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receive the message while in a mental state of absorbing information from advertisements during television commercial breaks, while reading a periodical, or while passing by billboards in public spaces. A prime example of this messaging technique is advertising campaigns to promote international travel. While advertising foreign destinations and services may stem from the typical goal of increasing revenue by drawing more tourism, some travel campaigns carry the additional or alternative intended purpose of promoting good sentiments or improving existing ones among the target audience towards a given nation or region. It is common for advertising promoting foreign countries to be produced and distributed by the tourism ministries of those countries, so these ads often carry political statements and/or depictions of the foreign government's
1833:, however, advertisers often lease space directly on domain names that generically describe their products. When an Internet user visits a website by typing a domain name directly into their web browser, this is known as "direct navigation", or "type in" web traffic. Although many Internet users search for ideas and products using search engines and mobile phones, a large number of users around the world still use the address bar. They will type a keyword into the address bar such as "geraniums" and add ".com" to the end of it. Sometimes they will do the same with ".org" or a country-code Top Level Domain (TLD such as ".co.uk" for the United Kingdom or ".ca" for Canada). When Internet users type in a generic keyword and add .com or another
2369:, and email advertisements (all of which are often unwanted or spam in the case of email) are now commonplace. Particularly since the rise of "entertaining" advertising, some people may like an advertisement enough to wish to watch it later or show a friend. In general, the advertising community has not yet made this easy, although some have used the Internet to widely distribute their ads to anyone willing to see or hear them. In the last three quarters of 2009, mobile and Internet advertising grew by 18% and 9% respectively, while older media advertising saw declines: −10.1% (TV), −11.7% (radio), −14.8% (magazines) and −18.7% (newspapers). Between 2008 and 2014, U.S. newspapers lost more than half their print advertising revenue.
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867:, Barratt introduced many of the crucial ideas that lie behind successful advertising and these were widely circulated in his day. He constantly stressed the importance of a strong and exclusive brand image for Pears and of emphasizing the product's availability through saturation campaigns. He also understood the importance of constantly reevaluating the market for changing tastes and mores, stating in 1907 that "tastes change, fashions change, and the advertiser has to change with them. An idea that was effective a generation ago would fall flat, stale, and unprofitable if presented to the public today. Not that the idea of today is always better than the older idea, but it is different – it hits the present taste."
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2032:, also known as hoardings in some parts of the world, are large structures located in public places which display advertisements to passing pedestrians and motorists. Most often, they are located on main roads with a large amount of passing motor and pedestrian traffic; however, they can be placed in any location with large numbers of viewers, such as on mass transit vehicles and in stations, in shopping malls or office buildings, and in stadiums. The form known as street advertising first came to prominence in the UK by Street Advertising Services to create outdoor advertising on street furniture and pavements. Working with products such as
3091:, and slogans must be interpreted by the audience or consumer. The "key to advertising analysis" is the signifier and the signified. The signifier is the object and the signified is the mental concept. A product has a signifier and a signified. The signifier is the color, brand name, logo design, and technology. The signified has two meanings known as denotative and connotative. The denotative meaning is the meaning of the product. A television's denotative meaning might be that it is high definition. The connotative meaning is the product's deep and hidden meaning. A connotative meaning of a television would be that it is top-of-the-line.
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proper nutritional education to help children understand the consequences of their food choices. Additionally, children may not understand that they are being sold something, and are therefore more impressionable. Michelle Obama has criticized large food companies for advertising unhealthy foods largely towards children and has requested that food companies either limit their advertising to children or advertise foods that are more in line with dietary guidelines. The other criticisms include the change that are brought by those advertisements on the society and also the deceiving ads that are aired and published by the corporations.
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women's aspiration to these ideal types as portrayed in film, in erotic art, in advertising, on stage, within music videos and through other media exposures requires at least a conditioned rejection of female reality and thereby takes on a highly ideological cast. Studies show that these expectations of women and young girls negatively affect their views about their bodies and appearances. These advertisements are directed towards men. Not everyone agrees: one critic viewed this monologic, gender-specific interpretation of advertising as excessively skewed and politicized. There are some companies like
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actual ad – the copy, layout, and artwork – was still prepared by the company wishing to advertise; in effect, Palmer was a space broker. The situation changed when the first full-service advertising agency of N.W. Ayer & Son was founded in 1869 in
Philadelphia. Ayer & Son offered to plan, create, and execute complete advertising campaigns for its customers. By 1900 the advertising agency had become the focal point of creative planning, and advertising was firmly established as a profession. Around the same time, in France,
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2735:. Advertising is increasingly invading public spaces, such as schools, which some critics argue is a form of child exploitation. This increasing difficulty in limiting exposure to specific audiences can result in negative backlash for advertisers. In tandem with these criticisms, the advertising industry has seen low approval rates in surveys and negative cultural portrayals. A 2021 study found that for more than 80% of brands, advertising had a negative return on investment. Unsolicited ads have been criticized as
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2053:, and others employing spotlights. Some billboard displays are static, while others change; for example, continuously or periodically rotating among a set of advertisements. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including: target advertising, one-day and long-term campaigns, conventions, sporting events, store openings and similar promotional events, and big advertisements from smaller companies.
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4448:(1976), pp. 68–59. "Widespread within the socially oriented literature of business in the twenties and thirties is a notion of educating people into an acceptance of the products and aesthetics of a mass-produced culture. ... Beyond this, and perhaps more important to the consciousness of many, were the indigenous networks of social structure which generated mistrust or open opposition to corporate monopolization of culture."
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2802:, such as the display of billboards, are regulated by the UK Town and County Planning system. The display of an advertisement without consent from the Planning Authority is a criminal offense liable to a fine of £2,500 per offense. In the US, where some communities believe that outdoor advertising are a blight on landscapes, attempts to ban billboard advertising in the open countryside occurred in the 1960s, leading to the
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3176:, which could have an effect on how they interpret advertising. According to this study, men prefer to have available and apparent cues to interpret the message, whereas females engage in more creative, associative, imagery-laced interpretation. Later research by a Danish team found that advertising attempts to persuade men to improve their appearance or performance, whereas its approach to women aims at
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1484:(ads with design elements sold by size) vs. classified advertising (ads without design elements sold by the word or line). Advertising may be local, national or global. An ad campaign may be directed toward consumers or to businesses. The purpose of an ad may be to raise awareness (brand advertising), or to elicit an immediate sale (direct response advertising). The term
522:", which associates a product name or image with certain qualities in the minds of consumers. On the other hand, ads that intend to elicit an immediate sale are known as direct-response advertising. Non-commercial entities that advertise more than consumer products or services include political parties, interest groups, religious organizations, and governmental agencies.
4237:(1976), p. 34. "While agreeing that 'human nature is more difficult to control than material nature,' ad men spoke in specific terms of 'human instincts' which if properly understood could induce people 'to buy a given product if it was scientifically presented. If advertising copy appealed to the right instincts, the urge to buy would surely be excited'."
4224:(1976), p. 33. "As Ford's massive assembly line utilized 'extensive single-purpose machinery' to produce automobiles inexpensively and at a rate that dwarfed traditional methods, the costly machinery of advertising that Coolidge had described set out to produce consumers, likewise inexpensively and at a rate that dwarfed traditional methods."
3083:. Semiotics aims to study and interpret the message being conveyed in (for example) advertisements. Logos and advertisements can be interpreted at two levels – known as the surface level and the underlying level. The surface level uses signs creatively to create an image or personality for a product. These signs can be images, words, fonts,
1259:. Advertising spending as a share of GDP was about 2.9 percent. By 1998, television and radio had become major advertising media; by 2017, the balance between broadcast and online advertising had shifted, with online spending exceeding broadcast. Nonetheless, advertising spending as a share of GDP was slightly lower – about 2.4 percent.
2207:". Spam has been a problem for e-mail users since 1978. As new online communication channels became available, advertising followed. The first banner ad appeared on the World Wide Web in 1994. Prices of Web-based advertising space are dependent on the "relevance" of the surrounding web content and the traffic that the website receives.
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products or wear clothes by specific brands or designers. Celebrities are often involved in advertising campaigns such as television or print adverts to advertise specific or general products. The use of celebrities to endorse a brand can have its downsides, however; one mistake by a celebrity can be detrimental to the
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prefer happy ads when they are feeling happy. The television programs in which ads are embedded influence a viewer's mood state. Susan
Wojcicki, author of the article "Ads that Empower Women don't just Break Stereotypes—They're also Effective" discusses how advertising to women has changed since the first
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The advertising of pricing information is another topic of concern for governments. In the United States for instance, it is common for businesses to only mention the existence and amount of applicable taxes at a later stage of a transaction. In Canada and New
Zealand, taxes can be listed as separate
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be helped by bringing the issue of color into advertisements. Different colors play major roles when it comes to marketing strategies, for example, seeing the blue can promote a sense of calmness and gives a sense of security which is why many social networks such as
Facebook use blue in their logos.
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advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising
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may be inserted into regular programming through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience. Virtual billboards may be inserted into the background where none exist in real-life.
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game in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising event on television – with an audience of over 108 million and studies showing that 50% of those only tuned in to see the advertisements. During the 2014 edition of this game, the average thirty-second ad cost US$ 4 million, and $ 8
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In the United States, newspapers grew quickly in the first few decades of the 19th century, in part due to advertising. By 1822, the United States had more newspaper readers than any other country. About half of the content of these newspapers consisted of advertising, usually local advertising, with
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is an example of niche marketing. Google calculates the primary purpose of a website and adjusts ads accordingly; it uses keywords on the page (or even in emails) to find the general ideas of topics disused and places ads that will most likely be clicked on by viewers of the email account or website
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menus. These advertisements are targeted to a specific group and can be viewed by anyone wishing to find out more about a particular business or practice, from their home. This causes the viewer to become proactive and actually choose what advertisements they want to view. Niche marketing could also
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In-store advertising is any advertisement placed in a retail store. It includes placement of a product in visible locations in a store, such as at eye level, at the ends of aisles and near checkout counters (a.k.a. POP – point of purchase display), eye-catching displays promoting a specific product,
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are generally vehicle mounted billboards or digital screens. These can be on dedicated vehicles built solely for carrying advertisements along routes preselected by clients, they can also be specially equipped cargo trucks or, in some cases, large banners strewn from planes. The billboards are often
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involves unusual approaches such as staged encounters in public places, giveaways of products such as cars that are covered with brand messages, and interactive advertising where the viewer can respond to become part of the advertising message. This type of advertising is unpredictable, which causes
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is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to present a product or service in terms of utility, advantages and qualities of interest to consumers. It is typically used to promote a specific good or service, but there are a wide range of uses,
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Foreign governments, particularly those that own marketable commercial products or services, often promote their interests and positions through the advertising of those goods because the target audience is not only largely unaware of the forum as a vehicle for foreign messaging but also willing to
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The rise of mass media communications allowed manufacturers of branded goods to bypass retailers by advertising directly to consumers. This was a major paradigm shift which forced manufacturers to focus on the brand and stimulated the need for superior insights into consumer purchasing, consumption
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p.55 quotation: "... from the early days advertising has been intimately intertwined with tobacco. The man who is sometimes considered the founder of modern advertising and
Madison Avenue, Edward Bernays, created many of the major cigarette campaigns of the 1920s, including having women march
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toward an impossible ideal of female presentation. In Paul
Suggett's article "The Objectification of Women in Advertising" he discusses the negative impact that these women in advertisements, who are too perfect to be real, have on women, as well as men, in real life. Advertising's manipulation of
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of a person that was the age of Apple's target market. They placed the silhouette in front of a blue screen so that the picture behind the silhouette could be constantly changing. However, the one thing that stays the same in these ads is that there is music in the background and the silhouette is
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Pre-testing includes a wide range of qualitative and quantitative techniques, including: focus groups, in-depth target audience interviews (one-on-one interviews), small-scale quantitative studies and physiological measurement. The goal of these investigations is to better understand how different
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audience possible. However, usage tracking, customer profiles and the growing popularity of niche content brought about by everything from blogs to social networking sites, provide advertisers with audiences that are smaller but much better defined, leading to ads that are more relevant to viewers
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general principle, that men are very largely actuated by motives which they conceal from themselves, is as true of mass as of individual psychology. It is evident that the successful propagandist must understand the true motives and not be content to accept the reasons which men give for what they
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and the formula was soon copied by all titles. Around 1840, Volney B. Palmer established the roots of the modern day advertising agency in
Philadelphia. In 1842 Palmer bought large amounts of space in various newspapers at a discounted rate then resold the space at higher rates to advertisers. The
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J. Henry Smythe, Jr – "the world's best known slogan writer... compiled and edited "The
Amazing Benjamin Franklin," published in 1929 ... approved by the American Library Association. ... Over forty official contributions ... Each paid tribute to some special "side" of Franklin ... "Franklin, the
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Post-testing employs many of the same techniques as pre-testing, usually with a focus on understanding the change in awareness or attitude attributable to the advertisement. With the emergence of digital advertising technologies, many firms have begun to continuously post-test ads using real-time
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Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to inform the consumers about their product and convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, enhance the image of the company, point out and
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Print advertising describes advertising in a printed medium such as a newspaper, magazine, or trade journal. This encompasses everything from media with a very broad readership base, such as a major national newspaper or magazine, to more narrowly targeted media such as local newspapers and trade
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and allow advertising companies to place ads on their sites in return for per-click payments. These ads are typically driven by pay per click search engines like Google or Yahoo, but ads can sometimes be placed directly on targeted domain names through a domain lease or by making contact with the
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At the turn of the 20th century, advertising was one of the few career choices for women. Since women were responsible for most household purchasing done, advertisers and agencies recognized the value of women's insight during the creative process. In fact, the first
American advertising to use a
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More recent research by Martin (2003) reveals that males and females differ in how they react to advertising depending on their mood at the time of exposure to the ads and on the affective tone of the advertising. When feeling sad, males prefer happy ads to boost their mood. In contrast, females
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The advertising industries within some countries rely less on laws and more on systems of self-regulation. Advertisers and the media agree on a code of advertising standards that they attempt to uphold. The general aim of such codes is to ensure that any advertising is 'legal, decent, honest and
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has become popular with bachelor, master and doctorate degrees becoming available in the emphasis. A surge in advertising interest is typically attributed to the strong relationship advertising plays in cultural and technological changes, such as the advance of online social networking. A unique
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In the 18th century, advertisements started to appear in weekly newspapers in
England. These early print advertisements were used mainly to promote books and newspapers, which became increasingly affordable with advances in the printing press; and medicines, which were increasingly sought after.
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One of the most controversial criticisms of advertisement in the present day is that of the predominance of advertising of foods high in sugar, fat, and salt specifically to children. Critics claim that food advertisements targeting children are exploitive and are not sufficiently balanced with
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in the creative process, maximizing local effectiveness of ads, and increasing the company's speed of implementation. Born from the evolutionary stages of global marketing are the three primary and fundamentally different approaches to the development of global advertising executions: exporting
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held a similar competition for their Tahoe line of SUVs. Due to the success of the Doritos user-generated ads in the 2007 Super Bowl, Frito-Lays relaunched the competition for the 2009 and 2010 Super Bowl. The resulting ads were among the most-watched and most-liked Super Bowl ads. In fact, the
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contributed applied psychological theory to the field of advertising. Scott said, "Man has been called the reasoning animal but he could with greater truthfulness be called the creature of suggestion. He is reasonable, but he is to a greater extent suggestible". He demonstrated this through his
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company, Barratt created an effective advertising campaign for the company products, which involved the use of targeted slogans, images and phrases. One of his slogans, "Good morning. Have you used Pears' soap?" was famous in its day and into the 20th century. In 1882, Barratt recruited English
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claims-objective and subjective. Objective claims stem from the extent to which the claim associates the brand with a tangible product or service feature. For instance, a camera may have auto-focus features. Subjective claims convey emotional, subjective, impressions of intangible aspects of a
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In online display advertising, display ads generate awareness quickly. Unlike search, which requires someone to be aware of a need, display advertising can drive awareness of something new and without previous knowledge. Display works well for direct response. The display is not only used for
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Advertising in which a celebrity endorses a product or brand leverages celebrity power, fame, money, and popularity to gain recognition for their products or to promote specific stores' or products. Advertisers often advertise their products, for example, when celebrities share their favorite
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Sales promotions are another way to advertise. Sales promotions are double purposed because they are used to gather information about what type of customers one draws in and where they are, and to jump start sales. Sales promotions include things like contests and games, sweepstakes, product
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began the modern practice of selling advertisement time to multiple sponsors. Previously, DuMont had trouble finding sponsors for many of their programs and compensated by selling smaller blocks of advertising time to several businesses. This eventually became the standard for the commercial
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As a result of massive industrialization, advertising increased dramatically in the United States. In 1919 it was 2.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in the US, and it averaged 2.2 percent of GDP between then and at least 2007, though it may have declined dramatically since the Great
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In Europe, as the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general population was unable to read, instead of signs that read "cobbler", "miller", "tailor", or "blacksmith", images associated with their trade would be used such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a
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commercial, where a little girl tells the doll that, she wants to be just like her. Little girls grow up watching advertisements of scantily clad women advertising things from trucks to burgers and Wojcicki states that this shows girls that they are either arm candy or eye candy.
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Some governments restrict the languages that can be used in advertisements, but advertisers may employ tricks to try avoiding them. In France for instance, advertisers sometimes print English words in bold and French translations in fine print to deal with Article 120 of the 1994
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1987:, which allows private individuals or companies to purchase a small, narrowly targeted ad paid by the word or line. Another form of print advertising is the display ad, which is generally a larger ad with design elements that typically run in an article section of a newspaper.
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such as schools, clubs and civic groups who also set up their own stations. Retailer and consumer goods manufacturers quickly recognized radio's potential to reach consumers in their home and soon adopted advertising techniques that would allow their messages to stand out;
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In other words, selling products by appealing to the rational minds of customers (the main method used prior to Bernays) was much less effective than selling products based on the unconscious desires that Bernays felt were the true motivators of human action.
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Advertising research is a specialized form of research that works to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of advertising. It entails numerous forms of research which employ different methodologies. Advertising research includes pre-testing (also known as
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980:. This contributed to the development of mass marketing designed to influence the population's economic behavior on a larger scale. In the 1910s and 1920s, advertisers in the U.S. adopted the doctrine that human instincts could be targeted and harnessed – "
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a box", which is considered to be the world's first advertising slogan. The Beechams adverts would appear in newspapers all over the world, helping the company become a global brand. The phrase was said to be uttered by a satisfied lady purchaser from
1155:. In some instances the sponsors exercised great control over the content of the show – up to and including having one's advertising agency actually writing the show. The single sponsor model is much less prevalent now, a notable exception being the
682:. Wall or rock painting for commercial advertising is another manifestation of an ancient advertising form, which is present to this day in many parts of Asia, Africa, and South America. The tradition of wall painting can be traced back to Indian
2188:-driven advertising, using large quantities of data, precise measuring tools and precise targeting. Advanced advertising also makes it easier for companies which sell ad space to attribute customer purchases to the ads they display or broadcast.
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to gather insights into consumer purchasing. Strong branded campaigns for Chrysler and Exxon/Esso, using insights drawn research methods from psychology and cultural anthropology, led to some of the most enduring campaigns of the 20th century.
2590:, continued industry diversification has seen observers note that "big global clients don't need big global agencies any more". This is reflected by the growth of non-traditional agencies in various global markets, such as Canadian business
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are commonly used in advertising. Most voiceovers are done by men, with figures of up to 94% having been reported. There have been more female voiceovers in recent years, but mainly for food, household products, and feminine-care products.
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1016:, the American government promoted advertising. Hoover himself delivered an address to the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World in 1925 called 'Advertising Is a Vital Force in Our National Life." In October 1929, the head of the U.S.
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Karmasin, H., "Ernest Dichter's Studies on Automobile Marketing", in Schwarzkopf, S. and Gries, R. (eds.), Ernest Dichter and Motivation Research: New Perspectives on the Making of Post-war Consumer Culture, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.
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create a need for products or services, demonstrate new uses for established products, announce new products and programs, reinforce the salespeople's individual messages, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers.
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as the top ad for the year while the winning ads that aired in the 2010 Super Bowl were found by Nielsen's BuzzMetrics to be the "most buzzed-about". Another example of companies using crowdsourcing successfully is the beverage company
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advertisements. User-generated ads are created by people, as opposed to an advertising agency or the company themselves, often resulting from brand sponsored advertising competitions. For the 2007 Super Bowl, the Frito-Lays division of
2578:(People's Republic of China). By depicting their destinations, airlines, and other services in a favorable and pleasant light, countries market themselves to populations abroad in a manner that could mitigate prior public impressions.
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listening to that music on a white iPod through white headphones. Through advertising, the white color on a set of earphones now signifies that the music device is an iPod. The white color signifies almost all of Apple's products.
2542:. Additionally, a wide range of foreign airlines and travel-related services which advertise separately from the destinations, themselves, are owned by their respective governments; examples include, though are not limited to, the
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By the 1940s, manufacturers began to recognize the way in which consumers were developing personal relationships with their brands in a social/psychological/anthropological sense. Advertisers began to use motivational research and
2237:, which replaces the need to do any typing of web addresses, and uses the camera feature of modern phones to gain immediate access to web content. 83 percent of Japanese mobile phone users already are active users of 2D barcodes.
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Liu's Fine Needle Shop" and "We buy high-quality steel rods and make fine-quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time" written above and below is considered the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.
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Unpaid advertising (also called "publicity advertising"), can include personal recommendations ("bring a friend", "sell it"), spreading buzz, or achieving the feat of equating a brand with a common noun (in the United States,
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The tobacco companies became major advertisers in order to sell packaged cigarettes. The tobacco companies pioneered the new advertising techniques when they hired Bernays to create positive associations with tobacco smoking.
5339:"Latest Amazing Discovery: The Un-Infomercial : Television: Storymercials cost more to shoot and don't look like infomercials – they look like real shows. The soft-sell approach is more appealing to corporate America"
2787:, which exist in parts of Europe. Advertising regulation focuses heavily on the veracity of the claims and as such, there are often tighter restrictions placed around advertisements for food and healthcare products.
1020:, Julius Klein, stated "Advertising is the key to world prosperity." This was part of the "unparalleled" collaboration between business and government in the 1920s, according to a 1933 European economic journal.
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This trend has given rise to several online platforms that host user-generated advertising competitions on behalf of a company. Founded in 2007, Zooppa has launched ad competitions for brands such as Google,
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Increasingly, other media are overtaking many of the "traditional" media such as television, radio and newspaper because of a shift toward the usage of the Internet for news and music as well as devices like
2096:. Some printers specialize in printing novelty items, which can then be distributed directly by the advertiser, or items may be distributed as part of a cross-promotion, such as ads on fast food containers.
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2044:) in public places on temporary bases. The large outer advertising space aims to exert a strong pull on the observer, the product is promoted indoors, where the creative decor can intensify the impression.
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Petty, R.D., "A History of Brand Identity Protection and Brand Marketing", in The Routledge Companion to Marketing History, D.G. Brian Jones & Mark Tadajewski (eds), Oxon, Routledge, 2016, p. 104
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According to a 1977 study by David Statt, females process information comprehensively, while males process information through heuristic devices such as procedures, methods or strategies for solving
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Advertising may be categorized in a variety of ways, including by style, target audience, geographic scope, medium, or purpose. For example, in print advertising, classification by style can include
693:(11th to 7th centuries BC) of bamboo flutes played to sell confectionery. Advertisement usually takes the form of calligraphic signboards and inked papers. A copper printing plate dated back to the
575:. Advertising's projected distribution for 2017 was 40.4% on TV, 33.3% on digital, 9% on newspapers, 6.9% on magazines, 5.8% on outdoor and 4.3% on radio. Internationally, the largest ("Big Five")
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The model of Clow and Baack clarifies the objectives of an advertising campaign and for each individual advertisement. The model postulates six steps a buyer moves through when making a purchase:
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The share of advertising spending relative to GDP has changed little across large changes in media since 1925. In 1925, the main advertising media in America were newspapers, magazines, signs on
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Before long, radio station owners realized they could increase advertising revenue by selling 'air-time' in small time allocations which could be sold to multiple businesses. By the 1930s, these
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audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any situation in which an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.
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for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on
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aired short programming breaks called "Content Wraps", to advertise one company's product during an entire commercial break. The CW pioneered "content wraps" and some products featured were
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and 3D pavement advertising, for getting brand messages out into public spaces. Sheltered outdoor advertising combines outdoor with indoor advertisement by placing large mobile, structures (
8211:, 9,000 advertising items and publications dating from 1850 to 1940, illustrating the rise of consumer culture and the birth of a professionalized advertising industry in the United States.
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aside from rare popups seeking donations, Knowledge routinely seeks voluntary donations of time to improve itself via research to be done by those who then make edits to existing articles.
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In recent years there have been several media literacy initiatives, and more specifically concerning advertising, that seek to empower citizens in the face of media advertising campaigns.
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items, as long as they are quoted up-front. In most other countries, the advertised price must include all applicable taxes, enabling customers to easily know how much it will cost them.
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Advertising research is key to determining the success of an ad in any country or region. The ability to identify which elements and/or moments of an ad contribute to its success is how
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is a long-format television commercial, typically five minutes or longer. The name blends the words "information" and "commercial". The main objective in an infomercial is to create an
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1031:, encouraging workers to exchange their traditional habits and community structure in favor of a shared "modern" lifestyle. An important tool for influencing immigrant workers was the
2491:, there are four, potentially competing, business objectives that must be balanced when developing worldwide advertising: building a brand while speaking with one voice, developing
5476:
896:
became products for the masses, and British biscuit manufacturers were among the first to introduce branding to distinguish grocery products. One the world's first global brands,
2771:
There have been increasing efforts to protect the public interest by regulating the content and the influence of advertising. Some examples include restrictions for advertising
7244:
Solis, Brian (2011) Engage!: The Complete Guide for Brands and Businesses to Build, Cultivate, and Measure Success in the New Web, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 201–202.
5930:
5665:
5220:
5198:
3654:
710:) to announce their whereabouts. The first compilation of such advertisements was gathered in "Les Crieries de Paris", a thirteenth-century poem by Guillaume de la Villeneuve.
8119:
Spring, Dawn. "The Globalization of American Advertising and Brand Management: A Brief History of the J. Walter Thompson Company, Proctor and Gamble, and US Foreign Policy."
6873:
706:
horseshoe, a candle or even a bag of flour. Fruits and vegetables were sold in the city square from the backs of carts and wagons and their proprietors used street callers (
3609:, p.15 quotation: "... during the early twentieth century, tobacco manufacturers virtually created the modern advertising and marketing industry as it is known today."
3113:, individuals are influenced by three categories. Certain characteristics of stimuli may enhance or decrease the elaboration of the message (if the product is perceived as
1856:
is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie
6264:
7108:
4682:
Bearden, William O.; Madden, Charles S. (November 1, 1996). "A brief history of the future of advertising: Visions and lessons from integrated marketing communications".
2610:(such as TiVo) allow watchers to record the programs for later viewing, enabling them to fast forward through commercials. Additionally, as more seasons of pre-recorded
5981:
549:
to become the poster-girl for Pears, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product. Modern advertising originated with the techniques introduced with
6595:
6336:
4668:
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Enhanced advertising revenues was one effect of the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Thanks to the revolution and the consumers it created, by the mid-19th century
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was created by a woman – for a soap product. Although tame by today's standards, the advertisement featured a couple with the message "A skin you love to touch".
6195:
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product or service. They are non-physical features of a product or service that cannot be directly perceived, as they have no physical reality. For instance the
2916:
represents the variables of getting the product to the consumer such as distribution channels, market coverage and movement organization. The last P stands for
6400:
6123:
3675:
2791:
truthful'. Some self-regulatory organizations are funded by the industry, but remain independent, with the intent of upholding the standards or codes like the
2385:, advertisers will have an increasing ability to reach specific audiences. In the past, the most efficient way to deliver a message was to blanket the largest
6925:
6378:
1821:; they go in a website's news feed and are supposed to improve user experience by being less intrusive. However, some people argue this practice is deceptive.
1129:, as the packets of time became known, were being sold by the station's geographical sales representatives, ushering in an era of national radio advertising.
7000:
4774:
Ko, Hanjun; Cho, Chang-Hoan; Roberts, Marilyn S. (June 1, 2005). "Internet Uses and Gratifications: A Structural Equation Model of Interactive Advertising".
1118:
and usage behavior; their needs, wants and aspirations. The earliest radio drama series were sponsored by soap manufacturers and the genre became known as a
7771:
5829:"Under some circumstances, terms that are not originally generic can become generic over time (a process called "genericity"), and thus become unprotected."
7549:
5908:
2292:). However, some companies oppose the use of their brand name to label an object. Equating a brand with a common noun also risks turning that brand into a
1032:
821:
to include advertisement brokerage, making it the first French group to organize. At first, agencies were brokers for advertisement space in newspapers.
4203:. Social Science Research Network publishing working paper 17-37 of the Research Department, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia. p. 37 (Fig. 3).
1998:
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has undergone various modifications in its historical development such that today we use it in the plural form, indicating that competing models exist.
5078:
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He was first described as such in T F G Coates, 'Mr Thomas J Barratt, "The father of modern advertising"', Modern Business, September 1908, pp. 107–15.
1568:, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets,
7697:
5876:"Warner Bros. Television Group, The CW And Toyota Launch "Smallville Legends: Justice And Doom," A Marketing Campaign For The Hit Series "Smallville""
1837:(TLD) ending, it produces a targeted sales lead. Domain name advertising was originally developed by Oingo (later known as Applied Semantics), one of
833:
and the growth of consumer goods. This era saw the dawn of ad agencies, employing more cunning methods— persuasive diction and psychological tactics.
7073:
Clow, Kenneth E.; Baack, Donald (2007). Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications 3rd edition. Pearson Education. pp. 165–171.
3034:
groups respond to various messages and visual prompts, thereby providing an assessment of how well the advertisement meets its communications goals.
2519:
provide insight into what is working in an ad in any country or region because the measures are based on the visual, not verbal, elements of the ad.
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began paying their advertising agencies differently from other promotional agencies. In the 2010s, as advertising technology developed, a new term,
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4034:
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giveaways, samples coupons, loyalty programs, and discounts. The ultimate goal of sales promotions is to stimulate potential customers to action.
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are the ones which exploited the highest and created reasons of concern. Political advertisement and their regulations have been scrutinized for
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leading the charge. This shift has significantly altered the advertising landscape, making digital advertising a dominant force in the industry.
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to be its brand manager—the first of its kind—and in addition to creating slogans and images he recruited West End stage actress and socialite
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Last year, for the first time, global ad spending on digital platforms exceeded the dolloars spent on TV – by a solid $ 31 billion margin.
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992:, became associated with the method and is sometimes called the founder of modern advertising and public relations. Bernays claimed that:
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followed, also first launched in Finland in 2000. By 2007 the value of mobile advertising had reached $ 2 billion and providers such as
1006:" became a controversial issue, with techniques for titillating and enlarging the audience posing a challenge to conventional morality.
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To counter this effect, a variety of strategies have been employed. Many advertisers have opted for product placement on TV shows like
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5190:
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1957:
1035:(AAFLN). The AAFLN was primarily an advertising agency but also gained heavily centralized control over much of the immigrant press.
7327:
Mick, Devid Glen (September 1986). "Consumer Research and Semiotics: Exploring the Morphology of Signs, Symbols, and Significance".
2214:
As the mobile phone became a new mass medium in 1998 when the first paid downloadable content appeared on mobile phones in Finland,
8649:
8187:
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Winfield Scott Downs, American Historical Company, American Historical Society, 1940 – Biography & Autobiography (pp. 260–263)
6677:
6869:
5133:
4521:
Benjamin, L.T., & Baker, D.B. 2004. Industrial–organizational psychology: The new psychology and the business of advertising.
3288:(1866–1932) – popularised the use of test campaigns, especially coupons in direct mail, to track the efficiency of marketing spend
9368:
6617:
3230:. Websites and applications are "ad-free" when not using advertisements at all for revenue. For example, the online encyclopedia
2927:
was introduced as a more customer-driven replacement of four P's. There are two theories based on four Cs: Lauterborn's four Cs (
2874:
Means-end theory suggests that an advertisement should contain a message or means that leads the consumer to a desired end-state.
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was terminated, as Kellogg's did not want to associate with him after he was photographed smoking marijuana. Celebrities such as
1017:
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Altstiel, Tom, and Jean Grow. Advertising Strategy: Creative Tactics From the Outside/In. CA: Sage Publication Inc. 2006. Print.
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British actress Lillie Langtry became the world's first celebrity endorser when her likeness appeared on packages of Pears Soap.
2877:
Leverage points aim to move the consumer from understanding a product's benefits to linking those benefits with personal values.
2487:
Advertising has gone through five major stages of development: domestic, export, international, multi-national, and global. For
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have become so prevalent as to have become a major nuisance to users of these services, as well as being a financial burden on
808:
was the first to include paid advertising in its pages, allowing it to lower its price, extend its readership and increase its
6150:
3324:(1910–1984) – developed the concept of the unique selling proposition (USP) and advocated the use of repetition in advertising
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of a brand. For example, following his performance of eight gold medals at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China, swimmer
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5315:
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6587:
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Various competing models of hierarchies of effects attempt to provide a theoretical underpinning to advertising practice.
2211:
generating awareness, it is used for direct response campaigns that link to a landing page with a clear 'call to action'.
9869:
5266:
3464:
498:
7210:
Shimizu, Koichi (1989) "Advertising Theory and Strategies", (Japanese) first edition, Souseisha Book Company in Tokyo. (
3268:(1880–1952) – the "father of modern advertising"; defined advertising as "salesmanship in print, driven by a reason why"
1151:
television industry in the United States. However, it was still a common practice to have single sponsor shows, such as
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are offered for sale of television programs; fewer people watch the shows on TV. However, the fact that these sets are
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Television advertising is one of the most expensive types of advertising; networks charge large amounts for commercial
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consumers to buy the product or idea. This reflects an increasing trend of interactive and "embedded" ads, such as via
592:
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often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found on air, and also online. According to
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3306:(1897–1980) – founded one of the earliest international advertising agencies and developed ratings for radio & TV
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registrant of a domain name that describes a product. Domain name registrants are generally easy to identify through
6404:
6115:
4816:
Hanafizadeh, P., & Behboudi, M. (2012). "Online advertising: An empirical study of web advertising dimensions."
3670:
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or website. Infomercials describe and often demonstrate products, and commonly have testimonials from customers and
1492:) is used for advertising involving mass media; more targeted forms of advertising and promotion are referred to as
1400:
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6921:
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910:'s depiction of the interior of a late 19th century omnibus conspicuously shows the advertisements placed overhead.
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Holbrook, Morris (November 1978). "Beyond Attitude Structure: Toward the Informational Determinants of Attitude".
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Chandra, Ambarish, and Ulrich Kaiser. "Targeted advertising in magazine markets and the advent of the internet."
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3524:
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2664:
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Koc, Erdogan (2002). "Impact of gender in marketing communications: the role of cognitive and affective cues".
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This technique is especially used in televised sporting events. Virtual product placement is also possible. An
4982:
4909:
Culotta, Aron; Cutler, Jennifer (February 22, 2016). "Mining Brand Perceptions from Twitter Social Networks".
4497:
3938:"The Making of Modern Advertising. By Daniel Pope. (New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1983. ix + 340 pp. $ 18.95.)"
3330:(1926–2022) – advertising executive, author and credited with coining the term "positioning" in the late 1960s
1236:
by personalizing ads based on web browsing behavior. This has led to other similar efforts and an increase in
1075:
518:
Commercial advertisements often seek to generate increased consumption of their products or services through "
10666:
10502:
9525:
7227:
Shimizu, Koichi (2014) "Advertising Theory and Strategies", (Japanese) 18th edition, Souseisha Book Company (
6374:
4972:
Courtland L. Bovee, William F. Arens. Contemporary Advertising, Fourth Edition. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1992.
3499:
3361:
3008:
2473:. Crowdsourcing remains controversial, as the long-term impact on the advertising industry is still unclear.
2437:
1926:, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for
1802:
1171:. Pioneering the concept of the music video, MTV ushered in a new type of advertising: the consumer tunes in
7563:
Chandler, Daniel; Griffiths, Merris (2010). "Gender-Differentiated Production Features in Toy Commercials".
2810:
have introduced an outright ban, with London also having specific legislation to control unlawful displays.
2705:
2092:
Advertising printed on small tangible items such as coffee mugs, T-shirts, pens, bags, and such is known as
1089:
In the early 1920s, the first radio stations were established by radio equipment manufacturers, followed by
10086:
8252:
6426:"Influence of gender stereotypes on advertising offensiveness and attitude toward advertising in general".
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2503:
are maximized. Once one knows what works in an ad, that idea or ideas can be imported by any other market.
2226:
1152:
900:
biscuits were sold in 172 countries in 1900, and their global reach was reflected in their advertisements.
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is the study of signs and how they are interpreted. Advertising has many hidden signs and meanings within
1221:" boom of the 1990s. Entire corporations operated solely on advertising revenue, offering everything from
530:. Advertising may also help to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.
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1765:, radio has approximately 241.6 million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U.S. population.
527:
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orientation). Lastly, situational factors may be important to influence the elaboration of the message.
2121:
have advertised for multiple products including Pepsi, Candies from Kohl's, Twister, NASCAR, and Toyota.
1733:, so that the target sees the presentation and then immediately buys the product through the advertised
1412:
1079:
Advertisement for a live radio broadcast, sponsored by a milk company, Adohr milk, and published in the
754:
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7253:
Shimizu, Koichi (2003) "Symbiotic Marketing Strategy", (Japanese) 4th edition, Souseisha Book Company.(
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1798:
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422:
8098:
Saunders, Thomas J. "Selling under the Swastika: Advertising and Commercial Culture in Nazi Germany."
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4105:
3312:(1911–1999) – pioneered the positioning concept and advocated of the use of brand image in advertising
2629:(EPGs), advertising on companion devices (like smartphones and tablets) during the show, and creating
965:
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10258:
10121:
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Liguori, Maria Chiara. "North and South: Advertising Prosperity in the Italian Economic Boom Years."
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Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. VI): The Digital, the Classic, the Subtle, and the Alternative
7279:
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3336:(1883–1979) – developed the Starch score method of measuring print media effectiveness (still in use)
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3080:
3004:
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2591:
1952:
1147:
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to become the poster girl for Pears, making her the first celebrity to endorse a commercial product.
7094:
Understanding Consumer Decision Making: The Means-end Approach To Marketing and Advertising Strategy
3282:– probably the first advertising agency to use mass media (i.e. telegraph) in a promotional campaign
3087:, or slogans. The underlying level is made up of hidden meanings. The combination of images, words,
1240:. Online advertising introduced new opportunities for targeting and engagement, with platforms like
10676:
10227:
10191:
9966:
8605:
8600:
6703:
4022:"Obituary, Thomas J. Barratt Dead: Chairman of the Firm of A. & F. Pears an Advertising Genius"
3154:
2694:
1738:
1703:
1596:
981:
927:
863:
790:
146:
10402:
5688:
4161:
4064:
A Dictionary of Catch Phrases: British and American, from the Sixteenth Century to the Present Day
1552:, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, banners attached to or sides of airplanes ("
66:
10591:
10485:
10021:
9821:
9770:
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9626:
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9267:
8978:
8915:
8857:
8799:
8789:
8502:
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8205:, over 7,000 U.S. and Canadian advertisements, dated 1911–1955, includes World War II propaganda.
6895:
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4193:
4192:
Nakamura, Leonard I. (FRB); Samuels, Jon (BEA); Soloveichik, Rachel H. (BEA) (October 24, 2017).
3459:
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3315:
3300:(1872–1948) – developed the first hierarchy of effects model (AIDA) used in sales and advertising
3137:
2784:
2193:
1890:
1237:
1090:
491:
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Early 1900s – J. Henry ("Slogan") Smythe Jr of Philadelphia – "world's best known slogan writer"
2723:
While advertising can be seen as necessary for economic growth, it is not without social costs.
2296:– turning it into a generic term which means that its legal protection as a trademark is lost.
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5353:"The radio industry's oldest on line magazine..featurning Radio Superstar morning show network"
3000:
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1984:
1858:
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932:
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523:
519:
226:
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6089:
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Industry could not benefit from its increased productivity without a substantial increase in
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620:
412:
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2663:, where advertising students create campaigns for real companies. Organizations such as the
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3294:(1907–1991) – developed the field of motivational research, used extensively in advertising
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which is the process of reaching the target market and convincing them to buy the product.
2622:
2587:
2377:
Another significant trend regarding future of advertising is the growing importance of the
2230:
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1516:
Virtually any medium can be used for advertising. Commercial advertising media can include
1374:
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875:
747:" advertisements became a problem, which ushered in the regulation of advertising content.
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8:
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9177:
9167:
9124:
8895:
8722:
8684:
8580:
8286:
8093:
6560:
Gussow, Joan (March 2, 1972). "Counternutritional Messages of TV Ads Aimed at Children".
4534:
3719:
Behal, Vikas; Sareen, Sania (2014). "Guerilla marketing: a low cost marketing strategy".
3279:
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shoes several times, calling them "classics", because the film is set far in the future.
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The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the introduction of cable television and particularly
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377:
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304:
181:
121:
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31:
9727:
8184:
8105:
Short, John Phillip. "Advertising Empire: Race and Visual Culture in Imperial Germany."
7865:
Chen, Yongmin, and Chuan He. "Paid placement: Advertising and search on the internet*."
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Some companies have proposed placing messages or corporate logos on the side of booster
2017:
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Raising consumers: Children and the American mass market in the early twentieth century
7580:
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6511:
6482:"TV Advertising Effectiveness and Profitability: Generalizable Results From 288 Brands"
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The Rise of the Tea Party: Political Discontent and Corporate Media in the Age of Obama
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2003:
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1293:. If the company grows and is sold, the media companies receive cash for their shares.
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to free Internet access. At the turn of the 21st century, some websites, including the
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Packaging the presidency: A history and criticism of presidential campaign advertising
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using niche or targeted ads. Also brought about by the Internet and the theory of the
1299:
registrants (usually those who register and renew domains as an investment) sometimes
959:
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used to print posters in the form of a square sheet of paper with a rabbit logo with "
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3318:(1872–1942) – regarded as the pioneer of the use of marketing research in advertising
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Becoming the company's brand manager in 1865, listed as the first of its kind by the
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The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the rise of modern advertising, driven by
751:
half of the daily newspapers in the 1810s using the word "advertiser" in their name.
740:
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339:
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42:
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includes some of the most obvious product placement; the whole film stops to show a
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Paying people to hold signs is one of the oldest forms of advertising, as with this
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8382:
7805:
7572:
7546:"Female Celebrities Still Can't Break Through the Glass Ceiling of Voice-over Work"
7519:
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6569:
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shows a rise in audio-visual and digital advertising at the expense of print media.
465:
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156:
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Air Wars: Television Advertising and Social Media in Election Campaigns, 1952–2012
7781:
Printer," is a Craftsman, Father of Advertising in America, Editor, Publisher ..."
7576:
7126:. Baack, Donald. (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
6725:
3258:(1841–1914) of London – called "the father of modern advertising" by T.F.G. Coates
3109:
plays a key influence on the way in which signs are interpreted. When considering
1468:
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or afterthought. As cable and satellite television became increasingly prevalent,
636:
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6265:"Intel launches 500 drones into sky and breaks world record in spectacular style"
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US newspaper advertising revenue, Newspaper Association of America published data
2304:
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2172:
1880:
1636:
1573:
1545:
1473:
1455:
1393:
870:
455:
329:
131:
8185:
Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History at Duke University
8169:
2084:
and advertisements in such places as shopping carts and in-store video displays.
10344:
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9755:
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9018:
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8774:
8749:
8654:
8537:
8517:
8472:
8450:
7992:
Captains of Consciousness: Advertising and the Social Roots of Consumer Culture
7510:
Silverman, Julian; King, Catherine (1970). "Pseudoperceptual differentiation".
5612:
Advanced Advertising Is Delivering More Data, Better Targeting … but What Else?
4882:
Bigat, Ekrem Cetin (January 1, 2012). "Guerrilla Advertisement and Marketing".
4194:"Measuring the "Free" Digital Economy Within the GDP and Productivity Accounts"
4059:
3484:
3444:
3303:
3291:
2760:
2752:
2563:
2419:
2400:
2312:
2281:
2156:
2118:
2110:
1778:
1460:
1428:
1300:
1270:, having consumers vote through text messages, and various campaigns utilizing
1218:
1063:
1013:
985:
843:
675:
671:
558:
554:
546:
372:
7453:
6779:"What happens if an advertisement is displayed without the necessary consent?"
6534:"The Crisis of Attention Theft—Ads That Steal Your Time for Nothing in Return"
6458:
5901:"Pepsi's bus stop ad in London might be the best use of augmented reality yet"
5290:"Advertising's Twilight Zone: That Signpost Up Ahead May Be a Virtual Product"
5185:
5183:
3739:
Advertising in Rural India: Language, Marketing Communication, and Consumerism
837:
of London has been called "the father of modern advertising". Working for the
689:
In ancient China, the earliest advertising known was oral, as recorded in the
10655:
10576:
10451:
10369:
10273:
10141:
10111:
10081:
9826:
9805:
9401:
9377:
9315:
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9081:
9061:
8900:
8644:
8492:
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8237:
7846:
Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective
6507:
6315:
5854:
5566:
4930:
4839:
4795:
4745:
4703:
4501:
3996:
Brand failures: the truth about the 100 biggest branding mistakes of all time
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3182:
3177:
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2957:
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2555:
2466:
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2427:
held the "Crash the Super Bowl" contest, allowing people to create their own
2413:
2265:
2152:
2072:
1912:
1790:
1745:
1688:
1569:
1196:
989:
849:
779:
771:
624:
Bronze plate for printing an advertisement for the Liu family needle shop at
580:
537:
businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns.
407:
294:
7803:
7698:"Ads That Empower Women Don't Just Break Stereotypes—They're Also Effective"
7300:
See, for instance: Panton, M. McB. (1936), "The Master Adman Nobody Knows",
7141:
5119:
5026:
4856:
4614:
4523:
From Séance to Science: A History of the Profession of Psychology in America
3671:"Not the 'Big Four' Holding Firms in Adland Anymore – Now It's the Big Five"
2203:
Online advertising began with unsolicited bulk e-mail advertising known as "
1289:, advertising is not sold, but provided to start-up companies in return for
10522:
10476:
10456:
10387:
10248:
10196:
10031:
9935:
9925:
9707:
9616:
9606:
9472:
9446:
9320:
9240:
9235:
9119:
8963:
8905:
8885:
8392:
6443:"Advertising morality: maintaining moral worth in a stigmatized profession"
5180:
4922:
4737:
3375:
3038:
data. This may take the form of A/B split-testing or multivariate testing.
3027:
2972:
2625:. Other strategies include integrating advertising with internet-connected
2378:
2353:
2338:
2114:
2093:
1966:
1943:
1709:
838:
723:
694:
679:
629:
542:
8034:
Advertising progress: American business and the rise of consumer marketing
7531:
6280:"Promoting Adolescents' Moral Advertising Literacy in Secondary Education"
3272:
3149:
tend to respond better to objective marketing-communications claims while
3049:
System are competing examples of post-testing advertising research types.
2807:
1038:
10641:
10426:
10349:
10166:
10116:
10066:
9800:
9621:
9530:
9451:
9212:
9172:
9023:
8930:
8925:
8794:
8784:
8769:
8595:
8565:
8412:
7987:
7790:
T F G Coates: 'Mr Thomas J Barratt, "The father of modern advertising"',
5473:"Ten Years Later – Lessons from the Applied Semantics Google Acquisition"
4494:
3424:
3419:
3389:
3130:
3072:
3042:
2724:
2630:
2598:
in Australia and has been referred to as "a revolution in the ad world".
2496:
executions, producing local executions, and importing ideas that travel.
2470:
2445:
that encourages consumers to participate in the label design themselves.
2386:
2366:
2362:
2257:
2204:
2168:
1814:
1726:
1423:
1408:
in Singapore. Buses and other vehicles are popular media for advertisers.
1296:
1285:
The advertising business model has also been adapted in recent years. In
274:
141:
46:
8055:
A Word from Our Sponsor: Admen, Advertising, and the Golden Age of Radio
6296:
6279:
4645:
Brought to You By: Postwar Television Advertising and the American Dream
632:
China. It is the world's earliest identified printed advertising medium.
10461:
10436:
10374:
10161:
9982:
9879:
9712:
9563:
9436:
9416:
9293:
9192:
9149:
9114:
9033:
8973:
8867:
8804:
8623:
8507:
8497:
8422:
8407:
8402:
8377:
7982:
But Wait, There's More!: A History of Australian Advertising, 1900–2000
7945:
Splendora, Anthony. "Discourse", a Review of Vestergaard and Schrøder,
7891:
HardcoverThe Routledge Companion to Advertising and Promotional Culture
7853:
Television and Political Advertising: Volume I: Psychological Processes
7496:
6306:
3969:
3189:
that are creating commercials to portray more natural women, with less
3098:
3094:
3046:
2815:
2528:
2450:
2442:
2342:
2234:
2140:
2037:
1947:
1900:
1885:
1872:
logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the
1863:
1794:
1713:
1561:
1541:
1533:
1521:
1481:
1444:
1176:
1120:
1111:
707:
640:
432:
8244:
6498:
6481:
2184:
A new advertising approach is known as advanced advertising, which is
1983:
journals on very specialized topics. One form of print advertising is
10636:
10566:
10536:
10466:
10211:
10156:
10131:
10096:
9859:
9568:
9441:
9426:
9013:
8993:
8968:
8847:
8819:
8732:
8669:
8555:
8417:
8387:
8332:
8114:
Soap, sex, and cigarettes: A cultural history of American advertising
8006:
The mirror makers: A history of American advertising and its creators
7523:
3620:"Carat Predicts Positive Outlook in 2016 with Global Growth of +4.7%"
3573:
Tobacco Control: Comparative Politics in the United States and Canada
3429:
3231:
3160:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3068:
3058:
2988:
2945:
2618:, means the company will receive additional profits from these sets.
2575:
2462:
2432:
2382:
2316:
2050:
2029:
2022:
1971:
1786:
1565:
1537:
1529:
1380:
1214:
893:
854:
392:
324:
81:
8062:
Shoveling smoke: Advertising and globalization in contemporary India
7488:
7185:
Schultz, Don E; Tannenbaum, Stanley I; Lauterborn, Robert F (1993),
6001:
3953:
2390:
and more effective for companies' marketing products. Among others,
2326:
A new promotion concept has appeared, "ARvertising", advertising on
1829:
Domain name advertising is most commonly done through pay per click
9775:
9144:
8920:
8744:
8727:
8664:
8527:
8445:
8437:
7340:
5621:
Published by adweek.com on April 19, 2018, retrieved March 27, 2019
5435:
Get Rich Click!: The Ultimate Guide to Making Money on the Internet
3235:
3215:
3142:
3114:
2780:
2361:
With the Internet came many new advertising opportunities. Pop-up,
2285:
2269:
1927:
1917:
1762:
1649:
1384:
An advertisement for a diner. Such signs are common on storefronts.
1275:
1245:
952:
744:
683:
588:
564:
Worldwide spending on advertising in 2015 amounted to an estimated
5961:
5775:"SHAPING THE FUTURE MOBILE INFORMATION SOCIETY: THE CASE OF JAPAN"
5104:(5th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 425, 426.
5011:(5th ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 424, 425.
4539:
Educators and the Battle for Control of U.S. Broadcasting, 1928–35
3721:
International Journal of Management Research and Business Strategy
2057:
718:
10517:
10379:
9884:
9790:
9745:
9260:
9245:
9129:
9046:
8764:
8532:
8462:
8041:
Fables of abundance: A cultural history of advertising in America
7912:
The Principles of Advertising: concepts and trends in advertising
7839:
Contemporary Advertising: And Integrated Marketing Communications
6480:
Shapiro, Bradley T.; Hitsch, Günter J.; Tuchman, Anna E. (2021).
6375:"Slashdot | ISP Operator Barry Shein Answers Spam Questions"
5589:
Celebrity Endorsement: The Key Success Factors of Brand Endorsers
3327:
3211:
3064:
2611:
2428:
2424:
2261:
2136:
1874:
1553:
1388:
1279:
948:
663:
651:
584:
111:
9346:
6645:"Harris-sponsored Google ads suggest publishers are on her side"
5352:
5041:"Why we no longer speak of above and below-the-line advertising"
10171:
9187:
8088:
Presbrey, Frank. "The history and development of advertising."
7124:
Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications
6588:"First Lady to Food Companies: Make Healthier Ads for Kids Now"
6529:
4830:
Fry, Erika (February 1, 2018). "Super Bowl Ads Can't Save TV".
3355:
3198:
3150:
3106:
2633:
for TV programs. Additionally, some like brands have opted for
2567:
2436:
winning ad that aired in the 2009 Super Bowl was ranked by the
2320:
2300:
2241:
2063:
1838:
1432:
1405:
1256:
1241:
1229:
1222:
1103:
1099:
1095:
939:
596:
116:
8229:, documents advertising of medical and pharmaceutical products
8128:
The Story of Advertising in Canada: A Chronicle of Fifty Years
3369:
2912:
represents the process of determining the value of a product.
9951:
9227:
8827:
7271:
7058:
Originally developed in the personal-selling literature, the
3088:
3084:
2900:
in the 1960s. It consists of four basic elements called the "
2667:
establish companies with students to create these campaigns.
2559:
2547:
2253:
2219:
2041:
1961:
1868:
1757:
1517:
1305:
1107:
818:
698:
625:
279:
259:
71:
7655:
Splendora, "Discourse", Review of Vestergaard and Schrøder,
4294:
Sex sells!: The media's journey from repression to obsession
3647:"Plummeting Newspaper Ad Revenue Sparks New Wave of Changes"
3193:, so more women and young girls are able to relate to them.
8709:
8083:
The advertising book: The history of advertising in Ireland
7900:(2004), cultural and sociological approaches to advertising
7163:
6332:
Student-Run Advertising Agency: A Showcase for Student Work
5304:
3234:
provides free content by receiving funding from charitable
3146:
3076:
2951:
2418:
The concept of crowdsourcing has given way to the trend of
2197:
2185:
1935:
1906:
1308:
records that are publicly available at registrar websites.
1252:
1067:
advertising technique of a direct command to the consumer.
713:
534:
6831:"Billboard ban in São Paulo angers advertisers – Americas"
4944:
4191:
2233:
campaigns. A particular feature driving mobile ads is the
6727:
Advertising Standards Authority of South Africa: About Us
6591:
6060:"'Two nobodies from nowhere' craft winning Super Bowl ad"
3911:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.
3121:). Second, the characteristics of individuals can affect
2626:
1939:
1564:
or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and
1188:
1168:
8241:, a 2009 documentary film about the advertising industry
7674:"The Influence of Gender on Mood Effects in Advertising"
7509:
7313:
Peeter Verlegh, Hilde Voorveld, and Martin Eisend, eds.
6699:
4058:
3555:
Beauty Imagined: A History of the Global Beauty Industry
824:
6442:
6278:
Adams, Britt; Schellens, Tammy; Valcke, Martin (2017).
6090:"Crowdsourcing: Everything Old Is New Again, and Again"
5988:"Comcast Spotlight website". Retrieved October 5, 2006.
3820:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 227–228.
3273:
Influential thinkers in advertising theory and practice
553:
in the 1920s, most significantly with the campaigns of
8015:(Harvard University Press, 2005), In the United States
5633:"Attribution Data Points to TV Ads Driving More Sales"
5160:"Executive summary: Advertising Expenditure Forecasts"
2783:
imposed in many countries, as well as the bans around
2394:
is one such advertiser employing this method in their
2225:
More advanced mobile ads include banner ads, coupons,
1916:
logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles.
1504:(TTL) began to come into use, referring to integrated
643:
LEL flyer from 1806 for a traditional medicine called
57:. For information about advertising on Knowledge, see
7919:
Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the erotic appeal
7600:
Understanding the Consumer – A Psychological Approach
5379:
Impacts of Online Advertising on Business Performance
3645:
Vranica, Suzanne; Marshall, Jack (October 20, 2016).
3241:
2679:
1141:
7091:
Reynolds, Thomas J.; Olson, Jerry C. (May 1, 2001).
6479:
6277:
3351:
2710:"More Doctors Smoke Camels than Any Other Cigarette"
2013:
pictured here, are usually placed in busy locations.
5996:
5994:
5071:"Through The Line Marketing – Let's Have That Chat"
2229:picture and video messages, advergames and various
1878:logo. Another example of advertising in film is in
1033:
American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers
8071:(Pearson Australia, 2014), Australian perspectives
7804:William Hart and his graduate students in MCM510.
6951:. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission.
6667:
6665:
6352:How to start and succeed in a business of your own
5376:
5213:"Yes, A Super Bowl Ad Really Is Worth $ 4 Million"
5136:. Socialbilitty. February 17, 2017. Archived from
4525:. 118–121. California: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
4160:
3669:
3167:
3067:and symbols that are encoded in everyday objects.
1162:
30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
7627:"Advertising Sets Impossible Standards for Women"
7562:
6805:"How the Highway Beautification Act Became a Law"
5555:"Phelps Disciplined Over Marijuana Pipe Incident"
4820:, 14(2), 301-313. DOI: 10.1007/s10796-010-9270-6.
4162:"History Cook: the rise of the chocolate biscuit"
2644:has recently been used for advertising purposes.
1866:'s character John Anderton owns a phone with the
10653:
8126:Stephenson, Harry Edward, and Carlton McNaught.
7121:
5991:
5907:. The Verge, Jacob Kastrenakes. March 25, 2014.
4857:"Annual U.S. Advertising Expenditure Since 1919"
4307:Ethics in advertising: sex sells, but should it?
3900:
3898:
3592:
3590:
3566:
3564:
3251:(1706–1790) – "father of advertising in America"
3063:Meanings between consumers and marketers depict
2908:is the first P representing the actual product.
1536:, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web
1217:, online advertising grew, contributing to the "
1175:the advertising message, rather than it being a
1062:In the 1920s, psychologists Walter D. Scott and
963:A print advertisement for the 1913 issue of the
515:the most common being commercial advertisement.
10137:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
6662:
6116:"Zooppa.com, Inc.: Private Company Information"
5425:
4719:"Electronic Commerce Beyond the "dot com" Boom"
4318:Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues
3644:
7905:Advertising & IMC: Principles and Practice
7565:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
7356:Persuasive Signs: The Semiotics of Advertising
6671:
5254:
5236:"Digitally inserted ads pop up more in sports"
3584:down the street demanding the right to smoke."
2836:
9967:
9362:
8348:
8260:
7966:History of advertising § Further reading
7917:Reichert, Tom, and Jacqueline Lambiase, eds.
7884:Negative political advertising: Coming of age
7882:Johnson-Cartee, Karen S., and Gary Copeland.
7512:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
7405:
7090:
5191:"A Super Bowl Ad Really Is Worth $ 4 Million"
5134:"Commercial Acting – Science of the Business"
4908:
4681:
4419:
3895:
3668:Parekh, Rupal; Patel, Kunur (July 12, 2012).
3599:Suing the Tobacco and Lead Pigment Industries
3587:
3561:
3079:, package designs, print advertisements, and
2067:newspaper advertised to its target market at
2021:Hoardings as seen on commercial buildings in
492:
7953:Vol. 15, No. 4 (Dec. 1986), pp. 445–449
7889:McAllister, Matthew P. and Emily West, eds.
5841:"CW Will Try A New Ad Idea: 'Content Wraps'"
5527:
4773:
4185:
3998:, Kogan Page Publishers, 2005, pp. 219, 266.
3030:) and post-testing of ads and/or campaigns.
1960:", the main transport vehicle shows a large
1749:A television commercial being filmed in 1948
1496:(BTL). The two terms date back to 1954 when
770:In August 1859, British pharmaceutical firm
526:may use free modes of persuasion, such as a
7818:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
6872:. Department of Revenue, Washington State.
6171:Global marketing Management, 2004, pp. 13–8
5528:Kotler, Philip; Keller, Kevin Lane (2012).
5502:
5377:Semerádová, Tereza; Weinlich, Petr (2019).
4359:
4357:
3778:Chinese Business: Landscapes and Strategies
3718:
3667:
3622:. Carat. September 22, 2015. Archived from
2522:
2341:), and the pervasiveness of mass messages (
2333:Controversy exists on the effectiveness of
1027:Advertising was also used as a vehicle for
984:" into the desire to purchase commodities.
9974:
9960:
9369:
9355:
8355:
8341:
8267:
8253:
7423:"Semiotic analysis of iPod Advertisements"
7358:. Berlin: Walter deGruyter GmbH & KG.
7304:, Vol.27, (September 10, 1936), pp.32, 46.
7025:
7001:"Display of Prices for Goods and Services"
6781:. PlanningGuidance.PlanningPortal.gov.uk.
6440:
6377:. Interviews.slashdot.org. March 3, 2003.
6147:"Are Consumer-Generated Ads Here to Stay?"
4937:
4130:
4128:
3612:
3342:– one of the earliest advertising agencies
1720:million was charged for a 60-second spot.
1202:
923:Advertisement for Guy's Tonic in the 1900s
817:extended the services of his news agency,
499:
485:
7926:Controversies in contemporary advertising
6497:
6441:Cohen, Andrew C.; Dromi, Shai M. (2018).
6305:
6295:
6144:
5838:
5717:
5630:
5431:
5314:. Ecommercetimes.com. February 23, 2006.
4884:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
4401:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 373.
4370:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 367.
4336:. New York: Pantheon Books. p. 375.
3889:Oxford Treasury of Sayings and Quotations
3886:
3839:
3837:
3548:
3546:
1958:Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
662:displays have been found in the ruins of
654:to make sales messages and wall posters.
7844:Belch, George E., and Michael A. Belch.
7806:"Introduction to Mass Media/Advertising"
7766:
7764:
7474:
7178:
7154:
6057:
5959:
5794:
5503:Nelson, Richard; Sykes, Anthony (2013).
5233:
5227:
4983:"Examples of Below-the-Line Advertising"
4968:
4966:
4602:Historical Dictionary of American Radio,
4560:Historical Dictionary of American Radio,
4354:
4246:
3904:
2704:
2352:
2162:
2146:
2139:to create or display advertising media.
2056:
2016:
1997:
1817:. A newer form of online advertising is
1744:
1532:, radio, cinema and television adverts,
1467:
1450:
1438:
1422:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1379:
1315:
1074:
1037:
958:
938:
926:
918:
902:
869:
848:
789:
753:
717:
714:18th-19th century: Newspaper Advertising
635:
619:
65:
49:. For the QI episode "Advertising", see
8274:
8135:Adland: a global history of advertising
8036:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.)
7931:Vestergaard, Torben and Schrøder, Kim.
7353:
7169:
7111:from the original on February 16, 2017.
6955:from the original on September 13, 2016
6928:from the original on September 13, 2016
6902:from the original on September 18, 2016
6680:from the original on September 24, 2016
6642:
6216:
6026:
5923:
5839:Steinberg, Brian (September 13, 2006).
5586:
4562:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998 pp 7–9
4277:
4125:
3891:. Oxford University Press. p. 478.
3863:"When Beecham put St Helens on the map"
2540:desired international public perception
2179:
1904:also showcase futuristic cars with the
1572:(grabertising), the opening section of
1070:
1018:Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce
931:Advertising revenue as a percent of US
14:
10672:Promotion and marketing communications
10654:
8362:
7903:Moriarty, Sandra, and Nancy Mitchell.
7808:. Norfolk State University: Wikibooks.
7378:
7157:Basic Marketing. A Managerial Approach
7003:. Citizens Information. May 31, 2016.
6898:. Travel Industry Council of Ontario.
6841:from the original on February 26, 2014
6718:
6559:
6522:
6349:
6189:
6070:from the original on December 27, 2009
6039:from the original on February 17, 2010
6008:from the original on February 18, 2010
6002:"Who's Buying What at Super Bowl 2007"
5827:from the original on January 15, 2010.
5751:A Brief History of Science with Levity
5748:
5668:from the original on November 13, 2015
5479:from the original on December 14, 2014
5413:from the original on September 6, 2015
5287:
5234:McCarthy, Michael (October 17, 2002).
4951:from the original on December 20, 2014
4859:. Galbithink.org. September 14, 2008.
4642:
4528:
4173:from the original on December 10, 2022
3990:
3988:
3935:
3855:
3834:
3678:from the original on February 15, 2015
3557:. Oxford University Press. p. 81.
3543:
2659:model for teaching advertising is the
1435:ads at Ingolstadt main railway station
787:, Lancashire, the founder's hometown.
9955:
9350:
8336:
8248:
7837:Arens, William, and Michael Weigold.
7761:
7745:Social Media: A Critical Introduction
7742:
7597:
7552:from the original on October 9, 2015.
7420:
7410:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.
7395:from the original on August 16, 2011.
6981:from the original on November 5, 2016
6870:"Advertising – Tax Included in Price"
6636:
6328:
6126:from the original on October 19, 2017
6058:Horovitz, Bruce (December 31, 2009).
5753:. Troubador Publishing. p. 301.
5720:"This is the World's First Banner Ad"
5552:
5505:Outdoor Advertising (RLE Advertising)
5498:
5496:
5494:
5470:
5464:
5223:from the original on October 2, 2017.
5201:from the original on October 2, 2017.
5099:
5006:
4963:
4881:
4763:from the original on October 9, 2022.
4604:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998, p.8
4394:
4363:
4329:
3731:
3552:
3153:tend to respond better to subjective
1447:bus with an advertisement on its side
1183:emerged, including channels entirely
947:advertisement about a cruise between
825:Late 19th century: Modern Advertising
686:paintings that date back to 4000 BC.
674:advertising on papyrus was common in
557:, considered the founder of modern, "
8069:Advertising: Principles and practice
8008:(University of Illinois Press, 1984)
7326:
7032:Encyclopedia of Communication Theory
7026:Littlejohn, Stephen W., ed. (2009).
7007:from the original on August 28, 2016
6946:
6876:from the original on August 27, 2016
6785:from the original on October 6, 2015
6706:from the original on August 31, 2016
6674:"Marketing and Advertising: The Law"
6428:International Journal of Advertising
6381:from the original on August 13, 2009
6253:from the original on April 19, 2015.
6217:Leonard, Devin (December 12, 2005).
6190:Howard, Theresa (October 10, 2005).
6027:Elliott, Stuart (February 8, 2010).
5260:
4716:
4267:from the original on April 29, 2016.
4210:from the original on March 20, 2021.
4052:
4040:from the original on October 9, 2022
4014:
4001:
3845:"Anniversary of the first ad slogan"
3815:
3758:from the original on October 8, 2014
3657:from the original on March 11, 2017.
2348:
1511:
1404:A taxicab with an advertisement for
8223:, 30,000 outdoor advertising images
8209:Emergence of Advertising in America
7704:from the original on March 26, 2017
7637:from the original on March 26, 2017
7442:Journal of Marketing Communications
7439:
7282:from the original on April 25, 2017
7188:Integrated marketing communications
6977:. Advertising Standards Authority.
6702:. Advertising Standards Authority.
6676:. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
6672:UK_advertising (January 15, 2016).
6598:from the original on April 27, 2015
6339:from the original on July 24, 2009.
6198:from the original on March 27, 2009
6153:from the original on April 26, 2010
5911:from the original on March 25, 2014
5730:from the original on April 21, 2016
5699:from the original on April 25, 2016
5689:"The History of Online Advertising"
5591:. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
5452:from the original on April 15, 2015
5336:
5242:from the original on March 27, 2009
4829:
4415:from the original on June 17, 2016.
3985:
3465:Integrated marketing communications
1472:Advertising man pasting a bill for
802:In June 1836, the French newspaper
762:: Worth a guinea a box", the first
27:Form of communication for marketing
24:
7830:
7429:from the original on May 21, 2013.
7406:Umiker-Sebeok, Donna Jean (1987).
7048:from the original on June 27, 2014
6734:from the original on March 3, 2016
6528:
6231:from the original on June 6, 2009.
6145:Moskowitz, Robert (May 10, 2006).
5797:Mass Commnunication and Journalism
5718:Wasserman, Todd (August 9, 2013).
5686:
5553:Macur, Juliet (February 6, 2009).
5491:
5438:. Free Press, Simon and Schuster.
5318:from the original on March 3, 2009
5300:from the original on July 9, 2017.
5265:. globeandmail.com. Archived from
5077:. November 5, 2013. Archived from
5047:. January 17, 2018. Archived from
4863:from the original on April 1, 2009
4153:
2701:Racial stereotyping in advertising
2680:Sales promotions and brand loyalty
2581:
2372:
2222:delivered billions of mobile ads.
1712:during popular events. The annual
1142:Commercial television in the 1950s
25:
10688:
9376:
8149:
8076:Advertising in Britain: a history
8022:(Columbia University Press, 2013)
7034:. Vol. 1. SAGE. p. 19.
6811:from the original on June 4, 2009
6700:"Advertising Standards Authority"
6643:Fischer, Sara (August 13, 2024).
5962:"Will John Henry Save the Globe?"
5631:Lafayette, Jon (March 26, 2018).
4384:from the original on May 2, 2016.
4350:from the original on May 6, 2016.
4078:"When Celebrity Endorsers Go Bad"
3752:"Commercial Advertising in China"
3698:"Latin Word Study Tool - adverto"
2601:
2533:International tourism advertising
1884:, where main character played by
1311:
45:. For the English punk band, see
9865:Concentration of media ownership
8312:Mobile phone content advertising
8217:, vintage television commercials
8090:Advertising & Society Review
8048:Advertising & Society Review
7797:
7784:
7725:
7716:
7690:
7666:
7649:
7619:
7606:
7591:
7556:
7538:
7503:
7468:
7433:
7414:
7399:
7372:
7347:
7329:The Journal of Consumer Research
7320:
7307:
7294:
7264:
7247:
7238:
7221:
7204:
7148:
7115:
7084:
7067:
7019:
6993:
6967:
6940:
6914:
6888:
6862:
6853:
6823:
6797:
6771:
6753:"About Regulation Our Framework"
6745:
6692:
6610:
6580:
6553:
6473:
6434:
6419:
6393:
6367:
6358:
6343:
6322:
6271:
6257:
6235:
6210:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6138:
6108:
6082:
6051:
6020:
5972:
5937:. March 14, 2012. Archived from
5935:Newspaper Association of America
5288:Lubell, Sam (October 15, 2017).
4136:"Huntley & Palmers Biscuits"
3368:
3354:
3125:and elaboration of the message (
2881:
2476:
2407:
2002:Outdoor advertisements, such as
1920:chose to advertise in the movie
1773:Online advertising is a form of
1050:of the J. Walter Thompson Agency
8999:Party platforms (or manifestos)
8199:Libraries Digital Collections:
8029:(Oxford University Press, 1996)
7994:. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
7935:Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985.
7898:Advertising: a cultural economy
7097:. Psychology Press. p. 3.
6329:Avery, James (August 1, 1992).
5953:
5893:
5868:
5832:
5813:
5788:
5767:
5742:
5711:
5680:
5650:
5624:
5605:
5580:
5546:
5521:
5471:Elbaz, Eytan (April 22, 2013).
5395:
5370:
5345:
5330:
5281:
5205:
5169:. December 2015. Archived from
5152:
5126:
5093:
5063:
5033:
5000:
4975:
4902:
4875:
4849:
4823:
4810:
4767:
4710:
4675:
4661:
4636:
4626:
4607:
4594:
4574:
4565:
4552:
4515:
4488:
4464:
4451:
4438:
4388:
4323:
4299:
4286:
4271:
4240:
4227:
4214:
4098:
4070:
3976:
3929:
3880:
3809:
3783:
3770:
3744:
3525:World Federation of Advertisers
3205:
3168:Gender effects on comprehension
2793:Advertising Standards Authority
2665:American Advertising Federation
2606:The ability to record shows on
1528:components, printed flyers and
1163:Cable television from the 1980s
914:
9981:
8137:(Kogan Page Publishers, 2007.)
7218:C3034 P3980E) pp. 63–102.
6562:Journal of Nutrition Education
6247:realitytvmagazine.sheknows.com
5960:Schwartz, Jason (March 2014).
5658:"How Americans get their news"
4788:10.1080/00913367.2005.10639191
4541:, Rich Media, Poor Democracy,
4508:, "A skin you love to touch",
4033:. April 27, 1914. p. 11.
3936:Norton, Nancy P. (July 1984).
3712:
3690:
3661:
3638:
3435:Direct-to-consumer advertising
2661:student-run advertising agency
13:
1:
10503:Critique of political economy
8227:Medicine & Madison Avenue
8064:(Duke University Press, 2003)
7794:, September 1908, pp 107–115.
7577:10.1207/s15506878jobem4403_10
7477:Journal of Marketing Research
7174:. Oxford, England: Heinemann.
6574:10.1016/S0022-3182(72)80136-5
5403:"What is Native Advertising?"
5312:"Welcome to E-Commerce Times"
4818:Information Systems Frontiers
4696:10.1016/S0148-2963(96)00062-8
4647:. University of Texas Press.
4305:Jessica Dawn Blair, et al., "
3908:Graphic Design: A New History
3905:Eskilson, Stephen J. (2007).
3531:
3500:Performance-based advertising
3362:Business and economics portal
2923:In the 1990s, the concept of
2818:limiting the use of English.
2766:
2725:Unsolicited commercial e-mail
2688:
2438:USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter
2071:with a sailboat billboard on
2007:
1803:online classified advertising
879:
70:1948 print advertisement for
10087:History of capitalist theory
9087:Rally 'round the flag effect
8175:Resources in other libraries
7959:
7933:The Language of Advertising.
7672:Martin, Brett A. S. (2003),
7155:McCarthy, Jerome E. (1964).
6835:International Herald Tribune
6755:. ASA.org.uk. Archived from
6618:"Misleading Ads – be Wary!!"
6192:"USA Today, October 9, 2005"
4896:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.281
4834:(mailed print edition): 12.
4684:Journal of Business Research
4643:Samuel, Lawrence R. (2009).
4140:Victoria & Albert Museum
3455:History of Advertising Trust
3191:post production manipulation
3052:
2647:
2227:Multimedia Messaging Service
1946:cars are featured in recent
1153:The United States Steel Hour
1046:version of the famous ad by
857:advertisement from the 1890s
7:
7947:The Language of Advertising
7869:121#556 (2011): F309–F328.
7657:The Language of Advertising
7614:The Language of Advertising
6947:ACCC (September 11, 2012).
6859:Bhatia and Ritchie 2006:542
6401:"How Marketers Target Kids"
5821:"Overview of Trademark Law"
3727:– via Google Scholar.
3400:Bibliography of advertising
3347:
3111:gender roles in advertising
3014:
2837:Hierarchy-of-effects models
2670:
2640:The emerging technology of
2246:International Space Station
1783:search engine results pages
1777:that uses the Internet and
1458:displaying advertising for
778:: "Beechams Pills: Worth a
528:public service announcement
36:Advertiser (disambiguation)
10:
10693:
7963:
7862:60.7 (2014) pp: 1829–1843.
7776:December 27, 2022, at the
7737:December 27, 2022, at the
7612:Vestergaard and Schrøder,
7602:. London: Macmillan Press.
7379:Pinson, Christian (1998).
7172:Business for Higher Awards
7060:hierarchy-of-effects model
6896:"Advertising Requirements"
6029:"Do-It-Yourself Super Ads"
4312:February 24, 2021, at the
4247:DiMaggio, Anthony (2012).
4011:, Routledge, 2002, p. 510.
3470:List of advertising awards
3056:
3018:
2943:) and Shimizu's four Cs (
2896:was proposed by professor
2885:
2840:
2829:
2804:Highway Beautification Act
2733:internet service providers
2698:
2692:
2526:
2480:
2411:
1799:Social network advertising
1735:toll-free telephone number
1418:East Coast Park, Singapore
1206:
732:Victoria and Albert Museum
613:
609:
423:Promotional representative
40:
29:
10530:
10484:
10447:Labour market flexibility
10420:
10331:
10180:
10122:Multinational corporation
9999:
9989:
9908:
9852:
9814:
9736:
9685:
9650:
9594:
9551:
9544:
9508:
9460:
9384:
9281:
9226:
9158:
9100:
9032:
8949:
8866:
8818:
8708:
8619:
8546:
8436:
8428:Manipulation (psychology)
8370:
8282:
8170:Resources in your library
8067:Moriarty, Sandra, et al.
8025:Jamieson, Kathleen Hall.
7928:(Sage Publications, 2013)
7743:Fuchs, Christian (2017).
7679:October 25, 2012, at the
7454:10.1080/13527260210145993
7302:Advertising & Selling
7122:Clow, Kenneth E. (2007).
6459:10.1007/s11186-018-9309-7
5587:Strunck, Michael (2011).
4620:December 6, 2006, at the
4472:The Men and Women We Want
4459:Captains of Consciousness
4446:Captains of Consciousness
4253:. NYU Press. p. 12.
4235:Captains of Consciousness
4222:Captains of Consciousness
4066:. Routledge. p. 164.
4009:The visual culture reader
3887:Ratcliffe, Susan (2011).
3700:. Perseus Digital Library
3596:Donald G. Gifford (2010)
3570:Donley T. Studlar (2002)
3385:Advertisements in schools
3097:commercials used a black
3081:television advertisements
2979:can include advertising,
2825:
2798:In the UK, most forms of
1373:An advertisement for the
1148:DuMont Television Network
606:means "to turn towards".
9941:Society of the Spectacle
8606:Criticism of advertising
8190:January 6, 2014, at the
8116:(Cengage Learning, 2011)
7685:Psychology and Marketing
6219:"Madison Ave. Lights Up"
5662:American Press Institute
5432:Ostrofsky, Marc (2011).
5341:. The Los Angeles Times.
4278:Bernays, Edward (1928).
3553:Jones, Geoffrey (2010).
3242:"Fathers" of advertising
3155:marketing communications
3145:has a beautiful design.
2695:Criticism of advertising
2523:Foreign public messaging
2155:aircraft in the special
1597:Television advertisement
1580:Share of global adspend
1558:in-flight advertisements
1146:In the early 1950s, the
1091:non-profit organizations
864:Guinness Book of Records
794:Beecham's slogan in the
524:Non-profit organizations
10592:Individualist anarchism
9822:Influence of mass media
9627:Narcotizing dysfunction
9268:Promotional merchandise
8979:Character assassination
8916:Narcotizing dysfunction
8790:Photograph manipulation
8503:Guerrilla communication
7896:McFall, Elizabeth Rose
7408:Marketing and Semiotics
7235:C3034) pp. 63–102.
6924:. Consumer Protection.
5984:March 26, 2009, at the
5846:The Wall Street Journal
5795:Robinson, Gail (2019).
5617:March 27, 2019, at the
5100:Baker, Michael (2003).
5007:Baker, Michael (2003).
4717:Senn, James A. (2000).
4481:April 15, 2015, at the
4395:Leach, William (1993).
4364:Leach, William (1993).
4330:Leach, William (1993).
3942:Business History Review
3791:"Les Crieries de Paris"
3460:Informative advertising
3415:Comparative advertising
3316:Charles Coolidge Parlin
3138:marketing communication
3136:There are two types of
2785:advertising to children
2719:cigarettes in the 1940s
2608:digital video recorders
2194:digital video recorders
1272:social network services
1238:interactive advertising
1213:With the advent of the
1203:Internet from the 1990s
1110:in the 1920s and early
966:Encyclopædia Britannica
418:Promotional merchandise
403:Out-of-home advertising
192:Account-based marketing
41:For the racehorse, see
10557:Collectivist anarchism
10472:Social venture capital
10442:Freedom of association
9483:Freedom of information
9251:Product demonstrations
8680:Historical negationism
8121:Global Studies Journal
8107:Enterprise and Society
8032:Laird, Pamela Walker.
7876:March 4, 2016, at the
7261:C3034) pp. 25–62.
7191:, NTC Business Books,
7170:Needham, Dave (1996).
7159:. Homewood, IL: Irwin.
7028:"Advertising Theories"
5931:"Trends & Numbers"
5823:. Harvard Law School.
4945:"ICANN Whois Database"
4923:10.1287/mksc.2015.0968
4776:Journal of Advertising
4738:10.17310/ntj.2000.3.04
4732:(3, Part 1): 373–383.
3001:internal communication
2832:Advertising management
2720:
2358:
2335:subliminal advertising
2176:
2175:used for advertisement
2160:
2101:Celebrity endorsements
2076:
2025:
2014:
1985:classified advertising
1841:'s early acquisitions.
1750:
1739:industry professionals
1722:Virtual advertisements
1477:
1465:
1448:
1436:
1420:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1377:
1185:devoted to advertising
1086:
1051:
999:
969:
956:
936:
924:
911:
885:
858:
842:actress and socialite
799:
767:
735:
647:
633:
616:History of advertising
227:Horizontal integration
75:
10622:Post-scarcity economy
10597:Libertarian socialism
10582:Free-market socialism
10513:Market fundamentalism
10498:Capitalist propaganda
10092:Industrial Revolution
10007:Anarchy of production
9870:Exploitation of women
9183:Reputation management
9102:Psychological warfare
8951:Political campaigning
8760:Firehose of falsehood
8297:Fast food advertising
8130:(Ryerson Press, 1940)
8060:Mazzarella, William.
7974:The Cigarette Century
7924:Sheehan, Kim Bartel.
7598:Statt, David (1977).
7354:Beasley, Ron (2002).
6837:. December 12, 2006.
6350:Taylor, John (1978).
5749:Bennet, Mike (2015).
5075:entrepreneurmag.co.za
4506:Woodbury Soap Company
4292:Rodger Streitmatter,
4106:"The Sam Weller Bump"
4062:; Paul Beale (1986).
3818:What Hath God Wrought
3816:Howe, Daniel (2007).
3605:May 10, 2016, at the
3510:Senior media creative
3440:Family in advertising
2708:
2656:Advertising education
2365:, banner, pop-under,
2356:
2166:
2150:
2143:is a notable example.
2060:
2020:
2001:
1748:
1570:shopping cart handles
1506:advertising campaigns
1471:
1454:
1442:
1426:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1383:
1372:
1193:Home Shopping Network
1157:Hallmark Hall of Fame
1078:
1048:Helen Lansdowne Resor
1041:
1029:cultural assimilation
1011:Secretary of Commerce
994:
962:
942:
930:
922:
906:
898:Huntley & Palmers
876:Huntley & Palmers
873:
852:
793:
774:created a slogan for
757:
730:'s leadership, 1900.
721:
639:
623:
533:In the 19th century,
413:Product demonstration
265:Corporate anniversary
69:
59:Knowledge:Advertising
10667:Communication design
10077:Financial Revolution
10042:Economic development
9218:Corporate propaganda
8302:Gambling advertising
8292:Cosmetic advertising
8011:Friedman, Walter A.
7867:The Economic Journal
7661:Language in Society,
6975:"Relevant Code Rule"
6447:Theory & Society
6149:. iMediaConnection.
5941:on December 18, 2014
5530:Marketing Management
5219:. January 29, 2014.
5197:. January 29, 2014.
5140:on February 18, 2017
4726:National Tax Journal
4671:. November 23, 2011.
4432:May 9, 2016, at the
4296:(Basic Books, 2004).
3579:May 9, 2016, at the
3280:N. W. Ayer & Son
3210:Other approaches to
3021:Advertising research
2588:advertising agencies
2231:engagement marketing
2180:New media approaches
2049:lighted; some being
1950:films, most notably
1807:advertising networks
1562:seatback tray tables
1550:forehead advertising
1544:, bus stop benches,
1498:Procter & Gamble
1416:Mobile billboard in
1375:Wikimedia Foundation
1301:"park" their domains
1071:Radio from the 1920s
1044:Ladies' Home Journal
1009:In the 1920s, under
428:Visual merchandising
358:Behavioral targeting
232:Vertical integration
212:Influencer marketing
10552:Anarcho-syndicalism
10547:Anarcho-primitivism
10432:Economic inequality
10047:Economic liberalism
9916:Advanced capitalism
9602:Cult of personality
9516:Advanced capitalism
9306:Media concentration
9178:Non-apology apology
9168:Cult of personality
8896:Emotive conjugation
8650:Burying of scholars
8317:Tobacco advertising
8287:Alcohol advertising
8276:Product advertising
8074:Nevett, Terence R.
8053:Meyers, Cynthia B.
8013:Birth of a Salesman
7951:Language in Society
7548:. August 20, 2013.
7421:Salsburey, Justin.
7382:Marketing Semiotics
7276:www.copytesting.org
6949:"Displaying Prices"
6297:10.3916/c52-2017-09
6267:. November 4, 2016.
6096:. November 26, 2008
6004:. Advertising Age.
5979:"Interactive – VOD"
5045:jamaicaobserver.com
4615:Newmediagroup.co.uk
4582:Soap Opera History,
4495:Advertising Slogans
4320:9.1/2 (2006): 109+.
4082:The Washington Post
4007:Nicholas Mirzoeff,
3674:. Advertising Age.
3651:Wall Street Journal
3129:or non-traditional
2800:outdoor advertising
2727:and other forms of
2299:Early in its life,
2094:novelty advertising
1964:logo on the front.
1923:The Matrix Reloaded
1676:Radio advertisement
1663:Outdoor advertising
1581:
1482:display advertising
1263:Guerrilla marketing
1106:began to appear on
815:Charles-Louis Havas
796:Los Angeles Herald,
656:Commercial messages
551:tobacco advertising
378:In-game advertising
368:Display advertising
244:Promotional content
32:AD (disambiguation)
10572:Economic democracy
10393:Private foundation
9837:Semiotic democracy
9761:Civil disobedience
9673:Media manipulation
9663:Crowd manipulation
9586:Tabloid journalism
9500:Media transparency
9478:Media independence
9392:24-hour news cycle
9289:Influence-for-hire
9082:National mythology
9052:Crowd manipulation
8941:Tabloid journalism
8810:Video manipulation
8755:Fictitious entries
8478:Civil disobedience
8364:Media manipulation
8112:Sivulka, Juliann.
7980:Crawford, Robert.
7860:Management Science
6759:on October 7, 2015
6532:(April 14, 2017).
5664:. March 17, 2014.
5559:The New York Times
5475:. Allthingsd.com.
5294:The New York Times
5176:on August 4, 2016.
5102:The Marketing Book
5009:The Marketing Book
4510:J. Walter Thompson
4461:(1976), pp. 62–65.
4030:The New York Times
3626:on October 1, 2015
3450:Gross rating point
3220:paid subscriptions
2997:corporate identity
2898:E. Jerome McCarthy
2721:
2552:Singapore Airlines
2507:measures, such as
2501:economies of scale
2493:economies of scale
2489:global advertisers
2359:
2216:mobile advertising
2177:
2161:
2077:
2069:North Avenue Beach
2026:
2015:
2004:Shaftesbury Avenue
1852:Covert advertising
1846:Product placements
1831:web search engines
1751:
1624:Mobile advertising
1611:online advertising
1579:
1478:
1466:
1449:
1437:
1421:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1378:
1234:online advertising
1209:Online advertising
1181:specialty channels
1087:
1052:
970:
957:
937:
925:
912:
908:George William Joy
886:
859:
800:
768:
764:advertising slogan
736:
660:political campaign
648:
634:
577:advertising agency
461:Marketing research
398:Online advertising
388:Native advertising
383:Mobile advertising
335:Sex in advertising
152:Consumer behaviour
76:
10649:
10648:
10542:Anarcho-communism
10413:Spontaneous order
10408:Social alienation
10365:Economic mobility
10052:Economic planning
9949:
9948:
9875:Freedom of speech
9693:Theodor W. Adorno
9681:
9680:
9668:Managing the news
9488:Freedom of speech
9468:Media development
9432:News broadcasting
9412:Independent media
9397:Alternative media
9344:
9343:
9110:Airborne leaflets
8989:Election promises
8843:Product placement
8718:Alternative facts
8458:Alternative media
8330:
8329:
8307:Legal advertising
8156:Library resources
8140:West, Darrell M.
8085:(MOL Books, 1986)
7921:(Routledge, 2014)
7855:(Routledge, 2013)
7365:978-3-11-017341-3
7317:(Springer, 2015).
7272:"CopyTesting.org"
7198:978-0-8442-3363-5
7041:978-1-4129-5937-7
6499:10.3982/ECTA17674
6407:on April 16, 2009
6120:www.bloomberg.com
5539:978-0-13-210292-6
5532:. Prentice Hall.
5514:978-1-136-66930-9
5409:. June 30, 2014.
5388:978-1-7998-1618-8
5269:on March 16, 2006
5261:Mcarthur, Keith.
4987:Houston Chronicle
4911:Marketing Science
4654:978-0-292-77476-6
4584:BDD Books; 1991,
4535:McChesney, Robert
4500:May 30, 2012, at
4408:978-0-307-76114-9
4377:978-0-307-76114-9
4343:978-0-307-76114-9
4260:978-1-58367-306-5
3922:978-0-300-12011-0
3851:. August 5, 2019.
3827:978-0-19-539243-2
3515:Shock advertising
3475:Local advertising
3410:Commercial speech
3340:J Walter Thompson
3298:E. St. Elmo Lewis
3286:Claude C. Hopkins
3256:Thomas J. Barratt
3249:Benjamin Franklin
3228:data monetization
3224:microtransactions
3105:The semiotics of
2969:7Cs Compass Model
2806:. Cities such as
2635:social television
2572:Republic of China
2509:Flow of Attention
2392:Comcast Spotlight
2349:Rise in new media
2328:augmented reality
2294:generic trademark
2046:Mobile billboards
1700:
1699:
1566:passenger screens
1512:Traditional media
1370:
1268:product placement
1135:consumer research
1127:advertising spots
1082:Los Angeles Times
978:consumer spending
945:Estonian language
835:Thomas J. Barratt
831:industrialization
741:false advertising
728:Thomas J. Barratt
691:Classic of Poetry
539:Thomas J. Barratt
509:
508:
471:Consumer research
352:Promotional media
340:Underwriting spot
315:Product placement
295:On-hold messaging
285:Loyalty marketing
202:Product marketing
197:Digital marketing
43:Advertise (horse)
16:(Redirected from
10684:
10632:Social anarchism
10607:Market socialism
10602:Market anarchism
10508:Critique of work
10398:Private property
10360:Economic freedom
10355:Decentralization
10333:Cultural aspects
10294:Regulated market
10072:Financial crisis
10057:Entrepreneurship
9976:
9969:
9962:
9953:
9952:
9921:Culture industry
9890:Social influence
9843:The Lonely Crowd
9786:Political satire
9751:Call-out culture
9728:Jacques Rancière
9723:Marshall McLuhan
9698:Jean Baudrillard
9642:Viral phenomenon
9576:Public relations
9549:
9548:
9422:Mainstream media
9407:Electronic media
9371:
9364:
9357:
9348:
9347:
9336:Media proprietor
9160:Public relations
9140:Public diplomacy
9125:Information (IT)
9004:Name recognition
8629:Media regulation
8611:Annoyance factor
8468:Call-out culture
8383:Crowd psychology
8357:
8350:
8343:
8334:
8333:
8269:
8262:
8255:
8246:
8245:
8039:Lears, Jackson.
8018:Jacobson, Lisa.
8004:Fox, Stephen R.
7910:Okorie, Nelson.
7824:
7823:
7817:
7809:
7801:
7795:
7788:
7782:
7768:
7759:
7758:
7729:
7723:
7720:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7694:
7688:
7687:,20 (3), 249–73.
7670:
7664:
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7623:
7617:
7610:
7604:
7603:
7595:
7589:
7588:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7524:10.1037/h0028807
7507:
7501:
7500:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7418:
7412:
7411:
7403:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7387:
7376:
7370:
7369:
7351:
7345:
7344:
7324:
7318:
7311:
7305:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7268:
7262:
7251:
7245:
7242:
7236:
7225:
7219:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7182:
7176:
7175:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7088:
7082:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7055:
7053:
7023:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7012:
6997:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6944:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6933:
6918:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6866:
6860:
6857:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6827:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6816:
6807:. Fhwa.dot.gov.
6801:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6696:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6685:
6669:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6620:. Archived from
6614:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6548:
6546:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6501:
6492:(4): 1855–1879.
6477:
6471:
6470:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6403:. Archived from
6397:
6391:
6390:
6388:
6386:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6309:
6299:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6214:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6194:. Usatoday.com.
6187:
6181:
6178:
6172:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6131:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6086:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
5998:
5989:
5976:
5970:
5969:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5897:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5836:
5830:
5828:
5817:
5811:
5810:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5628:
5622:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5500:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5407:Digital Marketer
5399:
5393:
5392:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5334:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5238:. usatoday.Com.
5231:
5225:
5224:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5081:on March 6, 2019
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5051:on March 6, 2019
5037:
5031:
5030:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4979:
4973:
4970:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4827:
4821:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4723:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4679:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4613:Mildred Pierce,
4611:
4605:
4598:
4592:
4580:Copeland, M.A.,
4578:
4572:
4569:
4563:
4556:
4550:
4532:
4526:
4519:
4513:
4492:
4486:
4468:
4462:
4455:
4449:
4442:
4436:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4361:
4352:
4351:
4327:
4321:
4303:
4297:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4244:
4238:
4231:
4225:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4111:The Paris Review
4102:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4088:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4039:
4026:
4018:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3992:
3983:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3902:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3841:
3832:
3831:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3793:. Archived from
3787:
3781:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3748:
3742:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3594:
3585:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3550:
3495:Mobile marketing
3490:Meta-advertising
3395:Annoyance factor
3378:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3358:
2993:personal selling
2985:public relations
2843:AIDA (marketing)
2586:In the realm of
2544:Emirates airline
2517:branding moments
2483:Global marketing
2290:adhesive bandage
2131:Using aircraft,
2113:' contract with
2107:public relations
2034:Reverse Graffiti
2023:Hyderabad, India
2012:
2009:
1854:
1853:
1835:top-level domain
1811:e-mail marketing
1731:impulse purchase
1582:
1578:
1546:human billboards
1526:street furniture
1502:through the line
1476:, London in 1877
1371:
1287:media for equity
884:
881:
874:Advertising for
766:from August 1859
574:
572:
501:
494:
487:
466:Mystery shopping
363:Brand ambassador
300:Personal selling
290:Mobile marketing
270:Direct marketing
255:Ambush marketing
222:Annoyance factor
207:Social marketing
157:Consumer culture
137:Brand management
78:
77:
21:
10692:
10691:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10682:
10681:
10677:Business models
10652:
10651:
10650:
10645:
10627:Sharing economy
10617:Post-capitalism
10587:Green anarchism
10526:
10493:Anti-capitalism
10480:
10416:
10327:
10319:State-sponsored
10176:
10152:Property rights
10127:Nationalization
10037:Economic bubble
9995:
9985:
9980:
9950:
9945:
9931:Media franchise
9904:
9848:
9810:
9766:Culture jamming
9732:
9718:Walter Lippmann
9677:
9646:
9590:
9540:
9504:
9495:Media pluralism
9456:
9380:
9375:
9345:
9340:
9331:Media influence
9326:Media franchise
9311:Media democracy
9277:
9222:
9154:
9096:
9077:Loaded language
9028:
8945:
8862:
8814:
8704:
8633:
8615:
8542:
8483:Culture jamming
8432:
8366:
8361:
8331:
8326:
8322:Toy advertising
8278:
8273:
8197:Duke University
8192:Wayback Machine
8181:
8180:
8179:
8164:
8163:
8159:
8152:
8147:
8133:Tungate, Mark.
8109:(2014): khu013.
8102:(2014): ghu058.
7971:Brandt, Allan.
7968:
7962:
7907:(10th ed. 2014)
7878:Wayback Machine
7851:Biocca, Frank.
7848:(10th ed. 2014)
7833:
7831:Further reading
7828:
7827:
7811:
7810:
7802:
7798:
7792:Modern Business
7789:
7785:
7778:Wayback Machine
7769:
7762:
7755:
7739:Wayback Machine
7730:
7726:
7721:
7717:
7707:
7705:
7696:
7695:
7691:
7681:Wayback Machine
7671:
7667:
7654:
7650:
7640:
7638:
7625:
7624:
7620:
7611:
7607:
7596:
7592:
7561:
7557:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7508:
7504:
7489:10.2307/3150624
7473:
7469:
7438:
7434:
7419:
7415:
7404:
7400:
7392:
7385:
7377:
7373:
7366:
7352:
7348:
7325:
7321:
7312:
7308:
7299:
7295:
7285:
7283:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7252:
7248:
7243:
7239:
7226:
7222:
7209:
7205:
7199:
7183:
7179:
7168:
7164:
7153:
7149:
7134:
7120:
7116:
7105:
7089:
7085:
7072:
7068:
7051:
7049:
7042:
7024:
7020:
7010:
7008:
6999:
6998:
6994:
6984:
6982:
6973:
6972:
6968:
6958:
6956:
6945:
6941:
6931:
6929:
6920:
6919:
6915:
6905:
6903:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6842:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6814:
6812:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6788:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6762:
6760:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6737:
6735:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6707:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6670:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6641:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6601:
6599:
6586:
6585:
6581:
6558:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6527:
6523:
6478:
6474:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6424:
6420:
6410:
6408:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6384:
6382:
6373:
6372:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6348:
6344:
6327:
6323:
6276:
6272:
6263:
6262:
6258:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6215:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6188:
6184:
6179:
6175:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6143:
6139:
6129:
6127:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6099:
6097:
6088:
6087:
6083:
6073:
6071:
6056:
6052:
6042:
6040:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5992:
5986:Wayback Machine
5977:
5973:
5966:Boston Magazine
5958:
5954:
5944:
5942:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5914:
5912:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5884:
5882:
5874:
5873:
5869:
5859:
5857:
5837:
5833:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5793:
5789:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5747:
5743:
5733:
5731:
5716:
5712:
5702:
5700:
5687:Oberoi, Ankit.
5685:
5681:
5671:
5669:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5641:
5639:
5629:
5625:
5619:Wayback Machine
5610:
5606:
5599:
5585:
5581:
5571:
5569:
5551:
5547:
5540:
5526:
5522:
5515:
5501:
5492:
5482:
5480:
5469:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5389:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5359:
5351:
5350:
5346:
5337:Braxton, Greg.
5335:
5331:
5321:
5319:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5232:
5228:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5189:
5188:
5181:
5173:
5167:ZenithOptimedia
5162:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5143:
5141:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5112:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5082:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5054:
5052:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5019:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4981:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4964:
4954:
4952:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4907:
4903:
4880:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4828:
4824:
4815:
4811:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4680:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4655:
4641:
4637:
4631:
4627:
4622:Wayback Machine
4612:
4608:
4599:
4595:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4566:
4557:
4553:
4533:
4529:
4520:
4516:
4493:
4489:
4483:Wayback Machine
4469:
4465:
4456:
4452:
4443:
4439:
4434:Wayback Machine
4424:
4420:
4409:
4393:
4389:
4378:
4362:
4355:
4344:
4328:
4324:
4314:Wayback Machine
4304:
4300:
4291:
4287:
4276:
4272:
4261:
4245:
4241:
4232:
4228:
4219:
4215:
4207:
4196:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4167:Financial Times
4159:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4006:
4002:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3954:10.2307/3115064
3934:
3930:
3923:
3903:
3896:
3885:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3867:St Helen's Star
3861:
3860:
3856:
3843:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3797:on June 8, 2015
3789:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3737:Bhatia (2000).
3736:
3732:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3666:
3662:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3607:Wayback Machine
3595:
3588:
3581:Wayback Machine
3569:
3562:
3551:
3544:
3534:
3529:
3520:Viral marketing
3505:Promotional mix
3480:Market overhang
3405:Branded content
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3345:
3275:
3244:
3208:
3170:
3061:
3055:
3023:
3017:
2981:sales promotion
2890:
2884:
2845:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2769:
2749:health industry
2737:attention theft
2703:
2697:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2650:
2627:program guidess
2604:
2584:
2582:Diversification
2535:
2525:
2513:Flow of Emotion
2505:Market research
2485:
2479:
2416:
2410:
2396:video on demand
2375:
2373:Niche marketing
2351:
2305:Herbal Essences
2274:petroleum jelly
2196:(DVRs) such as
2182:
2173:Friedrichshafen
2010:
1859:Minority Report
1851:
1850:
1514:
1474:Madame Tussauds
1456:Hot air balloon
1394:human billboard
1316:
1314:
1211:
1205:
1165:
1144:
1073:
917:
882:
827:
776:Beecham's Pills
743:and so-called "
716:
650:Egyptians used
618:
612:
570:
565:
561:" advertising.
505:
476:
475:
456:Market research
451:
443:
442:
353:
345:
344:
330:Sales promotion
245:
237:
236:
132:Brand licensing
102:
62:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10690:
10680:
10679:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10532:
10528:
10527:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10488:
10482:
10481:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10422:
10421:Social aspects
10418:
10417:
10415:
10410:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10345:American Dream
10342:
10337:
10335:
10329:
10328:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10182:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10107:Market failure
10104:
10102:Market economy
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10062:Ecopreneurship
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10017:Centralization
10014:
10012:Business cycle
10009:
10003:
10001:
9997:
9996:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9978:
9971:
9964:
9956:
9947:
9946:
9944:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9912:
9910:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9856:
9854:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9846:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9818:
9816:
9812:
9811:
9809:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9756:Cancel culture
9753:
9748:
9742:
9740:
9738:Counterculture
9734:
9733:
9731:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9703:Edward Bernays
9700:
9695:
9689:
9687:
9683:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9658:Catch and kill
9654:
9652:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9644:
9639:
9637:Sensationalism
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9598:
9596:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9572:
9571:
9561:
9555:
9553:
9546:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9526:Bipartisanship
9523:
9521:American Dream
9518:
9512:
9510:
9506:
9505:
9503:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9491:
9490:
9485:
9475:
9470:
9464:
9462:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9388:
9386:
9382:
9381:
9374:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9351:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9302:
9301:
9291:
9285:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9276:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9232:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9208:Understatement
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9185:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9164:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9106:
9104:
9098:
9097:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9072:Indoctrination
9069:
9064:
9059:
9057:Disinformation
9054:
9049:
9044:
9038:
9036:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9026:
9021:
9019:Smear campaign
9016:
9011:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8955:
8953:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8938:
8936:Sensationalism
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8876:Agenda-setting
8872:
8870:
8864:
8863:
8861:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8824:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8750:False document
8747:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8706:
8705:
8703:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8655:Catch and kill
8652:
8647:
8642:
8636:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8614:
8613:
8608:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8552:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8488:Demonstrations
8485:
8480:
8475:
8473:Cancel culture
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8453:
8442:
8440:
8434:
8433:
8431:
8430:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8374:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8360:
8359:
8352:
8345:
8337:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8283:
8280:
8279:
8272:
8271:
8264:
8257:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8238:Art & Copy
8234:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8224:
8218:
8212:
8206:
8178:
8177:
8172:
8166:
8165:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8150:External links
8148:
8146:
8145:
8138:
8131:
8124:
8117:
8110:
8103:
8100:German History
8096:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8065:
8058:
8051:
8044:
8037:
8030:
8023:
8016:
8009:
8002:
7985:
7978:
7964:Main article:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7929:
7922:
7915:
7908:
7901:
7894:
7887:
7880:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7842:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7796:
7783:
7760:
7754:978-1473987494
7753:
7724:
7715:
7689:
7665:
7648:
7618:
7605:
7590:
7555:
7537:
7502:
7483:(4): 545–556.
7467:
7432:
7413:
7398:
7371:
7364:
7346:
7341:10.1086/209060
7319:
7306:
7293:
7263:
7246:
7237:
7220:
7203:
7197:
7177:
7162:
7147:
7133:978-0131866225
7132:
7114:
7104:978-1135693169
7103:
7083:
7066:
7040:
7018:
6992:
6966:
6939:
6913:
6887:
6861:
6852:
6822:
6796:
6770:
6744:
6717:
6691:
6661:
6635:
6624:on May 7, 2016
6609:
6579:
6552:
6521:
6472:
6453:(2): 175–206.
6433:
6418:
6392:
6366:
6357:
6354:. p. 293.
6342:
6321:
6290:(52): 93–103.
6286:(in Spanish).
6270:
6256:
6234:
6209:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6137:
6107:
6081:
6050:
6033:New York Times
6019:
5990:
5971:
5968:. p. 133.
5952:
5922:
5892:
5867:
5831:
5812:
5806:978-1839472060
5805:
5787:
5766:
5760:978-1784622954
5759:
5741:
5710:
5679:
5649:
5623:
5604:
5598:978-3844301175
5597:
5579:
5545:
5538:
5520:
5513:
5490:
5463:
5445:978-1451668391
5444:
5424:
5394:
5387:
5381:. IGI Global.
5369:
5344:
5329:
5303:
5280:
5253:
5226:
5204:
5179:
5151:
5125:
5110:
5092:
5062:
5032:
5017:
4999:
4974:
4962:
4936:
4917:(3): 343–362.
4901:
4874:
4848:
4822:
4809:
4766:
4709:
4690:(3): 135–138.
4674:
4660:
4653:
4635:
4625:
4606:
4593:
4573:
4564:
4551:
4527:
4514:
4487:
4463:
4450:
4437:
4425:Brandt (2009)
4418:
4407:
4398:Land of Desire
4387:
4376:
4367:Land of Desire
4353:
4342:
4333:Land of Desire
4322:
4298:
4285:
4270:
4259:
4239:
4226:
4213:
4184:
4152:
4124:
4097:
4069:
4060:Eric Partridge
4051:
4013:
4000:
3984:
3975:
3948:(2): 290–292.
3928:
3921:
3894:
3879:
3854:
3833:
3826:
3808:
3782:
3769:
3743:
3730:
3711:
3689:
3660:
3637:
3611:
3586:
3560:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3485:Media planning
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Graphic design
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3365:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3304:Arthur Nielsen
3301:
3295:
3292:Ernest Dichter
3289:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:Early 1900s –
3262:
3259:
3252:
3243:
3240:
3207:
3204:
3178:transformation
3169:
3166:
3057:Main article:
3054:
3051:
3019:Main article:
3016:
3013:
2977:Communications
2886:Main article:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2838:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2768:
2765:
2761:political bias
2753:misinformation
2693:Main article:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2649:
2646:
2642:drone displays
2603:
2602:New technology
2600:
2583:
2580:
2564:China Airlines
2524:
2521:
2481:Main article:
2478:
2475:
2420:user-generated
2412:Main article:
2409:
2406:
2401:Google AdSense
2374:
2371:
2350:
2347:
2313:Guitar Hero II
2282:vacuum cleaner
2181:
2178:
2157:Blue Man Group
2145:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:Britney Spears
2111:Michael Phelps
2102:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2055:
2054:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1779:World Wide Web
1771:
1767:
1766:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1706:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1518:wall paintings
1513:
1510:
1494:below the line
1486:above the line
1429:DBAG Class 101
1313:
1312:Classification
1310:
1255:, and outdoor
1207:Main article:
1204:
1201:
1164:
1161:
1143:
1140:
1114:in the 1930s.
1085:on May 6, 1930
1072:
1069:
1064:John B. Watson
1014:Herbert Hoover
988:, a nephew of
986:Edward Bernays
916:
913:
844:Lillie Langtry
826:
823:
760:Beechams Pills
726:created under
715:
712:
676:ancient Greece
672:Lost and found
614:Main article:
611:
608:
559:Madison Avenue
555:Edward Bernays
547:Lillie Langtry
507:
506:
504:
503:
496:
489:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
452:
449:
448:
445:
444:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
373:Drip marketing
370:
365:
360:
354:
351:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
147:Communications
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
85:
84:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10689:
10678:
10675:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10577:Eco-socialism
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10529:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10487:
10483:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10452:Labour supply
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10419:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10370:Individualism
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10334:
10330:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10229:
10228:Laissez-faire
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10192:Authoritarian
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10179:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10142:Privatization
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10112:Merchantilism
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10082:Globalization
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10002:
9998:
9994:
9988:
9984:
9977:
9972:
9970:
9965:
9963:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9913:
9911:
9907:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9851:
9845:
9844:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9832:Mediatization
9830:
9828:
9827:Media studies
9825:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9817:
9813:
9807:
9806:Strike action
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9771:Demonstration
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9739:
9735:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9655:
9653:
9649:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9593:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9550:
9547:
9543:
9537:
9536:Pensée unique
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9480:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9459:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9402:Digital media
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9383:
9379:
9378:Media culture
9372:
9367:
9365:
9360:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9316:Media ecology
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9300:
9299:United States
9297:
9296:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9286:
9284:
9280:
9274:
9273:Telemarketing
9271:
9269:
9266:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9233:
9231:
9229:
9225:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9062:Fearmongering
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9037:
9035:
9031:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:
8948:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8901:False balance
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8873:
8871:
8869:
8865:
8859:
8858:Word of mouth
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8645:Broadcast law
8643:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8493:Deplatforming
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8439:
8435:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8398:False balance
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8358:
8353:
8351:
8346:
8344:
8339:
8338:
8335:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8284:
8281:
8277:
8270:
8265:
8263:
8258:
8256:
8251:
8250:
8247:
8240:
8239:
8235:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8207:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8143:
8139:
8136:
8132:
8129:
8125:
8122:
8118:
8115:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8095:
8091:
8087:
8084:
8080:
8077:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8003:
8001:
8000:0-07-019846-2
7997:
7993:
7989:
7986:
7983:
7979:
7977:
7975:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7943:
7942:
7941:0-631-12743-7
7938:
7934:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7916:
7913:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7895:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7872:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7843:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7821:
7815:
7807:
7800:
7793:
7787:
7779:
7775:
7772:
7767:
7765:
7756:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7728:
7719:
7703:
7699:
7693:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7669:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7636:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7615:
7609:
7601:
7594:
7586:
7582:
7578:
7574:
7570:
7566:
7559:
7551:
7547:
7541:
7533:
7529:
7525:
7521:
7518:(1): 119–23.
7517:
7513:
7506:
7498:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7471:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7436:
7428:
7424:
7417:
7409:
7402:
7391:
7384:
7383:
7375:
7367:
7361:
7357:
7350:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7310:
7303:
7297:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7267:
7260:
7259:4-7944-2158-3
7256:
7250:
7241:
7234:
7233:4-7944-2132-X
7230:
7224:
7217:
7216:4-7944-2030-7
7213:
7207:
7200:
7194:
7190:
7189:
7181:
7173:
7166:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7125:
7118:
7110:
7106:
7100:
7096:
7095:
7087:
7080:
7079:0-13-186622-2
7076:
7070:
7063:
7061:
7047:
7043:
7037:
7033:
7029:
7022:
7006:
7002:
6996:
6980:
6976:
6970:
6954:
6950:
6943:
6927:
6923:
6917:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6856:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6826:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6758:
6754:
6748:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6721:
6705:
6701:
6695:
6679:
6675:
6668:
6666:
6650:
6646:
6639:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6556:
6541:
6540:
6535:
6531:
6525:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6476:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6437:
6429:
6422:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6380:
6376:
6370:
6361:
6353:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6274:
6266:
6260:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6213:
6197:
6193:
6186:
6177:
6168:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6095:
6091:
6085:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6054:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6023:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5975:
5967:
5963:
5956:
5945:September 18,
5940:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5835:
5826:
5822:
5816:
5808:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5783:
5776:
5770:
5762:
5756:
5752:
5745:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5714:
5698:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5638:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5616:
5613:
5608:
5600:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5549:
5541:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5516:
5510:
5507:. Routledge.
5506:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5437:
5436:
5428:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5390:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5340:
5333:
5317:
5313:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5284:
5268:
5264:
5257:
5241:
5237:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5172:
5168:
5161:
5155:
5139:
5135:
5129:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5103:
5096:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5003:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4969:
4967:
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4890:: 1022–1029.
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3266:Albert Lasker
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3254:Late 1800s –
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3247:Late 1700s –
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2882:Marketing mix
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2554:(Singapore),
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2477:Globalization
2474:
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2469:, Zinio, and
2468:
2467:NBC Universal
2464:
2460:
2459:General Mills
2456:
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2414:Crowdsourcing
2408:Crowdsourcing
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1949:
1945:
1941:
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1928:Omega Watches
1925:
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1915:
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1913:Mercedes-Benz
1909:
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987:
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810:profitability
807:
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798:July 20, 1893
797:
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541:was hired by
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438:Word-of-mouth
436:
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34: and
33:
19:
10523:Wage slavery
10477:Unemployment
10457:Productivity
10388:Philanthropy
10339:
10249:Mercantilist
10226:
10197:Conservative
10032:Deregulation
9993:perspectives
9991:Aspects and
9936:Post-Fordism
9926:Mass society
9895:Transparency
9841:
9708:Noam Chomsky
9686:Philosophers
9632:Recuperation
9617:Media circus
9607:Dumbing down
9558:
9473:Media policy
9447:Social media
9321:Media ethics
9241:Door-to-door
9236:Cold calling
9213:Weasel words
9120:Fifth column
9014:Push polling
8964:Astroturfing
8926:Pseudo-event
8906:Infotainment
8881:Broadcasting
8800:Urban legend
8723:April Fools'
8596:Testimonials
8566:Infomercials
8547:
8393:Dumbing down
8275:
8236:
8160:
8144:(Sage, 2013)
8141:
8134:
8127:
8120:
8113:
8106:
8099:
8089:
8082:
8081:Oram, Hugh.
8075:
8068:
8061:
8054:
8047:
8040:
8033:
8026:
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7988:Ewen, Stuart
7981:
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7744:
7727:
7718:
7706:. Retrieved
7692:
7684:
7668:
7660:
7656:
7651:
7639:. Retrieved
7630:
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7301:
7296:
7286:February 13,
7284:. Retrieved
7275:
7266:
7249:
7240:
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7206:
7187:
7180:
7171:
7165:
7156:
7150:
7123:
7117:
7093:
7086:
7069:
7059:
7057:
7050:. Retrieved
7031:
7021:
7011:September 5,
7009:. Retrieved
6995:
6985:September 5,
6983:. Retrieved
6969:
6959:September 5,
6957:. Retrieved
6942:
6932:September 5,
6930:. Retrieved
6916:
6906:September 5,
6904:. Retrieved
6890:
6880:September 5,
6878:. Retrieved
6864:
6855:
6843:. Retrieved
6834:
6825:
6813:. Retrieved
6799:
6787:. Retrieved
6773:
6761:. Retrieved
6757:the original
6747:
6736:, retrieved
6726:
6720:
6710:September 5,
6708:. Retrieved
6694:
6684:September 5,
6682:. Retrieved
6652:. Retrieved
6648:
6638:
6626:. Retrieved
6622:the original
6612:
6600:. Retrieved
6582:
6568:(2): 48–52.
6565:
6561:
6555:
6543:. Retrieved
6537:
6524:
6489:
6486:Econometrica
6485:
6475:
6450:
6446:
6436:
6427:
6421:
6409:. Retrieved
6405:the original
6395:
6383:. Retrieved
6369:
6360:
6351:
6345:
6331:
6324:
6287:
6283:
6273:
6259:
6246:
6243:"Reality TV"
6237:
6222:
6212:
6200:. Retrieved
6185:
6180:Young, p.131
6176:
6167:
6155:. Retrieved
6140:
6128:. Retrieved
6119:
6110:
6098:. Retrieved
6093:
6084:
6072:. Retrieved
6063:
6053:
6041:. Retrieved
6032:
6022:
6010:. Retrieved
5974:
5965:
5955:
5943:. Retrieved
5939:the original
5925:
5913:. Retrieved
5904:
5895:
5883:. Retrieved
5879:
5870:
5858:. Retrieved
5844:
5834:
5815:
5796:
5790:
5781:
5769:
5750:
5744:
5732:. Retrieved
5723:
5713:
5701:. Retrieved
5692:
5682:
5672:December 14,
5670:. Retrieved
5661:
5652:
5640:. Retrieved
5636:
5626:
5607:
5588:
5582:
5570:. Retrieved
5558:
5548:
5529:
5523:
5504:
5483:December 15,
5481:. Retrieved
5466:
5456:December 15,
5454:. Retrieved
5434:
5427:
5417:September 8,
5415:. Retrieved
5406:
5397:
5378:
5372:
5360:. Retrieved
5357:newradio.com
5356:
5347:
5338:
5332:
5320:. Retrieved
5306:
5293:
5283:
5271:. Retrieved
5267:the original
5256:
5244:. Retrieved
5229:
5216:
5207:
5194:
5171:the original
5154:
5144:February 18,
5142:. Retrieved
5138:the original
5128:
5101:
5095:
5083:. Retrieved
5079:the original
5074:
5065:
5053:. Retrieved
5049:the original
5044:
5035:
5008:
5002:
4990:. Retrieved
4986:
4977:
4955:December 15,
4953:. Retrieved
4939:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4865:. Retrieved
4851:
4843:
4831:
4825:
4817:
4812:
4782:(2): 57–59.
4779:
4775:
4769:
4729:
4725:
4712:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4663:
4644:
4638:
4628:
4609:
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4596:
4581:
4576:
4567:
4559:
4554:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4490:
4474:(2010), pp.
4471:
4466:
4458:
4453:
4445:
4440:
4421:
4397:
4390:
4366:
4332:
4325:
4317:
4301:
4293:
4288:
4279:
4273:
4249:
4242:
4234:
4229:
4221:
4216:
4200:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4166:
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4115:. Retrieved
4109:
4100:
4092:
4085:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4063:
4054:
4042:. Retrieved
4028:
4016:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3978:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3907:
3888:
3882:
3870:. Retrieved
3866:
3857:
3848:
3817:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:the original
3785:
3777:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3746:
3738:
3733:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3663:
3650:
3640:
3628:. Retrieved
3624:the original
3614:
3598:
3572:
3554:
3536:
3535:
3376:Media portal
3310:David Ogilvy
3209:
3206:Alternatives
3195:
3171:
3159:
3135:
3104:
3093:
3062:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:copy testing
3024:
2973:Co-marketing
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2846:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2770:
2741:
2722:
2709:
2683:
2674:
2654:
2651:
2639:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2585:
2536:
2498:
2486:
2447:
2417:
2379:niche market
2376:
2360:
2339:mind control
2332:
2330:technology.
2325:
2298:
2250:
2239:
2224:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2190:
2183:
2171:(D-LZFN) of
2062:
1967:Blade Runner
1965:
1951:
1944:Aston Martin
1921:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1849:
1826:Domain names
1813:, including
1515:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1479:
1459:
1295:
1284:
1261:
1250:
1212:
1172:
1166:
1145:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1088:
1080:
1061:
1053:
1043:
1026:
1022:
1008:
1000:
995:
975:
971:
964:
955:in the 1930s
915:20th century
887:
862:
860:
828:
803:
801:
795:
769:
749:
737:
704:
695:Song dynasty
688:
680:ancient Rome
666:and ancient
649:
644:
630:Song dynasty
603:
601:
563:
532:
517:
511:
510:
249:
182:Segmentation
107:Distribution
101:Key concepts
74:laundry soap
63:
52:
10662:Advertising
10642:Syndicalism
10562:Communalism
10427:Corporatism
10403:Rule of law
10350:Consumerism
10340:Advertising
10239:Libertarian
10217:Free-market
10187:Anglo-Saxon
10167:Wage labour
10117:Meritocracy
10067:Externality
10022:Competition
9815:In academia
9801:Review bomb
9622:Media event
9559:Advertising
9531:Consumerism
9452:State media
9193:Sound bites
9173:Doublespeak
9024:Wedge issue
8984:Dog whistle
8959:Advertising
8785:Lying press
8770:Gaslighting
8548:Advertising
8523:Occupations
8413:Obfuscation
8403:Half-truths
8161:Advertising
8123:(2013). 5#4
8092:(2000) 1#1
8050:(2015) 15#4
7631:The Balance
6845:January 20,
6411:January 18,
6307:10272/14091
5880:Warner Bros
5782:www.itu.int
5642:December 4,
5572:November 8,
5362:November 8,
4600:Leigh, F.,
4558:Leigh, F.,
3994:Matt Haig,
3872:November 5,
3704:October 31,
3682:January 18,
3425:Copywriting
3420:Conquesting
3390:Advertorial
3131:gender role
3127:traditional
3073:brand names
3043:ad tracking
3041:Continuous
2941:convenience
2795:in the UK.
2631:mobile apps
2471:Mini Cooper
2387:mass market
2367:advergaming
2258:photocopier
2205:e-mail spam
2169:Zeppelin NT
2038:air dancers
2011: 1949
1815:e-mail spam
1727:infomercial
1534:web banners
1297:Domain name
1057:sexual sell
973:Recession.
883: 1890
722:Poster for
708:town criers
593:Interpublic
579:groups are
512:Advertising
275:Franchising
250:Advertising
217:Attribution
142:Co-creation
47:The Adverts
10656:Categories
10531:Antithesis
10462:Prosperity
10437:Employment
10384:Mainstream
10375:Liberalism
10299:Regulatory
10274:Neoliberal
10222:Humanistic
10207:Democratic
10162:Regulation
10027:Depression
9983:Capitalism
9880:Media bias
9781:Occupation
9713:Guy Debord
9595:Techniques
9564:Propaganda
9461:Principles
9437:News media
9417:Mass media
9294:Media bias
9150:Subversion
9115:False flag
9092:Techniques
9034:Propaganda
8994:Lawn signs
8974:Canvassing
8868:News media
8624:Censorship
8556:Billboards
8508:Hacktivism
8498:Grassroots
8423:Persuasion
7571:(3): 503.
7448:(4): 257.
7335:(2): 196.
7052:August 16,
6789:October 5,
6763:October 5,
6654:August 14,
5885:August 23,
5860:August 23,
5799:. EDTECH.
5263:"Business"
5111:0585459525
5018:0585459525
4590:0792454510
4280:Propaganda
4177:August 25,
4145:August 25,
4117:August 25,
3849:The Herald
3776:Hong Liu,
3762:August 31,
3532:References
3161:Voiceovers
3099:silhouette
3047:Communicus
2866:Conviction
2863:Preference
2841:See also:
2830:See also:
2816:Toubon Law
2767:Regulation
2699:See also:
2689:Criticisms
2529:Soft power
2527:See also:
2443:Jones Soda
2404:visitors.
2343:propaganda
2235:2D barcode
2141:Skywriting
2030:Billboards
1974:billboard.
1948:James Bond
1901:Spaceballs
1886:Will Smith
1864:Tom Cruise
1819:Native Ads
1795:rich media
1793:text ads,
1787:banner ads
1714:Super Bowl
1704:Television
1542:skywriting
1530:rack cards
1522:billboards
1445:Transperth
1253:streetcars
1232:, changed
1187:, such as
1177:by-product
1121:soap opera
1112:television
982:sublimated
839:Pears soap
724:Pears soap
641:Edo period
602:In Latin,
433:Web banner
320:Propaganda
127:Activation
91:Management
10637:Socialism
10612:Mutualism
10567:Communism
10537:Anarchism
10486:Criticism
10467:Syndicate
10202:Corporate
10157:Recession
10132:Oligopoly
10097:Invention
9860:Anonymity
9569:Fake news
9545:Deception
9442:Old media
9427:New media
9256:Promotion
9135:Political
9042:Bandwagon
8969:Attack ad
8848:Publicity
8820:Marketing
8733:Fake news
8695:Religious
8690:Political
8670:Euphemism
8665:Cover-ups
8660:Corporate
8528:Petitions
8418:Orwellian
8388:Deception
8203:Ad*Access
7585:144741368
7462:167941776
6922:"Pricing"
6815:April 20,
6602:April 20,
6545:August 9,
6516:233474042
6508:1468-0262
6385:April 20,
6316:1134-3478
6284:Comunicar
6202:April 20,
6130:April 30,
6094:adage.com
6064:USA Today
5915:March 25,
5855:0099-9660
5734:April 28,
5703:April 28,
5567:0362-4331
5322:April 20,
5273:April 20,
5246:April 20,
4931:0732-2399
4867:April 20,
4840:0015-8259
4804:144435476
4796:0091-3367
4746:0028-0283
4704:0148-2963
4512:Co., 1911
3962:2044-768X
3430:Demo mode
3236:donations
3232:Knowledge
3216:donations
3123:attention
3119:masculine
3069:Semiotics
3059:Semiotics
3053:Semiotics
2989:publicity
2967:) in the
2946:commodity
2918:Promotion
2857:Knowledge
2854:Awareness
2808:São Paulo
2648:Education
2576:Air China
2463:Microsoft
2455:Hershey's
2433:Chevrolet
2383:long tail
2317:CoverGirl
2115:Kellogg's
2089:Novelties
2006:, London
1972:Coca-Cola
1775:promotion
1650:Magazines
1637:Newspaper
1574:streaming
1215:ad server
1004:Sex sells
894:chocolate
855:Coca-Cola
805:La Presse
785:St Helens
739:However,
645:Kinseitan
604:advertere
393:New media
325:Publicity
177:Promotion
162:Dominance
82:Marketing
10264:National
10259:Monopoly
10212:Dirigist
10181:Ideology
9909:Synonyms
9900:Violence
9776:Graffiti
9509:Ideology
9203:Transfer
9145:Sedition
9009:Negative
8921:Newspeak
8911:Managing
8853:Research
8828:Branding
8780:Literary
8745:Fakelore
8738:websites
8728:Deepfake
8685:Internet
8576:Modeling
8533:Protests
8513:Internet
8446:Advocacy
8438:Activism
8221:ROAD 2.0
8188:Archived
7874:Archived
7814:cite web
7774:Archived
7747:. SAGE.
7735:Archived
7732:Page 209
7702:Archived
7677:Archived
7635:Archived
7550:Archived
7427:Archived
7390:Archived
7280:Archived
7142:61448283
7109:Archived
7046:Archived
7005:Archived
6979:Archived
6953:Archived
6926:Archived
6900:Archived
6874:Archived
6839:Archived
6809:Archived
6783:Archived
6732:archived
6704:Archived
6678:Archived
6596:Archived
6467:49319915
6379:Archived
6337:Archived
6251:Archived
6229:Archived
6196:Archived
6151:Archived
6124:Archived
6100:March 4,
6068:Archived
6037:Archived
6006:Archived
5982:Archived
5909:Archived
5825:Archived
5728:Archived
5724:Mashable
5697:Archived
5666:Archived
5615:Archived
5477:Archived
5450:Archived
5411:Archived
5316:Archived
5298:Archived
5240:Archived
5221:Archived
5199:Archived
5120:52732761
5085:March 4,
5055:March 4,
5027:52732761
4992:June 14,
4949:Archived
4861:Archived
4758:Archived
4754:42028642
4618:Archived
4498:Archived
4479:Archived
4430:Archived
4413:Archived
4382:Archived
4348:Archived
4310:Archived
4265:Archived
4205:Archived
4201:SSRN.com
4171:Archived
4087:March 2,
4044:April 6,
4035:Archived
3756:Archived
3676:Archived
3655:Archived
3603:Archived
3577:Archived
3348:See also
3214:include
3174:problems
3157:claims.
3143:brochure
3115:feminine
3045:and the
3015:Research
2929:consumer
2869:Purchase
2781:gambling
2745:Cosmetic
2671:Purposes
2623:Survivor
2612:box sets
2286:Band-Aid
2270:Vaseline
2244:and the
2137:airships
2133:balloons
1918:Cadillac
1896:I, Robot
1891:Converse
1881:I, Robot
1862:, where
1763:Arbitron
1717:football
1609:Desktop
1554:logojets
1464:magazine
1276:Facebook
1274:such as
1246:Facebook
953:Helsinki
890:biscuits
772:Beechams
734:, London
684:rock art
589:Publicis
520:branding
450:Research
305:Premiums
260:Branding
187:Strategy
55:episodes
51:List of
10518:Marxism
10380:Liberty
10324:Welfare
10284:Private
10234:Liberal
10000:General
9885:Privacy
9791:Protest
9746:Boycott
9612:Framing
9282:Related
9261:Spaving
9246:Pricing
9188:Slogans
9130:Lawfare
9067:Framing
9047:Big lie
8838:Product
8833:Loyalty
8765:Forgery
8710:Hoaxing
8591:Slogans
8571:Mobiles
8463:Boycott
8371:Context
8215:AdViews
7960:History
7532:5436459
7497:3150624
6738:July 5,
6530:Wu, Tim
6224:Fortune
6157:May 10,
6074:May 10,
6043:May 10,
6012:May 10,
5905:Blippar
4832:Fortune
4669:"Slate"
4633:109–125
4470:Petit,
3970:3115064
3801:July 9,
3741:, 62+68
3328:Al Ries
3212:revenue
3151:females
3095:Apple's
2964:channel
2925:four Cs
2906:Product
2902:four Ps
2777:tobacco
2773:alcohol
2574:), and
2429:Doritos
2425:PepsiCo
2284:, and "
2262:Kleenex
2242:rockets
2051:backlit
1992:Outdoor
1875:Bulgari
1710:airtime
1280:Twitter
1257:posters
1223:coupons
1219:dot-com
1104:jingles
1100:mascots
1096:slogans
949:Tallinn
878:wafers
664:Pompeii
652:papyrus
610:History
581:Omnicom
573:billion
122:Service
112:Pricing
18:Adverts
10309:Social
10279:Nordic
10244:Market
10172:Wealth
10147:Profit
9853:Issues
9651:Others
8886:Circus
8795:Racial
8158:about
8094:online
8078:(1982)
8057:(2014)
8043:(1995)
7998:
7984:(2008)
7976:(2009)
7939:
7914:(2011)
7893:(2013)
7886:(2013)
7871:online
7841:(2012)
7751:
7708:May 7,
7641:May 7,
7583:
7530:
7495:
7460:
7362:
7257:
7231:
7214:
7195:
7140:
7130:
7101:
7077:
7038:
6628:May 6,
6514:
6506:
6465:
6314:
5853:
5803:
5757:
5693:AdPush
5637:NextTV
5595:
5565:
5536:
5511:
5442:
5385:
5217:Forbes
5195:Forbes
5118:
5108:
5025:
5015:
4929:
4838:
4802:
4794:
4752:
4744:
4702:
4651:
4588:
4549:(1999)
4545:
4457:Ewen,
4444:Ewen,
4405:
4374:
4340:
4257:
4233:Ewen,
4220:Ewen,
3968:
3960:
3919:
3824:
3226:, and
3199:Barbie
3107:gender
3089:colors
3085:colors
3007:, and
2860:Liking
2826:Theory
2757:ethics
2568:Taiwan
2321:Toyota
2319:, and
2301:The CW
2278:Hoover
2266:tissue
2159:livery
2127:Aerial
2064:RedEye
1956:. In "
1839:Google
1770:Online
1689:Cinema
1644:10.1%
1631:18.4%
1618:18.2%
1604:34.8%
1591:2017
1585:Medium
1538:popups
1433:UNICEF
1406:Daikin
1291:equity
1242:Google
1230:Google
1195:, and
1102:, and
780:guinea
668:Arabia
597:Dentsu
595:, and
571:
569:529.43
310:Prizes
172:Ethics
117:Retail
10314:State
10304:Rhine
10254:Mixed
9552:Forms
9385:Media
9228:Sales
8931:Scrum
8891:Cycle
8805:Virus
8675:Films
8640:Books
8581:Radio
8561:False
8538:Youth
8518:Media
8451:group
8408:Media
7581:S2CID
7493:JSTOR
7458:S2CID
7393:(PDF)
7386:(PDF)
6649:Axios
6539:Wired
6512:S2CID
6463:S2CID
5778:(PDF)
5174:(PDF)
5163:(PDF)
4800:S2CID
4761:(PDF)
4750:S2CID
4722:(PDF)
4208:(PDF)
4197:(PDF)
4038:(PDF)
4025:(PDF)
3966:JSTOR
3537:Notes
3187:aerie
3147:Males
3077:logos
3065:signs
2914:Place
2910:Price
2717:Camel
2596:SMART
2560:Qatar
2548:Dubai
2363:Flash
2337:(see
2309:Crest
2256:" = "
2254:Xerox
2220:Admob
2042:tents
1979:Print
1962:Dodge
1869:Nokia
1797:ads,
1789:, in
1758:Radio
1754:Radio
1696:0.7%
1683:5.9%
1670:6.6%
1657:5.3%
1641:12.8%
1615:19.9%
1601:37.7%
1431:with
1306:WHOIS
1108:radio
1042:1916
819:Havas
745:quack
699:Jinan
626:Jinan
543:Pears
280:Label
72:Rinso
9796:Punk
9581:Spin
9198:Spin
8775:List
8700:Self
8378:Bias
7996:ISBN
7937:ISBN
7820:link
7749:ISBN
7741:in:
7710:2017
7643:2017
7616:, 75
7528:PMID
7360:ISBN
7288:2017
7255:ISBN
7229:ISBN
7212:ISBN
7193:ISBN
7138:OCLC
7128:ISBN
7099:ISBN
7075:ISBN
7054:2013
7036:ISBN
7013:2016
6987:2016
6961:2016
6934:2016
6908:2016
6882:2016
6847:2014
6817:2009
6791:2015
6765:2015
6740:2010
6712:2016
6686:2016
6656:2024
6630:2016
6604:2015
6547:2021
6504:ISSN
6413:2014
6387:2009
6312:ISSN
6204:2009
6159:2010
6132:2017
6102:2019
6076:2010
6045:2010
6014:2010
5947:2012
5917:2014
5887:2019
5862:2019
5851:ISSN
5801:ISBN
5755:ISBN
5736:2016
5705:2016
5674:2015
5644:2021
5593:ISBN
5574:2021
5563:ISSN
5534:ISBN
5509:ISBN
5485:2014
5458:2014
5440:ISBN
5419:2015
5383:ISBN
5364:2021
5324:2009
5275:2009
5248:2009
5146:2017
5116:OCLC
5106:ISBN
5087:2019
5057:2019
5023:OCLC
5013:ISBN
4994:2018
4957:2014
4927:ISSN
4869:2009
4836:ISSN
4792:ISSN
4742:ISSN
4700:ISSN
4649:ISBN
4586:ISBN
4543:ISBN
4485:–68.
4427:p.31
4403:ISBN
4372:ISBN
4338:ISBN
4255:ISBN
4179:2021
4147:2021
4119:2021
4089:2022
4046:2014
3958:ISSN
3917:ISBN
3874:2023
3822:ISBN
3803:2015
3764:2014
3706:2017
3684:2014
3632:2015
3185:and
3183:Dove
2952:cost
2933:cost
2892:The
2759:and
2747:and
2729:spam
2715:for
2616:sold
2594:and
2592:TAXI
2531:and
2515:and
2451:Nike
2288:" =
2280:" =
2272:" =
2264:" =
2260:", "
2198:TiVo
2186:data
2061:The
1942:and
1936:VAIO
1932:Ford
1910:and
1907:Audi
1898:and
1809:and
1693:0.6%
1680:6.5%
1667:6.8%
1654:6.5%
1628:9.2%
1588:2015
1556:"),
1548:and
1244:and
951:and
892:and
678:and
658:and
567:US$
535:soap
10289:Raw
10269:Neo
8586:Sex
7949:in
7663:449
7659:in
7573:doi
7520:doi
7485:doi
7450:doi
7337:doi
6592:CBS
6570:doi
6494:doi
6455:doi
6302:hdl
6292:doi
4919:doi
4892:doi
4784:doi
4734:doi
4692:doi
4316:."
3950:doi
3117:or
3009:MIS
3005:SNS
2975:).
2904:".
2779:or
2562:),
2550:),
2345:).
2276:, "
2268:, "
2151:An
2135:or
1940:BMW
1560:on
1490:ATL
1461:GEO
1278:or
1189:QVC
1173:for
1169:MTV
997:do.
943:An
933:GDP
585:WPP
10658::
8601:TV
7990:.
7816:}}
7812:{{
7763:^
7700:.
7683:,
7633:.
7629:.
7579:.
7569:44
7567:.
7526:.
7516:34
7514:.
7491:.
7481:15
7479:.
7456:.
7444:.
7425:.
7388:.
7333:13
7331:.
7278:.
7274:.
7136:.
7107:.
7056:.
7044:.
7030:.
6833:.
6730:,
6664:^
6647:.
6594:.
6590:.
6564:.
6536:.
6510:.
6502:.
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