Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

586:(transmitters of reports of all sorts, including genealogical, historical, and anecdotal reports). The variety of the narrators and their narrations enriched al-Iṣfahānī's literary output, which covers a wide range of topics from amusing tales to the accounts of the Alids' martyrdom. His erudition is best illustrated by Abu Ali al-Muhassin al-Tanukhi's (941–994) comment: "With his encyclopaedic knowledge of music, musicians, poetry, poets, genealogy, history, and other subjects, al-Iṣfahānī established himself as a learned scholar and teacher." 1776: 683:, was very likely intended for al-Muhallabī, as well. In return for his literary efforts, according to al-Tanūkhī, al-Isfahani frequently received rewards from the vizier. Furthermore, for the sake of their long-term friendship and out of his respect for al-Isfahani's genius, al-Muhallabī exceptionally tolerated al-Isfahani's uncouth manners and poor personal hygiene. The sources say nothing about al-Isfahani's fate after al-Muhallabī's death. In his last years, according to his student, Muhammad b. Abī al-Fawāris, he suffered from senility ( 129: 781:(694–740), by presenting them positively, while, in some cases, leaving their enemies’ rectitude in question. In spite of that, al-Isfahani is neither keen to identify the imams in the past, nor discuss the qualities of an imam. As a matter of fact, he hardly uses the word, not even applying it to Zayd b. Ali. Furthermore, he does not unconditionally approve any Alid revolt and seems lukewarm towards the group he refers to as Zaydis. Taken together, al-Isfahani's Shi'i conviction is better characterised as moderate love for 733:

with conflicting reports, al-Isfahani either leaves his readers to decide or issues his judgement as to the most credible account. Yet, he frankly condemns sources whom he holds to be unreliable, for instance, Ibn Khurdādhbih on musicological information and Ibn al-Kalbī on genealogy. Indeed, al-Isfahani assesses his source material with a critical eye, while striving to present a more balanced view on his biographies, by focusing on their merits instead of elaborating on their flaws.

597:, they mention nothing of where he worked or for whom. The details of his occupation as a scribe only came later, with Yaqut, many of whose reports about al-Isfahani prove problematic. For instance, a report from Yaqut claims that al-Isfahani was the scribe of Rukn al-Dawla (d. 976) and mentions his resentment towards Abū al-Faḍl b. al-ʿAmīd (d. 970). However, the very same report was mentioned by Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (active tenth century) in his 700:), as defined by one of his teachers, Abu al-Ṭayyib al-Washshāʾ (d. 937). His unconformity to the social norms did not hinder him from being part of al-Muhallabī's entourage or participation in the literary assemblies, but, inevitably, it resulted in frictions with other scholars and detraction by his enemies. Although al-Isfahani appeared eccentric to his human associates, he was a caring owner of his cat, named Yaqaq (white): he treated Yaqaq's 2214: 2172: 825:, provides information related to monasteries, with the indication of their geographical locations and, sometimes, history and topographical characteristics. However, it is questionable to what extent the reconstructed editions can represent the original texts, since the passages, which quote al-Isfahani as a source for the given subject and are thus included by the editor, seldom identify the titles of the works. 39: 862:

because the people at that time were not impressed with verses featuring tenderness and softness. Thus, he only records the Abbasid poetesses, with mention of the relevant fine verses or the pleasant tales, and arranges them in chronological order. There are 31 sections, addressing 32 poetesses, most of which are short and usually begin with al-Isfahani's summary of the subject.

3195: 821:, is a collection of the biographies of the enslaved singing girls. In it, al-Isfahani provided the basic information about the biographical subjects, the men who enslaved them, and their interaction with poets, notables such as caliphs, and their admirers, with illustration of their poetic and/or musical talents. The latter, 667:(903–963), is well-documented. The friendship between the two began before al-Muhallabī's became vizier in 950. The firm relationship between them is supported by al-Isfahani's poetry collected by al-Thaʿālibī (961–1038): half of the fourteen poems are panegyrics dedicated to al-Muhallabī. In addition, al-Isfahani's own work, 3204:, p. 43–44 (Jaʿfar b. Qudāma al-Kātib); 50–51 (al-Ḥusayn b. al-Qāsim al-Kawkabī al-Kātib); 53 (Isḥāq b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk al-Kātib); 41 (ʿAlī b. Ṣāliḥ al-Kātib); 39 (ʿAlī b. al-ʿAbbās al-Ṭalḥī al-Kātib); 39–40 (ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kātib); 49 (al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Kātib); 57 (Muḥammad b. Baḥr al-Iṣfahānī al-Kātib). 773:. Although al-Ṭūsī's view is widely accepted, its veracity is not beyond doubt. Al-Isfahani does not seem to have been informed of the latest Zaydī movements in Yemen and Ṭabaristān during his life, while his association with the Kūfan Zaydī community, which to some degree became less distinguishable from the 1749:

and gave it to Sayf al-Dawla Abu al-Hasan Sadaqa Fakhr al-Din b. Baha al-Dawla, whom Yaqut mistook for the Hamdanid, Sayf al-Dawla. This account is then followed by a comment from al-Ṣāḥib b. ʿAbbād and a dialogue between al-Muhallabī and al-Isfahani and then returns to the words of Abu al-Qasim, who

1355:

The term, Shi'i, is used in its broadest sense in this article and comprises various still evolving groups, including Imami Shi'is, Zaydīs, Ghulāt, and mild or soft Shi'is (as per van Ess and Crone), as well as those who straddle several sectarian alignments. Such inclusiveness is necessitated by the

473:

In the seats of the caliphate, a few members of the al-Isfahani family worked as scribes, while maintaining friendship or alliance with other scribes, viziers and notables. Like many of the court elite, al-Isfahani's family maintained an amicable relationship with the offspring of Ali and allied with

486:

Given that al-Isfahani and his family very likely settled in Baghdad around the beginning of the tenth century, he interacted with a considerable number of the inhabitants of or visitors to that city, including: Jaḥẓa (d. 936), al-Khaffāf, Ali b. Sulaymān al-Akhfash (d. 927/8), and Muhammad b. Jarir

1443:. Al-Isfahani's direct sources from this family are the famous al-Ṣūlī, Muhammad b. Yahya (d. 335/946 or 336/947), who was the boon companion of a number of the caliphs and a phenomenal chess player; his son, Yahya b. Muhammad al-Ṣūlī; and al-Abbas b. Ali, known as Ibn Burd al-Khiyār. See: See also: 853:

the reports about the experiences of strangers; those away from their homes or their beloved ones. Some of the stories centre on the hardship which strangers, anonymous or not, encountered in their journey or exile, usually shown in the epigrams written on monuments, rocks, or walls. Others relate

719:

In contrast to his personal habits, al-Isfahani's prose style is lucid, “in clear and simple language, with unusual sincerity and frankness”. Al-Isfahani's capacity as a writer is well illustrated by Abu Deeb, who depicts al-Isfahani as "one of the finest writers of Arabic prose in his time, with a

482:

The Isfahani family's extensive network of contacts is reflected in al-Isfahani's sources. Among the direct informants whom al-Isfahani cites in his works, are members of his own family, who were further connected to other notable families, the Al Thawaba, the Banū Munajjim, the Yazīdīs, the Ṣūlīs,

955:

is not the first book or collection of songs in Arabic, but it can be asserted that it is the most important one, for it "is a unique mine of information not only on hundreds of song texts with their modes and meters, but also on the lives of their poets and composers, and on the social context of

878:. Al-Isfahani does not explain the motivation behind this compilation nor mention to whom they were dedicated, but according to the preface of this work, he sets out as a condition to recount the reports about the Ṭālibids who were “praiseworthy in their conduct and rightly guided in their belief ( 732:

and meticulous verification of information, provided in all his works, embody a truly scholarly character. Usually, in his treatment of a subject or an event, al-Isfahani lets his sources speak, but, occasionally, he voices his evaluation of poems and songs, as well as their creators. When dealing

299:

which itself based its information on the testimony of al-Isfahani's student, Muhammad ibn Abi al-Fawaris. However, the credibility of these dates is to be treated with caution. No source places his death earlier than 967, but several place it later. These dates are at odds with a reference in the

515:

and Baghdad did. While al-Isfahani's Baghdadi informants were wide-ranging in their expertise as well as sectarian and theological tendencies, his Kūfan sources can be characterised as either Shi'i or keen on preserving and disseminating memories that favoured Ali and his family. For example, Ibn

474:

families, such as the Thawaba family, sharing their veneration of Ali and Alids. However, it is hard to pinpoint such a reverential attitude towards Alids in terms of sectarian alignment, given the scanty information about al-Isfahani's family and the fluidity of sectarian identities at the time.

1395:

Al-Isfahani has three informants from the Banū Munajjim, whose members were associated with the Abbasid court as boon companions, scholars, or astrologists: Ahmad b. Yahya b. Ali (262–327/876–940); Ali b. Harun b. Ali (277–352/890–963); and Yahya b. Ali b. Yahya (241–300/855–912). About the Banu

287:(from the seventh to the ninth centuries) and the lives of poets and musicians from the pre-Islamic period to al-Isfahani's time. Given his contribution to the documentation of the history of Arabic music, al-Isfahani is characterised by George Sawa as "a true prophet of modern ethnomusicology". 1620:

Al-Washshāʾ says: “It is not permissible for the people of elegance and etiquette to wear dirty clothes with clean ones, or clean ones with new ones,” and they should eat with small morsels, while avoiding gluttony. Al-Isfahani never washed his clothes and shoes and only replaced them when they

861:

was composed at the order of the vizier al-Muhallabī, al-Isfahani's patron, who demanded the collection of the reports about the enslaved women who composed poetry from the Umayyad to the Abbasid periods. Al-Isfahani confesses that he could not find any noteworthy poetess in the Umayyad period,

910:, al-Isfahanis best known work, is an immense compilation, including songs provided with musical indications (melodic modes and meters of songs), the biographies of poets and musicians of different periods in addition to historical material. As noted above, al-Isfahani embarks on compiling the 768:

As an Umayyad by ancestry, al-Isfahani's later biographers mention his Shi'i affiliation with surprise. Yet, in the light of the history of the family's connections with the Abbasid elite of Shi'i inclination and the Ṭālibids, and of his learning experience in Kūfa, his Shi'i conviction is

531:

The journey in search for knowledge taken by al-Isfahani may not be particularly outstanding by the standard of his time, but the diversity of his sources' occupations and expertise is impressive. His informants can be assigned into one or more of the following categories: philologists and

764:

is partly related to al-Isfahani's idol, Ishaq b. Ibrahim, and its information about singers, songs and performance owes a tremendous amount to him. Al-Isfahani's admiration for scholars or men of letters can be detected from time to time, usually in the passing comments in the chains of

777:, is yet to be studied in depth. It is clear, based on examination of how al-Isfahani amended the reports at his disposal, that he honoured Ali, who played a far more prominent role in his works than the first three caliphs, and some of his descendants, including Zaydi Shi'ism's eponym, 1122:, (chain of transmission), to relate the biographical accounts of the authors and composers. Although originally the poems were put to music, the musical signs are no longer legible. Abu ‘l-Faraj spent in total 50 years creating this work, which remains an important historical source. 1474:

Al-Isfahani mentions a conversation between his father and Muhammad b. Khalaf b. al-Marzubānī and notes the long-term friendship and marital tie between the two families; see: I owe this reference to: Muhammad b. Khalaf b. al-Marzubān is a ubiquitous informant in the

1648:

Al-Isfahani specifies not only his sources (the identities of his informants, or the titles of the written material used by him) but also the methods by which he acquired the reports. Now and then, he mentions the occasions on which he received the given information;

893:

313). For each biographical entry, al-Isfahani gives the full name, the lineage (sometimes adding the maternal side). Less often, he additionally gives the virtues and personal traits of the subject and other material he thinks noteworthy, for example the prophetic

695:

As a friend, al-Isfahani was unconventional in the sense that he did not seem to have been bothered to observe the social decorum of his time, as noted by a late biographical source: with his uncleanliness and gluttony, he presented a counterexample to elegance

405:(691–750), al-Isfahani's ancestor, settled in Isfahan. However, it has to be borne in mind that the earliest information available regarding al-Isfahani's family history only dates to the generation of his great-grandfather, Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham, who settled in 740:(772–850). In al-Isfahani's view, Ishaq b. Ibrahim was a multi-talented man, who excelled in a number of subjects, but, most importantly, music. Ishaq b. Ibrahim, as a collector of the reports about poets and singers, is an important source in his 3159: 470:. Despite the epithet, al-Isfahani, it does not seem that the Isfahani family had a strong connection with the city of Isfahan. Rather, the family was mainly based in Sāmarrāʾ, from the generation of Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham, and then Baghdad. 463:(1178–1225) work. While many elite families working under the Abbasid caliphate were Shi'i-inclined, indeed allied with Alids or their partisans, there is no evidence that members of the Thawaba family embraced an extreme form of Shi'ism. 1689:

The Zaydī writings in the late ninth and early tenth centuries more or less devote discussion to the role and qualities of imam; see, for example: al-Ḥādī ilā al-Ḥaqq also singled out a line of the Zaydi imams up till his time in his

898:

about, or transmitted by, the subject of the biography in question. Then, al-Isfahani gives the account of the death which, more often than not, constitutes the end of the entry. Sometimes poetry for or by the subject is attached. The

848:

is disputed. The author, whoever he may have been, mentions in the preface his sufferings from the hardship of time and vicissitude of fate, and the solace which he seeks through the stories of bygone people. Hence, he collects in the

1323:

While most of the sources agree that al-Isfahani was amongst the offspring of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan b. Muhammad, Ibn al-Nadīm alone claimed that he was a descendant of Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik (72–125/691–743). The majority

1750:

states that he only made one copy of this work in his life and that that is the one given to Sayf al-Dawla. See also: Although Khalafallah admits that his reading is conjectural, he rightly points out the obscurities in this text.

1528:

It has to be kept in mind that the categorisation is based on the attributives given by al-Isfahani. Just as al-Isfahani was not a local Isfahani, the subjects discussed here do not necessarily engage with the professions their

3207: 1464:

Yahya b. Muhammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir, identified by al-Isfahani as the nephew of ʿUbaydallāh b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir (d. 300/913), is the son of Muhammad b. ʿAbdallāh b. Ṭāhir (d. 296/908–9), the governor of Khurāsān. See

817:(r. 813–833), which was arranged as a song by Mutayyam. The first two have been reconstructed and published by al-ʿAtiyya, who collected and collateed the passages from later works that quote from al-Isfahani. The former, 393:. Instead of indicating al-Isfahani's birthplace, this epithet seems to be common to al-Isfahani's family. Every reference al-Isfahani makes to his paternal relatives includes the attributive, al-Isfahani. According to 869:

is a historical-biographical compilation concerning the descendants of Abu Talib, who died by being killed, poisoned to death in a treacherous way, on the run from the rulers’ persecution, or confined until death. The

487:

al-Ṭabari (d. 922). Like other scholars of his time, al-Isfahani travelled in pursuit of knowledge. Although the details are insufficient to establish the dates of his journeys, based on the chains of transmission (

5059:

Quellenuntersuchungen zu den "Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn" des Abū-l-Farağ al-Iṣfahānī (gest. 356/967): Ein Beitrag zur Problematik der mündlichen und schriftlichen Überlieferung in der mittelalterlichen arabischen

3183: 2147: 951:); and third, al-Isfahanis selection of songs. The articles in each part are arranged based on different patterns, but it is mostly the song which introduces the articles on biographies or events. The 495:) al-Isfahani cites consistently and meticulously in every report, it is certain that he transmitted from ʿAbd al-Malik b. Maslama and ʿĀṣim b. Muhammad in Antakya; ʿAbdallāh b. Muhammad b. Ishaq in 1488:

The Ṭālibid informants of al-Isfahani comprise: Ali b. al-Husayn b. Ali b. Hamza; Ali b. Ibrahim b. Muhammad; Ali b. Muhammad b. Ja'far; Ja'far b. Muhammad b. Ja'far; Muhammad b. Ali b. Hamza; see:

8034: 8617: 3168:, p. 52–53 (ʿĪsā b. al-Ḥusayn al-Warrāq); 40 (ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Warrāq); 37 (Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Ṣaḥḥāf); 31 (ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. ʿUbayd al-Ṣaḥḥāf); 65 (Muḥammad b. Zakariyyā al-Ṣaḥḥāf). 1305:

Another spelling, al-Isbahani, is also used in secondary literature. Although al-Isbahani is found in the oldest biographical sources and manuscripts, al-Isfahani will be used in this article.

308:) in 967. Calculation of the approximate dates of his birth and death through the life spans of his students and his direct informants suggests that he was born before 902 and died after 960. 728:(rhyming prose). He was also a fine poet with an opulent imagination. His poetry displays preoccupations similar to those of other urban poets of his time". His pinpoint documentation of 1288:

Al-Isfahani traced his descent to Marwan II as follows: Abu al-Faraj Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Haytham ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan ibn Abd Allah ibn Marwan II ibn

3234: 8607: 1084:) 'Book of Songs', a collection of Arabic chants rich in information on Arab and Persian poets, singers and other musicians from the 7th to the 10th centuries of major cities such as 2490: 1455:

The Banu Hamdun were known for their boon companionship at the Abbasid court in the ninth century; al-Isfahani's informant is Abdallāh b. Ahmad b. Ḥamdūn; about the Banū Ḥamdūn; see:

8602: 3216:, p. 61 (Muḥammad b. Ḥusayn al-Kindī was al-Iṣfahānī’s tutor and the preacher at the congregational mosque in Qādisiyya); 40–41 (ʿAlī b. Muḥammad, an imam of a Kūfan mosque). 5478:

La signification du bas Moyen Age dans l'histoire et la culture du monde musulman. Actes du 8me Congrès de l'Union Européenne des Arabisants et Islamisants Aix-en-Provence 1976

617:), and genealogy by heart like Abū al-Faraj al-Isfahani. Very proficient in these matters, he is also knowledgeable in the military campaigns and the biography of the Prophet ( 6688: 3258: 8009: 455:, al-Isfahani refers to Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba (from the Al Thawaba) as his grandfather on his mother's side. It is often suggested that the family of Thawaba, being 1159:

who rebelled against the government and were killed, slaughtered, executed or poisoned, lived underground, fled or died in captivity. The work is a major source for the

1035:("The Book concerning the Statements of Fāṭima, Peace upon Her, regarding Fadak"). Should the attribution of these two works to al-Isfahani be correct, together with the 8642: 7937: 8435: 7984: 1262:

Other dates of death are in the 360s/970s and 357/967–68, suggested respectively by Ibn al-Nadim (d. 385/995 or 388/998) and Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani (336–430/948–1038)

1439:

The association with the Ṣūlīs likely began in the generation of al-Isfahani's grandfather, Muhammad b. Ahmad, who was close to Ibrahim b. al-Abbas al-Ṣūlī; see the

4850:

The Twenty-First Volume of Kitāb al-Aġānī; a Collection of Biographies not contained in the edition of Bulāq, Edited from Manuscripts in the Royal Library of Munich

1590:

is Ḥabīb b. Naṣr al-Muhallabī (d. 307/919), presumably from the Muhallabid family, but it is not clear how this informant relates to Abū Muhammad al-Muhallabī; see:

1383:

Al-Isfahani's sources are al-Abbas b. Ahmad b. Thawaba and Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba, al-Isfahani's grandfather from the maternal side, who is cited indirectly.

889:, the work is structured in chronological order, beginning with the first Ṭālibī martyr, Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib, and ends in the year of its compilation, August 925 ( 347:, and seems to have kept up a correspondence with them and to have sent them some of his works. He became famous for his knowledge of early Arabian antiquities. 3192:, p. 32 (Aḥmad b. al-ʿAbbās al-Muʾaddib); 35 (Aḥmad b. ʿImrān al-Muʾaddib); 61–62 (Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn al-Muʾaddib); 62 (Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Muʾaddib). 1975: 8245: 7964: 5463:

Kilpatrick, Hilary (2004). "On the Difficulty of Knowing Mediaeval Arabic Authors: The Case of Abū l-Faraj and Pseudo-Iṣfahānī". In Hoyland, Robert G. (ed.).

8657: 8039: 8340: 7994: 5999: 1791: 956:

music making in early Islam and at the courts of the caliphs in Damascus and Baghdad". Because of al-Isfahani's pedantic documentation of his sources, the

3219: 8677: 8076: 736:

That said, al-Isfahani's personal preferences and sectarian partisanship are not absent from his works. In terms of music and songs, al-Isfahani favours

1797: 8260: 769:

understandable. Al-Tusi (995–1067) is the only early source specifying the exact sect to which al-Isfahani belonged in the fluid Shi'i world: he was a

744:. Besides being a mine of information, Ishaq b. Ibrahim's terminology for the description of the melodic modes is preferred over that of his opponent, 7056: 459:, bequeathed their sectarian inclination to al-Isfahani. However, the identification of the Thawaba family as Shi'is is only found in a late source, 85: 8410: 8400: 8230: 8220: 1314:

This misconception, according to Azarnoosh, was first disseminated by Ṭāshkubrīzādah (d. 968/1560) and was thereafter followed by modern scholars.

441: 8380: 8370: 6828: 5782: 963:

As for the works that did not survive, based on their contents, as implied by their titles, they can be divided into the following categories:

3135: 1130:

published a 21st volume being a collection of biographies not contained in the Bulāq edition, edited from manuscripts in the Royal Library of

8697: 8632: 1910: 8722: 8240: 6693: 1680:

The earliest mention of the Umayyad-Shi'i combination in the biographical sources is perhaps: This is then repeated in later sources; see

3243:, p. 30 (ʿAbdallāh b. Abī Dāwūd al-Sijistānī); 36–37 (Ibn ʿUqda); 58 (Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-Ṭabarī); 59–60 (Muḥammad b. Khalaf Wakīʿ). 2229: 1155:

to the writing of the book in 925/6, who died in an unnatural way. As Abul-Faraj said in the foreword to his work, he included only those

1031:("The Book about the Qur'anic Verses Revealed regarding the Commander of the Faithful and the People of His Family, Peace upon Them") and 8707: 8652: 8225: 6290: 2234: 8612: 8405: 8325: 8235: 1936:

Sawa, S.G. (1985), "The Status and Roles of the Secular Musicians in the Kitab al-Aghani (Book of Songs) of Abu al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī",

1001:("The Battle-Days of the Arabs"), which mentions 1700 days of the pre-Islamic tribal battles and was in circulation only in Andalusia. 874:

literature was rather common, particularly amongst Shi'is, before al-Isfahani and he used many works of this genre as sources for the

466:

In summary, al-Isfahani came from a family well-entrenched in the networks of the Abbasid elite, which included the officials and the

8672: 7181: 7003: 5921: 8375: 7349: 1787: 511:

as well as Ḥiṣn Mahdī, Mattūth, and Bājistrā. Yet, none of these cities seems to have left as much of an impact on al-Isfahani as

8320: 8069: 1232: 420:), Ahmad b. al-Haytham seems to have led a privileged life in Sāmarrāʾ, while his sons were well-connected with the elite of the 1852: 756:

because he was commissioned by his patron to reconstruct the list of the exquisite songs selected by Ishaq. In other words, the

8717: 7076: 3267:, p. 37 (Aḥmad b. Sulaymān al-Ṭūsī); 37–38 (Ibn ʿAmmār); 42–43 (Abū Khalīfa al-Jumaḥī); 45–46 (al-Ḥaramī b. Abī al-ʿAlāʾ). 3246: 1415:. 228–310/842–922) was the tutor of the children of the caliph, al-Muqtadir (r. 295–320/908–932), and transmitted Abu Ubayda's 1365:

Both Kilpatrick and Azarnoosh follow Khalafallāh's argument as to the Al Thawaba's impact upon al-Isfahani's Shi'i conviction.

920:(chief), to reconstruct the list of one hundred fine songs, selected by Ishaq b. Ibrahim. Due to an obscure report in Yaqut's 7171: 4944: 3547: 3545: 765:

transmission. Yet al-Isfahani outspokenly expresses his admiration, in some cases, such as that of Ibn al-Muʿtazz (862–909).

5962: 5617:(1970). "Ein früher Bericht über den Aufstand von Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh im Jahr 145 h". Der Islam (in German) (46 ed.). 2358: 2356: 1227: 440:(d. 847), the scribe Ibrahim b. al-Abbas al-Ṣūlī (792–857), and the vizier Ubaydallah b. Sulayman (d. 901), along with the 3542: 3420: 960:

can also be used to reconstruct earlier books of songs or biographical dictionaries on musicians that are otherwise lost.

4490: 3003: 2353: 6009:"The Family History of Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī: the Ninth-Century ʿAbbasid Political Elite and the Ṭālibids in Samarra" 4928:

Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra : a History of Religious Thought in Early Islam

2940: 1881: 8712: 8062: 1573:

It is noteworthy that the first sentence of this quote is written differently from the works given here in al-Khaṭīb's

664: 448:. The close ties with the Abbasid court continued with Muhammad's sons, al-Hasan and al-Husayn (al-Isfahani's father). 671:(“Enslaved Women Who Composed Poetry”), is dedicated to the vizier, presumably, al-Muhallabī. His no longer surviving 8637: 5725: 5496: 5224: 5068: 4973: 4533: 3572: 6963: 5279:

Hoyland, Robert G (2006). "History, Fiction and Authorship in the First Centuries of Islam". In Bray, Julia (ed.).

4524: 675:(“The Noble Eunuchs”), which addresses two castrated male singers owned by al-Muhallabī, was composed for him. His 257:, (full form: Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham al-Umawī al-Iṣfahānī) (897–967 8490: 7081: 6968: 6858: 6328: 6283: 601:, where the scribe of Rukn al-Dawla is identified as Abū al-Faraj Ḥamd b. Muhammad, not Abū al-Faraj al-Isfahani. 589:

He was also a scribe and this is not surprising, given his families’ scribal connections, but the details of his

6373: 1864: 793:

Al-Isfahani authored a number of works, but only a few survive. Three of them are preserved through quotations:

593:

activities are rather opaque. Although both al-Tanūkhī and al-Baghdādī refer to al-Isfahani with the attribute,

6428: 5758: 5488:

Making the Great Book of Songs: Compilation and the Author's Craft in Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī's Kitāb al-Aghānī

1356:

lack of clear-cut sectarian delineation (as in the case of the Al Thawaba, discussed here) in the early period.

903:

was used as a reliable source of information by many Shi'i and non-Shi'i compilers of the following centuries.

4869:"The Authorship of the Ghurabāʾ" in The Book of Stranger: Medieval Arabic Graffiti on the Theme of Nostalgia, 295:

The commonly accepted dates of al-Isfahani's birth and death are 897–898 and 967, based on the dates given by

8667: 7698: 7329: 6723: 6718: 6625: 1745:; the original initially mentioned that Abu al-Qasim al-Husayn b. Ali al-Maghribi made an abridgement of the 1275:

to al-Isfahani is much disputed in current scholarship. The scholars who affirm al-Isfahani as the author of

1148: 27: 3924: 1374:

Besides the Al Thawaba, one may count among the pro-Alid or Shi'i families the Banū Furāt and Banū Nawbakht.

304:("The Book of the Etiquettes of Strangers"), attributed to al-Isfahani, to his being in the prime of youth ( 8465: 7206: 6888: 3624: 3527: 3351: 3270: 982:("The Genealogy of the Muhallabids"), this last probably dedicated to his patron, the vizier al-Muhallabi. 20: 6663: 8702: 7086: 7018: 6200: 6135: 5860: 5795: 5519: 5128: 4996: 4766: 4701: 4412: 3834: 2636: 2634: 2592: 1194: 424:

capital at that time. His son, Abd al-Aziz b. Ahmad, was "one of the high ranking scribes in the days of

3018: 2020: 1053:("The Book of Songs"), an encyclopaedia of over 20 volumes and editions. However, he additionally wrote 947:) and other song collections; second, the songs of the caliphs and of their children and grandchildren ( 605:

Amongst the Shīʿī narrators whom we have seen, none has memorised poems, melodies, reports, traditions (

8250: 7823: 6993: 6938: 6933: 6673: 6620: 6276: 3807: 3497: 3435: 3033: 1170: 4272: 3861: 2889: 2850: 2757: 2631: 8425: 8099: 7628: 7495: 7221: 6953: 6468: 6398: 4132: 4008: 2189: 6252: 6187: 5912: 5847: 5645:"Insights into Avicenna's Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Medicine and His Account of An Enema Device" 5635: 5571: 5180: 5048: 4818: 4753: 3981: 3462: 8692: 8647: 8559: 7585: 7437: 7296: 7201: 7166: 6403: 6199:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 6134:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5859:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5794:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 5518:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 4995:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 4765:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 4700:. In Bearman, Peri; Bianquis, Thierry; Bosworth, Clifford; van Donzel, Wolfhart; Heinrichs (eds.). 2414: 2412: 1860: 932:(r. 945–967), but recent studies suggest that a more plausible candidate for the dedication of the 724:

in a rich, lucid, rhythmic, and precise style, only occasionally exploiting such formal effects as

659:

Thus, it is hard to know with certainty how and where al-Isfahani was engaged in his capacity as a

64: 4880: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3390: 1914: 141:), 1216–20, by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, a collection of songs by famous musicians and Arab poets. 7952: 7843: 7803: 7445: 7387: 7377: 7261: 7241: 6838: 6793: 6640: 6478: 3405: 2502:, vol. 12, p. 29; vol. 14, p. 113, 157; vol. 16, p. 317–318; vol. 19, p. 35, 49; vol. 20, p. 116. 5465:

Islamic Reflections, Arabic Musings. Studies in Honour of Professor Alan Jones from His Students

4844: 2409: 1127: 8682: 8525: 7999: 7942: 7425: 7246: 6893: 6883: 6728: 6408: 4287: 4257: 3477: 3321: 3147: 3144:, p. 41–42 (al-Akhfash); 60–61 (Ibn Durayd); 32 (Ibn Rustam); 30 (ʿAbd al-Malik al-Ḍarīr). 437: 81: 5190:"The Community Divided: A Textual Analysis of the Murders of Idrīs b. ʿAbd Allāh (d. 175/791)" 4618:

Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣbahānī wa-kitābuhu al-Aghānī: dirāsa wa-taḥlīl li-azhā al-ʿuṣūr al-islāmiyya

2035: 8662: 8520: 8430: 7974: 7932: 7848: 7633: 7465: 7176: 6983: 6778: 6698: 6545: 6535: 6358: 5622: 5290:

Majmūʿ Rasāʾil al-Imām al-Hādī ilā al-Ḥaqq al-Qawīm Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥusayn b. al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm

4671:

Bahramian, Ali (1992). "Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.).

3512: 3336: 296: 5253:

Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (2002). Abū Ghadda, ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ; Abū Ghadda, Sulaymān ʿA. (eds.).

3966: 2396: 2394: 2219:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

1193:. At this meeting, al-'Abdallah made the Hashimites pledge an oath of allegiance to his son 844:("The Enslaved Women Who Composed Poetry"). As noted above, al-Isfahani's authorship of the 8345: 8335: 7808: 7768: 7653: 7515: 7500: 7256: 6928: 6878: 6803: 6788: 6783: 6678: 6645: 6630: 6610: 6483: 6388: 6368: 5993: 4828:"Crossing Sectarian Boundaries in the 4th/10th Century: Ibn 'Uqda, a Man for All Seasons,'" 4373: 2517: 1346:

For the identity of Yahya b. Muhammad b. Thawaba and other members of the Al Thawaba, see:

1116:

era, up to his own time. Abu ‘l-Faraj employs the classical Arabic genealogical device, or

745: 5643:

Nezhad, Golnoush S. M.; Dalfardi, Behnam; Ghanizadeh, Ahmad; Golzari, Samad E. J. (2015).

4897:

al-Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (1995). Muʿawwaḍ, ʿAlī M.; ʿAbd al-Mawjūd, ʿĀdil A. (eds.).

3951: 2928: 1990: 1337:

mentions Ahmad b. al-Ḥaytham's possession of slaves, which may indicate his being wealthy.

8: 8627: 8622: 8029: 8019: 7989: 7947: 7927: 7883: 7738: 7703: 7648: 7470: 7146: 6853: 6600: 6570: 6418: 4848: 3171: 2391: 1289: 283:("The Book of Songs"), which includes information about the earliest attested periods of 7161: 6008: 1108:. The Book of Songs contains details of the ancient Arab tribes and courtly life of the 8576: 8535: 8415: 8330: 7969: 7693: 7663: 7638: 7613: 7339: 7304: 7231: 7071: 6923: 6868: 6758: 6753: 6668: 6635: 6585: 6565: 6550: 6323: 6240: 6175: 5949: 5900: 5835: 5776: 5559: 5168: 5036: 4806: 4741: 2811: 2772: 2338: 1953: 194: 90: 6041: 4358: 2005: 1405:

The Yazīdīs were famed for its members’ mastery of poetry, the Qurʾānic readings, the

8280: 8024: 8014: 8004: 7979: 7916: 7858: 7818: 7718: 7505: 7460: 7286: 7013: 6988: 6973: 6733: 6655: 6605: 6555: 6443: 6299: 6222: 6214: 6210: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6091: 6074: 6057: 6028: 5953: 5941: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5817: 5809: 5805: 5764: 5754: 5731: 5721: 5702: 5656: 5602: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5502: 5492: 5451: 5423: 5406: 5389: 5354: 5328: 5311: 5267: 5241: 5220: 5150: 5142: 5111: 5074: 5064: 5018: 5010: 5006: 4979: 4969: 4950: 4940: 4913: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4684: 4676: 4659: 4651: 4529: 1891: 1822: 1214: 1109: 398: 4647: 4242: 2378: 2376: 2374: 1775: 8365: 8360: 8290: 8215: 8185: 8116: 7959: 7878: 7833: 7763: 7683: 7608: 7593: 7520: 7510: 7490: 7066: 7008: 6708: 6580: 6575: 6517: 6493: 6488: 6463: 6206: 6196: 6141: 6131: 6020: 5974: 5933: 5866: 5856: 5801: 5791: 5525: 5515: 5212: 5138: 5134: 5103: 5002: 4992: 4932: 4772: 4762: 4707: 4697: 4643: 4314: 2463: 2159: 1945: 1830: 1812: 1147:), Tālibid Fights, a collection of more than 200 biographies of the descendants of 890: 737: 262: 5208:

The Origin of the Shīʿa: Identity, Ritual, and Sacred Space in Eighth-Century Kūfa

4635: 4227: 2176: 1213:) 'The Book of the Poet-slaves', a collection of accounts of poetic slaves of the 582:, the Qurʾānic recitations and exegeses, or jurisprudence) and judges; poets; and 8687: 8552: 8295: 7758: 7748: 7688: 7618: 7575: 7530: 7525: 7455: 7450: 7402: 6998: 6958: 6848: 6615: 6448: 6413: 5288:

b. al-Ḥusayn al-Ḥādī ilā al-Ḥaqq, Yaḥyā (2001). al-Shādhilī, ʿAbdallāh M. (ed.).

5216: 5124: 2371: 2193: 1501:, either settled in Baghdad with him or at least active for some time there; see: 1074: 1049: 1029:

Kitab ma nazala min al-Qur'an fi amir al-mu'minīn wa-ahl baytih 'alayhim al-salam

460: 390: 279: 270: 265:) was a writer, historian, genealogist, poet, musicologist and scribe. He was of 246: 198: 5937: 3255:, p. 42 (ʿĀṣim b. Muḥammad al-Shāʿir); 49 (al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad al-Shāʿir). 436:. al-Isfahani's grandfather), was associated with Abbasid officials, the vizier 8581: 8350: 8167: 8138: 7888: 7868: 7793: 7753: 7743: 7733: 7713: 7598: 7475: 7369: 7359: 7276: 7096: 7023: 6843: 6833: 6713: 6560: 5206: 4147: 2148:"Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Iṣfahānī, the Author of the Kitāb al-Aghānī" 1876: 1868: 1798:"Abū al-Faraj ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-Iṣfahānī, the Author of the Kitāb al-Aghānī" 1782: 1112:

and provides a complete overview of the Arab civilization from the pre-Islamic

929: 386: 359: 317: 128: 5375:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (2000). al-Baqāʿī, Yūsuf; al-Shaykh, Gharīd (eds.).

444:

notables, including al-Husayn b. al-Husayn b. Zayd, who was the leader of the

8596: 8285: 7873: 7863: 7773: 7723: 7673: 7643: 7550: 7545: 7535: 7397: 7309: 7266: 7136: 7106: 7061: 7033: 6898: 6863: 6798: 6383: 6347: 6226: 6218: 6161: 6153: 6061: 6032: 5945: 5886: 5878: 5821: 5813: 5660: 5545: 5537: 5410: 5393: 5332: 5315: 5271: 5154: 5146: 5115: 5022: 5014: 4954: 4917: 4792: 4784: 4727: 4719: 4688: 4680: 4663: 4655: 2225: 2220: 2198:. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 300. 1895: 1872: 1856: 1826: 425: 350:

His later life was spent in various parts of the Islamic world, including in

54: 8054: 7156: 6095: 6078: 5768: 5735: 5706: 5606: 5506: 5455: 5427: 5358: 5245: 5107: 5078: 4983: 4827: 3783: 3711: 2164: 1817: 1126:

The first printed edition, published in 1868, contained 20 volumes. In 1888

7853: 7828: 7813: 7783: 7778: 7678: 7668: 7570: 7560: 7540: 7485: 7334: 7196: 7101: 7028: 6908: 6808: 6763: 6703: 6433: 6363: 5614: 5297:

Ibn al-ʿImād (1986). al-Arnāʾūṭ, ʿAbd al-Qādir; al-Arnāʾūṭ, Maḥmūd (eds.).

5127:. In Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). 1423:, and the works of his family; many of his narrations are preserved in the 814: 778: 284: 74: 6918: 5087: 4936: 4926: 4907: 1834: 7893: 7838: 7798: 7728: 7603: 7555: 7392: 7382: 7354: 7324: 7236: 7131: 6913: 6903: 6873: 6768: 6540: 6498: 6453: 6423: 6393: 6378: 6024: 5748: 5717:

Music Performance Practice in the Early Abbasid era 132–320 AH/750–932 AD

5715: 5696: 5486: 5057: 1178: 1062: 445: 8420: 6823: 8255: 8205: 8094: 7788: 7708: 7565: 7480: 7344: 7319: 7281: 7271: 7226: 7151: 7141: 7126: 7121: 7091: 7043: 6978: 6948: 6773: 6683: 6458: 6312: 5688:

Und der Kalif beschenkte ihn reichlich: Auszüge aus dem Buch der Lieder

5668:

al-Rassī, al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm (2001). Jadabān, ʿAbd al-Karīm A. (ed.).

5235: 3996: 1564:

For the few references by al-Isfahani to his administrative tasks, see:

1174: 344: 258: 5978: 2697: 2238:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 79. 1957: 1177:

meeting that took place after the assassination of the Umayyad Caliph

828:

Four works survive in manuscripts and have been edited and published:

483:

the Banū Ḥamdūn, the Ṭāhirids, the Banū al-Marzubān and the Ṭālibids.

8495: 7314: 7216: 7191: 7111: 6943: 6813: 6743: 6595: 6590: 5445: 1113: 1097: 1058: 770: 508: 402: 367: 340: 6268: 5189: 4963: 4906:

al-Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad (2004). ʿAbd al-Mannān, Ḥassān (ed.).

4400: 3231:, vol. 15, p. 255; vol. 19, p. 38; vol. 20, p. 163; vol. 21, p. 158. 2254: 8530: 8515: 8505: 8485: 8460: 8355: 8153: 7658: 7251: 7211: 7116: 6818: 6086:

al-Tanūkhī, Abū ʿAlī al-Muḥassin (1995). al-Shālijī, ʿAbbūd (ed.).

6069:

al-Tanūkhī, Abū ʿAlī al-Muḥassin (1978). al-Shālijī, ʿAbbūd (ed.).

5747:". In Danielson, Virginia; Marcus, Scott; Reynolds, Dwight (eds.). 5588:

al-Munajjid, Salāḥ al-Dīn (1972). al-Munajjid, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (ed.).

5306:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1972). al-Munajjid, Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn (ed.).

5262:

Ibn Hazm, ʿAlī b. Aḥmad (1962). Hārūn, ʿAbd al-Salām M. ʿA. (ed.).

1949: 1293: 1152: 1089: 1004:

The reports about music, musicians and singers: the aforementioned

456: 394: 371: 355: 6438: 5292:(in Arabic). Ṣaʿda: Muʾassasat al-Imām Zayd b. ʿAlī al-Thaqāfiyya. 3735: 2745: 774: 8175: 7186: 7048: 6738: 5422:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Cairo: Maktabat al-Anjalū al-Miṣriyya. 3723: 2532: 1182: 1164: 1160: 1101: 1093: 613:(narrations with chains of transmission, including the Prophetic 421: 406: 333: 325: 274: 175: 160: 6046:(The Book of Songs): An Analysis of the Biography of Ibn Surayǧ" 5590:

Muqaddima of Kitāb adab al-ghurabāʾ, by Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī

5581:

Der Imam al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm und die Glaubenslehre der Zaiditen

4336: 4334: 4332: 2685: 2171: 512: 8500: 8455: 8300: 8210: 8180: 8147: 8124: 7623: 6473: 5644: 4427: 4072: 3822: 3285: 3087: 1763:

seem to have been only available in the Iberian Peninsula; see:

1406: 1190: 1131: 1054: 573: 546: 374: 351: 336: 8618:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature (J2W)

5670:

Majmūʿ kutub wa-rasāʾil li-l-Imām al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-Rassī

5435:

Ibn Khallikān, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad (1972). ʿAbbās, Iḥsān (ed.).

4451: 3888: 3795: 3759: 3747: 3639: 2979: 2967: 2955: 2916: 2877: 2721: 1156: 752:. Furthermore, al-Isfahani embarked on the compilation of the 532:

grammarians; singers and musicians; booksellers and copyists (

8391: 8271: 5384:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū Nuʿaym (1990). Ḥasan, Sayyid Kasrawī (ed.).

5281:

Writing and Representation in Medieval Islam: Muslim Horizons

4329: 4060: 3900: 3699: 3612: 3378: 2175:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

2127: 2103: 2091: 1198: 1186: 1118: 1105: 1085: 1066: 709: 701: 563: 525: 500: 496: 467: 6103:

al-Tawḥīdī, Abū Ḥayyān (1992). al-Ṭanjī, Muḥammad T. (ed.).

5677:

al-Qifṭī, ʿAlī b. Yūsuf (1986). Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad A. (ed.).

5353:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. 4478: 4439: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4198: 4084: 4036: 3939: 3600: 3450: 3065: 3063: 2673: 2505: 2314: 2079: 1630:

For the discussion of colic and its treatment by enema; see:

1497:

al-Isfahani's uncle, al-Hasan b. Muhammad, mentioned in the

805:(“The Abridgement of the Book of Songs”). A fragment of the 5366:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1991). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

5340:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1989). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

5323:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1984). al-ʿAṭiyya, Jalīl (ed.).

4761:

Bosworth, Clifford E.; Marín, Manuela; Smith, G.R. (2012).

4388: 4346: 3297: 3075: 2991: 2838: 2799: 1780:

This article was adapted from the following source under a

1167: 985:

The reports about specified or unspecified topics, such as

915: 663:. Nevertheless, al-Isfahani's association with the vizier, 329: 321: 266: 5444:

al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (2001). Maʿrūf, Bashshār ʿA. (ed.).

4162: 1987:, vol. 13, p. 338; vol. 2, p. 213 (On Ibn Abī al-Fawāris). 1725: 8608:

Knowledge articles published in WikiJournal of Humanities

5310:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jadīd. 4575: 4505: 4302: 4210: 3651: 3560: 3060: 3048: 2709: 2556: 2242: 785:

without impugning the dignity of the caliphs before him.

782: 324:) but spent his youth and undertook his early studies in 8603:

Knowledge articles published in peer-reviewed literature

4539: 3849: 3771: 3675: 2904: 2580: 2568: 2326: 2302: 2115: 2050: 690: 7915: 5379:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī. 5257:(in Arabic). Beirut: Maktabat al-Muṭbūʿāt al-Islāmiyya. 4468: 4466: 4024: 3876: 3663: 3111: 2865: 2544: 2278: 1741:

to Sayf al-Dawla came from a misreading of the text in

943:

is divided into three parts: first, The Hundred Songs (

720:

remarkable ability to relate widely different types of

186:

Ali ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥaytham

16:

Arab historian, writer, poet and musicologist (897–967)

5720:. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 4563: 4551: 4120: 4108: 4048: 3912: 3309: 3099: 2661: 2649: 2619: 2607: 2478: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2069: 2067: 2065: 5349:

al-Iṣfahānī, Abū al-Faraj (1991). Ṣaqr, Aḥmad (ed.).

3123: 4463: 4186: 4096: 2733: 2177:

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported

1411:, and philology. Muhammad b. al-Abbas al-Yazīdī (d. 343:, and was thus connected with the Umayyad rulers in 5420:Ṣāḥib al-Aghānī: Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī al-Rāwiya 4625:Ibn al‑Athīr (1987). al-Daqqāq, Muḥammad Y. (ed.). 2290: 2266: 2062: 914:first under the command of a patron, whom he calls 8643:10th-century historians from the Abbasid Caliphate 4760: 4174: 3366: 2937:, p. 140–141; 141–144; 150; 161–162; 190–191. 2883: 629:), and the accomplishments required of courtiers ( 5266:(in Arabic) (5 ed.). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 5234:al-Ḥamawī, Yāqūt (1922). Rifāʿī, Aḥmad F. (ed.). 3687: 2826: 2787: 2195:Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Volume 3 1963: 1726:section on Personalities, preferences and beliefs 989:("The Book of Tavern-Keepers, Male and Female"), 949:aghani al-khulafa wa-awladihim wa-awlad awladihim 332:). He was a direct descendant of the last of the 80:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate 8594: 5998:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5327:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār al-Niḍāl. 4912:(in Arabic). Beirut: Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyya. 4638:. In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). 3156:, p. 42 (Dhukāʾ Wajh al-Ruzza); 34 (Jaḥẓa). 1039:, they reveal al-Isfahani's Shi'i partisanship. 1033:Kitab fihi kalam Fatima alayha al-salam fi Fadak 1027:There are two works, only mentioned by al-Tusi: 5672:(in Arabic). Sana’a: Dār al-Ḥikma al-Yamāniyya. 524:was invariably cited for the reports about the 6264:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyīn. 6125:(in Arabic). Qom: Manshūrāt al-Sharīf al-Raḍī. 6116:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4901:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4629:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4611:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya. 4602:(in Arabic). Cairo: Sharikat Nawābigh al-Fikr. 1519:Compare, for instance, his teacher, al-Ṭabarī. 1020:("The Etiquettes of Listening to Music"), and 385:The epithet, al-Isfahani, refers to the city, 8084: 8070: 6284: 6112:al-Thaʿālibī (1983). Qamīḥa, Mufīd M. (ed.). 6090:(in Arabic) (2 ed.). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5965:The Shīʿī Past in Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī's 5698:Dirāsat Kitāb al-Aghānī wa-minhaj muʾallifihi 5450:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī. 5388:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Islāmī. 4990: 4961: 4931:. Translated by O’Kane, John. Leiden: Brill. 3828: 3456: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3177: 3165: 3153: 3141: 3093: 2997: 2985: 2973: 2961: 2922: 2844: 2805: 2751: 2727: 2715: 2703: 2691: 1012:("The Reports concerning Jahza al-Barmaki"), 748:(779–839), and adopted by al-Isfahani in his 8658:Encyclopedists of the medieval Islamic world 5690:(in German). Tübingen: Horst Erdmann Verlag. 5642: 5443: 5296: 5063:(in German). Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. 4496: 4002: 3645: 3551: 3426: 2946: 2362: 1981: 1737:The misconception that al-Isfahani gave his 1208: 1142: 1079: 854:excursions to the monasteries for drinking. 6194: 5597:Ibn al-Nadīm (1988). Tajaddud, Riḍā (ed.). 5592:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jadīd. 5587: 5417: 4842: 4545: 4433: 4406: 3906: 3291: 2871: 2679: 2562: 2511: 2320: 2085: 1047:Al-Isfahani is best known as the author of 978:("The Genealogy of the Banu Shayban"), and 625:), lexicography, grammar, legendary tales ( 8678:People from the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo 8077: 8063: 6291: 6277: 6259: 6088:Nishwār al-muḥāḍara wa-akhbār al-mudhākara 5981:. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16 5919: 5781:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5681:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī. 5484: 5471: 5462: 4866: 4511: 4484: 4457: 4445: 4308: 4221: 4204: 4168: 4042: 3945: 3894: 3789: 3765: 3753: 3741: 3717: 3705: 3606: 3566: 3180:, p. 32 (Abū al-Qāsim al-Shīrbābakī). 3069: 2910: 2574: 2260: 2248: 2133: 2109: 2097: 1882:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 1850: 1586:Among the frequently cited sources in the 430:min kibār al-kuttāb fī ayyām al-Mutawakkil 127: 8115: 5299:Shadharāt al-dhahab fī akhbār man dhahaba 5211:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4670: 4633: 4615: 4340: 3657: 3618: 3384: 3303: 3054: 2586: 2332: 2308: 2163: 2056: 1944:(1), Asian Music, Vol. 17, No. 1: 68–82, 1816: 970:("The Genealogy of the Banu Abd Shams"), 840:("The Etiquettes of the Strangers"), and 412:Based on al-Isfahani's references in the 397:(994–1064), some descendants of the last 26:For other people named Abu al-Faraj, see 5789: 5578: 5437:Wafayāt al-aʿyān wa-anbāʾ abnāʾ al-zamān 5240:(in Arabic). Cairo: Maṭbūʿāt al-Maʾmūn. 5194:Journal of the American Oriental Society 4862:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 4695: 4090: 3129: 2739: 2224: 2188: 1024:("The Treatise on the Rules of Tones"). 19:For other people named Al-Isfahani, see 6121:al-Ṭūsī (1991). Ṣādiq, Muḥammad (ed.). 6120: 6102: 5750:The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music 5583:(in German). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 5278: 5122: 5085: 5055: 4924: 4867:Crone, Patricia; Moreh, Shmuel (2000). 4569: 4557: 4394: 4352: 4030: 3396: 3081: 2934: 2538: 2121: 2073: 1913:. Encyclopaedia Iranica. Archived from 1451: 1449: 1435: 1433: 1391: 1389: 1233:List of Iranian scientists and scholars 797:("The Singing Girls Enslaved by Men"), 477: 8595: 6114:Yatīmat al-dahr fī maḥāsin ahl al-ʿaṣr 5701:(in Arabic). Baghdad: ʿĀlam al-Kutub. 5694: 5685: 5204: 5187: 4874:. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers. 4066: 4054: 3777: 3729: 3681: 2296: 2272: 813:ʾ, which quotes a poem by the caliph, 516:ʿUqda (d. 944), mentioned in both the 503:. If we accept the attribution of the 8058: 7914: 7423: 6515: 6345: 6310: 6298: 6272: 6129: 5854: 5613: 5513: 5480:(in French). Aix-en-Provence: Édisud. 5400: 5233: 4879:Abū Deeb, K. "Abū'l-Faraj Eṣfahānī". 4857: 4825: 4581: 4418: 4078: 3801: 3669: 3630: 3578: 3533: 3503: 3441: 3372: 3357: 3276: 3117: 2832: 2793: 2598: 2550: 2207: 2205: 2026: 691:Personality, preferences, and beliefs 316:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani was born in 8698:Musicians from the Abbasid Caliphate 8633:10th-century Arabic-language writers 8389: 8269: 5969:: A Literary and Historical Analysis 5742: 5713: 5601:(in Arabic). Tehran: Dār al-Masīra. 5405:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 5370:(in Arabic). London: Riad El-Rayyes. 5344:(in Arabic). London: Riad El-Rayyes. 5301:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ibn Kathīr. 4878: 4606: 4597: 4472: 3855: 3693: 3315: 3015:, vol. 13, p. 25; vol. 14, p. 46–50. 2284: 1969: 1935: 1890:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 118. 1482: 1468: 1458: 1446: 1430: 1399: 1386: 1377: 1228:List of Arab scientists and scholars 997:("The Reports and Rare Tales"), and 880:maḥmūd al-ṭarīqa wa-sadīd al-madhhab 432:)". Another son, Muhammad b. Ahmad ( 277:. He is best known as the author of 32: 8723:Poets of the medieval Islamic world 7917:National literatures of Arab states 6039: 6006: 5973:(Thesis). University of Edinburgh. 5287: 5252: 4620:(in Arabic). Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif. 4153: 3987: 3882: 2667: 2655: 2625: 2613: 2484: 2457: 2445: 2433: 1209: 1143: 1080: 974:("The Compendium of Genealogies"), 499:; and Yahya b. Aḥmad b. al-Jawn in 250: 13: 8708:Historians under the Buyid dynasty 8653:10th-century Arabic-language poets 5960: 5679:Inbāh al-ruwāt ʿalā anbāh al-nuḥāt 4968:(in German). Harrassowitz Verlag. 4860:Medieval Islamic Political Thought 4192: 4180: 4126: 4114: 4102: 3918: 3105: 2202: 2145: 1908: 1279:include: On the opposite side are: 993:("Reports about Party Crashers"), 811:Uyun al-anba' fi tabaqat al-atibba 70:for transliterated languages, and 50:of its non-English content, using 14: 8734: 8613:Externally peer reviewed articles 6260:al-Ziriklī, Khayr al-Dīn (2002). 5667: 5418:Khalafallāh, Muḥammad A. (1962). 4899:Mīzān al-iʿtidāl fī naqd al-rijāl 4843:al-Isfahani, Abu’l Faraj (1888), 4138: 987:Kitab al-Khammarin wa-l-khammarat 945:al-mi'a al-ṣawt al-mukhtara 8673:Poets from the Abbasid Caliphate 6211:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5367 6146:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3187 6073:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5871:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_0202 5806:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_com_1365 5530:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7177 5472:Kilpatrick, Hilary (1978). "The 5322: 5007:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5501 4965:Die Quellen des "Kitāb al-Aġānī" 4777:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1152 4712:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1133 4616:al-Aṣmaʿī, Muḥammad ʿA. (1951). 4525:Chambers Biographical Dictionary 4517: 3792:, p. 46–47, 68–69, 114–115. 3720:, p. 40–46, 60–63, 115–119. 3587: 3488: 2884:Bosworth, Marín & Smith 2012 2212: 2170: 1774: 1753: 1731: 1718: 1709: 1697: 1683: 1674: 1661: 1652: 1642: 1633: 1624: 1614: 1605: 1593: 1580: 1567: 1558: 1545: 1536: 1522: 1513: 1504: 1057:, an anthology of verses on the 809:is found in Ibn Abi Uṣaybi'a's ʿ 507:to al-Isfahani, he once visited 409:sometime between 835–6 and 847. 37: 6346: 6329:Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions 6107:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5649:Acta medico-historica Adriatica 5596: 5439:(in Arabic). Beirut: Dār Ṣādir. 5365: 5305: 4991:Fleischhammer, Manfred (2012). 4962:Fleischhammer, Manfred (2004). 4648:10.1163/1875-9831_isla_COM_0059 4293: 4278: 4263: 4248: 3584:, vol. 13, p. 101–102, 107–108. 2817: 2778: 2523: 2344: 2182: 2139: 2041: 2011: 1491: 1368: 1359: 1349: 1340: 1327: 1317: 1308: 1299: 1282: 1265: 578:); religious scholars (of the 6429:Harith ibn Hilliza Al-Yashkuri 5467:. Oxford: Gibb Memorial Trust. 5374: 5139:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_0105 4696:Bosworth, Clifford E. (2012). 4591: 3930: 3867: 3840: 3813: 3225: 3039: 3024: 3009: 2895: 2856: 2763: 2640: 2496: 1929: 1902: 1844: 1669:section on al-Iṣfahānī’s works 1542:See also the footnotes above: 1256: 1244: 121:أَبُو الْفَرَج الْأصْفَهَانِيّ 86:multilingual support templates 1: 8718:Iranian Arabic-language poets 6626:Zufar ibn al-Harith al-Kilabi 6516: 6205:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 6195:Zetterstéen, Karl V. (2012). 6140:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 6068: 6042:"al-Iṣfahānī's Fandom in the 5865:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5800:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5743:Sawa, George D. (2002). "The 5524:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5476:of Abū l-Farağ al-Iṣbahānī". 5339: 5261: 5133:(3 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 5092:Literature in Medieval Islam" 5001:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4771:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4706:(2 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4675:(1 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4642:(1 ed.). Leiden: Brill. 4624: 4233: 4014: 3327: 2418: 1769: 1621:became too shabby to put on. 1149:Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib 641:), some notions of medicine ( 306:fi ayyam al-shabiba wa-l-siba 243:Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Iṣfahānī 28:Abu al-Faraj (disambiguation) 8466:Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam 6111: 6085: 5922:"Die Literatur der Zaiditen" 5434: 5348: 5217:10.1017/cbo9780511862618.002 5096:Journal of Arabic Literature 4853:, Toronto: Lidin Matba' Bril 4634:Azarnoosh, Azartash (1992). 4379: 4364: 4320: 3518: 3468: 3411: 3342: 2469: 1173:and the main source for the 936:is the vizier al-Muhallabī. 311: 21:Al-Isfahani (disambiguation) 7: 7087:Hamda bint Ziyad al-Muaddib 6130:Vadet, Jean-Claude (2012). 5938:10.1515/islm.1910.1.3-4.354 5920:Strothmann, Rudolf (1990). 5485:Kilpatrick, Hilary (2003). 5383: 5123:Günther, Sebastian (2007). 5086:Günther, Sebastian (1994). 5056:Günther, Sebastian (1991). 1996: 1853:"Abu 'l-Faradj al-Isbahani" 1600: 1552: 1440: 1221: 1195:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya 1069:, and a genealogical work. 836:("The Book of the Songs"), 738:Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Mawsili 273:origin and mainly based in 172:967 (aged 69–70) 10: 8739: 8251:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 7424: 6621:Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni 6013:Journal of Islamic Studies 5676: 5579:Madelung, Wilferd (1965). 5125:"Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī" 4905: 4896: 4081:, p. 100, footnote 4. 3972: 3957: 3597:, p. 161 (quotation), 167. 2400: 2382: 1704: 1668: 1251: 362:(to whom he dedicated the 25: 18: 8713:10th-century Shia Muslims 8569: 8544: 8478: 8448: 8313: 8198: 8166: 8137: 8108: 8100:Persian traditional music 8090: 8085:Medieval Perso-Arab music 7923: 7910: 7629:Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar 7584: 7436: 7432: 7419: 7368: 7295: 7042: 6654: 6528: 6524: 6511: 6354: 6341: 6319: 6306: 5790:Sellheim, Rudolf (2012). 3732:, p. 38–55, 101–118. 2152:WikiJournal of Humanities 1805:WikiJournal of Humanities 1510:About Ibn ʿUqd, see also: 1022:Risala fi 'ilal al-nagham 832:("The Ṭālibid Martyrs"), 801:("The Monasteries"), and 788: 665:Abū Muḥammad al-Muhallabī 451:In various places in the 380: 236: 228: 220: 213: 205: 190: 182: 168: 146: 126: 119: 112: 8638:10th-century biographers 8560:Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir 8511:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani 7019:Ibn al-Qatta' al-Siqilli 6071:al-Faraj baʿda al-shidda 5714:Sawa, George D. (1989). 5403:Abū al-Faraj al-Aṣbahānī 4858:Crone, Patricia (2005). 4826:Brown, Jonathan (2008). 4609:Abū al-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī 2706:, p. 38, 40, 68–69. 1238: 1042: 966:The genealogical works: 930:Sayf al-Dawla al-Ḥamdānī 290: 120: 114:Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani 7388:Abdul Qadir al-Baghdadi 6839:Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani 6694:Abu'l-Qasimbal-Maghribi 6479:Uthman ibn al-Huwayrith 6374:Al-Fāriʿah bint Shaddād 6311: 5857:"Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī" 5686:Rotter, Gernot (1977). 5447:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 5264:Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab 5108:10.1163/157006494x00103 4925:van Ess, Josef (2017). 4499:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 4497:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 4409:, p. 101, 105–110. 4284:, p. 25–26, 29–31. 3804:, p. 19–20, 25–26. 3554:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 3552:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 3429:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 3427:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2949:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 2947:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2421:Jamharat ansāb al-ʿarab 2365:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 2363:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 2235:Encyclopædia Britannica 1984:Tārīkh Madīnat al-Salām 1982:al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī, 1499:Tarikh Madinat al-Salam 1205:Kitāb al-Imā'āš-šawā'ir 1010:Akhbzr Jahza al-Barmaki 1008:("The Noble Eunuchs"), 928:is often assumed to be 637:), veterinary science ( 568:); imams or preachers ( 8526:Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi 6894:Abu Muhammad al-Anbari 6884:Safiyya al-Baghdadiyya 6399:Al-Nu'man ibn Humaydah 6202:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6137:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5862:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5797:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5695:Sallūm, Dāwūd (1969). 5630:Cite journal requires 5521:Encyclopaedia of Islam 5514:Leder, Stefan (2012). 5474:Kitāb adab al-ghurabāʾ 5401:Jabrī, Shafīq (1965). 5205:Haider, Najam (2011). 5188:Haider, Najam (2008). 5130:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4998:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4909:Siyar aʿlām al-nubalāʾ 4768:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4703:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4673:Encyclopaedia Islamica 4640:Encyclopaedia Islamica 3936:, vol. 10, p. 228–229. 3744:, p. 46–47,66–69. 3636:, vol. 13, p. 104–105. 3539:, vol. 13, p. 101–103. 3363:, vol. 13, p. 110–111. 3282:, vol. 13, p. 129–130. 2134:Crone & Moreh 2000 1911:"ABU'L-FARAJ EṢFAHĀNĪ" 995:al-Akhbar wa-l-nawadir 657: 645:), astrology, drinks ( 320:, Persia (present-day 8521:Safi al-Din al-Urmawi 7634:Abdur Rahman Kashgari 7466:Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi 7167:Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad 6984:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani 6546:Abd al-Hamid al-Katib 6536:Al-Akhtal al-Taghlibi 6359:Abu Layla al-Muhalhel 5491:. London: Routledge. 4937:10.1163/9789004323384 4882:Encyclopaedia Iranica 4845:Brünnow, Rudolf-Ernst 4627:al‑Kāmil fī al-tārīkh 4607:ʿĀṣī, Ḥusayn (1993). 4385:, p. 24–25, 565. 4144:, vol. 2, p. 169–193. 3474:, vol. 3, p. 127–131. 2604:, vol. 4, p. 147–149. 2165:10.15347/wjh/2020.001 1818:10.15347/WJH/2020.001 1715:For an example, see: 1016:("The Slave Poets"), 1014:al-Mamalik al-shu'ara 611:al-aḥādīth al-musnada 603: 505:Kitab Adab al-ghuraba 302:Kitab Adab al-ghuraba 297:al-Khatib al-Baghdadi 8668:Writers from Isfahan 8436:Sarirah al-Ra’iqiyya 8346:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi 8336:Ulayya bint al-Mahdi 7809:Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi 7769:Mohamed Said Raihani 7654:Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal 7501:Suleyman al-Boustani 7330:'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya 6879:Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur 6804:Marwan ibn Abi Hafsa 6784:Abu Mansur al-Azhari 6679:Abu Firas al-Hamdani 6641:Qatari ibn al-Fuja'a 6631:Dhu Jadan al-Himyari 6611:Qutayla ukht al-Nadr 6484:Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma 6389:Al-Khirniq bint Badr 5855:Stern, S.M. (2012). 5351:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 5283:. London: Routledge. 4598:Amīn, Aḥmad (2009). 4424:, vol. 13, p. 97–98. 2754:, p. 32, 64–65. 2190:De Slane, Mac Guckin 2032:, vol. 13, p. 95–97. 1139:Maqātil aṭ-Ṭālibīyīn 1128:Rudolf Ernst Brünnow 1037:Maqatil al-Talibiyin 991:Akhbar al-tufayliyin 968:Nasab Bani Abd Shams 876:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 867:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 830:Maqātil al-Ṭālibīyīn 746:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi 649:), and other things. 550:); friends; tutors ( 478:Education and career 48:specify the language 46:This article should 7884:Jabra Ibrahim Jabra 7739:Ihsan Abdel Quddous 7471:Ahmad Faris Shidyaq 6854:Abu Nasr al-Jawhari 6729:Baha' al-din Zuhair 6601:Layla al-Akhyaliyya 6469:Samaw'al ibn 'Adiya 6419:Antarah ibn Shaddad 6409:'Amir ibn al-Tufayl 6197:"Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir" 6040:Su, I-Wen (2018b). 6007:Su, I-Wen (2018a). 5325:al-Imāʿ al-shawāʿir 4584:, pp. 258–262. 3846:, vol. 1, p. 15–16. 3491:al-Imāʿ al-shawāʿir 1917:on 16 November 2011 1851:M. Nallino (1960). 1271:The attribution of 1210:كتاب الإماء الشواعر 1151:, from the time of 859:al-Imāʾ al-shawāʿir 669:al-Imāʾ al-shawāʿir 643:nutafan min al-ṭibb 251:أبو الفرج الأصفهاني 163:, Abbasid Caliphate 8703:Buyid-period poets 8577:Islamic Golden Age 8536:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 8431:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 8416:Inan bint Abdallah 8331:Ibrahim al-Mawsili 7694:Abdul Rahman Munif 7664:Fayeq Abdul-Jaleel 7639:Muhammad al-Maghut 7614:Ahlam Mosteghanemi 7340:Hamdallah Mustawfi 7305:Ahmad ibn Arabshah 6924:Abu Ahmad Monajjem 6759:Al-Hariri of Basra 6754:Al-Fath ibn Khaqan 6699:Arib al-Ma'muniyya 6636:Dorayd bin Al Soma 6566:Maysun bint Bahdal 6404:'Alqama ibn 'Abada 6324:Namara inscription 6105:Akhlāq al‑wazīrayn 6025:10.1093/jis/ety001 5961:Su, I-Wen (2016). 4460:, p. 259–267. 4436:, p. 101–110. 4397:, p. 205–206. 4355:, p. 200–205. 4343:, p. 734–735. 4159:, p. 431–432. 4129:, p. 253–260. 4117:, p. 183–265. 4093:, p. 223–228. 3921:, p. 175–179. 3897:, p. 111–112. 3885:, p. 275–289. 3858:, p. 384–385. 3829:Fleischhammer 2004 3768:, p. 112–113. 3756:, p. 111–119. 3621:, p. 730–731. 3557:, vol. 13, p. 340. 3509:, vol. 13, p. 100. 3457:Fleischhammer 2004 3447:, vol. 13, p. 105. 3432:, vol. 13, p. 339. 3402:, p. 421–422. 3399:Akhlāq al‑wazīrayn 3387:, p. 726–727. 3294:, p. 168–169. 3265:Fleischhammer 2004 3253:Fleischhammer 2004 3241:Fleischhammer 2004 3214:Fleischhammer 2004 3202:Fleischhammer 2004 3190:Fleischhammer 2004 3178:Fleischhammer 2004 3166:Fleischhammer 2004 3154:Fleischhammer 2004 3142:Fleischhammer 2004 3108:, p. 204–209. 3094:Fleischhammer 2004 3084:, p. 127–131. 3030:, vol. 17, p. 157. 2998:Fleischhammer 2004 2986:Fleischhammer 2004 2974:Fleischhammer 2004 2962:Fleischhammer 2004 2923:Fleischhammer 2004 2845:Fleischhammer 2004 2806:Fleischhammer 2004 2752:Fleischhammer 2004 2728:Fleischhammer 2004 2716:Fleischhammer 2012 2704:Fleischhammer 2004 2694:, p. 29, 133. 2692:Fleischhammer 2004 2670:, p. 429–430. 2658:, p. 421–432. 2628:, p. 431–432. 2616:, p. 433–441. 2529:, p. 143–144. 2487:, p. 426–430. 2460:, p. 424–426. 2448:, p. 422–423. 2436:, p. 421–422. 2368:, vol. 13, p. 337. 2287:, p. 248–249. 2146:Su, I-Wen (2020). 2136:, p. 128–143. 2112:, p. 127–135. 2100:, p. 230–242. 1865:Lévi-Provençal, E. 1181:in the village of 1006:Manajib al-khisyan 976:Nasab Bani Shayban 807:Mujarrad al-aghani 803:Mujarrad al-aghani 673:Manājīb al-khiṣyān 633:), like falconry ( 599:Akhlāq al-wazīrayn 528:and their merits. 403:Marwan b. Muhammad 195:Islamic golden age 133:Illustration from 8590: 8589: 8474: 8473: 8444: 8443: 8309: 8308: 8281:Atika bint Shuhda 8194: 8193: 8162: 8161: 8133: 8132: 8052: 8051: 8048: 8047: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7859:Ibrahim Nasrallah 7819:Ibrahim al-Mazini 7719:Saadallah Wannous 7516:Rifa'a al-Tahtawi 7506:Butrus al-Bustani 7461:Ibrahim al-Yaziji 7415: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7287:Ibn Abi al-Khisal 7172:ibn Hani al-Azdi 7014:Usama ibn Munqidh 6989:Sharif al-Murtaza 6974:Al-Sharif al-Radi 6934:Al-Sarī al-Raffā’ 6734:Bashshar ibn Burd 6606:Suraqah al-Bariqi 6556:Hassan ibn Thabit 6507: 6506: 6444:Laila bint Lukaiz 6369:Afira bint 'Abbad 6337: 6336: 6300:Arabic literature 4946:978-90-04-32317-9 4885:(online ed.) 4502:, vol. 13, p.338. 4021:, vol. 7, p. 302. 4005:, vol. 4, p. 292. 4003:Ibn al-ʿImād 1986 3993:, vol. 5, p. 526. 3978:, vol. 5, p. 151. 3963:, vol. 2, p. 253. 3819:, vol. 5, p. 190. 3708:, p. 94–104. 3648:, pp. 29–40. 3646:Nezhad et al 2015 3417:, vol. 3, p. 307. 3333:, vol. 2, p. 334. 3045:, vol. 24, p. 67. 2952:, vol. 8, p. 440. 2901:, vol. 24, p. 37. 2862:, vol. 21, p. 48. 2769:, vol. 9, p. 229. 2646:, vol. 23, p. 21. 2553:, p. 72, 99. 2541:, vol. 1, p. 236. 2406:, vol. 2, p. 251. 2263:, vol. 4, p. 278. 1909:Bagley, F. R. C. 1796:I-Wen Su (2020). 1601:section on Legacy 1441:section on Family 980:Nasab al-Mahaliba 972:Jamharat al-nasab 842:al-Ima al-shawair 253:), also known as 240: 239: 215:Scientific career 108: 107: 88:may also be used. 8730: 8446: 8445: 8426:Faḍl al-Shāʻirah 8387: 8386: 8366:Allawayh al-Asar 8361:Ishaq al-Mawsili 8267: 8266: 8164: 8163: 8135: 8134: 8113: 8112: 8079: 8072: 8065: 8056: 8055: 7912: 7911: 7879:Mourid Barghouti 7834:Nazik Al-Malaika 7764:Abdellatif Laabi 7684:Ghassan Kanafani 7609:Sonallah Ibrahim 7594:Nawal El Saadawi 7521:Abdallah Marrash 7511:Ahmad Zaki Pasha 7491:Qustaki al-Himsi 7434: 7433: 7421: 7420: 7162:Lubna of Córdoba 7067:Maria Alphaizuli 6954:Laylā bint Ṭarīf 6709:Ahmad al-Tifashi 6581:Jarir ibn Atiyah 6576:Suraqa bin Malik 6571:Jamil ibn Ma'mar 6526: 6525: 6513: 6512: 6494:Aktham ibn Saifi 6489:Zuhayr ibn Janab 6343: 6342: 6308: 6307: 6293: 6286: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6256: 6250: 6246: 6244: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6191: 6185: 6181: 6179: 6171: 6169: 6168: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6099: 6082: 6065: 6036: 6003: 5997: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5957: 5932:(3–4): 354–368. 5916: 5910: 5906: 5904: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5851: 5845: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5829: 5828: 5786: 5780: 5772: 5739: 5710: 5691: 5682: 5673: 5664: 5639: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5618: 5610: 5593: 5584: 5575: 5569: 5565: 5563: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5510: 5481: 5468: 5459: 5440: 5431: 5414: 5397: 5380: 5371: 5362: 5345: 5336: 5319: 5308:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 5302: 5293: 5284: 5275: 5258: 5249: 5237:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 5230: 5201: 5184: 5178: 5174: 5172: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5119: 5082: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5040: 5032: 5030: 5029: 4993:"Munad̲j̲d̲j̲im" 4987: 4958: 4921: 4902: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4875: 4863: 4854: 4839: 4832:Al-Usur Al-Wusta 4822: 4816: 4812: 4810: 4802: 4800: 4799: 4757: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4692: 4667: 4630: 4621: 4612: 4603: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4546:al-Isfahani 1888 4543: 4537: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4494: 4488: 4487:, p. 23–24. 4482: 4476: 4470: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4448:, p. 19–20. 4443: 4437: 4434:Khalafallāh 1962 4431: 4425: 4421:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 4416: 4410: 4407:Khalafallāh 1962 4404: 4398: 4392: 4386: 4377: 4371: 4370:, p. 24–25. 4362: 4356: 4350: 4344: 4338: 4327: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4299:, p. 34–36. 4296:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4291: 4285: 4281:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4276: 4270: 4269:, p. 20–21. 4266:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 4261: 4255: 4246: 4240: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4208: 4207:, p. 24–25. 4202: 4196: 4195:, p. 87–89. 4190: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4151: 4145: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4105:, p. 72–90. 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4045:, p. 14–16. 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3985: 3979: 3970: 3964: 3955: 3949: 3948:, p. 83–84. 3943: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3909:, p. 66–84. 3907:Khalafallāh 1962 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3873:, vol. 1, p. 16. 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3838: 3832: 3831:, p. 89–91. 3826: 3820: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3780:, p. 85–89. 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3684:, p. 56–69. 3679: 3673: 3672:, p. 27–29. 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3633:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3609:, p. 17–18. 3604: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3581:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3549: 3540: 3536:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3531: 3525: 3524:, vol. 1, p. 74. 3516: 3510: 3506:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3501: 3495: 3486: 3475: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3444:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3439: 3433: 3424: 3418: 3409: 3403: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3360:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3355: 3349: 3348:, vol. 1, p. 18. 3340: 3334: 3325: 3319: 3318:, p. 24–30. 3313: 3307: 3306:, p. 73–85. 3301: 3295: 3292:Khalafallāh 1962 3289: 3283: 3279:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3120:, p. 55–58. 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3096:, p. 36–37. 3091: 3085: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2988:, p. 41–42. 2983: 2977: 2976:, p. 46–47. 2971: 2965: 2964:, p. 34–35. 2959: 2953: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2925:, p. 58–59. 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2872:Zetterstéen 2012 2869: 2863: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2776: 2770: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2730:, p. 54–56. 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2682:, p. 41–51. 2680:Khalafallāh 1962 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2638: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2601:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2563:Khalafallāh 1962 2560: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2521: 2515: 2514:, p. 52–58. 2512:Khalafallāh 1962 2509: 2503: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2467: 2461: 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2323:, p. 23–25. 2321:Khalafallāh 1962 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2264: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2218: 2216: 2215: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2186: 2180: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2124:, p. 36–39. 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2088:, p. 10–16. 2086:al-Munajjid 1972 2083: 2077: 2071: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2047:, p. 83–86. 2044:Adab al-ghurabāʾ 2039: 2033: 2029:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 2024: 2018: 2009: 2003: 2002:, vol. 2, p. 22. 1994: 1988: 1979: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1960: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1820: 1802: 1792:reviewer reports 1785: 1778: 1764: 1757: 1751: 1743:Muʿjam al-udabāʾ 1735: 1729: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1705:section on Dates 1701: 1695: 1687: 1681: 1678: 1672: 1665: 1659: 1656: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1637: 1631: 1628: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1591: 1584: 1578: 1571: 1565: 1562: 1556: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1502: 1495: 1489: 1486: 1480: 1472: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1444: 1437: 1428: 1403: 1397: 1393: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1333:A report in the 1331: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1286: 1280: 1269: 1263: 1260: 1254: 1252:section on Dates 1248: 1212: 1211: 1146: 1145: 1083: 1082: 846:Adab al-ghurabaʾ 655: 631:ālat al-munādama 416:(hereafter, the 252: 183:Other names 157: 155: 131: 110: 109: 103: 100: 94: 79: 73: 69: 63: 59: 53: 41: 40: 33: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8693:Umayyad dynasty 8648:Arab historians 8593: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8565: 8553:Kitab al-Aghani 8540: 8470: 8449:Andalusian-Arab 8440: 8385: 8305: 8265: 8190: 8158: 8129: 8104: 8086: 8083: 8053: 8044: 7919: 7898: 7759:Mohammed Bennis 7749:Mohamed Choukri 7689:Ghada al-Samman 7619:Mahmoud Darwish 7580: 7576:Tawfiq al-Hakim 7531:Maryana Marrash 7526:Francis Marrash 7456:Nasif al-Yaziji 7451:Maruf al Rusafi 7428: 7407: 7403:Ahmed Ben Triki 7364: 7291: 7046: 7038: 6999:Yaqut al-Hamawi 6869:Ibn al-Muqaffa' 6849:Yunus ibn Habib 6794:ibn al-Mudabbir 6650: 6616:Waddah al-Yaman 6586:Ka'b bin Zuhayr 6551:Fadl Ashsha'ira 6520: 6503: 6449:Mahd al-Aadiyya 6414:Amr ibn Kulthum 6350: 6333: 6315: 6302: 6297: 6248: 6247: 6238: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6183: 6182: 6173: 6172: 6166: 6164: 5991: 5990: 5984: 5982: 5967:Kitāb al-Aghānī 5908: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5891: 5889: 5843: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5774: 5773: 5761: 5745:Kitāb al-aghānī 5728: 5631: 5629: 5620: 5619: 5567: 5566: 5557: 5556: 5550: 5548: 5499: 5377:Kitāb al-Aghānī 5227: 5176: 5175: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5157: 5071: 5044: 5043: 5034: 5033: 5027: 5025: 4976: 4947: 4888: 4886: 4814: 4813: 4804: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4749: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4636:"'Abū al-Faraj" 4594: 4589: 4588: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4522: 4518: 4512:Kilpatrick 2003 4510: 4506: 4495: 4491: 4485:Kilpatrick 2003 4483: 4479: 4471: 4464: 4458:Kilpatrick 2003 4456: 4452: 4446:Kilpatrick 2003 4444: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4417: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4378: 4374: 4363: 4359: 4351: 4347: 4339: 4330: 4319: 4315: 4309:Kilpatrick 2003 4307: 4303: 4292: 4288: 4277: 4273: 4262: 4258: 4247: 4243: 4232: 4228: 4222:Kilpatrick 2003 4220: 4211: 4205:Kilpatrick 2003 4203: 4199: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4169:Strothmann 1990 4167: 4163: 4152: 4148: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4113: 4109: 4101: 4097: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4043:Kilpatrick 2003 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3986: 3982: 3971: 3967: 3956: 3952: 3946:Kilpatrick 2003 3944: 3940: 3933:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3895:Kilpatrick 2003 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3870:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3843:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3816:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3812: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3790:Kilpatrick 2003 3788: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3766:Kilpatrick 2003 3764: 3760: 3754:Kilpatrick 2003 3752: 3748: 3742:Kilpatrick 2003 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3718:Kilpatrick 2003 3716: 3712: 3706:Kilpatrick 2003 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3607:Kilpatrick 2003 3605: 3601: 3592: 3588: 3577: 3573: 3567:Kilpatrick 2003 3565: 3561: 3550: 3543: 3532: 3528: 3517: 3513: 3502: 3498: 3487: 3478: 3467: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3440: 3436: 3425: 3421: 3412:Ibn Khallikān, 3410: 3406: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3356: 3352: 3341: 3337: 3326: 3322: 3314: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3228:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3188: 3184: 3176: 3172: 3164: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3076: 3070:Kilpatrick 2003 3068: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3042:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3038: 3034: 3027:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3023: 3019: 3012:Kitāb al-Aghānī 3008: 3004: 2996: 2992: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2945: 2941: 2933: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2911:Kilpatrick 2003 2909: 2905: 2898:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2894: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2859:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2855: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2831: 2827: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2792: 2788: 2777: 2773: 2766:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2643:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2639: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2597: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2575:Kilpatrick 2003 2573: 2569: 2561: 2557: 2549: 2545: 2537: 2533: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2499:Kitāb al-Aghānī 2495: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2468: 2464: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2417: 2410: 2399: 2392: 2388:, p. 2774. 2381: 2372: 2361: 2354: 2343: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2267: 2261:al-Ziriklī 2002 2259: 2255: 2249:Kilpatrick 2003 2247: 2243: 2228:, ed. (1911). " 2213: 2211: 2210: 2203: 2187: 2183: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2110:Kilpatrick 1978 2108: 2104: 2098:Kilpatrick 2004 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2040: 2036: 2025: 2021: 2010: 2006: 1995: 1991: 1980: 1976: 1968: 1964: 1934: 1930: 1920: 1918: 1907: 1903: 1849: 1845: 1800: 1795: 1781: 1779: 1772: 1767: 1761:Nasab Abd Shams 1758: 1754: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1598: 1594: 1585: 1581: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1559: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1447: 1438: 1431: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1341: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1318: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1287: 1283: 1277:Adab al-ghuraba 1273:Adab al-ghuraba 1270: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1224: 1144:مقاتل الطالبيين 1050:Kitab al-Aghani 1045: 958:Kitab al-Aghani 953:Kitab al-Aghani 908:Kitab al-Aghani 851:Adab al-ghuraba 838:Adab al-ghuraba 834:Kitab al-Aghani 791: 693: 656: 653: 480: 414:Kitab al-Aghani 391:Iranian plateau 383: 314: 293: 280:Kitab al-Aghani 178: 173: 164: 158: 153: 151: 142: 135:Kitab al-aghani 122: 115: 104: 98: 95: 89: 77: 71: 67: 65:transliteration 61: 57: 51: 42: 38: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8736: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8584: 8582:Hind bint Utba 8579: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8563: 8556: 8548: 8546: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8518: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8472: 8471: 8469: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8452: 8450: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8411:Milh Al-Attara 8408: 8403: 8397: 8395: 8384: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8351:Mansour Zalzal 8348: 8343: 8341:Yaḥya al-Makki 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8317: 8315: 8311: 8310: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8291:Djamila/Jamila 8288: 8283: 8277: 8275: 8264: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8231:Hunain al-Hiri 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8189: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8172: 8170: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8156: 8151: 8143: 8141: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8121: 8119: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8081: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7956: 7955: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7891: 7889:Samih al-Qasim 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7869:Omar Abu Risha 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7794:Youssef Rzouga 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7754:Leila Abouzeid 7751: 7746: 7744:Alaa Al Aswany 7741: 7736: 7734:Leila Aboulela 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7714:Colette Khoury 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7649:Abbās al-Aqqād 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7599:Naguib Mahfouz 7596: 7590: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7476:Naoum Mokarzel 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7442: 7440: 7430: 7429: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7374: 7372: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7360:Al-Qalqashandi 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7301: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7277:Ibn al-Kattani 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7097:Ibn Abd Rabbih 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7053: 7051: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7024:Ibn al-Shajari 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6844:Rabia of Basra 6841: 6836: 6834:Aban al-Lahiqi 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6714:Abu al-Atahiya 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6674:Ibn al-Mu'tazz 6671: 6666: 6660: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6561:Ibn Abi Hasina 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6532: 6530: 6522: 6521: 6509: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6304: 6303: 6296: 6295: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6267: 6266: 6257: 6249:|journal= 6192: 6184:|journal= 6127: 6118: 6109: 6100: 6083: 6066: 6056:(2): 275–289. 6050:Jurnal Hadhari 6044:Kitāb al-Aġānī 6037: 6019:(3): 417–448. 6004: 5958: 5917: 5909:|journal= 5852: 5844:|journal= 5787: 5759: 5740: 5726: 5711: 5692: 5683: 5674: 5665: 5640: 5632:|journal= 5611: 5594: 5585: 5576: 5568:|journal= 5511: 5497: 5482: 5469: 5460: 5441: 5432: 5415: 5398: 5386:Akhbār Aṣbahān 5381: 5372: 5363: 5346: 5337: 5320: 5303: 5294: 5285: 5276: 5259: 5255:Lisān al-mīzān 5250: 5231: 5225: 5202: 5185: 5177:|journal= 5120: 5102:(3): 192–212. 5083: 5069: 5053: 5045:|journal= 4988: 4974: 4959: 4945: 4922: 4903: 4894: 4876: 4871:by al-Iṣfahānī 4864: 4855: 4840: 4823: 4815:|journal= 4758: 4750:|journal= 4693: 4668: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4550: 4538: 4516: 4504: 4489: 4477: 4475:, p. 399. 4462: 4450: 4438: 4426: 4411: 4399: 4387: 4372: 4357: 4345: 4341:Bahramian 1992 4328: 4313: 4301: 4286: 4271: 4256: 4241: 4226: 4209: 4197: 4185: 4183:, p. 253. 4173: 4171:, p. 360. 4161: 4156:Majmūʿ Rasāʾil 4146: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4083: 4071: 4059: 4057:, p. 197. 4047: 4035: 4033:, p. 192. 4023: 4015:Ibn Al‑Athīr, 4007: 3995: 3990:Lisān al-mīzān 3980: 3965: 3950: 3938: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3860: 3848: 3833: 3821: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 731. 3658:Azarnoosh 1992 3650: 3638: 3623: 3619:Azarnoosh 1992 3611: 3599: 3586: 3571: 3559: 3541: 3526: 3511: 3496: 3476: 3469:al-Thaʿālibī, 3461: 3449: 3434: 3419: 3404: 3389: 3385:Azarnoosh 1992 3377: 3365: 3350: 3335: 3320: 3308: 3304:al-Aṣmaʿī 1951 3296: 3284: 3269: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3086: 3074: 3059: 3057:, p. 721. 3055:Azarnoosh 1992 3047: 3032: 3017: 3002: 2990: 2978: 2966: 2954: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2849: 2837: 2825: 2823:, p. 161. 2818:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2810: 2798: 2786: 2784:, p. 167. 2779:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2771: 2756: 2744: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2591: 2589:, p. 728. 2587:Azarnoosh 1992 2579: 2567: 2555: 2543: 2531: 2524:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2516: 2504: 2489: 2477: 2475:, p. 547. 2462: 2450: 2438: 2426: 2424:, p. 107. 2408: 2390: 2370: 2352: 2350:, p. 127. 2345:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2337: 2335:, p. 720. 2333:Azarnoosh 1992 2325: 2313: 2311:, p. 719. 2309:Azarnoosh 1992 2301: 2289: 2277: 2265: 2253: 2251:, p. vii. 2241: 2226:Chisholm, Hugh 2201: 2181: 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2078: 2061: 2059:, p. 733. 2057:Azarnoosh 1992 2049: 2034: 2019: 2017:, p. 128. 2012:Ibn al-Nadīm, 2004: 1989: 1974: 1962: 1950:10.2307/833741 1928: 1901: 1861:Kramers, J. H. 1857:Gibb, H. A. R. 1842: 1841: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1765: 1752: 1730: 1717: 1708: 1696: 1692:Kitab al-Ahkam 1682: 1673: 1660: 1651: 1641: 1632: 1623: 1613: 1604: 1592: 1579: 1566: 1557: 1544: 1535: 1521: 1512: 1503: 1490: 1481: 1467: 1457: 1445: 1429: 1398: 1396:Munajjim; see: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1358: 1348: 1339: 1326: 1316: 1307: 1298: 1281: 1264: 1255: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1202: 1124: 1123: 1075:Kitāb al-Aġānī 1044: 1041: 790: 787: 692: 689: 651: 479: 476: 428:(r. 847–861) ( 399:Umayyad caliph 382: 379: 360:Sayf ad-Dawlah 313: 310: 292: 289: 238: 237: 234: 233: 232:Sayf ad-Dawlah 230: 226: 225: 222: 218: 217: 211: 210: 207: 206:Known for 203: 202: 192: 188: 187: 184: 180: 179: 174: 170: 166: 165: 159: 148: 144: 143: 132: 124: 123: 117: 116: 113: 106: 105: 84:. Knowledge's 45: 43: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8735: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8683:Sayf al-Dawla 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8600: 8598: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8550: 8549: 8547: 8543: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8447: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8394: 8393: 8388: 8382: 8381:Ibn al-Tahhan 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8371:Amr ibn Banah 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8312: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8286:Azza al-Mayla 8284: 8282: 8279: 8278: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8262: 8261:Malik al-Ta'i 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8216:Sa'ib Khathir 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8114: 8111: 8107: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8089: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8060: 8057: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7922: 7918: 7913: 7909: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7874:Yusuf al-Khal 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7864:Elia Abu Madi 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:Waciny Laredj 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7724:Zakaria Tamer 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674:Ibrahim Tuqan 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7644:Nizar Qabbani 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7551:Kahlil Gibran 7549: 7547: 7546:Mikhail Naimy 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7536:Hafez Ibrahim 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7398:Ibn al-Wannan 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7310:Ibn Al Ouardy 7308: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7298: 7294: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7267:Ibn al-Yayyab 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137:Ibn al-Khatib 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7107:Ibn al-Zaqqaq 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7062:Al-Rumaikiyya 7060: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004:Al Suhrawardi 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6899:Ibn al-Anbari 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6664:Bint al-Mahdī 6662: 6661: 6659: 6657: 6653: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6531: 6529:Early Islamic 6527: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6464:Imru' al-Qais 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6289: 6287: 6282: 6280: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6263: 6258: 6254: 6242: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6189: 6177: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6119: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6045: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5928:(in German). 5927: 5923: 5918: 5914: 5902: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5849: 5837: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5727:0-88844-092-8 5723: 5719: 5718: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5693: 5689: 5684: 5680: 5675: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5624: 5616: 5615:Nagel, Tilman 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5573: 5561: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5498:9780700717019 5494: 5490: 5489: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5448: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5382: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5232: 5228: 5226:9780511862618 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5203: 5200:(3): 459–475. 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5091: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5070:9783487094298 5066: 5062: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5038: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4975:9783447050791 4971: 4967: 4966: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4910: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4884: 4883: 4877: 4873: 4870: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4808: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4743: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4610: 4605: 4601: 4600:Ẓuhr al-Islām 4596: 4595: 4583: 4578: 4572:, p. 14. 4571: 4566: 4560:, p. 13. 4559: 4554: 4547: 4542: 4535: 4534:0-550-18022-2 4531: 4527: 4526: 4520: 4514:, p. 23. 4513: 4508: 4501: 4500: 4493: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4469: 4467: 4459: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4430: 4423: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4391: 4384: 4383: 4380:al-Iṣfahānī, 4376: 4369: 4368: 4365:al-Iṣfahānī, 4361: 4354: 4349: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4326:, p. 24. 4325: 4324: 4321:al-Iṣfahānī, 4317: 4311:, p. 26. 4310: 4305: 4298: 4297: 4294:al-Iṣfahānī, 4290: 4283: 4282: 4279:al-Iṣfahānī, 4275: 4268: 4267: 4264:al-Iṣfahānī, 4260: 4253: 4252: 4249:al-Iṣfahānī, 4245: 4238: 4237: 4234:al-Iṣfahānī, 4230: 4224:, p. 25. 4223: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4206: 4201: 4194: 4189: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4165: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4123: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4091:Madelung 1965 4087: 4080: 4075: 4069:, p. 459–475. 4068: 4063: 4056: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4020: 4018: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3977: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3934: 3931:al-Iṣfahānī, 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3871: 3868:al-Iṣfahānī, 3864: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3844: 3841:al-Iṣfahānī, 3837: 3830: 3825: 3818: 3817: 3814:al-Iṣfahānī, 3810: 3803: 3798: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3774: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3647: 3642: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3593:al-Washshāʾ, 3590: 3583: 3582: 3575: 3569:, p. 19. 3568: 3563: 3556: 3555: 3548: 3546: 3538: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3507: 3500: 3494:, p. 23. 3493: 3492: 3489:al-Iṣfahānī, 3485: 3483: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3465: 3459:, p. 44. 3458: 3453: 3446: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3361: 3354: 3347: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3312: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3230: 3229: 3226:al-Iṣfahānī, 3222: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3191: 3186: 3179: 3174: 3167: 3162: 3155: 3150: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3130:Bosworth 2012 3126: 3119: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3078: 3072:, p. 18. 3071: 3066: 3064: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3043: 3040:al-Iṣfahānī, 3036: 3029: 3028: 3025:al-Iṣfahānī, 3021: 3014: 3013: 3010:al-Iṣfahānī, 3006: 3000:, p. 58. 2999: 2994: 2987: 2982: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2913:, p. 17. 2912: 2907: 2900: 2899: 2896:al-Iṣfahānī, 2892: 2885: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2861: 2860: 2857:al-Iṣfahānī, 2853: 2847:, p. 69. 2846: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2822: 2821: 2814: 2808:, p. 30. 2807: 2802: 2795: 2790: 2783: 2782: 2775: 2768: 2767: 2764:al-Iṣfahānī, 2760: 2753: 2748: 2741: 2740:Sellheim 2012 2736: 2729: 2724: 2717: 2712: 2705: 2700: 2693: 2688: 2681: 2676: 2669: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2644: 2641:al-Iṣfahānī, 2637: 2635: 2627: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2602: 2595: 2588: 2583: 2577:, p. 15. 2576: 2571: 2565:, p. 58. 2564: 2559: 2552: 2547: 2540: 2535: 2528: 2527: 2520: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2500: 2497:al-Iṣfahānī, 2493: 2486: 2481: 2474: 2473: 2470:al-Iṣfahānī, 2466: 2459: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2413: 2405: 2404: 2397: 2395: 2387: 2386: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2367: 2366: 2359: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2310: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2274: 2269: 2262: 2257: 2250: 2245: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2221:public domain 2208: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2191: 2185: 2178: 2173: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2094: 2087: 2082: 2075: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2045: 2042:al-Iṣfahānī, 2038: 2031: 2030: 2023: 2016: 2015: 2008: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1986: 1985: 1978: 1972:, p. 29. 1971: 1966: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1762: 1759:This and the 1756: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1734: 1727: 1721: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1693: 1686: 1677: 1670: 1664: 1655: 1645: 1636: 1627: 1617: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1570: 1561: 1554: 1548: 1539: 1532: 1525: 1516: 1507: 1500: 1494: 1485: 1478: 1471: 1461: 1452: 1450: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1352: 1343: 1336: 1330: 1320: 1311: 1302: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1243: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1216: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 999:Ayyam al-arab 996: 992: 988: 983: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 961: 959: 954: 950: 946: 942: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918: 913: 909: 904: 902: 897: 892: 888: 883: 881: 877: 873: 868: 863: 860: 855: 852: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 766: 763: 759: 758:raison d’etre 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 734: 731: 727: 723: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 688: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 650: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 602: 600: 596: 592: 587: 585: 581: 577: 576: 571: 567: 566: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548: 543: 539: 535: 529: 527: 523: 519: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 484: 475: 471: 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 438:Ibn al-Zayyāt 435: 431: 427: 426:al-Mutawakkil 423: 419: 415: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 378: 376: 373: 369: 365: 364:Book of Songs 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 335: 331: 328:(present-day 327: 323: 319: 309: 307: 303: 298: 288: 286: 282: 281: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 248: 244: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 216: 212: 209:Book of Songs 208: 204: 200: 196: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 171: 167: 162: 149: 145: 140: 139:Book of Songs 136: 130: 125: 118: 111: 102: 92: 87: 83: 76: 66: 56: 49: 44: 35: 34: 29: 22: 8663:Genealogists 8558: 8551: 8510: 8390: 8270: 8146: 8010:Saudi Arabia 7953:Copto-Arabic 7854:Saadi Yousef 7829:Safa Khulusi 7814:Hasan Tawfiq 7784:Alifa Rifaat 7779:Tahar Djaout 7679:Emile Habibi 7669:Sinan Antoon 7586:Contemporary 7571:Taha Hussein 7561:Jurji Zaydan 7541:Ahmed Shawqi 7486:Ameen Rihani 7335:Ibn al-Wardi 7222:al-Shushtari 7197:Umm Al-Kiram 7102:Ibn al-Abbar 7082:Al-Rukuniyya 7029:Ibn al-Nafis 6959:Al-Tha'alibi 6909:Ibn Qutaybah 6809:Al-Mutanabbi 6789:ibn al-Mahdi 6764:Ibn al-Farid 6748: 6719:ibn al-'Amid 6669:Ibn al-Ahnaf 6434:Hatim al-Tai 6364:Adi ibn Zayd 6261: 6230:. Retrieved 6201: 6165:. Retrieved 6136: 6132:"Ibn Ḥamdūn" 6122: 6113: 6104: 6087: 6070: 6053: 6049: 6043: 6016: 6012: 5983:. Retrieved 5970: 5966: 5963: 5929: 5925: 5890:. Retrieved 5861: 5825:. Retrieved 5796: 5753:. New York. 5749: 5744: 5716: 5697: 5687: 5678: 5669: 5655:(2): 29–40. 5652: 5648: 5623:cite journal 5598: 5589: 5580: 5549:. Retrieved 5520: 5487: 5477: 5473: 5464: 5446: 5436: 5419: 5402: 5385: 5376: 5367: 5350: 5341: 5324: 5307: 5298: 5289: 5280: 5263: 5254: 5236: 5207: 5197: 5193: 5158:. Retrieved 5129: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5058: 5026:. Retrieved 4997: 4964: 4927: 4908: 4898: 4887:. Retrieved 4881: 4872: 4868: 4859: 4849: 4835: 4831: 4796:. Retrieved 4767: 4731:. Retrieved 4702: 4672: 4639: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4577: 4570:Günther 2007 4565: 4558:Günther 2007 4553: 4541: 4523: 4519: 4507: 4498: 4492: 4480: 4453: 4441: 4429: 4420: 4414: 4402: 4395:Günther 1994 4390: 4381: 4375: 4366: 4360: 4353:Günther 1994 4348: 4322: 4316: 4304: 4295: 4289: 4280: 4274: 4265: 4259: 4250: 4244: 4235: 4229: 4200: 4188: 4176: 4164: 4155: 4149: 4141:Majmūʿ kutub 4140: 4134: 4122: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4074: 4062: 4050: 4038: 4031:al-Ṭūsī 1991 4026: 4016: 4010: 3998: 3989: 3983: 3974: 3973:al-Dhahabī, 3968: 3959: 3953: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3869: 3863: 3851: 3842: 3836: 3824: 3815: 3809: 3797: 3785: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3632: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3595:al-Muwashshā 3594: 3589: 3580: 3574: 3562: 3553: 3535: 3529: 3520: 3519:al-Tanūkhī, 3514: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3470: 3464: 3452: 3443: 3437: 3428: 3422: 3413: 3407: 3398: 3397:al-Tawḥīdī, 3392: 3380: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3344: 3343:al-Tanūkhī, 3338: 3329: 3328:al-Tanūkhī, 3323: 3311: 3299: 3287: 3278: 3272: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3227: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3185: 3173: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3125: 3113: 3101: 3089: 3082:Günther 1991 3077: 3050: 3041: 3035: 3026: 3020: 3011: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2969: 2957: 2948: 2942: 2935:Günther 1991 2930: 2918: 2906: 2897: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2840: 2828: 2819: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2780: 2774: 2765: 2759: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2663: 2651: 2642: 2621: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2539:van Ess 2017 2534: 2525: 2519: 2507: 2498: 2492: 2480: 2471: 2465: 2453: 2441: 2429: 2420: 2402: 2384: 2383:al-Dhahabī, 2364: 2346: 2340: 2328: 2316: 2304: 2299:, p. 9. 2292: 2280: 2275:, p. 7. 2268: 2256: 2244: 2233: 2194: 2184: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2129: 2122:Hoyland 2006 2117: 2105: 2093: 2081: 2074:Günther 2007 2052: 2043: 2037: 2028: 2022: 2013: 2007: 1998: 1997:Abū Nuʿaym, 1992: 1983: 1977: 1965: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1919:. Retrieved 1915:the original 1904: 1887: 1880: 1846: 1808: 1804: 1773: 1760: 1755: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1720: 1711: 1699: 1691: 1685: 1676: 1663: 1654: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1616: 1607: 1595: 1587: 1582: 1574: 1569: 1560: 1547: 1538: 1530: 1524: 1515: 1506: 1498: 1493: 1484: 1476: 1470: 1460: 1424: 1420: 1419:, Thaalab's 1416: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1379: 1370: 1361: 1351: 1342: 1334: 1329: 1319: 1310: 1301: 1284: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1258: 1246: 1204: 1138: 1125: 1117: 1081:كتاب الأغاني 1073: 1048: 1046: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1026: 1021: 1018:Adab al-samz 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 984: 979: 975: 971: 967: 965: 962: 957: 952: 948: 944: 940: 938: 933: 925: 921: 916: 911: 907: 905: 900: 895: 886: 884: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 858: 856: 850: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 827: 822: 818: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 792: 779:Zayd ibn Ali 767: 761: 757: 753: 749: 741: 735: 729: 725: 721: 718: 713: 705: 697: 694: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 660: 658: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 604: 598: 594: 590: 588: 583: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 558:); scribes ( 555: 551: 545: 541: 537: 533: 530: 521: 517: 504: 492: 488: 485: 481: 472: 465: 452: 450: 433: 429: 417: 413: 411: 384: 377:Ibn 'Abbad. 363: 349: 315: 305: 301: 294: 285:Arabic music 278: 254: 242: 241: 214: 138: 134: 99:January 2024 96: 82:ISO 639 code 78:}} 72:{{ 68:}} 62:{{ 58:}} 52:{{ 47: 8491:Al-Sarakhsi 7894:Fadwa Tuqan 7839:Ahmed Matar 7824:al-Jawahiri 7804:Amal Donqol 7799:Salah Jahin 7729:Tayeb Salih 7604:Yusuf Idris 7556:Farah Antun 7496:al-Kawakibi 7393:Hanna Diyab 7370:Ottoman era 7355:Ibn Khaldun 7325:Ibn Battuta 7237:Ibn al-Arif 7132:Ibn Khafaja 6914:Dik al-Jinn 6904:Al-Qasabani 6874:Al-Mubarrad 6859:Al-Farahidi 6829:Al-Armanazi 6769:Ibn al-Rumi 6749:Al-Isfahani 6724:Al-Hamadani 6689:Al-Mudabbir 6656:Abbasid era 6646:al-Mufaddal 6541:Al-Farazdaq 6499:Al-Munakhal 6394:Al-Shanfara 6379:Al-Hujayjah 6348:Pre-Islamic 5994:cite thesis 5792:"al-Yazīdī" 4838:(2): 55–58. 4698:"al-Ṭabarī" 4592:Works cited 4419:al-Hamawī, 4067:Haider 2008 4055:Haider 2011 3988:Ibn Ḥajar, 3778:Sallūm 1969 3730:Sallūm 1969 3682:Sallūm 1969 3631:al-Hamawī, 3579:al-Hamawī, 3534:al-Hamawī, 3504:al-Hamawī, 3442:al-Hamawī, 3358:al-Hamawī, 3277:al-Hamawī, 2599:al-Hamawī, 2297:Sallūm 1969 2273:Rotter 1977 2027:al-Hamawī, 1938:Asian Music 1877:Pellat, Ch. 1869:Schacht, J. 1197:as the new 1179:al-Walīd II 1063:Mesopotamia 1059:monasteries 677:magnum opus 627:al-khurāfāt 446:Banu Hashim 199:Abbasid era 8628:967 deaths 8623:897 births 8597:Categories 8479:Theorists‎ 8256:Ibn Muhriz 8241:Ibn Surayj 8221:Ibn Misjaḥ 8117:Achaemenid 8095:Arab music 7985:Mauritania 7789:Ali Douagi 7709:Hanna Mina 7699:Al Gosaibi 7566:May Ziadeh 7481:Ahmad Rida 7446:El Baroudy 7378:Al-Nabulsi 7350:al-Nafzawi 7345:Ibn Nubata 7320:Ibn Manzur 7297:Mamluk era 7282:Ibn Tufayl 7272:Ibn Jubayr 7242:Ibn Wahbun 7227:Abu Madyan 7157:Ibn Zaydún 7152:Ibn Zamrak 7142:Ibn Quzman 7127:Ibn Juzayy 7122:Ibn Bassam 7092:Ibn Hamdis 7057:Abu Ja'far 7044:Al-Andalus 7034:Ibn 'Adlan 6979:Ibn Hayyus 6969:al-Tawhīdī 6964:Al-Daylami 6949:Al-Tughrai 6929:Ibn Bakkar 6864:Al-Shafi'i 6799:Al-Ma'arri 6774:Ibn Duraid 6684:Abu Tammam 6459:Al-Nabigha 6232:2018-07-24 6167:2018-07-24 6123:al-Fihrist 5985:2020-09-26 5979:1842/25958 5892:2018-07-24 5827:2018-07-24 5760:0824060350 5599:al-Fihrist 5551:2018-07-24 5368:al-Diyārāt 5160:2018-07-24 5028:2018-07-24 4889:2019-07-23 4798:2018-07-24 4763:"Ṭāhirids" 4733:2018-07-24 4582:Nagel 1970 4251:al-Diyārāt 4139:al-Qāsim, 4079:Crone 2005 3958:al-Qifṭī, 3802:Jabrī 1965 3670:Jabrī 1965 3373:Stern 2012 3118:Brown 2008 2833:Vadet 2012 2820:al-Fihrist 2794:Leder 2012 2781:al-Fihrist 2551:Crone 2005 2526:al-Fihrist 2419:Ibn Ḥazm, 2401:al-Qifṭī, 2347:al-Fihrist 2014:al-Fihrist 1770:References 1611:See also: 1185:' between 823:al-Diyārāt 799:al-Diyarat 708:) with an 647:al-ashriba 639:al-bayṭara 635:al-jawāriḥ 619:al-maghāzī 552:muʾaddibūn 366:), and in 345:al-Andalus 255:Abul-Faraj 8496:Al-Farabi 8226:al-Gharid 8000:Palestine 7849:al-Sayyab 7844:Al-Bayati 7315:Al-Busiri 7262:al-Fazazi 7247:Ibn Abdun 7217:Ibn Arabi 7207:Yusuf III 7202:Yusuf III 7192:Al-Tutili 7112:Ibn Amira 7077:Buthaina 7072:Ibn Ammar 7009:Al-Hallaj 6944:Niftawayh 6889:Al-Zahiri 6814:Abu Nuwas 6779:al-Zajjaj 6744:Al-Busiri 6704:Al-Asma'i 6596:Kuthayyir 6591:Al-Khansa 6518:Classical 6384:Al-Ḥurqah 6251:ignored ( 6241:cite book 6227:846873166 6219:2214-9945 6186:ignored ( 6176:cite book 6162:846873166 6154:2214-9945 6062:1985-6830 6033:0955-2340 5954:202160694 5946:0021-1818 5926:Der Islam 5911:ignored ( 5901:cite book 5887:846873166 5879:2214-9945 5846:ignored ( 5836:cite book 5822:846873166 5814:2214-9945 5777:cite book 5661:1334-4366 5570:ignored ( 5560:cite book 5546:846873166 5538:2214-9945 5516:"al-Ṣūlī" 5411:976576024 5394:903519445 5333:957353410 5316:976619435 5272:652121877 5179:ignored ( 5169:cite book 5155:145927975 5147:1873-9830 5116:0085-2376 5060:Literatur 5047:ignored ( 5037:cite book 5023:846873166 5015:2214-9945 4955:962853051 4918:962974446 4817:ignored ( 4807:cite book 4793:846873166 4785:2214-9945 4752:ignored ( 4742:cite book 4728:846873166 4720:2214-9945 4689:225873940 4681:1875-9823 4664:225873940 4656:1875-9823 4473:Sawa 2002 3856:Sawa 2002 3316:ʿĀṣī 1993 2285:Amīn 2009 2230:Abulfaraj 1970:Sawa 1989 1896:495469456 1886:Volume I: 1873:Lewis, B. 1835:Q99527624 1827:2639-5347 1786:license ( 1783:CC BY 4.0 1658:See also: 1639:See also: 1533:indicate. 1175:Hashimite 1171:uprisings 1114:Jahiliyya 885:Like the 815:al-Maʾmūn 654:Al-Khaṭīb 389:, on the 370:with the 358:governor 354:with its 341:Marwan II 312:Biography 261:/ 284–356 8531:Ibn Kurr 8516:Avempace 8506:Avicenna 8486:Al-Kindi 8461:Avempace 8421:Shāriyah 8406:Mahbubah 8356:Mukhariq 8326:Ibn Jami 8236:Algharid 8168:Sasanian 8154:Rhoptron 8139:Parthian 7943:Djibouti 7659:Said Akl 7252:Avempace 7232:al-Rundi 7212:Ibn Hazm 7147:Ibn Sahl 7117:Ibn Baqi 6994:Al Uyuni 6824:Shāriyah 6819:Al-Jahiz 6454:Mu'aqqir 6424:Al-A'sha 6262:al-Aʿlām 6096:22693866 6079:12104833 5769:36407898 5736:18637666 5707:20657313 5607:37734135 5507:50810677 5456:15747200 5428:22143620 5359:54095298 5342:al-Qiyān 5246:15154883 5079:27707486 4984:57010704 4536:, page 5 4236:al-Qiyān 4017:al‑Kāmil 3883:Su 2018b 3694:Abū Deeb 3330:al-Faraj 2668:Su 2018a 2656:Su 2018a 2626:Su 2018a 2614:Su 2018a 2485:Su 2018a 2458:Su 2018a 2446:Su 2018a 2434:Su 2018a 2192:(1842). 2179:license. 2158:(1): 1. 1879:(eds.). 1831:Wikidata 1811:(1): 1. 1724:See the 1703:See the 1667:See the 1324:opinion: 1294:Marwan I 1290:Muhammad 1250:See the 1222:See also 1157:Tālibids 1153:Muhammad 1110:Umayyads 1090:Damascus 891:Jumādā I 819:al-Qiyān 795:al-Qiyan 714:al-ḥuqna 685:khallaṭa 652:— 607:al-āthār 584:akhbārīs 572:, sing. 570:khuṭabāʾ 562:, sing. 556:muʾaddib 554:, sing. 540:, sing. 538:warraqun 534:sahhafun 522:Maqātil, 520:and the 491:, sing. 395:Ibn Hazm 372:Buwayhid 356:Hamdanid 8570:Related 8314:Abbasid 8296:Hababah 8199:Umayyad 8176:Bamshad 8109:Origins 8030:Tunisia 8015:Somalia 7990:Morocco 7975:Lebanon 7938:Comoros 7933:Bahrain 7928:Algeria 7704:Echebbi 7257:al-Baji 7187:Qasmuna 7049:Maghreb 6939:Al-Suli 6739:Buhturi 5090:Maqâtil 4847:(ed.), 4382:Maqātil 4367:Maqātil 4323:Maqātil 4193:Su 2016 4181:Su 2016 4154:Yaḥyā, 4127:Su 2016 4115:Su 2016 4103:Su 2016 3919:Su 2016 3521:Nishwār 3471:Yatīmat 3414:Wafayāt 3345:Nishwār 3106:Su 2016 2472:Maqātil 2223:: 1921:2 April 1555:, below 1421:Majalis 1417:Naqa'id 1217:period. 1215:Abbasid 1183:al-Abwā 1165:Abbāsid 1161:Umayyad 1102:Baghdād 1094:Isfahan 924:, this 901:Maqātil 887:al-Imāʾ 872:Maqātil 760:of the 623:al-sīra 461:Yaqut's 442:Ṭālibid 422:Abbasid 407:Samarra 387:Isfahan 337:caliphs 334:Umayyad 326:Baghdad 318:Isfahan 275:Baghdad 271:Quraysh 229:Patrons 224:History 176:Baghdad 161:Isfahan 152: ( 91:See why 8688:Zaydis 8501:Ziryab 8456:Ziryab 8376:Jahzah 8301:Ubayda 8246:Ma'bad 8211:Nashit 8206:Ṭuways 8186:Nagisa 8181:Barbad 8125:Karnay 8035:U.A.E. 7970:Kuwait 7965:Jordan 7624:Adunis 7426:Modern 7383:Fuzûlî 7182:Nazhun 6474:Tarafa 6225: 6217: 6160: 6152: 6094: 6077: 6060: 6031: 5952: 5944: 5885: 5877: 5820: 5812: 5767: 5757: 5734: 5724: 5705: 5659: 5605: 5544: 5536: 5505: 5495: 5454: 5426: 5409: 5392: 5357: 5331: 5314: 5270: 5244: 5223: 5153: 5145: 5114: 5077: 5067: 5021: 5013: 4982: 4972: 4953: 4943: 4916: 4791: 4783: 4726: 4718: 4687: 4679: 4662: 4654: 4532: 2217: 1999:Akhbār 1958:833741 1956: 1894: 1875:& 1833: 1825: 1747:Aghani 1739:Aghani 1694:; see: 1588:Aghānī 1575:Tārīkh 1553:Legacy 1531:nisbas 1479:; see: 1477:Aghānī 1425:Aghani 1408:ḥadīth 1335:Aghani 1191:Medina 1132:Munich 1106:Baṣrah 1055:poetry 941:Aghani 934:Aghani 922:Mu'jam 912:Aghani 896:ḥadīth 789:Legacy 775:Sunnīs 762:Aghānī 754:Aghānī 750:Aghani 742:Aghānī 730:asānīd 706:qulanj 681:Aghānī 679:, the 615:ḥadīth 580:ḥadīth 575:khaṭīb 560:kuttāb 547:Warraq 542:sahhaf 518:Aghānī 489:asānīd 453:Aghani 418:Aghani 381:Family 375:vizier 352:Aleppo 247:Arabic 221:Fields 8545:Works 8401:Irfan 8392:Qiyan 8321:Siyat 8272:Qiyan 8148:gōsān 8040:Yemen 8025:Syria 8020:Sudan 8005:Qatar 7980:Libya 7948:Egypt 7438:Nahda 7177:Muhya 6919:‘Inān 6439:Labīd 5950:S2CID 3975:Mīzān 3960:Inbāh 2403:Inbāh 2385:Siyar 1954:JSTOR 1855:. In 1801:(PDF) 1465:also: 1239:Notes 1199:Mahdi 1187:Mecca 1119:isnad 1086:Mecca 1067:Egypt 1043:Works 926:raʾīs 917:ra'is 771:Zaydī 722:aḵbār 710:enema 702:colic 661:kātib 595:kātib 591:kātib 565:kātib 526:Alids 509:Baṣra 501:Raqqa 497:Ahwaz 493:isnād 468:Alids 457:Shi'i 291:Dates 7995:Oman 7960:Iraq 7047:and 6253:help 6223:OCLC 6215:ISSN 6188:help 6158:OCLC 6150:ISSN 6092:OCLC 6075:OCLC 6058:ISSN 6029:ISSN 6000:link 5942:ISSN 5913:help 5883:OCLC 5875:ISSN 5848:help 5818:OCLC 5810:ISSN 5783:link 5765:OCLC 5755:ISBN 5732:OCLC 5722:ISBN 5703:OCLC 5657:ISSN 5636:help 5603:OCLC 5572:help 5542:OCLC 5534:ISSN 5503:OCLC 5493:ISBN 5452:OCLC 5424:OCLC 5407:OCLC 5390:OCLC 5355:OCLC 5329:OCLC 5312:OCLC 5268:OCLC 5242:OCLC 5221:ISBN 5181:help 5151:OCLC 5143:ISSN 5112:ISSN 5075:OCLC 5065:ISBN 5049:help 5019:OCLC 5011:ISSN 4980:OCLC 4970:ISBN 4951:OCLC 4941:ISBN 4914:OCLC 4819:help 4789:OCLC 4781:ISSN 4754:help 4724:OCLC 4716:ISSN 4685:OCLC 4677:ISSN 4660:OCLC 4652:ISSN 4530:ISBN 4019:1987 1923:2017 1892:OCLC 1823:ISSN 1794:): 1788:2020 1649:see: 1599:See 1551:See 1292:ibn 1189:and 1168:Alid 1163:and 1104:and 1065:and 939:The 906:The 882:)”. 865:The 857:The 726:saǰʿ 698:ẓarf 621:and 513:Kūfa 330:Iraq 322:Iran 267:Arab 169:Died 147:Born 55:lang 6313:Old 6207:doi 6142:doi 6021:doi 5975:hdl 5934:doi 5867:doi 5802:doi 5526:doi 5213:doi 5198:128 5135:doi 5104:doi 5003:doi 4933:doi 4773:doi 4708:doi 4644:doi 2232:". 2160:doi 1946:doi 1888:A–B 1813:doi 1790:) ( 1098:Rey 1061:of 783:Ali 716:). 687:). 609:), 544:or 536:or 434:viz 368:Ray 191:Era 154:897 150:897 75:IPA 8599:: 6245:: 6243:}} 6239:{{ 6221:. 6213:. 6180:: 6178:}} 6174:{{ 6156:. 6148:. 6054:10 6052:. 6048:. 6027:. 6017:29 6015:. 6011:. 5996:}} 5992:{{ 5948:. 5940:. 5924:. 5905:: 5903:}} 5899:{{ 5881:. 5873:. 5840:: 5838:}} 5834:{{ 5816:. 5808:. 5779:}} 5775:{{ 5763:. 5730:. 5653:13 5651:. 5647:. 5627:: 5625:}} 5621:{{ 5564:: 5562:}} 5558:{{ 5540:. 5532:. 5501:. 5219:. 5196:. 5192:. 5173:: 5171:}} 5167:{{ 5149:. 5141:. 5110:. 5100:25 5098:. 5094:. 5073:. 5041:: 5039:}} 5035:{{ 5017:. 5009:. 4978:. 4949:. 4939:. 4836:20 4834:. 4830:. 4811:: 4809:}} 4805:{{ 4787:. 4779:. 4746:: 4744:}} 4740:{{ 4722:. 4714:. 4683:. 4658:. 4650:. 4528:, 4465:^ 4331:^ 4212:^ 3544:^ 3479:^ 3062:^ 2633:^ 2411:^ 2393:^ 2373:^ 2355:^ 2204:^ 2154:. 2150:. 2064:^ 1952:, 1942:17 1940:, 1884:. 1871:; 1867:; 1863:; 1859:; 1829:. 1821:. 1807:. 1803:. 1448:^ 1432:^ 1388:^ 1201:. 1134:. 1100:, 1096:, 1092:, 1088:, 401:, 339:, 263:AH 259:CE 249:: 60:, 8078:e 8071:t 8064:v 6292:e 6285:t 6278:v 6255:) 6235:. 6209:: 6190:) 6170:. 6144:: 6098:. 6081:. 6064:. 6035:. 6023:: 6002:) 5988:. 5977:: 5956:. 5936:: 5930:1 5915:) 5895:. 5869:: 5850:) 5830:. 5804:: 5785:) 5771:. 5738:. 5709:. 5663:. 5638:) 5634:( 5609:. 5574:) 5554:. 5528:: 5509:. 5458:. 5430:. 5413:. 5396:. 5361:. 5335:. 5318:. 5274:. 5248:. 5229:. 5215:: 5183:) 5163:. 5137:: 5118:. 5106:: 5088:" 5081:. 5051:) 5031:. 5005:: 4986:. 4957:. 4935:: 4920:. 4892:. 4821:) 4801:. 4775:: 4756:) 4736:. 4710:: 4691:. 4666:. 4646:: 4548:. 4254:. 4239:. 3696:. 3375:. 3132:. 2886:. 2874:. 2835:. 2796:. 2742:. 2718:. 2168:. 2162:: 2156:3 2076:. 1948:: 1925:. 1898:. 1837:. 1815:: 1809:3 1728:. 1671:. 1577:. 1427:. 1413:c 1296:. 1207:( 1141:( 1078:( 712:( 704:( 696:( 269:- 245:( 201:) 197:( 156:) 137:( 101:) 97:( 93:. 30:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index