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542:. After CAQ gained a majority in the National Assembly of Quebec, it introduced Bill 21 on March 28, 2019. As enacted, the law bans public workers in positions of "authority" from wearing religious symbols, specifically while they are on duty. According to the text of the bill, the laicity of the state is defined by a neutral religious stance, keeping state and religious affairs apart, as well as promoting equality and freedom of conscience and religion among citizens.
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746:. The ban also worried Sikh men, who would be unable to wear their religious headgear. There were calls for criticism, arguing that the bill unfairly targets specific religions rather than all of them. This argument arises because some religious garments are easier to remove or hide under regular clothing such as crosses used in Christianity and Catholicism compared to turbans, hijabs, and burqas. Prime Minister
66:
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944:, including the education system. The arrangement was unpopular, with many older Quebeckers later reporting negative experiences while in school. People saw the role of the church as a "necessary step on the road to modernity, to building a secular, more egalitarian society, freed from the evils of superstition". Religion came to be seen as a
507:. The Autonomous Federation of Education also decided to bring the case to the higher court. English-language school boards must apply the statute until the appeal is decided; an interlocutory application to temporarily exempt the school boards from it was rejected by the Quebec Court of Appeal in November 2021.
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women). Blanchard stated the law "in one way violat their freedom of religion, and in another, the same in regards to their freedom of expression, since clothing constitutes both pure and simple expression, and also the manifestation of a religious belief." Nevertheless, he upheld most of the ban as
1000:
and
Belgium as an argument that Quebec nationalism is based on moderation. Although Trudeau initially spoke out against the idea of the bill in 2017, he did not take any actual action to prevent the bill from passing. During his election campaign in 2019, he avoided the topic as much as possible in
1001:
order to maintain popularity in the polls within Quebec. The consensus among the 2019 candidates was that the bill was a provincial issue and they would not pursue action at a federal level if elected. Including NDP leader
Jagmeet Singh who would personally be affected by the bill while in Quebec.
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exempts some public workers as long as they continue to hold the same job, at the same institution. The law also outlines rules that require people to uncover their faces to receive a public service for identification or security purposes, such as taking public transit with a reduced-fare photo ID
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Several legal challenges were filed against the law and a judge ruled that the face-covering ban cannot be applicable while analyzed by another court, because of the irreversible injury it may cause some women of the Muslim faith. Another judge granted an injunction on that section questioned in
1024:
later granted the petitioning organisations leave to appeal the claim for an injunction. The
Coalition Inclusion Quebec announced a challenge to the ruling at the Quebec Court of Appeal in order to strike down the entire law. A 29-day hearing into challenges to the law was heard in the Quebec
887:
Various forms of resistance to Law 21 have emerged since its inception. Some are the legal challenges described below. The
Coalition Inclusion Quebec is taking legal action on the basis that Law 21 specifically targets Muslim women. The Coalition Inclusion Quebec is challenging the use of the
1049:. Similarly, the notwithstanding clause cannot be used to restrict rights granted by s. 3 of the Canadian Charter to elected members of the legislative assemblies, so the law was unconstitutional to the extent it purported to apply to members of the National Assembly.
1020:(CCLA) filed a legal challenge against the law which aimed to stay its application. The groups argue that the law is unconstitutional, irreparably harms religious minorities, and constitutes "state-sanctioned second-class citizenship". The
888:
notwithstanding clause because it cannot be used against
Section 28 of the Charter, regarding gender discrimination. Another court case is being filed by the English Montreal School Board on the basis of violating minority language rights.
841:, the notwithstanding clause. Couillard stated that his government, in passing Bill 62, did not use the notwithstanding clause by design, asserting that the court would uphold his government's limited ban as reasonable and justified.
1045:. However, he ruled that the provisions were unconstitutional, to the extent they applied to English-language school boards, as the notwithstanding clause cannot be used to restrict minority language rights protected by the
220:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
770:(CAQ) argued the ban was not extensive enough. Some journalists accused Couillard of supporting the ban for "perceived political advantage", while a majority of the general public expressed their support for this move.
782:
poll found that 76 percent of
Quebecers backed Bill 62, with 24 percent opposing it. The same survey found that 68 percent of Canadians, in general, supported a law similar to Bill 62 in their part of Canada. A 2017
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were opposed. The CAQ government also introduced last-minute amendments toughening the law, making provisions for a minister to verify that it is being obeyed and to demand corrective measures if necessary.
870:, but not the way it was done with Bill 21." The Parti Québécois said the ban did not go far enough, and that it should have been extended to public daycare workers, as in its proposed legislation.
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The Quebec
Liberal Party said the law would go too far, particularly with respect to Muslim women, and continued to advocate a ban only on religious clothing which covered the face, such as the
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While the statute is supported by most of Quebec's population, some argue that it does not go far enough and should extend to daycares, while others argue that the statute is
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report on reasonable accommodations, raised concern that the law makes the province not look like a "decent society" and will only feed an intolerance toward minorities.
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An act to foster adherence to State religious neutrality and, in particular, to provide a framework for requests for accommodations on religious grounds in certain bodies
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William
Steinberg compares Bill 21 to "ethnic cleansing" as it discriminates against minority religions that have more requirements for religious clothing and headgear.
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stated this was a provincial matter and not relevant to the federal government's jurisdiction but did campaign in favour of Law 21. When explaining why being called a
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poll found that 70 percent of
Canadians outside of Quebec supported "legislation similar to Bill 62" where they lived in the country, with 30 percent opposing it.
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government in
October 2017 made world headlines. The law banned a person whose face is covered from delivering or receiving a public service. Justice Minister
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prohibits discrimination by governments, including on the basis of religion). The Act also states that it will apply despite sections 1 to 38 of the Quebec
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If the Liberal government had been re-elected in the general election on October 1, 2018, Premier Philippe Couillard said he would be ready to go to the
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834:, if necessary, to defend Bill 62. From his previous comments on the matter, Couillard was not likely to preserve the face covering the ban by invoking
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Supports it but, said the ban did not go far enough, and that it should have been extended to public daycare workers, as in its proposed legislation.
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has called Law 21 "discriminatory", adding that "It does not so much separate religion and state as it authorizes state interference with religion".
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223:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
707:, a law banning the display of "ostentatious" religious symbols, but they were unable to pass it before losing an election some months thereafter.
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said all religious symbols, regardless of the size of the object, would be prohibited, but not religious tattoos or hairstyles such as Rastafarian
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Any public employee who carries a weapon, including police officers, courthouse constables, bodyguards, prison guards, and wildlife officers
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card. However, people who have their faces covered for medical reasons or for job-related requirements are exempt from these rules.
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447:(secular state). It prohibits the wearing of religious symbols by certain public employees in positions of authority and
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1332:"Quebec government's proposed secularism law would ban public workers from wearing religious symbols | CBC News"
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According to the second paragraph of section 4, "State laicity also requires that all persons have the right to lay
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1296:"What's in Quebec's secularism bill: Religious symbols, uncovered faces and a charter workaround | CBC News"
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The Quebec Liberal Party government confirmed that it would not appeal the suspension of the key article of its
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1991:
654:(which protects freedom of religion and freedom of expression), and sections 7 to 15 of the Canadian Charter (
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2419:"Quebec Court of Appeal rules that secularism law known as Bill 21 is constitutional | Globalnews.ca"
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cannot be overridden by the notwithstanding clause. The Government of Quebec appealed the judgment to the
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2094:"Quebec government's proposed secularism law would ban public workers from wearing religious symbols"
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2200:"Trudeau says he won't step into Bill 21 debate to avoid triggering jurisdictional spat with Quebec"
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1640:"Four-in-ten outside Quebec would prohibit women wearing niqabs from receiving government services"
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spoke out against it. Several scholars have also criticised the ban. The ban was challenged by the
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in those who were already in office when the bill was introduced. The statute operates despite the
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Contesting Discrimination in Quebec's Bill 21: Constitutional Limits on Opting out of Human Rights
1153:
1133:"Quebec Superior Court upholds most of religious symbols ban, but English-language schools exempt"
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1700:"Philippe Couillard irait jusqu'en Cour suprĂȘme pour dĂ©fendre la neutralitĂ© religieuse de l'Ătat"
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1917:""It's terrifying": Naheed Nenshi calls for national groundswell against Quebec secularism bill"
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In April 2021, Quebec Superior Court judge Marc-André Blanchard ruled that the law violated the
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2384:"Quebec court upholds law banning religious dress, with exceptions for English schools, MNAs"
2264:"One law, many challenges: How lawyers are trying to overturn Quebec's religious symbols ban"
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858:. Québec solidaire said that it was opposed to any ban on the wearing of religious symbols.
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asserts that Quebec is a "lay State". The laicity of the state is based on four principles:
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1228:"Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat : la FAE en appellera du jugement de la Cour supĂ©rieure"
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2344:"As trial over Quebec religious symbols ban wraps up, minority rights hang in the balance"
1736:"Doug Ford's use of notwithstanding clause music to the ears of Quebec's Francois Legault"
1268:"Law n°21 : An Act respecting the laicity of the State - National Assembly of Québec"
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to Canada Press is not seen a pejorative, Joseph Yvon Thériault, a sociology professor at
8:
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1668:"Quebec's face-covering law suspended for second time, with judge citing rights concerns"
1173:"Court mostly upholds controversial Quebec secularism law, exempts English school boards"
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804:. In the judgment of the court, said section contravenes the freedoms guaranteed by the
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650:, the notwithstanding clause, and states that the Act shall have effect notwithstanding
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2369:"Quebec court upholds most of province's secularism law, exempts English school boards"
1750:"Signes religieux : les membres de Québec solidaire votent pour la totale liberté"
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1311:"Quebec's bill to ban religious symbols sparks condemnation in the province and Ottawa"
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2289:"Quebec Draws Challenge After Banning Many Public Workers From Wearing Religious Garb"
2118:"Hearings on constitutionality of Quebec's secularism law underway in Court of Appeal"
1718:"Opinion | Will Quebec be the next province to use the 'notwithstanding' clause?"
1597:"For supporters, Quebec's face-covering law a matter of safety and respect | CBC News"
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2156:"Bloc Quebecois leader Blanchet says secularism, Bill 21 shouldn't be campaign issue"
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preferred to wait for a judgement on the substance and constitutionality of the law.
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2325:"Group representing hijab-wearing teachers launches appeal against Bill 21 decision"
1872:"EMSB prepares legal fight over secularism law that chair says "breeds intolerance""
1213:"Les commissions scolaires anglophones exemptĂ©es de la Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat"
2486:
1939:"NDP leader would back federal intervention in court challenge to Quebec's Bill 21"
937:
670:, which was amended to assert that "state laicity" is of "fundamental importance".
1686:"Port de signes religieux: des partis pourraient recourir à la clause dérogatoire"
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2245:"François Legault's high-stakes game with the courts and Quebec's secularism law"
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2439:"It Doesn't Work!": The Symbolic Aspect of Law, From the Criminal Law to Bill 21
2069:"Majority of Canadians disapprove of Bill 21, but Quebecers are in favour: poll"
1965:"Ottawa's antisemitism envoy Irwin Cotler calls Quebec's Bill 21 discriminatory"
1009:
Since the law was first introduced in 2019, it has faced many legal challenges.
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2011:"Quebec's Bill 21: Is there room for more than one view of religion in Canada?"
1579:"Trudeau on Quebec face-cover ban: not our business to tell women what to wear"
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2036:"Bill 21 supporters testify that religious symbols send wrong message to kids"
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1154:"Quebec's top court begins hearing appeals on secularism law known as Bill 21"
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said that he would support federal intervention in court to challenge Law 21.
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1490:"Quebec bans face covering in public services, raising worries among Muslims"
1447:"How Quebec's face-covering ban stacks up to laws elsewhere around the globe"
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stated that people could seek religious exemption on a "case by case" basis.
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of Edmonton urging other municipal governments to speak out against Law 21.
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1820:"Gerard Bouchard declares opposition to Quebec's 'radical' secularism bill"
1347:"Quebec passes bill banning public servants from wearing religious symbols"
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491:. However, the court did rule that the law was inoperative with respect to
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It passed on June 16 by a 73â35 vote, with the backing of the CAQ and the
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996:, compared Bill 21 to stricter legislation in European countries such as
1992:"Opposition to Quebec's Bill 21 intensifies as minister pleads for calm"
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1420:"Quebec's ban on face-coverings risks inflaming inter-communal tensions"
662:. These provisions were included to avoid legal challenges based on the
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2142:"Religious symbols: Which groups are for or against Quebec's Bill 21?"
1243:"EMSB loses bid to temporarily suspend Quebec's religious symbols law"
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1612:"68% of Canadians want Quebec's face-coverings ban in their province"
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as it infringed on their constitutional rights, which argues that
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upheld most of the law, despite stating that the law violates the
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1462:"How will Quebec's Bill 62 work? What we know (and don't) so far"
566:
217:
1769:"No notwithstanding clause for Bill 21 under my watch: Anglade"
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The law applies when receiving government services, including:
440:
2178:"In Quebec, being a nationalist is a positive, not a negative"
1795:"GĂ©rard Bouchard challenges legitimacy of Bill 21 at hearings"
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MLQ supports the Bill, but they say it doesn't go far enough.
1847:"New court challenge brought against Quebec's secularism law"
855:
779:
1365:"Quebec bans religious symbols for state workers in new law"
1226:
La Presse canadienne (April 24, 2021). Radio-Canada (ed.).
948:
that society and people can choose to adopt or disregard.
2219:"Singh's stance on Bill 21 called out by anti-hate group"
1894:"CITY COUNCIL MINUTES June 22/23, 2020 â Council Chamber"
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a necessary part of their religion, defining the move as
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reported the law enjoyed 64 per cent support in Quebec.
1200:, 2021 QCCS 1466 (CanLII), paras. 1129â1131, 1138â1140.
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had campaigned for a law related to laicity during the
1511:"Wanting to ban the veil, Quebec bans sunglasses, too"
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Doctors, dentists, and midwives in public institutions
399:, Minister of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusiveness
2307:"Small victory in court for groups fighting Bill 21"
1225:
213:
1383:"Québec Values Charter | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
940:in the 1960s, Quebec was heavily influenced by the
518:. Disapproval of the statute is more widespread in
209:
a machine-translated version of the French article.
487:women), because the National Assembly invoked the
896:voted unanimously to condemn Bill 21 with mayors
611:Crown prosecutors, government lawyers, and judges
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614:School principals, vice-principals, and teachers
134:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
738:The ban has worried some Muslims who consider
718:, introduced as Bill 62 and passed by Premier
516:religious groups like Muslims, Jews, and Sikhs
250:{{Translated|fr|Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat}}
238:accompanying your translation by providing an
200:Click for important translation instructions.
187:expand this article with text translated from
2529:
2464:What Is the True Purpose of Quebec's Bill 21?
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694:
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302:
1170:
807:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
668:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2536:
2522:
2505:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2477:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2452:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1540:"Catholicism and Secularization in Quebec"
1400:
1143:
699:The Parti Québécois in 2013 under Premier
427:), introduced and commonly referred to as
332:An Act respecting the laicity of the State
312:
298:An Act respecting the laicity of the State
2342:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 21, 2020).
2341:
2262:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 12, 2019).
2261:
2242:
1637:
1459:
630:Municipal services such as public transit
280:Learn how and when to remove this message
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:Learn how and when to remove this message
2485:
2381:
2243:Montpetit, Jonathan (December 9, 2019).
2197:
1989:
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1324:
1308:
1945:. The Canadian Press. December 14, 2021
1792:
1766:
1460:Boissinot, Jacques (October 24, 2017).
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1288:
1114:Act respecting the laicity of the State
866:, argued that "We are all in favour of
838:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
813:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
664:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
647:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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465:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
416:Act respecting the laicity of the State
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2732:Changement Intégrité pour notre Québec
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2008:
1896:. Edmonton City Council. June 22, 2020
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778:With regard to public opinion, a 2017
547:An Act Respecting laicity of the State
388:Bill 21, 1st Session, 42nd Legislature
2517:
2198:Zimonjic, Peter (December 13, 2021).
1971:. The Canadian Press. January 4, 2022
1844:
1767:Authier, Philip (November 22, 2019).
1638:Korzinski, David (October 27, 2017).
1609:
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2747:Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec
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1990:Shingler, Benjamin (April 5, 2019).
1914:
1666:Valiante, Giuseppe (June 29, 2018).
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1285:
1211:Radio-Canada, ed. (April 20, 2021).
1056:ruled in favor of Quebec's Bill 21.
1047:Canadian Charter Rights and Freedoms
1036:of religious minorities (especially
1018:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
1014:National Council of Canadian Muslims
802:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
798:National Council of Canadian Muslims
756:National Council of Canadian Muslims
752:Canadian Civil Liberties Association
689:
660:Charter of human rights and freedoms
534:The conservative, nationalist party
483:of religious minorities (especially
455:Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
169:
114:
59:
18:
2130:from the original on June 14, 2023.
1577:Kassam, Ashifa (October 20, 2017).
1488:Peritz, Ingrid (October 18, 2017).
1120:
971:
790:
13:
2772:Parti marxiste-léniniste du Québec
2106:from the original on May 31, 2023.
1500:
1241:Jason Magder (November 10, 2021).
1198:Hak c. Procureur général du Québec
1093:
656:section 15 of the Canadian Charter
75:tone or style may not reflect the
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3035:
3019:Religious controversies in Canada
3004:Political controversies in Canada
2429:
1610:Abedi, Maham (October 27, 2017).
773:
652:section 2 of the Canadian Charter
567:religious neutrality of the State
561:separation of State and religions
495:school boards and members of the
34:This article has multiple issues.
2574:
2382:Perreaux, Les (April 20, 2021).
2009:PolĂšse, Mario (August 4, 2021).
1585:– via www.theguardian.com.
1309:Perreaux, Les (March 28, 2019).
994:University of Quebec at Montreal
174:
119:
85:guide to writing better articles
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1345:Perreaux, Les (June 16, 2019).
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1041:the government had invoked the
593:, and to lay public services".
42:or discuss these issues on the
2158:. Global News. October 8, 2019
1387:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
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1234:
1219:
1204:
1190:
1171:Selena Ross (April 20, 2021).
1164:
800:with the participation of the
248:You may also add the template
1:
3014:Quebec provincial legislation
2737:Citoyens au pouvoir du Québec
1086:
849:
435:, is a statute passed by the
2887:2012 Quebec student protests
2820:2012 Quebec general election
2815:2014 Quebec general election
2810:2018 Quebec general election
2805:2022 Quebec general election
2720:Parti conservateur du Québec
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733:
425:Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat
304:Loi sur la laĂŻcitĂ© de l'Ătat
7:
3024:Political history of Quebec
2830:Referendums on independence
2566:Former lieutenant-governors
1915:Bell, D (October 2, 2019).
1071:French ban on face covering
1059:
439:in 2019 which asserts that
437:National Assembly of Quebec
322:National Assembly of Quebec
10:
3040:
2603:Premiers by time in office
976:Law 21 was debated in the
966:Mouvement laïque québécois
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710:
695:Proposed Charter of Values
212:Machine translation, like
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2762:Parti culinaire du Québec
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2667:
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2636:Former Opposition Leaders
2621:
2583:
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2551:
1874:. CBC. September 26, 2019
1418:M.D. (October 20, 2017).
1052:On February 29 2024, The
951:A 2019 poll conducted by
860:Quebec Liberal leadership
403:
392:
381:
376:
366:
356:
348:
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327:
320:
311:
296:
189:the corresponding article
1117:, SQ 2019, c. 12, s. 1.
1025:Superior Court in 2020.
821:Religious Neutrality Act
705:Quebec Charter of Values
555:equality of all citizens
540:2018 provincial election
501:minority language rights
473:Superior Court of Quebec
462:certain sections of the
2896:Other Canadian politics
2705:Parti libéral du Québec
2700:Coalition Avenir Québec
2682:Government House Leader
2646:Speaker of the Assembly
1076:Hijab by country#Canada
832:Supreme Court of Canada
768:Coalition Avenir Québec
536:Coalition Avenir Québec
471:On April 20, 2021, the
259:For more guidance, see
2613:Government departments
1706:on September 11, 2018.
1538:Baum, Gregory (1986).
1054:Quebec Court of Appeal
1043:notwithstanding clause
1022:Quebec Court of Appeal
986:Yves-Francois Blanchet
505:Quebec Court of Appeal
489:notwithstanding clause
424:
303:
2757:Parti indépendantiste
2752:Parti unité nationale
2495:. Directions Journal.
2467:. Directions Journal.
2442:. Directions Journal.
2223:Federal Election 2019
2042:. November 10, 2020.
1738:. September 12, 2018.
1724:. September 12, 2018.
1215:(in Canadian French).
1030:freedom of expression
978:2019 federal election
894:Edmonton City Council
760:Quebec Superior Court
643:The Act also invokes
596:Immigration Minister
591:judicial institutions
572:freedom of conscience
545:The first section of
477:freedom of expression
261:Knowledge:Translation
232:copyright attribution
2994:Clothing in politics
2782:Parti vert du Québec
2126:. November 7, 2022.
908:New Democratic Party
890:Calgary City Council
825:Government of Quebec
785:Angus Reid Institute
679:Quebec Liberal Party
598:Simon Jolin-Barrette
530:Contents and passage
397:Simon Jolin-Barrette
343:Parliament of Quebec
2999:Dress codes (legal)
2825:Electoral districts
2553:Lieutenant Governor
2461:Lord, Phil (2020).
2436:Lord, Phil (2020).
1519:. November 24, 2017
636:Subsidised daycares
604:. The law affects:
576:freedom of religion
377:Legislative history
3009:Politics of Quebec
2880:Quebec sovereignty
2858:Quebec nationalism
2742:Ăquipe autonomiste
2545:Politics of Quebec
2388:The Globe and Mail
2102:. March 28, 2019.
1969:The Globe and Mail
1688:. August 14, 2018.
1494:The Globe and Mail
1467:The Globe and Mail
1351:The Globe and Mail
1315:The Globe and Mail
836:section 33 of the
720:Philippe Couillard
645:section 33 of the
620:grandfather clause
240:interlanguage link
138:You can assist by
2976:
2975:
2873:Quebec autonomism
2868:Quebec federalism
2863:National question
2692:Political parties
2623:Opposition Leader
2487:Sheppard, Colleen
1943:CTV News Montreal
1139:. April 21, 2021.
880:, authors of the
864:Dominique Anglade
762:. Meanwhile, the
690:Prior legislation
497:National Assembly
411:
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271:
201:
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168:
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160:
113:
112:
105:
79:used on Knowledge
77:encyclopedic tone
57:
16:Statute of Quebec
3031:
2710:Québec solidaire
2677:Current assembly
2593:François Legault
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2295:. June 18, 2019.
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1005:Court challenges
972:Federal election
946:social construct
938:Quiet Revolution
791:Court challenges
728:Stéphanie Vallée
683:Québec solidaire
493:English-language
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2715:Parti Québécois
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2598:Former premiers
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1016:(NCCM) and the
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960:Parti Québécois
942:Catholic Church
934:
900:of Calgary and
882:Bouchard-Taylor
874:GĂ©rard Bouchard
852:
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2851:Current issues
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