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for crop dusting slowly spread in the
Americas and, to a lesser extent, other nations in the 1930s. The name 'crop dusting' originated here, as actual dust was spread across the crops. Today, aerial applicators use liquid crop protection products in very small doses.
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have also been used for agricultural spraying. This phenomenon started in Japan and South Korea, where mountainous terrain and relatively small family-owned farms required lower-cost and higher-precision spraying. As of 2014, the use of UAV crop dusters, such as the
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Agricultural aircraft are highly specialized, purpose-built aircraft. Today's agricultural aircraft are often powered by turbine engines of up to 1,500 shp (1,100 kW) and can carry as much as 800 US gallons (3,000 L) of crop protection product.
224:
736:
van Wendel de Joode, Berna; Mora, Ana MarĂa; CĂłrdoba, Leonel; Cano, Juan Camilo; Quesada, Rosario; Faniband, Moosa; Wesseling, Catharina; Ruepert, Clemens; Ă–berg, Mattias; Eskenazi, Brenda; Mergler, Donna (December 2014).
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van, Wendel de Joode Berna; Mora, Ana MarĂa; C, Ăłrdoba Leonel; Cano, Juan Camilo; Quesada, Rosario; Faniband, Moosa; Wesseling, Catharina; Ruepert, Clemens; Ă–berg, Mattias; Eskenazi, Brenda; Mergler, Donna (2014-12-01).
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keeps track of relevant research. Historically, there has been concerns about the effects of aerial applications of pesticides and the chemicals' effects as they spread in the air. For example, the aerial application of
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is the aerial application of fertilisers over farmland using agricultural aircraft. It was developed in New
Zealand in the 1940s and rapidly adopted elsewhere in the 1950s.
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739:"Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)"
689:"Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA)"
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The first known use of a heavier-than-air machine to disperse products occurred on August 3, 1921. Crop dusting was developed under the joint efforts of the
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The first known aerial application of agricultural materials was by John
Chaytor, who in 1906 spread seed over a swamped valley floor in
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was the first aircraft designed by a major company for agricultural aviation. Currently, the most common agricultural aircraft are the
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42:
380:, and other products out of environmental and public health concerns, in particular from spray drift. Most notably, in 2009, the
85:. Planting certain types of seed are also included in aerial application. The specific spreading of fertilizer is also known as
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banned it outright with a few highly restricted exceptions in 2009, effectively ending the practice in all member states.
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collected public comments to use within a Draft
Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), which was developed because the
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with mobile tethers. Aerial sowing of seed still continues to this day with cover crop applications and rice planting.
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In 1951, Leland Snow designed the first aircraft specifically built for aerial application, the S-1. In 1957, The
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by Huff-Daland Crop
Dusting, which was co-founded by McCook Field test pilot Lt. Harold R. Harris. Use of
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ruled that aerial application of fire retardants during wildfires violated the
Endangered Species Act.
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411:(EPA) provides guideline documents and hosts webinars about best practices for aerial application.
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Since the 1970s, multiple countries started to limit or ban the aerial application of pesticides,
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prohibited aerial spraying of pesticides with a few highly-restricted exceptions in article 9 of
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establishing a framework for
Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides
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engineer E. Dormoy (left) in front of the 1st crop duster airplane (August 3, 1921)
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in some countries. Many countries have severely limited aerial application of
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and other products because of environmental and public health hazards like
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Yamaha Demos
Agricultural RoboCopter, But Humans Can't Unleash It Yet
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Taonga, New
Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
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The first commercial cropdusting operations began in 1924 in
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are sometimes used, and some aircraft serve double duty as
796:"Results 1 through 10 of 273,030 for aerial+application"
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202:. The first test was considered highly successful.
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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Dispersal of chemicals from aircraft or helicopters
566:. Dayton, Ohio: Landfall Press. pp. 190–191.
368:is likely a source of concern for pregnant women.
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409:United States Environmental Protection Agency
338:commonly used for aerial application in Japan
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456:Aerial spraying of herbicides in Colombia
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164:. Under the direction of McCook engineer
589:"The Airplane in Catalpa Sphinx Control"
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29:
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476:"Delta Air Lines | DL | DAL | Heathrow"
179:was modified at McCook Field to spread
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503:"EUR-Lex - 32009L0128 - EN - EUR-Lex"
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663:"NIEHS Search:"aerial application""
70:Altitude and wind affect dispersion
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825:Environmental Health Perspectives
743:Environmental Health Perspectives
693:Environmental Health Perspectives
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38:crop duster applying a fine mist
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170:United States Army Air Service
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520:Ganesh, A. S. (2014-08-05).
416:United States Forest Service
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819:Dooley, Erin (2011-09-01).
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322:Unmanned aerial application
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562:Johnson, Mary Ann (2002).
246:First crop dusting used a
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62:fitted with spraying booms
312:Rockwell Thrush Commander
230:Lt. Macready (right) and
344:unmanned aerial vehicles
304:Piper PA-36 Pawnee Brave
877:Occupations in aviation
608:(subscription required)
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308:Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema
136:, New Zealand, using a
564:McCook Field 1917–1927
423:Federal District Court
342:Since the late 1990s,
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266:Purpose-built aircraft
156:' research station at
154:U.S. Army Signal Corps
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837:10.1289/ehp.119-a384b
587:Houser, J.S. (1922),
522:"A top-down approach"
435:Pesticide application
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83:agricultural aircraft
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314:, but multi-purpose
272:Grumman G-164 Ag-Cat
99:; most notably, the
50:spreading fertilizer
755:10.1289/ehp.1307679
705:10.1289/ehp.1307679
391:European Parliament
389:2009/128/EC of the
882:Aerial application
667:seek.niehs.nih.gov
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260:Aerial topdressing
128:Aerial seed sowing
115:in areas prone to
88:aerial topdressing
75:Aerial application
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749:(12): 1321–1328.
699:(12): 1321–1328.
652:, Oct. 16th 2014.
507:eur-lex.europa.eu
452:spray application
175:Jenny piloted by
16:(Redirected from
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450:Ultra-low volume
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177:John A. Macready
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318:are also used.
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138:hot air balloon
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60:Schweizer S269C
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624:teara.govt.nz
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620:"Topdressing"
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349:Yamaha R-MAX
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332:Yamaha R-MAX
300:PAC Fletcher
292:PZL-106 KRUK
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255:Top dressing
232:McCook Field
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188:caterpillars
162:Dayton, Ohio
158:McCook Field
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144:Crop dusting
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79:crop dusting
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36:PZL-106 Kruk
867:Agriculture
595:(7): 126–36
393:and of the
378:fertilizers
316:helicopters
276:Air Tractor
211:insecticide
173:Curtiss JN4
109:Helicopters
97:spray drift
861:Categories
821:"The Beat"
805:2022-04-01
672:2022-04-01
629:2021-07-05
539:2022-03-11
485:2022-05-06
462:References
403:Guidelines
196:Troy, Ohio
194:farm near
93:pesticides
763:0091-6765
534:0971-751X
526:The Hindu
387:Directive
215:fungicide
117:wildfires
794:US EPA.
781:25198283
723:25198283
429:See also
366:mancozeb
355:Concerns
183:to kill
152:and the
48:Mil Mi-8
846:3230417
772:4256696
714:4256696
445:Sprayer
420:Montana
395:Council
198:in the
192:catalpa
123:History
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310:, and
134:Wairoa
190:at a
777:PMID
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568:ISBN
530:ISSN
407:The
372:Bans
359:The
334:, a
213:and
168:, a
841:PMC
833:doi
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336:UAV
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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