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Absolute defence

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535:. Most notably, innocence, while a complete defense to a criminal charge, is not generally termed "absolute", because it involves a material fact of the pleading. On the other hand, double jeopardy is more likely to be termed an absolute defence; an indictment or (other criminal initiating pleading) does not have to state that the defendant has not previously been tried on the crime, but once a defendant shows that he has been previously tried for a crime, his dismissal is required by the US Constitution. 1811: 400: 1865: 1825: 22: 459:
is not a rigid one. Statutes frequently use the term merely as a synonym to "full" or "complete". It is more often used, however, as a term of art in both criminal and civil law to refer to an underlying set of facts and laws, not raised by the complaint or indictment, which will require the
485:): a person cannot be made to pay damages for a defamatory statement, if the person can show that the statement is true (even if the statement is damaging, and the person said it in bad faith). This is the case in some jurisdictions, including the United States, but not in others, including 527:
Use of the word "absolute" sometimes causes confusion, because even in the law "absolute" is sometimes used simply as a synonym for "full" or "complete". As a term or art, however, there are many
550:, by which the litigant hopes to mitigate the outcome of the litigation, or limit culpability, but the liability is not eliminated. Examples include 463:
Another characteristic of an absolute defence is that, when it is pleaded and proven, it is not subject to mitigation or collateral attack.
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with immunity unless it agrees to waive its immunity, usually by legislation allowing specific claims to be brought.
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defendant's dismissal even if the factual allegations of the complaining pleading are true.
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case: a person cannot be held criminally liable for battery if they can prove
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of various kinds can provide an absolute defence. For example,
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was impossible, or where the use of force was not excessive).
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"Absolute defence"
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Common law
Contract law
Tort law
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Criminal law
Evidence
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Criminal defenses
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Actual innocence
Immunity
Mental disorder (Insanity)
Diminished responsibility
Intoxication
Infancy

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