1769:(lower middle class), rather than the working class and the poor. In September 1879, Stoecker's speech "Our Demands on Modern Jewry" caused a sensation and attracted much media attention, as it was widely assumed that Stoecker was speaking on behalf of Emperor Wilhelm I when he blamed all of Germany's problems on "Jewish capital" and the "Jewish press". Stoecker, in particular, complained that 45,000 Jews living in Berlin were "too large a figure" and that Germany was taking in far too many poor Jewish immigrants from Russia and Romania. He argued that Jewish immigrants from the Russian empire and Romania should be "sunk on the high seas", rather be allowed to settle in Germany. As early as 17 October 1879, the Board of Trustees of the Jewish community in Berlin had complained to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior that Stoecker should be silenced as his hate speeches were inciting violence against Jews, a request that was refused. Stoecker's denunciations of the changes wrought by industrialization and urbanization appealed to the lower middle class, as he offered up an idealized, nostalgic vision of an ordered, rural society, where local craftsmen and small merchants did not have to compete with factories and large stores, of a simpler, better time now sadly gone. Stoecker's critique of modernity and of the capitalist system under the guise of very nationalist and anti-Semitic message appealed to the
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and the social order created. The message was rejected by most German workers as not addressing their main concerns. The German working class mostly wanted a higher standard of living and democracy, not to be told that it was their duty as
Christians to accept their lot. Stoecker's hostility to unions and strikes limited his appeal to the working class. Stoecker called unions "the threatening danger which moves through our time like a flood between weak dykes". Stoecker believed that workers should not fight for higher wages and improve working conditions through strikes, but should deferentially ask "throne and altar" to improve working conditions and wages, a message that strongly limited his appeal to the working class. Stoecker's platform sounded very left-wing with its demand for an income tax, banning children and married women from working, making Sunday a holiday; subsidies for widows and those too injured to work, taxes on luxury goods and a government-supported health system for all. However, at same time, Stoecker's platform called for bringing unions under state control, as Stoecker viewed the purpose of unions was to teach their members to be loyal to "throne and altar", not to improve the lives of their members.
1910:, the Orthodox Jew who served as Bismarck's banker, though not by name as the author of the problem of poverty in Germany. In a speech delivered on 11 June 1880, Stoecker attacked an unnamed Orthodox Jewish banker to powerful people, by which he clearly meant Bleichröder, who he claimed had too much power and wealth. Stoecker stated the solution to poverty was to confiscate the wealth from rich Jews, rather than have an "impoverished" Church minister to the poor, and said that the banker was "a capitalist with more money than all the evangelical clergy taken together". Bleichröder complained to Bismarck that Stoecker's attack might lead him to leave Germany for another nation that would be more welcoming to him, and as Bleichröder's skills at banking had made both him and Bismarck very rich men, Bismarck was worried about losing his banker. Bismarck saw the attack on Bleichröder as an attack on himself and seriously considered banning Stoecker from speaking, but he declined as Stoecker was too popular and his position as court chaplain made him unassailable as he had the Emperor's support. Bismarck complained that Stoecker "was attacking the wrong Jews, the rich ones committed to the
1960:, opened a session of the court with the remark: "I hereby reopen the proceedings against the defendant Stoecker", only to be reminded that it was Bäcker who was on trial. The libel case attracted much media attention, and though Stoecker won the case, the judge gave Bäcker the lightest possible sentence of three weeks in prison, under the grounds that the publisher had been persistently attacked by Stoecker. Bäcker won a moral victory, as even through the court had convicted him, Stoecker had been exposed on the stand as a man who was caught up in so many lies as to destroy his reputation. The judges had given a convoluted and tortured ruling in the libel trial that seemed to suggest that they wanted to acquit Bäcker but had convicted him only because to acquit Bäcker would confirm his claims against Stoecker, which would damage the prestige of the monarchy, as Stoecker was the court chaplain.
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too extravagant". The
American historian Harold Green noted that Bismarck seemed to have a problem with Stoecker's anti-Semitism only when it was directed against Bleichröder, and as long as Stoecker attacked Jews in general, instead of singling out Bleichröder, Bismarck did not have an issue with Stoecker. The letter from the emperor only attracted more attention to Stoecker, and more people continued to join the CSP. Teachers and army officers were overrepresented in the CSP, and in 1881, Stoecker renamed his party the Christian Social Party, as very few workers had joined his movement, and the Worker's part of the title was offputting to his mostly lower middle-class supporters. Bismarck ended his support for Stoecker in 1881 after the "Bleichröder affair" and because Stoecker had failed to win the working class from the SPD, instead attracting support from an already-conservative
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claiming that had been attacked unjustly by the "Jewish press". Prince
Wilhelm wrote that to dismiss Stoecker would be to strengthen the Social Democratic and the Progressive parties, who the prince claimed to be both controlled by the Jews. Prince Wilhlem called Stoecker the victim of the "ghastly and infamous slanders of the damned Jewish press" and wrote "poor Stoecker" had been "covered with insults, slanders and defamation". He went on, "Now, after the judgement of the court, which is unfortunately far too much under Jewish control, a veritable storm of indignation and anger has broken out in all the levels of the nation". Prince Wilhelm called Stoecker "...the most powerful pillar, the bravest, most fearless fighter for Your Monarchy and Your Throne among the people!.... He has personally and alone won over
1881:, Stoecker launched the Antisemitic Petition in 1880 that was signed by a quarter of million Germans asking for Jewish immigration to Germany to be banned, Jews to be forbidden to vote and hold public office and Jews to be forbidden to work as teachers or attend universities. The ultimate intention of Stoecker and Treitschke was the disemancipation of German Jews, and the Antisemitic Petition was only the planned first step. In response to the Antisemitic Petition, the Crown Prince Frederich attacked anti-Semitism in an 1880 speech as a "shameful blot on our time" and said on behalf of himself and his wife Victoria with clear reference to Stoecker: "We are ashamed of the
1851:"The Jewish Question, insofar as it is a religious question, belongs to science and the missionaries; as a racial question, it belongs anthropology and history. In the form of which this question appears before our eyes in public life, it is highly complicated social-ethical, political-economic phenomena.... This question has arisen and developed—under the influence of religion and race—differently in the Middle Ages from how it is today, different also in contemporary Russia from how it is with us. But the Jewish Question—always and everywhere—has to do with economic exploitation and the ethical disruption of the peoples among who the Jews have lived".
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horror: "During the years 1874–78, eighty percent of all marriages took place outside the church and forty-five percent of all children were not baptized". Furthermore, the staunchly-conservative
Stoecker was worried about the way that the poor and the working class were voting for the "godless" Social Democratic Party (SPD), and to counter the growth of the SPD, he founded the Christian Social Worker's Party (CSP) in 1878. Though strongly critical of capitalism and demanding some social reforms like an income tax and reducing working hours, Stoecker was hostile to unions and supported the existing social structure in which the
80:. Stoecker's father was a blacksmith turned prison guard, and despite his poverty, Stoecker was able to attend university, which was unusual for a working-class man in the 19th century. An energetic and hardworking Protestant pastor who wrote widely on various social and political issues, Stoecker had a charismatic personality which made him one of Germany's best loved and most respected Lutheran clergyman. As a theology student at the University of Halberstadt, Stoecker was already known as the "second Luther" as his writings and speeches defending the Lutheran faith were considered outstanding.
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1937:"His Imperial Majesty, the Kaiser agreed to receive delegates from the Berlin movement on the eve of his birthday, something that had never happened before in the case of a political party. I had the honor to deliver a speech... the Kaiser aptly replied that there had been very strange developments during the past year; that both the most autocratic monarch in the world, the Russian Emperor and the least authoritarian President of a Republic, the American Chief of State had been assassinated, that authority was in terrible danger everywhere and it necessary to be fully aware of this."
1743:"I have in mind a peaceful organization of labor and the workers.... It is your misfortune, gentleman, that you only think of your Social State and scornfully reject the hand extended to you for reform and help; that you insist on saying "we will not settle for anything less than the Social State". This way makes you enemies of the other social classes. Yes, gentleman, you hate the Fatherland! Your press shockingly reflects this hatred... you also hate Christianity, you hate the gospel of God's mercy. They teach you not to be believe. They teach you atheism and these false prophets".
1843:"Race is, without a doubt, an important element in the Jewish Question. The Semitic-Punic type is, in all areas, in work as well in profit, in business as well in earnings, in the life of the state as well in worldview, in its spiritual as well as its ethical effects—so different from the Germanic morals and philosophy of life, that reconciliation or amalgamation is impossible, unless it takes the form of a sincere rebirth from the depths of the conscience from the upright Israelites".
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1799:"If modern Jewry continues to use the power of capital and the power of the press to bring misfortune to the nation, a final catastrophe is unavoidable. Israel must renounce its ambition to become master of Germany. It should renounce its arrogant claim that Judaism is the religion of the future, when it is so clearly of the past...Every sensible person must realize the rule of this Semitic mentality means not only our spiritual, but also our economic impoverishment".
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wrote, "Nobody has so lastingly influenced the rising generation of pastors and has put his mark on them for decades to come as he did". Stoecker's insistence that Jews were a race, not a religion, and that Jewish "racial traits" were so repulsive that no proper
Christian could ever love a Jew and to love Christ was to hate Jews, had a major impact on the Lutheran church well into the 20th century, and helped to explain the Lutherans' support of the Nazi regime.
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force of capital as well the power of the press, to ruin the nation, it will be impossible to avoid a catastrophe in the end". Though
Stoecker professed to be speaking with "full Christian love" for the Jews, it was always counterbalanced with a violent attack on Judaism as when he warned in a speech that one should not allow "Jewish newspapers to attack our belief and for the Jewish spirit of Mammonism to sully our people". As one of the first leaders of the
1752:, showed up to hijack the meeting as Most gave a speech denouncing the Lutheran church for being subservient to the state and declared that only the Social Democrats represented the working class, which prompted loud cheers from the working-class audience. Most led the audience out of the meeting hall, all behind him, while Stoecker was left fuming, as his would be supporters had been taken away by Most. The German chancellor, Prince
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vigorous defense that his claim that
Stoecker was a dishonest man was true that he effectively put Stoecker on trial. As a witness, Stoecker was humiliated on a daily basis, as Bäcker's lawyers presented many examples from his speeches of him telling lies and having committed perjury in another court case when he testified that he never seen a Social Democrat named Ewald before, despite having repeatedly spoken with him during
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matters in public. After a reign of 99 days, Frederick died and was succeeded by his son, Wilhelm II, who kept
Stoecker on as court chaplain. Stoecker had long attacked the National Liberal Party as a "Jewish" party, and in 1890, Wilhelm II was informed by the leaders of National Liberals that they would not vote for his bills in the
1809:
murder!". As the crowd would become more and more angry, Stoecker would present his usual caveat, "Don't think I present all this out of hatred. I don't hate anyone!", which the
American historian Jeffery Telman observed was "highly ironic" since Stoecker would whip up his supporters into a state of fury.
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of
Germany most respected and best loved Lutheran clergymen made hatred for the Jews eminently respectable in a way that it never had been before. It was only after Stoecker started to attack the Jews that the meetings of the CSP began to be well attended, but most of Stoecker's followers came from the
1893:
towards people of a different faith and another who have become an integral part (and by no means the worse) of our nation!" The Crown Prince of Prussia, Frederich, delivered a speech at a Berlin synagogue, where he called Stoecker the "shame of the century" and promised that if he became Emperor, he
1803:
Though Stoecker did not call for violence, he implied that violence would be acceptable if the Jews did not begin to "show respect" to the Germans, which they allegedly did not. Stoecker fed the sense of victimization as with his speech "The Lousy Press" in which he argued to his supporters that the
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Stoecker's position as court chaplain from 1874 to 1890 made him one of the most influential Lutheran clergymen of the entire 19th century, and in 1891, the theologian Reinhold Seeberg called Stoecker "the most powerful church leader for pastors". After his death in 1909, Pastor Johannes Haussleiter
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families were sinking into poverty. Stoecker's speech "Our Demands on Modern Jewry" was full of a sense of victimization, as he accused Jews of behaving with outrageous arrogance to Germans, and he demanded that newly middle class Jewish families should "show respect" to the Germans. Levy wrote that
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In 1879, Stoecker gave speeches blaming all of Germany's problems on the Jewish minority. In his speech "Our Demands on Modern Jewry", delivered in Berlin on 19 September 1879, Stoecker in the words of the American historian Richard Levy "put antisemitism on the map in Germany", as his status as one
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Besides working as a court chaplain, Stoecker also served as the head of a church mission in central Berlin that offered aid to the poorest families of the city. Stoecker was shocked by the extent to which the German poor and working classes had become estranged from Lutheranism and later wrote with
1917:
In December 1880, under pressure from Bismarck, Wilhelm I formally admonished Stoecker for his attack on Bleichröder in a letter for having "incited rather than calmed greed, by having drawn attention to big individual fortunes and by proposing reforms that in light of the government's program were
1821:
in 1879 that all Jews were "parasites" and "leeches", an "alien drop in our blood" and stated that battle between Germans vs. Jews was one of "race against race", as the Jews were "a nation unto themselves" with nothing in common with Germans, but instead were linked to the other Jewish communities
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Through Stoecker advocated social reforms, the main emphasis of the CSP was on winning workers over to loyalty to "the throne and altar", as Stoecker argued that misery of the workers was caused by a materialistic, atheist world view that had torn the working class from its proper reverence for God
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In 1884, Stoecker sued a Jewish newspaper publisher, Heinrich Bäcker for libel after the latter had run an article, "Court Chaplain, Reichstag Candidate and Liar". Because Stoecker was a court chaplain, Bäcker was prosecuted by the Prussian state for libelling a public official but he waged such a
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s men and women who felt it was unfair and unjust that the traditionally-despised Jews were getting ahead both socially and economically while they were falling behind. Jews were seen as outsiders in Imperial Germany, and the socio-economic success of the Jews seemed to be turning the traditional
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Traditionally, for over 1000 years, Jews were despised social outcasts, a people living in poverty and seen as accursed forever, and Jewish emancipation in Prussia in 1869 had been followed by the rise of a number of poor Jewish families to the middle class. At the same time that Jews were joining
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By 1885, Emperor Wilhelm, though an anti-Semite himself, had wanted to fire Stoecker, who had become a liability to the monarchy after the Bäcker libel case but kept him only after his grandson, Prince Wilhelm (the future Wilhelm II) had written him a letter on 5 August 1885 praising Stoecker and
1838:
that there was an ancient Aryan master race responsible for everything good in the world, of which the modern Germans were the best representatives, but Stoecker rejected Gobineau's conclusion that the Aryan race was doomed. Stoecker seems to have regarded Jews as both a race and a religion as he
1812:
Though Stoecker professed to be motivated only by "Christian love", he always blamed anti-Semitism on the Jews and stated in a speech: "Already a hatred for the Jews—which the Evangelical Church resists—begins to blaze up here and there. If modern Judaism continues, as it thus far has, to use the
1984:
In 1888, when the Emperor Wilhelm died, Frederick succeeded to the throne, but as he was already dying of throat cancer, he did not dismiss Stocker as he had promised. Bismarck threatened to resign if Stoecker were dismissed, but Frederick ordered that Stoecker was to avoid speaking on political
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s capital city was in danger of being de-Christanized and de-Germanized. Christianity was dead as a public force; with it went loyalty to the King and love of the Fatherland. It seemed as if the great war had been fought so that Judaism could rule in Berlin.... It was like the end of the world.
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In 1883, Stoecker attended a conference of evangelical Protestants in London, where the Lord Mayor forbade the "second Luther" from speaking at the Mansion House under the grounds his speech was going to be a threat to public order. When Stoecker spoke at an alternative venue, Social Democratic
1808:
was being ignored because of the "lousy press". Stoecker's speeches usually consisted of reading various out-of-context statements from Social Democratic newspapers, to be followed by statements like "Gentleman, that was a wish for murder!", "Gentleman that was truly murder!", or "That was mass
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in 1870, where he argued that Prussia's victories over France were the doing of God, and in 1874, Emperor Wilhelm I, who had been moved by Stoecker's sermons, had him appointed court chaplain in Berlin. Stoecker's position as a court chaplain gave him more power and prominence than his title of
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sessions. As Stoecker was repeatedly challenged by Bäcker's lawyers about various lies that he had told and contradictory statements that he had made over the years, Stoecker was put on the defensive more and more as he attempted to explain that he did not mean what he had said or he could not
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dominated Prussian society. Stoecker was not a Junker, but he always had the most profound admiration for them. The purpose of the CSP was to win over the working classes to a Christian conservatism in which ordinary people would learn to accept that God had created an ordered society with the
1747:
Stoecker followed his speech by presenting a former tailor who had been imprisoned for fraud, Emil GrĂĽneberg, whom Stoecker had met while he was in prison, who proceeded to give a violently anti-Socialist speech. The American historian Harold Green commented that Stoecker associating with a
1972:, twisting and corrupting everything, has the cheek to attack such men, and in the most shameless, insolent way to seek their downfall"." Impressed with his grandson's arguments, the Emperor kept Stoecker on. In November 1887, at a Christian Social event at the house of Field Marshal
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The British-born Crown Princess Victoria in a public letter said that Stoecker belonged in a lunatic asylum because everything he had to say reflected an unbalanced mind. Victoria wrote that she was ashamed of her adopted country as men like Stoecker and Treitschke "behave so
1825:
Though Stoecker was very vague about the exact solution to the "Jewish Question" he wanted, in one of his pamphlets, he wrote "the ancient contradiction between Aryans and the Semites... can only end with the extermination of one of them" and it was the responsibility of "the
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unless he were to sack Stoecker. It was to win the support of the National Liberals, not objections to Stoecker's anti-Semitism, that caused Wilhelm II to dismiss Stoecker as court chaplain in 1890. The Christian Social Party failed, as many of the younger and more radical
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disreputable individual like GrĂĽneberg, a swindler and blackmailer showed the "demagogic and unsavory" character of Stoecker, who for his all self-righteousness often associated with disreputable people. Much to Stoecker's fury, a group of Social Democrats, led by
1756:, brought the first of the Anti-Socialist Laws later in 1878 with the aim of crushing the SPD, and Stoecker's foray into politics was secretly supported by the government, which hoped that Stoecker might be able to win the working class from the Social Democrats.
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pastor would indicate, as everything Stoecker said was seen as expressing the opinion of Wilhelm. As early as 1875, Stoecker began to attack Jews in racial terms in his sermons. As a good Lutheran, Stoecker was impressed with Martin Luther's 1543 book
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Junkers on top, and that to challenge the ordered society was to challenge God. Stoecker believed that the capitalist system alienated workers from the proper, God-intended course, and what was needed were social reforms to hold off revolution.
1976:, Prince Wilhelm stood next to Stoecker, praised him as the "second Luther", declared his support for the CSP as bringing about the spiritual regeneration of Germany and urged men to vote for the CSP.
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remember saying what he had said, making him appear dishonest and shifty. Stoecker's reputation was so badly damaged that despite the fact it was Bäcker who was on trial, the judge, in a revealing
1795:, as he explained that the "Jewish Press" and "Jewish capital" caused all their problems. Typical of the sense of victimization that Stoecker encouraged was a speech from 1879 where he declared:
1929:. Stoecker was condemned most forcefully by Frederich, the Crown Prince of Prussia and his British-born wife Victoria. In 1882, Wilhelm agreed to receive Stoecker and other leaders of the
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for you and your power from the Jewish Progressives and Social Democrats in Berlin!...O dear Grandpa, it is disgusting to observe how in our Christian-German, good Prussian land, the
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emigres showed up to disturb the speech, forcing Stoecker to flee from the stage and to sneak out via the backdoor, behavior that led many to condemn the "second Luther" as a coward.
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1859:"I found Berlin in the hands of the Progressives—who were hostile to the Church—and the Social Democrats—who were hostile to God; Judaism ruled in both parties. The
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Trosclair, Wade James, "Alfred von Waldersee, monarchist: his private life, public image, and the limits of his ambition, 1882–1891" (LSU Theses #2782 2012)
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After his ordination as a minister, Stoecker joined the Prussian Army as a chaplain. Stoecker came to national attention after delivering a sermon after the
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which has broken all bounds of decency in Berlin, but which seems to flourish under the protection of court clerics".
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had gone into decline, and Stoecker's anti-Semitic speeches appealed to what he called the "little people", as the
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media was controlled by rich Jewish capitalists who disliked people like them and that the economic decline of the
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activists rejected Christianity and wanted to bring back the worship of the old gods) and too deferential to the
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rather than the propertyless Jews... who had nothing to lose and therefore joined every opposition movement".
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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Sensationalizing the Jewish Question: Anti-Semitic Trials and the Press in the Early German Empire
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would fire Stoecker as court chaplain, leading to enthusiastic cheers from the audience.
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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Telman, Jeffrey "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian Mission" pp. 93–112 from
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In another speech, Stoecker linked his Christian work with his political work, saying:
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D. A. Jeremy Telman (1995). "Adolf Stoecker: Anti-Semite with a Christian mission".
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In 1882, Stoecker attended the world's first anti-Semitic international congress in
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Collection of Pamphlets by and about Adolf Stoecker, and Antisemitism in Prussia
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Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1
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movement, Stoecker was deeply influenced by the claim of the French writer
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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The Kaiser and his court : Wilhelm II and the government of Germany
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The Kaiser and his court : Wilhelm II and the government of Germany
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
2442:
Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
2424:
Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
2402:
The Kaiser and his court : Wilhelm II and the government of Germany
2327:
The Kaiser and his court : Wilhelm II and the government of Germany
2268:
Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
2223:
Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
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Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
2096:
Green Harold "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue" pp. 106–129 from
419:
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2259:, Volume 1 edited by Richard Levy, Santa Monica: ABC-Clio, 2005 p. 526.
2140:, Volume 1 edited by Richard Levy, Santa Monica: ABC-Clio, 2005 p. 525.
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2257:
Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution
2138:
Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution
2675:
Harold M. Green (2003). "Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue".
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1864:
Unrighteousness had won the upper hand; love had turned cold".
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social order upside down just as at the same moment that many
2255:
Levy, Richard "Our Demands on Modern Jewry" pp. 525–526 from
2136:
Levy, Richard "Our Demands on Modern Jewry" pp. 525–526 from
2340:
The Murderous Paradise: German Nationalism and the Holocaust
2241:
The Murderous Paradise: German Nationalism and the Holocaust
1479:
410:
271:
37:(December 11, 1835 – February 2, 1909) was a German court
2610:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 pp. 201–202
2329:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 197.
2665:
2597:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 p. 200.
2404:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 p. 198.
2688:
Richard Levy (2005). "Our Demands on Modern Jewry".
2342:, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001 p. 163.
2243:, Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001 p. 160.
1998:
found Stoecker too tame, too Christian (some of the
2696:
1869:
Opposition from the Crown Prince and Crown Princess
2820:Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire
2815:Members of the 11th Reichstag of the German Empire
2810:Members of the 10th Reichstag of the German Empire
2156:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 pp. 95 & 109.
1902:In 1880, Stoecker attacked the Chancellor, Prince
2805:Members of the 8th Reichstag of the German Empire
2800:Members of the 7th Reichstag of the German Empire
2795:Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire
2790:Members of the 5th Reichstag of the German Empire
2825:Members of the Prussian House of Representatives
2746:
2674:
2485:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 pp. 113–114.
2272:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 pp. 110–111.
1933:, which as an enthusiastic Stoecker reported:
1822:around the world as "one mass of exploiters".
1707:
2785:Christian Social Party (Germany) politicians
2687:
2006:, and some of the Christian Socials, led by
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2010:, broke away because of his anti-Semitism.
45:, a politician, leading antisemite, and a
2626:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 116.
2503:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 114.
2472:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 113.
2446:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 112.
2428:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 115.
2227:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 111.
2211:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 110.
2191:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 109.
2116:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 123.
2100:, Volume 31, Issue # 1, March 2003 p. 108.
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2355:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 pp. 96.
2316:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 105.
2303:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 104.
2290:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 101.
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2770:Politicians from the Province of Saxony
2652:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 98.
2384:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 97.
2368:, Volume 9, Issue # 2. Fall 1995 p. 96.
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813:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
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1847:In another speech, Stoecker stated:
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803:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
13:
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1945:
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19:For the Swiss Olympic fencer, see
14:
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1263:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
843:Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man
2568:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 pp. 76–77.
2542:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 pp. 73–74.
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1509:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1335:German National People's Party
793:Addresses to the German Nation
56:to lure members away from the
1:
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1596:Criticism of multiculturalism
1374:Bibliothek des Konservatismus
63:
16:German politician (1835–1909)
2581:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 p. 76.
2555:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 p. 74.
2529:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 p. 73.
2516:, Leiden: Brill, 2005 p. 72.
893:The Concept of the Political
7:
2830:German Christian socialists
2029:Evangelical Social Congress
2017:
1979:
1591:Conservatism in Switzerland
1383:Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung
1278:Ecological Democratic Party
10:
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1628:Philosophical anthropology
1443:Studienzentrum Weikersheim
1424:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1417:Institut fĂĽr Staatspolitik
91:On the Jews and their Lies
18:
2692:. Santa Monica: ABC-Clio.
1410:Hans Filbinger Foundation
1390:Forum of German Catholics
1327:German Conservative Party
863:Prussianism and Socialism
2577:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
2564:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
2551:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
2538:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
2525:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
2512:Hartston, Barnet Peretz
1618:Pan-European nationalism
953:Germany Abolishes Itself
105:This article is part of
2850:Antisemitism in Germany
2765:People from Halberstadt
1898:The Bleichröder affair
1879:Heinrich von Treitschke
1676:Conservatism portal
1586:Conservatism in Austria
1527:SĂĽddeutsche Monatshefte
1405:Hanns Seidel Foundation
1395:Gerhard Löwenthal Prize
1319:Free Conservative Party
1306:Bavarian People's Party
1286:Family Party of Germany
1239:Alternative for Germany
853:The Decline of the West
116:Conservatism in Germany
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1908:Gerson von Bleichröder
1877:leader, the historian
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1647:Theory of generations
1613:Liberalism in Germany
1400:German Burschenschaft
1351:German People's Party
649:Moeller van den Bruck
390:Social market economy
68:Stoecker was born in
29:
1974:Alfred von Waldersee
1839:stated in a speech:
943:Moral und Hypermoral
923:Fascism in Its Epoch
903:On the Marble Cliffs
492:German reunification
472:German Confederation
2835:Lutheran socialists
2624:Politics and Policy
2501:Politics and Policy
2483:Politics and Policy
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1436:Queen Louise League
1247:BĂĽndnis Deutschland
873:Ideology and Utopia
445:Anti-Socialist Laws
145:Christian democracy
2845:Lutheran chaplains
2711:10.1007/BF01668991
1836:Arthur de Gobineau
1688:Germany portal
1640:Stahlhelm-Fraktion
1576:European New Right
1504:Deutsche Rundschau
1314:Conservative Party
614:JĂĽnger (Friedrich)
366:Political theology
78:Kingdom of Prussia
74:Province of Saxony
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2008:Friedrich Naumann
1994:leaders from the
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1815:Völkisch movement
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913:The Questionnaire
521:Völkisch movement
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2015:
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1958:Freudian slip
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1623:Pan-Germanism
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1366:Organizations
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749:Strauss (Leo)
747:
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533:Intellectuals
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485:German Empire
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329:In Treue fest
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308:Germanisation
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220:Revolutionary
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197:
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191:Paternalistic
189:
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161:
160:Ritter School
158:
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138:
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131:
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126:
122:
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95:
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86:
85:Siege of Metz
81:
79:
75:
71:
61:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
22:
21:Adolf Stocker
2702:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2667:
2649:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2607:
2602:
2594:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2482:
2477:
2469:
2443:
2425:
2401:
2381:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2269:
2264:
2256:
2240:
2224:
2208:
2188:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2137:
2113:
2097:
2055:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1952:
1949:
1940:
1936:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1911:
1901:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1860:
1858:
1854:
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1846:
1842:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1783:Mittelstand'
1782:
1778:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1654:Ăśberfremdung
1600:
1568:
1519:Kreuzzeitung
1428:
1343:German Party
1299:
1298:
1273:Centre Party
1233:
1129:
1105:von Radowitz
1048:von Bismarck
979:Commentators
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
857:(1918, 1922)
851:
841:
831:
823:Degeneration
821:
811:
801:
791:
539:Benedict XVI
478:
455:
440:20 July plot
404:Subsidiarity
378:Sittlichkeit
300:
295:Gemeinschaft
294:
208:Cameralistic
177:
89:
82:
67:
34:
33:
2760:1909 deaths
2755:1835 births
2606:Röhl, John
2593:Röhl, John
2400:Röhl, John
2325:Röhl, John
1996:Mittelstand
1920:Mittelstand
1828:Germanentum
1806:Mittelstand
1793:mittelstand
1788:Mittelstand
1779:Mittelstand
1771:Mittelstand
1767:Mittelstand
1750:Johann Most
1633:Remigration
1213:Wackenroder
1198:von Savigny
1183:Böckenförde
1155:von Westarp
1058:von Gerlach
1032:Politicians
704:von Salomon
506:The Junkers
345:Medievalism
322:Imperialism
287:Meritocracy
282:Aristocracy
232:Romanticism
203:Prussianism
186:Neue Rechte
172:Nationalist
70:Halberstadt
2749:Categories
2035:References
1912:status quo
1883:Judenhetze
1532:Der TĂĽrmer
1188:von Gierke
1160:Wilhelm II
1135:von Storch
1120:Stresemann
1110:Rauschning
1053:Fehrenbach
985:Kubitschek
786:Literature
734:Sloterdijk
420:Volksgeist
361:Patriotism
355:Organicism
350:Monarchism
302:Geopolitik
256:Principles
167:Monarchism
134:Ideologies
64:Early life
50:theologian
2719:162391831
1987:Reichstag
1970:Judenthum
1953:Reichstag
1891:hatefully
1522:(Defunct)
1475:(Defunct)
1125:vom Stein
1095:von Papen
1069:Hugenberg
1064:Goerdeler
995:Safranski
754:Steinbuch
679:von Ranke
624:Koselleck
589:Heidegger
559:von Galen
465:Freikorps
456:Erklärung
397:Sonderweg
262:Authority
213:Socialist
76:, in the
2018:See also
2000:völkisch
1992:völkisch
1980:Downfall
1875:völkisch
1832:völkisch
1546:Die Welt
1130:Stoecker
1043:Ancillon
1038:Adenauer
1020:WeiĂźmann
1000:Sarrazin
769:Voegelin
744:Spengler
739:Spaemann
729:Sieferle
719:Schlegel
714:Schelsky
674:Plessner
569:Gogarten
178:Völkisch
140:Agrarian
107:a series
47:Lutheran
39:chaplain
2004:Junkers
1927:Dresden
1819:Landtag
1729:Junkers
1499:COMPACT
1472:Antaios
1300:Defunct
1230:Parties
1218:Wagener
1203:Schmitt
1177:Jurists
1145:Wagener
1140:Strauss
1015:StĂĽrmer
759:Tönnies
724:Schmitt
709:Scheler
664:Novalis
554:Gadamer
477:German
434:History
277:Elitism
150:Liberal
2727:online
2717:
1861:Reich'
1494:Cicero
1430:PEGIDA
1338:(DNVP)
1234:Active
1165:Winnig
1150:Weidel
1078:
1062:
967:(2017)
957:(2010)
947:(1969)
937:(1966)
927:(1963)
917:(1951)
907:(1939)
897:(1932)
887:(1931)
877:(1929)
867:(1919)
847:(1918)
837:(1913)
827:(1892)
817:(1837)
807:(1820)
797:(1806)
699:RĂĽstow
669:Pieper
654:MĂĽller
634:Löwith
629:Lorenz
619:Klages
594:Herder
579:Hamann
574:Görres
564:Gehlen
549:Freyer
544:BlĂĽher
359:
338:Kultur
315:Heimat
2715:S2CID
1466:Media
1354:(DVP)
1330:(DkP)
1322:(FKP)
1309:(BVP)
1294:(REP)
1281:(Ă–DP)
1266:(CSU)
1258:(CDU)
1242:(AFD)
1208:Stahl
1193:Möser
1100:Petry
1005:Stein
774:Weber
694:Röpke
659:Nolte
639:LĂĽbbe
604:Hoppe
584:Hegel
479:Reich
225:Young
1487:Cato
1480:Bild
1346:(DP)
1250:(BD)
1090:Merz
1085:Krah
1080:Kohl
1074:Jung
990:Kuby
933:Envy
644:Mann
458:2018
411:Volk
272:Duty
155:Ordo
2707:doi
41:to
2751::
2713:.
2701:.
2681:31
2679:.
2615:^
2586:^
2490:^
2451:^
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2232:^
2216:^
2196:^
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2121:^
2105:^
2063:^
2043:^
1922:.
109:on
72:,
60:.
2721:.
2709::
2703:9
1715:e
1708:t
1701:v
23:.
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