 4694: 2791: 1099:

and read them with his friends. Following his graduation in 1937, Nasution returned to Sumatra and taught in

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Sudirman was anxious to avoid violence and wanted negotiations to be conducted. Sudirman then commissioned

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appointed as its commander. Caduad would in 1963 change its name to the Army Strategic Reserve Command (

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who would make his name by successfully putting down the rebellions. On 5 July 1959, Sukarno issued a

1087:. However, after graduating from school in 1932, Nasution received a scholarship to study teaching at 5240: 4594: 4403: 4288: 2369: 2261: 1723:

On 24 February 1966, Nasution was removed from his position as Minister of Defense and Security in a

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and corrupt. At this time many voices began to openly speak out and criticise the regime. After the

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Nasution congratulated General Suharto on his appointment as the acting president, on 12 March 1967

1348:

and point their tank turrets at it. Their demand to Sukarno was that the current DPR be dismissed.

1068: 528: 3972:

Sejarah TNI-AD 1945—1973: Riwayat Hidup Singkat Pimpinan Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat

1832:

such as Golkar. Suharto followed this up with another speech on 16 April 1980, on the occasion of

1686:

Nasution arrived at the Kostrad headquarters at around 6 pm, just as Suharto began deploying

84: 5280: 5175: 5089: 5084: 4966: 4729: 4298: 3498: 3472: 3221: 3122: 2993: 2441: 2333: 2117: 1724: 1496: 1373: 1115:, where he continued to teach, but became more and more interested in politics and the military. 860: 766: 37: 2017: 1359:. In December 1952, they both lost their positions in ABRI and were suspended from the service. 1218:

1948 would also see Nasution rise to the position of Deputy TNI Commander. Despite being only a

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During the struggle for independence, Sukarno had always perceived Indonesia as also including

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Daftar WNI yang Menerima Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Republik Indonesia 1959 - sekarang

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to replace him as MPR chairman. Nasution's drastic fall earned him the nickname of

1762: 1653: 1587: 1369: 1353: 1332:. However, Supeno managed to find support from among the opposition parties in the 1312: 1239: 394: 2413: 5355: 5340: 5325: 5250: 5200: 5185: 5170: 5165: 4986: 4925: 4796: 4548: 4428: 4383: 4308: 4180: 3970: 3933:

A General without Troops, a Politician without a Party: The Life of A.H. Nasution

3831:

Daftar WNI yang Mendapat Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Mahaputera tahun 1959 s.d. 2003

3805:

Daftar WNI yang Mendapat Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Mahaputera tahun 1959 s.d. 2003

2663: 2161: 1985: 1859: 1816: 1704: 1561:(MPRS) General Session in May 1963. During the General Session, Nasution had the 1316: 1103:, living near the house where Sukarno lived in exile. He occasionally spoke with 1100: 823: 761: 694: 500: 5407:

Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

3758: 3471:[General History of Opposition]. Detik. 19 November 1998. Archived from 2179: 933:; 3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was a high-ranking Indonesian general and 5360: 5315: 5270: 5195: 4961: 4894: 4873: 4791: 4674: 4614: 4604: 4438: 4418: 4398: 4213: 2818: 1906: 1774: 1661: 1626: 1479: 1345: 1277: 1303: 5375: 5290: 5230: 5099: 5038: 5012: 4971: 4878: 4689: 4649: 4609: 4599: 4563: 4528: 4518: 4473: 4163: 4056: 3177: 2269: 2251: 2107: 1939: 1823:

party, Nasution said that there was a crisis in leadership in the New Order.

1808: 1750: 1677: 1546: 1484: 1446: 1341: 1311:

In December 1949, Nasution took on his position as army chief of staff, with

1231: 1080: 1072: 818: 487: 310: 242: 3929:

Jenderal Tanpa Pasukan, Politisi Tanpa Partai: Perjalana Hidup A.H. Nasution

3017:"17 Oktober 1952, Saat Para Perwira TNI AD Arahkan Moncong Meriam ke Istana" 2955: 2920: 2615:

Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"

2395: 5335: 5295: 5245: 5079: 5069: 5002: 4981: 4920: 4904: 4624: 4558: 4358: 4323: 4073: 2610: 1800: 1422: 1402: 1320: 1187:

against the Dutch. In May 1946, he was appointed Regional Commander of the

1119: 794: 254: 3157: 2359: 5119: 5114: 4868: 4734: 4629: 4513: 4463: 4318: 4293: 2935: 2900: 2576: 2492: 2377: 2341: 1840: 1634: 3893:(in Indonesian) (Indonesian ed.). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. 2431: 1441:. Parliamentary democracy system would be ended and Sukarno was now the 5345: 5205: 4863: 4858: 4766: 4714: 4538: 4278: 4205: 3695:"Putri Sulung Jenderal AH Nasution Meninggal Dunia Akibat Gagal Ginjal" 1897: 1754: 1728: 1669: 1430: 1088: 934: 627: 455: 216: 144: 131: 3606:"[INDONESIA-NEWS] FORUM KEADILAN - Jenderal AH Nasution Wafat" 2323: 2197: 1740: 5305: 5300: 5155: 5150: 4750: 4704: 4679: 4659: 4634: 4478: 3935:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo (PDAT). 2363:

Military Operational Service Medal for Republik Malaku Selatan 1950 (

2089: 1717: 1691: 1474:

Suharto was also involved in illegally bartering sugar for rice with

1393: 1112: 1009: 941:

and he remained in the military during the subsequent turmoil of the

673: 2635:

Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat

2071: 1067:

Nasution was born on 3 December 1918 in the village of Hutapungkut,

26: 4699: 4664: 4483: 4468: 4433: 4353: 2510: 1915: 1833: 1613:

Nasution having his foot treated while discussing the situation at

1542: 1475: 1398: 1223: 1135: 855: 734: 3574:

Mulyani, Ester; Rosalina, Olivia; Azril, Andi (7 September 2000).

5033: 4930: 4832: 4724: 4508: 4503: 4488: 4413: 4146: 3968: 3854: 3764: 2641:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. p. 220. 2474: 1973: 1927: 1911: 1614: 1609: 1518: 1468: 1261: 1219: 1168: 1104: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1048: 1032: 974: 962: 548: 191: 186: 2345:

Military Operational Service Medal for Angkatan Ratu Adil 1947 (

1664:, marine corps commander Hartono as well as the chief of police 1621:

On the morning of 1 October 1965, troops calling themselves the

4827: 4709: 4498: 3910:

The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired: A Purge That Ran Wild

2665:

Feet to the fire: CIA covert operations in Indonesia, 1957–1958

1931: 1820: 1325: 1235: 1052: 321:

Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia

1412: 5104: 1586:, it was a letter purporting to come from British ambassador 1243: 966: 2772:. pdat.co.id. Archived from the original on 20 December 2005 2719: 2682: 2655: 1107:

and heard him give speeches. A year later Nasution moved to

973:, he studied teaching and enrolled at a military academy in 3996:(St. Lucia; New York: University of Queensland Press, 1985) 1397:

Doctrine which the Suharto regime would adopt. Speaking at

1142:

militias by carrying messages but did not become a member.

3874:. UK: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. 2867: 2865: 1463:

General Sungkono to investigate the financial dealings of

1437:

declaring that Indonesia would now revert to the original

1379:

On 14 March 1957, after the resignation of Prime Minister

3390:"Peran Nasution Dalam Antar Soeharto Ke Puncak Kekuasaan" 3050:. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 282. 3015:

Muhtarom, Iqbal; Amanda Sair, Puspita (17 October 2021).

1972:

The former residence of Nasution at Jl Teuku Umar No 40,

1416:

Nasution listening to Sukarno reading his decree of 1959

1315:

replacing Sudirman as the commander of the newly dubbed

4002:"Guerrilla Warfare and the Indonesian Strategic Psyche" 3635:

Mastura, Chadijah; Kusnohadi, Agus (6 September 2000).

3408: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3263: 2862: 2850: 1976:, in central Jakarta has been converted into a museum. 1254:, a meeting was held between senior military officers. 3891:

Kudeta 1 Oktober 1965: Sebuah Studi Tentang Konspirasi

3736:"Museum AH Nasution, Saksi Bisu Kisah Tragis G30S/PKI" 3357: 3082: 2882: 2880: 2381:

Military Operational Service Medal for Sulawesi 1958 (

1483:

position and to punish him by sending him to the Army

1340:, Nasution and Simatupang mobilised their troops in a 3553:(in Indonesian). Elex Media Komputindo. p. 235. 3369: 1427:

Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia

1250:(PKI). When the news reached the TNI Headquarters in 4021: 3573: 3316: 3287: 3275: 2977: 2327:

Military Operational Service Medal for Madiun 1947 (

2237:

Anniversary of the Struggle for Independence Medal (

1629:, and assistant police commissioner Hamdan Mansjur. 1307:"Fundamentals of Guerrilla Warfare" by A.H. Nasution 3668:"Istri Jenderal Nasution Wafat dalam Usia 87 Tahun" 3209: 3197: 3137: 3094: 3014: 2877: 1593: 1545:, the revelation that the PRRI was assisted by the 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5457:Recipients of Order of the Holy Trinity (Ethiopia) 5397:Commanders of the Indonesian National Armed Forces 4042:Abdul Haris Nasution profile on Tokohindonesia.com 3487: 3461: 3345: 3333: 3106: 2639:Who's Who?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army 2226:Bintang Sewindu Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia 3612:(in Indonesian). 7 September 2000. Archived from 3526:(in Indonesian). Cerdas Interaktif. p. 252. 3443:"Pasang Surut Jenderal yang Selalu Terpinggirkan" 2626: 2479:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1969:served as Nasution's adjutant from 1946 to 1947. 1789: 1703:order saying that they would not be charged with 1282:Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia 1175:on 17 August 1945, Nasution joined the fledgling 1145: 5373: 4243: 3634: 2219:Indonesian Armed Forces "8 Years" Service Star ( 1362: 1055:and going into a coma. His body was interred at 3954:(reprint ed.). Macmillan Southeast Asian. 3434: 3247:. A. Umar Said Official Website. Archived from 2694: 2255:Military Long Service Medal, 16 Years Service ( 1537:Around this time, Sukarno had begun to see the 1292: 5452:Speakers of the People's Consultative Assembly 3912:(3rd ed.). Singapore: Archipelago Press. 3039: 3037: 2825: 2661: 2244:Satyalancana Peringatan Perjuangan Kemerdekaan 2039:Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 3rd Class ( 2021:Star of the Republic of Indonesia, 2nd Class ( 1524: 1287: 1016:. He was reappointed to the position in 1955. 969:Muslim family, in the village of Hutapungkut, 4229: 4137:Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Armed Forces 4064:Speaker of the People's Consultative Assembly 3734:Prasetya, Anggara Wikan (27 September 2020). 3245:"Fakta Kebenaran Korban Tragedi Peristiwa 65" 3162:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 3043: 1372:, in response to his disenchantment with the 1004:. In 1946, he was appointed commander of the 5422:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan 5417:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army personnel 3926: 3692: 3637:"Suasana Duka Menyelimuti Pemakaman Pak Nas" 2725: 2688: 2662:Conboy, Kenneth J.; Morrison, James (1999). 2399:Military Service Medal for Irian Jaya 1962 ( 1934:and going into a coma. He was buried at the 3994:Abdul Haris Nasution: a political biography 3719:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3381: 3034: 2940:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 94–96. 2738: 2736: 2734: 468:27 December 1949 – 18 October 1952 4236: 4222: 3999: 3969:Indonesian Army Bureau of History (1981), 3047:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200 143: 3927:Prsetyo, Adi; Hadad, Toriq, eds. (1998). 3519: 3216:Wibisono, Christianto (20 January 2004). 2983: 2836:. Cornell University Press. p. 233. 2798: 2762: 2513:: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Exalted 2417:Northern Borneo Military Campaign Medal ( 1457: 1023:occurred, later officially blamed on the 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 4129:as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 3949: 3733: 3215: 2968: 2871: 2856: 2731: 2632: 1988:(1945–1971), and then as Speaker of the 1949: 1847:, and former deputy army chief of staff 1739: 1608: 1528: 1411: 1302: 1234:. Following the takeover of the city of 1202: 1134:Indonesia. At the time, Nasution was in 275:10 July 1959 – 22 February 1966 3546: 3416:"Transcript of Nawaksara Supplementary" 3155: 3112: 2905:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 87. 2834:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia 1735: 1452: 1238:in East Java, by former Prime Minister 1031:, he assisted in the rise of President 937:. He served in the military during the 426:1 November 1955 – 21 June 1962 175:20 June 1966 – 28 October 1972 5392:Chiefs of staff of the Indonesian Army 5374: 3907: 3855:Indonesian Army Bureau of History 1981 3765:Indonesian Army Bureau of History 1981 3523:Kumpulan Pahlawan Indonesia Terlengkap 3387: 3375: 3327: 3310: 3298: 3281: 3269: 2700: 2165:Star of Swa Bhuwana Paksa, 1st Class ( 2129:Star of Kartika Eka Paksi, 1st Class ( 4217: 4196:Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army 4171:Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army 4103:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 3869: 3746:from the original on 27 February 2023 3418:. Tempo. 5 April 1997. Archived from 3236: 3203: 3143: 3100: 3088: 2933: 2898: 2886: 2831: 2804: 2435:Medal for Combat Against Communists ( 2280:Satyalancana Jasadharma Angkatan Laut 2093:Military Distinguished Service Star ( 2028:Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipradana 1926:Nasution died on 6 September 2000 in 1710: 1598: 1572: 1156: 5442:People from Mandailing Natal Regency 4369:Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono 3992:C.L.M. Penders and Ulf Sundhaussen, 3665: 3440: 3113:Sumbogo, Priyono B. (8 March 1997). 2668:. Naval Institute Press. p. 3. 1954:AH Nasution with his family in 1965. 951:fall of President Sukarno from power 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 4095:as Chief of Staff of the War Forces 3888: 3363: 3351: 3339: 2984:Sujatmoko, Bambang (8 March 1997). 1999: 1784: 1467:(Kodam) and its commander, Colonel 1465:Military Area Command IV/Diponegoro 1198: 605: 16:Indonesian army general (1918–2000) 13: 3987:Fundamentals of Guerrilla Warfare. 3980: 3586:from the original on 15 March 2023 2449: 2316:Satyalancana Perang Kemerdekaan II 2273:Navy Distinguished Service Medal ( 1647:Major General Umar Wirahadikusumah 1425:declared the establishment of the 1128:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 1008:, the guerrilla unit operating in 982:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 375:December 1955 – July 1959 333:January 1962 – March 1966 14: 5468: 4017: 3441:Pour, Julius (7 September 2000). 3388:Suwalu, Sulangkung (8 May 1999). 3242: 3220:. Suara Pembaruan. Archived from 2971:Fundamentals of Guerrilla Warfare 2937:Southeast Asia : a testament 2902:Southeast Asia : a testament 2298:Satyalancana Perang Kemerdekaan I 2111:Star of Yudha Dharma, 1st Class ( 1992:(1966–1972), he received several 1890: 1617:HQ on the night of 1 October 1965 4153:as Commander of the Armed Forces 4024: 4000:McElhatton, Emmet (8 May 2008). 3647:from the original on 26 May 2022 3497:. 18 August 1993. Archived from 3392:. munindo.brd.de. Archived from 3190:Bob Catley and Vinsensio Dugis, 2603: 2569: 2539: 2531:: Grand Cross and Collar of the 2521: 2503: 2485: 2467: 2430: 2412: 2394: 2376: 2358: 2340: 2322: 2304: 2286: 2268: 2262:Satyalancana Kesetiaan XVI Tahun 2250: 2232: 2214: 2196: 2183:Star of Bhayangkara, 1st Class ( 2178: 2160: 2142: 2124: 2106: 2088: 2070: 2052: 2046:Bintang Republik Indonesia Utama 2034: 2016: 1961: 1594:G30S and Transition to New Order 1511:pursue a policy of confrontation 1213:Indonesian National Armed Forces 640: 263:Minister of Defense and Security 25: 5105:Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah 3950:Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1982). 3822: 3796: 3770: 3727: 3686: 3659: 3628: 3598: 3576:"Jenderal Besar Nasution Wafat" 3567: 3540: 3513: 3184: 3149: 3064: 3008: 2962: 2934:Kahin, George McTurnan (2003). 2927: 2899:Kahin, George McTurnan (2003). 2892: 2832:Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). 2172:Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa Utama 2136:Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama 2057:Star of Mahaputera, 2nd Class ( 1649:, rushed to the Nasution home. 1334:People's Representative Council 996:, he enlisted in the fledgling 601: 36:needs additional citations for 5402:Defense ministers of Indonesia 3872:Suharto: A Political Biography 3495:"Nasution Meets Suharto Again" 3218:"Hentikan "Bharata Yuda" 2004" 3076:United States State Department 2969:Nasution, Abdul Haris (1953). 2744:"General Abdul Haris Nasution" 1990:People's Consultative Assembly 1790:Fall from power and opposition 1559:People's Consultative Assembly 1185:Indonesian National Revolution 1183:(TKR), which was fighting the 1152:Indonesian National Revolution 1146:Indonesian National Revolution 1041:People's Consultative Assembly 1002:Indonesian National Revolution 959:People's Consultative Assembly 939:Indonesian National Revolution 814:Indonesian National Revolution 1: 3952:A History of Modern Indonesia 3693:Liputan6.com (18 June 2021). 3469:"Sejarah Jenderal Beroposisi" 3159:A history of modern Indonesia 2620: 2147:Star of Jalasena, 1st Class ( 2064:Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana 1910:, a rank that he shared with 1815:, in which there was alleged 1652:A guard outside the house of 1490: 1363:Second term as chief of staff 1130:(KNIL). In 1942 the Japanese 1062: 5437:National Heroes of Indonesia 4524:Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution 4245:National Heroes of Indonesia 2633:Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1998). 2495:: Knight Grand Cross of the 2309:2nd Independence War Medal ( 2291:1st Independence War Medal ( 1539:Communist Party of Indonesia 1533:Nasution in uniform, c. 1960 1293:First term as chief of staff 1091:. In 1935 Nasution moved to 1025:Communist Party of Indonesia 994:proclamation of independence 907: 7: 5256:Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan 3666:Yuli, ed. (21 March 2010). 3192:The Garuda and The Kangaroo 2515:Order of the White Elephant 1884:Indonesian Democratic Party 1525:Rivalry with the Communists 1288:Parliamentary democracy era 10: 5473: 5412:Indonesian anti-communists 5336:Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati 5044:Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes 2819:10.1179/072924701799733190 2705:. Macmillan. p. 314. 2595:Philippine Legion of Honor 2561:Order of the People's Army 2554:Order of the Yugoslav Flag 2118:Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama 1979: 1602: 1494: 1296: 1272:went into exile in China. 1248:Indonesian Communist Party 1160: 1149: 980:He became a member of the 800:Dutch East Indies campaign 414:Chief of Staff of the Army 149:Portrait of Nasution, 1971 5241:I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung 5133: 5052: 5026: 4995: 4954: 4913: 4887: 4851: 4820: 4759: 4743: 4595:Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe 4572: 4404:Lambertus Nicodemus Palar 4289:Alexander Andries Maramis 4251: 4202: 4193: 4187: 4177: 4168: 4160: 4143: 4134: 4119: 4109: 4100: 4085: 4080: 4070: 4061: 4053: 4048: 2986:"Dwifungsi Di Tiga Zaman" 2790:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2563:with Laurer Wreath (1960) 2533:Order of the Holy Trinity 2406:Satyalancana Satya Dharma 2190:Bintang Bhayangkara Utama 1945: 1936:Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery 1866:as well as PDRI chairman 1858:. Former prime ministers 1843:, former chief of police 1813:1977 legislative election 1797:1971 legislative election 1563:Indonesian National Party 1445:in addition to being the 1057:Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery 990:Defenders of the Homeland 916: 894: 775: 740: 730: 720: 703: 682: 661: 656: 648: 636: 615: 588: 575: 565: 560:Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery 555: 538: 515: 510: 506: 493: 480: 472: 461: 448: 438: 430: 419: 411: 401: 387: 379: 368: 358: 345: 337: 326: 318: 299: 287: 279: 268: 260: 248: 236: 200: 179: 168: 158: 154: 142: 125: 5276:Martha Christina Tiahahu 5266:Mahmud Shah III of Johor 4941:Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro 4787:Donald Izacus Pandjaitan 4695:Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo 4554:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto 4534:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara 4364:Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung 3550:13 Wasiat Terlarang + CD 3445:. Kompas. Archived from 3156:Vickers, Adrian (2005). 2726:Prsetyo & Hadad 1998 2689:Prsetyo & Hadad 1998 2424:Satyalancana Wira Dharma 1921: 1880:United Development Party 1868:Syafruddin Prawiranegara 1280:in Dutch captivity, the 1173:Indonesia's independence 1123:occupied the Netherlands 1069:Mandailing Natal Regency 407:ACM Soerjadi Soerjadarma 5447:People of Batak descent 5281:Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin 5090:Albertus Soegijapranata 4967:Johannes Abraham Dimara 4730:Robert Wolter Mongisidi 4299:Andi Sultan Daeng Radja 3989:New York: Praeger, 1965 3889:Fic, Victor M. (2005). 3547:Santosa, Ippho (2008). 1497:West New Guinea dispute 1374:Parliamentary Democracy 998:Indonesian armed forces 943:Parliamentary democracy 861:West New Guinea dispute 767:Indonesian Armed Forces 444:Maj. Gen. Bambang Utoyo 161:Speaker of the People's 5236:I Gusti Ketut Jelantik 5211:Raja Haji Fisabilillah 4843:Wahidin Soedirohoesodo 4838:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo 4777:Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono 4670:Muhammad Mangundiprojo 4459:Rajiman Wediodiningrat 4424:Mohammad Husni Thamrin 4339:Ferdinand Lumbantobing 4264:Abdul Halim Majalengka 3908:Hughes, John (2002) . 3870:Elson, Robert (2001). 3044:M.C. Ricklefs (2008). 2770:"Abdul Haris Nasution" 2497:Order of Orange-Nassau 2440: 2422: 2404: 2386: 2370:Satyalancana G.O.M III 2368: 2350: 2332: 2314: 2296: 2278: 2260: 2242: 2224: 2206: 2188: 2170: 2154:Bintang Jalasena Utama 2152: 2134: 2116: 2098: 2080: 2062: 2044: 2031:) (26 September 1997) 2026: 1955: 1799:) came in and elected 1745: 1618: 1534: 1458:Corruption in the army 1417: 1308: 1215: 1181:People's Security Army 1000:and fought during the 690:Dutch East Indies Army 529:Koetanopan, Mandailing 364:General Suharto (1968) 60:"Abdul Haris Nasution" 5065:Abdul Wahab Hasbullah 4946:Maria Walanda Maramis 4900:Wage Rudolf Supratman 4802:Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto 4379:Iwa Koesoemasoemantri 4329:Djoeanda Kartawidjaja 4259:Abdoel Kahar Moezakir 4089:Tahi Bonar Simatupang 2973:. Praeger. p. 6. 2701:Keegan, John (1979). 2477:: Grand Cross of the 2388:Satyalancana G.O.M IV 2352:Satyalancana G.O.M II 1984:As an officer in the 1953: 1743: 1623:30 September Movement 1612: 1605:30 September Movement 1532: 1495:Further information: 1415: 1407:military dictatorship 1387:, Sukarno declared a 1328:and Defense Minister 1306: 1297:Further information: 1206: 931:Abdoel Haris Nasution 878:30 September Movement 841:Darul Islam rebellion 704:Years of service 395:Tahi Bonar Simatupang 163:Consultative Assembly 5331:Sisingamangaraja XII 5261:Mahmud Badaruddin II 5191:Teungku Chik di Tiro 5085:As'ad Syamsul Arifin 4977:Pajonga Daeng Ngalie 4580:Abdul Haris Nasution 4544:Teuku Muhammad Hasan 4494:Sukarjo Wiryopranoto 4449:Oto Iskandar di Nata 4409:Maskoen Soemadiredja 4334:Ernest Douwes Dekker 4269:Abdurrahman Baswedan 4123:Soerjadi Soerjadarma 4113:Soerjadi Soerjadarma 4004:. Small Wars Journal 3501:on 15 September 2006 3475:on 18 September 2006 3449:on 29 September 2007 3396:on 27 September 2007 3125:on 18 September 2006 2996:on 18 September 2006 2442:Satyalancana Penegak 2334:Satyalancana G.O.M I 2049:) (10 January 1963) 1967:Umar Wirahadikusumah 1845:Hoegeng Imam Santoso 1736:Chairman of the MPRS 1681:Pranoto Reksosamudro 1453:Guided Democracy era 1179:, then known as the 1132:invaded and occupied 1051:, after suffering a 984:, but following the 923:Abdul Haris Nasution 353:Soerjadi Soerjadarma 294:Djuanda Kartawidjaja 137:Abdul Haris Nasution 45:improve this article 5427:Indonesian generals 5321:Ranggong Daeng Romo 5095:Bagoes Hadikoesoemo 4812:Sutoyo Siswomiharjo 4782:Katamso Darmokusumo 4772:Karel Satsuit Tubun 4620:Halim Perdanakusuma 4394:Kasman Singodimedjo 4374:I Gusti Ketut Pudja 4344:Gatot Mangkoepradja 4304:Arie Frederik Lasut 3366:, pp. 270–271. 2750:. 19 September 2000 1864:Burhanuddin Harahap 1805:gelandangan politik 1771:Pelengkap Nawaksara 1666:Sucipto Judodiharjo 1346:Presidential Palace 725:General of the army 128:General of the Army 5432:Indonesian Muslims 5226:Tuanku Imam Bonjol 4936:Ki Hajar Dewantara 4710:Sutomo (Bung Tomo) 4640:I Gusti Ngurah Rai 4585:Abdul Rahman Saleh 4049:Political offices 3857:, p. 120-121. 3520:Mirnawati (2012). 3251:on 1 November 2006 2559:First Rank of the 2552:First Rank of the 1956: 1930:after suffering a 1746: 1711:Missed opportunity 1688:Sarwo Edhie Wibowo 1619: 1599:Kidnapping attempt 1584:Gilchrist Document 1573:Division with Yani 1567:president for life 1535: 1507:Bandung Conference 1443:Head of Government 1418: 1389:State of Emergency 1381:Ali Sastroamidjojo 1309: 1266:Siliwangi Division 1259:Lieutenant Colonel 1216: 1193:Renville Agreement 1189:Siliwangi Division 1163:Siliwangi Division 1157:Siliwangi Division 1035:and was appointed 1006:Siliwangi Division 856:Permesta rebellion 757:Siliwangi Division 228:Melanchton Siregar 5369: 5368: 5125:Nyai Ahmad Dahlan 5018:Tirto Adhi Soerjo 4685:Oerip Soemohardjo 4655:R. E. Martadinata 4349:Hamengkubuwono IX 4212: 4211: 4203:Succeeded by 4178:Succeeded by 4156: 4144:Succeeded by 4132: 4110:Succeeded by 4098: 4081:Military offices 4071:Succeeded by 3961:978-0-333-24380-0 3942:978-979-9065-02-5 3919:978-981-4068-65-9 3900:978-979-461-555-3 3881:978-0-521-77326-3 3742:(in Indonesian). 3643:(in Indonesian). 3610:library.ohiou.edu 3582:(in Indonesian). 3560:978-979-27-2526-1 3533:978-979-788-343-0 3313:, pp. 41–42. 3272:, pp. 40–42. 3224:on 16 August 2004 3091:, pp. 57–58. 2807:War & Society 2728:, pp. 35–41. 2712:978-0-333-17236-0 2691:, pp. 21–34. 2675:978-1-55750-193-6 2648:978-979-428-100-0 2593:Commander of the 2588:Order of Sikatuna 2075:The Sacred Star ( 1876:Petition of Fifty 1725:cabinet reshuffle 1551:Supreme Commander 1439:1945 Constitution 1330:Hamengkubuwono IX 1299:17 October affair 1228:guerrilla warfare 1029:political turmoil 1014:17 October affair 986:Japanese invasion 971:Dutch East Indies 920: 919: 883:Operation Trisula 873:Operation Dwikora 866:Operation Trikora 846:Invasion of Ambon 836:17 October affair 669:Dutch East Indies 533:Dutch East Indies 121: 120: 113: 95: 5464: 5351:Thaha Syaifuddin 5286:Nyi Ageng Serang 5216:Hamengkubuwono I 5161:Andi Mappanyukki 5008:Mohammad Tabrani 4720:T. B. Simatupang 4444:Opu Daeng Risaju 4389:Johannes Leimena 4314:Bagindo Azizchan 4284:Adnan Kapau Gani 4274:Achmad Soebardjo 4238: 4231: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4188:Preceded by 4161:Preceded by 4150: 4126: 4120:Preceded by 4092: 4086:Preceded by 4054:Preceded by 4046: 4045: 4040: 4034: 4032:Indonesia portal 4029: 4028: 4027: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3976: 3975:, vol. 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Simatupang 1240:Amir Syarifuddin 1209:Deputy Commander 1207:Nasution as the 1199:Deputy commander 1045:New Order Regime 992:. Following the 988:, he joined the 961:under President 953:, he became the 949:. Following the 947:Guided Democracy 786: 751: 657:Military service 644: 609: 607: 603: 545: 542:6 September 2000 525: 523: 511:Personal details 496: 483: 466: 451: 441: 424: 412:2nd and 5th 404: 390: 373: 361: 348: 331: 314: 302: 290: 273: 251: 239: 224:Mohammad Subchan 211: 173: 147: 123: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5461: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5356:Untung Surapati 5341:Tuanku Tambusai 5326:Ratu Kalinyamat 5251:La Maddukelleng 5201:Cut Nyak Meutia 5186:Bataha Santiago 5181:Sultan Babullah 5171:Prince Antasari 5166:Aria Wangsakara 5151:Ageng Tirtayasa 5129: 5048: 5022: 4991: 4987:Syarif Kasim II 4950: 4926:Herman Johannes 4909: 4883: 4847: 4816: 4797:Siswondo Parman 4760:Revolutionaries 4755: 4739: 4568: 4549:Teuku Nyak Arif 4429:Mohammad Natsir 4384:Izaak Huru Doko 4309:Arnold Mononutu 4247: 4242: 4208: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4181:Bambang Soegeng 4174: 4166: 4149: 4140: 4125: 4115: 4106: 4091: 4076: 4067: 4059: 4039:(in Indonesian) 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