29:
515:. Atmospheric tides dominate the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, serving as an important mechanism for transporting energy from the upper atmosphere into the lower atmosphere. Terrestrial aeronomers study atmospheric tides because an understanding of them is essential to an understanding of the atmosphere as a whole and of benefit in improving the understanding of meteorology. Modeling and observations of atmospheric tides allow researchers to monitor and predict changes in the Earth's atmosphere.
392:
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442:. Although terrestrial aeronomy and meteorology once were completely separate fields of scientific study, cooperation between terrestrial aeronomers and meteorologists has grown as discoveries made since the early 1990s have demonstrated that the upper and lower atmospheres have an impact on one another's
631:
uses the findings of terrestrial and planetary aeronomy — traditionally separate scientific fields — to compare the characteristics and behaviors of the atmospheres of other planets with one another and with the upper atmosphere of Earth. It seeks to identify and describe the ways in which differing
575:
studies the regions of the atmospheres of other planets that correspond to the Earth's mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, and ionosphere. In some cases, a planet's entire atmosphere may consist only of what on Earth constitutes the upper atmosphere, or only a portion of it. Planetary aeronomers use
656:
An alternative definition divides the atmosphere into three rather than two parts, with the "upper atmosphere" limited to the exosphere and thermosphere, the mesosphere and stratosphere making up the "middle atmosphere," and the "lower atmosphere" consisting only of the troposphere. Use of this
541:"Upper-atmospheric lightning" or "upper-atmospheric discharge" are terms aeronomers sometimes use to refer to a family of electrical-breakdown phenomena in the Earth's upper atmosphere that occur well above the altitudes of the
264:, study the motions and chemical composition and properties of the Earth's upper atmosphere and regions of the atmospheres of other planets that correspond to it, as well as the interaction between upper atmospheres and the
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definition does not change the focus of aeronomy, which is all of the Earth's atmosphere above the stratopause, or of meteorology, which is all of the Earth's atmosphere below the stratopause.
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observed in the lower atmosphere. Currently, the preferred term for an electrical-discharge phenomenon induced in the upper atmosphere by tropospheric lightning is "
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adopted it. "Aeronomy" later also began to refer to the study of the corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets.
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592:, or land on other planets to gain knowledge of the atmospheres of those planets through the use of instruments such as
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552:" (TLE). There are various types of TLEs including red sprites, sprite halos, blue jets, and ELVES (an acronym for "
374:
373:(center) are among the tools aeronomers use to gather data on the Earth's upper atmosphere. At right, a model of the
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Atmospheric tides are global-scale periodic oscillations of the Earth′s atmosphere, analogous in many ways to ocean
28:
612:. Although planetary aeronomy originally was confined to the study of the atmospheres of the other planets in the
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134:
60:
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1010:
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has allowed planetary aeronomers to expand their field to include the atmospheres of those planets as well.
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Royal
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy "Aeronomy, atmosphere science, what is it?" Accessed 21 May 2021
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Nagy, Andrew F.; Balogh, André; Thomas E. Cravens; Mendillo, Michael; Mueller-Woodarg, Ingo (2008).
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Aeronomy of the Middle
Atmosphere : Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
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on various planets affect the creation, evolution, diversity, and disappearance of atmospheres.
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Nagy, Andrew F., "History of
Planetary Aeronomy," cosmos.esa.int Accessed 23 March 2021
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and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of both
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829:, Geophysical Monograph Series Volume 130, 2002, unpaginated Accessed 23 March 2021"
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entitled "Some
Thoughts on Nomenclature." The term became official in 1954 when the
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Volland, H., "Atmospheric Tidal and
Planetary Waves", Kluwer Publ., Dordrecht, 1988
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processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. Terrestrial aeronomers use ground-based
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Representation of upper-atmospheric lightning and electrical-discharge phenomena
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Earle R. Williams (November 2001) "Sprites, elves, and glow discharge tubes,"
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Science of the upper region of the Earth's or other planetary atmospheres
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857:"Planetary Aeronomy," Imperial College London Accessed 23 March 2021
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to describe the study of the Earth's upper atmosphere in 1946 in a
825:"Mendillo, Michael, Andrew Nagy, and J .H. Waite, "Introduction,"
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Planetary
Aeronomy: Atmosphere Environments in Planetary Systems
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focuses on the Earth's upper atmosphere, which extends from the
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An animation of atmospheric tide data gathered by the
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environment. In atmospheric regions aeronomers study,
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Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative
Aeronomy
377:(AIM) satellite, launched in 2007 to gather data on
947:Abstract of Bauer, Siegfried J, and Helmut Lammer,
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473:, and ELVES. They also investigate the causes of
314:Aeronomy can be divided into three main branches:
852:
850:
778:Sydney Chapman, "Some Thoughts on Nomenclature,"
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260:. Scientists specializing in aeronomy, known as
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518:
304:International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
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913:(11) : 41-47. Available on-line at:
497:to gather data from the upper atmosphere.
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782:157, (1946): 405. Available on-line at:
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430:. Terrestrial aeronomy contrasts with
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414:and is defined as consisting of the
872:. Physics of the Upper Atmosphere.
13:
410:to the atmosphere's boundary with
193:Glossary of tropical cyclone terms
14:
1037:
967:
952:, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004,
426:and their ionized component, the
375:Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere
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347:
338:
27:
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244:is the scientific study of the
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650:
616:, the discovery since 1995 of
135:Climate variability and change
1:
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457:Terrestrial aeronomers study
986:The NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory
399:satellite in September 2005.
7:
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533:Upper-atmospheric lightning
519:Upper-atmospheric lightning
463:upper-atmospheric lightning
309:
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1042:
758:. Springer. pp. 1–2.
530:
504:
279:
203:Glossary of climate change
731:. Springer. pp. xi.
576:ground-based telescopes,
276:are important phenomena.
198:Glossary of tornado terms
868:Chapman, Sydney (1960).
643:
550:transient luminous event
383:polar mesospheric clouds
608:and techniques such as
465:discharges such as red
188:Glossary of meteorology
960:Accessed 23 March 2021
725:Brasseur, Guy (1984).
528:
400:
385:in Earth's atmosphere.
1001:Atmospheric chemistry
671:Atmospheric chemistry
598:optical spectrometers
562:Electromagnetic Pulse
560:perturbations due to
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270:chemical dissociation
254:atmospheric chemistry
56:Atmospheric chemistry
1026:Atmospheric sciences
1011:Electrical phenomena
982:at Wikimedia Commons
755:Comparative Aeronomy
629:Comparative aeronomy
624:Comparative aeronomy
404:Terrestrial aeronomy
330:Terrestrial aeronomy
324:comparative aeronomy
316:terrestrial aeronomy
294:letter to the editor
288:introduced the term
44:Atmospheric dynamics
21:Atmospheric sciences
1006:Atmospheric physics
676:Atmospheric physics
537:Sprites (lightning)
258:atmospheric physics
39:Atmospheric physics
23:
573:Planetary aeronomy
568:Planetary aeronomy
558:Very-Low-Frequency
529:
401:
379:noctilucent clouds
320:planetary aeronomy
284:The mathematician
19:
978:Media related to
958:978-3-662-09362-7
883:978-0-12-582050-9
765:978-0-387-87824-9
738:978-94-009-6403-7
610:radio occultation
554:Emission of Light
501:Atmospheric tides
459:atmospheric tides
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606:plasma detectors
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507:Atmospheric tide
495:sounding rockets
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837:. Retrieved
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706:Thermosphere
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696:Meteorology
632:chemistry,
564:Sources").
436:troposphere
432:meteorology
412:outer space
408:stratopause
369:(left) and
114:Climatology
72:Meteorology
995:Categories
712:References
691:Mesosphere
686:Ionosphere
618:exoplanets
491:satellites
483:telescopes
479:ionization
428:ionosphere
416:mesosphere
274:ionization
262:aeronomers
179:Glossaries
1016:Lightning
681:Exosphere
546:lightning
471:blue jets
448:chemistry
424:exosphere
980:Aeronomy
920:Archived
839:24 March
665:See also
487:balloons
367:Balloons
310:Branches
290:aeronomy
242:Aeronomy
170:Aeronomy
161:Aeronomy
145:category
128:category
103:category
86:category
61:category
49:category
467:sprites
452:biology
444:physics
280:History
248:of the
123:Climate
81:Weather
956:
880:
785:Nature
780:Nature
762:
735:
636:, and
604:, and
586:fly by
584:which
580:, and
493:, and
450:, and
422:, and
322:, and
299:Nature
150:portal
91:portal
644:Notes
590:orbit
513:tides
397:TIMED
266:space
250:Earth
954:ISBN
878:ISBN
841:2021
760:ISBN
733:ISBN
556:and
535:and
477:and
461:and
438:and
381:and
272:and
256:and
296:of
997::
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230:e
223:t
216:v
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