496:
445:, which will also demonstrate disruption of the coracoclavicular ligaments (the degree depending on the severity of AC joint disruption) as well as tearing of the joint capsule. The joint will be very tender and swollen on examination. Grade III separations most often do not require surgery and shoulder function should return to normal after 16–20 weeks. However, there will be some physical deformity of the shoulder with a noticeable bump resulting from the dislocation of the clavicle.
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29:
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It does not properly belong to the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it forms a most efficient means of retaining the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, called the trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament.
327:
The acromioclavicular joint provides the ability to raise the arm above the head. This joint functions as a pivot point (although technically it is a gliding synovial joint), acting like a strut to help with movement of the scapula resulting in a greater degree of arm rotation.
45:
434:
is a partial dislocation of the AC joint with a complete disruption tear of the AC joint and a partial disruption of coracoclavicular ligament. The AC gap is >5 mm. Grades I and II never require surgery and heal by themselves, though physical therapy may be
455:
is critical to detect mild (grade I) dislocations, especially because they may present as a normal joint in static images. Doppler US may also be used to increase diagnostic confidence to detect low-grade injuries because it depicts reparative process to injured
268:
When the pectoralis minor is inserted, as occasionally is the case, into the capsule of the shoulder-joint instead of into the coracoid process, it passes between these two bands, and the intervening portion of the ligament is then deficient.
314:
attached to the superior acromioclavicular ligament. This meniscus may be a blade of fibrocartilage that extends nearly halfway into the joint or it may form a complete disc that divides the joint into two parts. In other joints, no
264:
The ligament is sometimes described as consisting of two marginal bands and a thinner intervening portion, the two bands being attached respectively to the apex and the base of the coracoid process, and joining at the acromion.
219:
This ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion.
251:
It is attached, by its apex, to the summit of the acromion just in front of the articular surface for the clavicle; and by its broad base to the whole length of the lateral border of the coracoid process.
310:
study of 100 shoulders in US soldiers found considerable variation in the size and shape of the joint. The articular surfaces were notably different in size and form. On some, they are separated by a
347:
A common injury to the AC joint is dislocation, often called AC separation or shoulder separation. This is not the same as a "shoulder dislocation," which refers to dislocation of the
441:
is complete disruption of AC and CC ligaments. On plain film the inferior aspect of the clavicle will be above the superior aspect of the acromion. This can also be assessed with an
468:
of the acromioclavicular joint is not uncommon. It may be caused by a prior trauma (secondary osteoarthritis) or occur as a chronic degenerative disorder often co-existing with
421:
Acromioclavicular joint dislocations are graded from I to VI. Grading is based upon the degree of separation of the acromion from the clavicle with weight applied to the arm.
223:
It is composed of parallel fibers, which interlace with the aponeuroses of the trapezius and deltoideus; below, it is in contact with the articular disk when this is present.
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699:"Complete dislocations of the acromiclavicular joint; the nature of the traumatic lesion and effective methods of treatment with an analysis of forty-one cases"
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This ligament is somewhat thinner than the preceding; it covers the under part of the articulation, and is attached to the adjoining surfaces of the two bones.
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It is in relation, above, with the clavicle and under surface of the deltoid; below, with the tendon of the supraspinatus, a bursa being interposed.
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645:
Moya, Daniel; Poitevin, Luciano A.; Postan, Daniel; Azulay, Guillermo A.; Valente, Sergio; Giacomelli, Fernando; Mamone, Luis A. (December 2018).
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Its lateral border is continuous with a dense lamina that passes beneath the deltoid upon the tendons of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
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451:
are complications on a 'standard' dislocation involving a displacement of the clavicle, and will almost always require surgery. Dynamic
428:
is slight displacement of the joint, and a badly stretched or partially torn AC ligament. It has the normal separation of <4 mm.
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is present with the joint being made by a pad of fibrous tissue attached to the outer end of the clavicle, and no articular cavity.
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This ligament, together with the coracoid process and the acromion, forms a vault for the protection of the head of the humerus.
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The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion.
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It is in relation, above, in rare cases with the articular disk; below, with the tendon of the supraspinatus
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These ligaments are in relation, in front, with the subclavius and deltoid; behind, with the trapezius.
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The coracoclavicular ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula.
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647:"The medial coracoclavicular ligament: anatomy, biomechanics,and clinical relevance—a research study"
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Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is particularly common in collision sports such as
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398:. The most common mechanism of injury is a fall on the tip of the shoulder or FOOSH (
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Images from an MRI scan demonstrating AC Joint Injury - Grade II sprain
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53:
727:
Arend CF. Ultrasound of the
Shoulder. Master Medical Books, 2013
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Waldman, Steven D. (2014). "Subacromial
Impingement Syndrome".
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244:, which runs from the coracoid process to the acromion.
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The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
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that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the
16:
Shoulder junction between the scapula and the clavicle
374:, and is also a problem for those who participate in
785:
558:"What is Acromioclavicular Joint Osteoarthritis?"
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1029:
489:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, front view
921:Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)
501:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, back view
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555:
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279:, which consists of two ligaments, the
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206:, which attaches the clavicle to the
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475:
697:Urist, Marshall R. (October 1946).
227:Inferior acromioclavicular ligament
215:Superior acromioclavicular ligament
13:
622:10.1016/B978-0-443-10373-5.50005-1
589:10.1016/B978-1-4557-0999-1.00030-7
14:
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1222:Superficial transverse metacarpal
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192:The joint is stabilized by three
164:. It is the junction between the
1049:Interosseous membrane of forearm
612:Jacob, S. (2008). "Upper Limb".
581:Atlas of Uncommon Pain Syndromes
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751:Acromioclavicular joint disease
77:articulatio acromioclavicularis
867:Inferior transverse of scapula
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862:Superior transverse scapular
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37:and acromioclavicular joint
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1217:Deep transverse metacarpal
825:Posterior sternoclavicular
663:10.1016/j.jses.2018.07.001
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203:acromioclavicular ligament
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276:coracoclavicular ligament
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1141:Interosseous intercarpal
470:subacromial impingement
241:coracoacromial ligament
208:acromion of the scapula
150:acromioclavicular joint
22:Acromioclavicular joint
1183:Palmar carpometacarpal
1178:Dorsal carpometacarpal
537:Sternoclavicular joint
513:anatomical terminology
132:Anatomical terminology
332:Clinical significance
178:plane synovial joint.
1232:Metacarpophalangeal
990:Proximal radioulnar
285:trapezoid ligaments
1319:Upper limb anatomy
1136:Palmar intercarpal
1131:Dorsal intercarpal
1084:Palmar radiocarpal
1080:Dorsal radiocarpal
926:Transverse humeral
583:. pp. 81–85.
556:SimonMoyes.co.uk.
526:Glenohumeral joint
511:This article uses
349:glenohumeral joint
343:Separated shoulder
160:at the top of the
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1194:Radial collateral
1102:Radial collateral
1093:Palmar ulnocarpal
1089:Dorsal ulnocarpal
1072:Wrist/radiocarpal
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1044:Dorsal radioulnar
1039:Palmar radioulnar
1031:Distal radioulnar
1016:
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962:Radial collateral
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878:Acromioclavicular
845:Acromioclavicular
631:978-0-443-10373-5
616:. pp. 5–49.
598:978-1-4557-0999-1
522:(Pectoral girdle)
476:Additional images
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1199:Ulnar collateral
1098:Ulnar collateral
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980:Ulnar collateral
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883:Coracoclavicular
812:Sternoclavicular
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651:JSES Open Access
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564:. Archived from
562:Simon Moyes Blog
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528:(Shoulder joint)
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380:horseback riding
138:edit on Wikidata
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341:Main article:
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1146:Scapholunate
1003:Oblique cord
954:Humeroradial
903:Glenohumeral
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566:the original
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101:A03.5.03.001
76:
1289:Ulnar canal
1112:Intercarpal
972:Humeroulnar
853:Syndesmoses
392:snow skiing
66:Identifiers
1308:Categories
1263:Collateral
1240:Collateral
1155:Pisohamate
543:References
356:ice hockey
176:. It is a
1117:Midcarpal
887:trapezoid
791:ligaments
456:ligament.
439:Grade III
435:required.
414:tretched
302:Variation
194:ligaments
188:Ligaments
183:Structure
33:The left
1008:Quadrate
874:Synovial
803:Shoulder
715:21003194
681:30675592
532:Shoulder
507:See also
443:MRI scan
432:Grade II
376:swimming
360:football
323:Function
312:meniscus
283:and the
174:clavicle
166:acromion
162:shoulder
154:AC joint
35:shoulder
1022:Forearm
911:Capsule
793:of the
672:6334871
426:Grade I
170:scapula
156:, is a
89:D000173
61:Details
54:scapula
1314:Joints
1268:Palmar
1245:Palmar
998:Anular
892:conoid
787:Joints
713:
679:
669:
628:
595:
418:and).
388:biking
337:Injury
281:conoid
1277:Other
1189:thumb
945:Elbow
368:rugby
308:X-ray
158:joint
152:, or
136:[
125:25898
72:Latin
1063:Hand
789:and
711:PMID
677:PMID
626:ISBN
593:ISBN
402:all
394:and
370:and
364:Judo
273:The
238:The
200:The
148:The
113:1744
96:TA98
84:MeSH
795:arm
667:PMC
659:doi
618:doi
585:doi
306:An
120:FMA
108:TA2
1310::
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707:28
705:.
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689:^
675:.
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453:US
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416:H
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