223:(VRET). This type of treatment uses computer technology where the patient virtually experiences flying. This experience includes visual, auditory, and motion stimuli to imitate flying in a plane as close as possible. Thus, VRET is considered an effective treatment for aviophobia. While it can be argued that vivo exposure treatment, patients being exposed to an aircraft, is the most effective way of treatment, but VRET is more cost-effective, accessible, less time-consuming, and requires less organization. Another advantage of VRET over vivo exposure treatment is that it focuses on the main reason that elicits fear of flying easily. For example, if the patient's most anxiety-inducing-component is takeoff, in VRET the patient would be exposed to a plane takeoff repeatedly while in vivo exposure the patient would have to wait for the plane to land and then take off again.
40:
779:"Inferiority or Even Superiority of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Phobias?—A Systematic Review and Quantitative Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials Specifically Comparing the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure to Gold Standard in vivo Exposure in Agoraphobia, Specific Phobia, and Social Phobia"
210:
Effective treatment for phobias such as fear of flying would be one that activates and modifies the fear structure. Activation of the fear structure can be achieved by exposing the patient to the feared stimuli, flying in this case, to elicit the fearful response. Modification of the fear structure
113:
People with fear of flying experience intense, persistent fear or anxiety when they consider flying, as well as during flying. They will avoid flying if they can, and the fear, anxiety, and avoidance cause significant distress and impair their ability to function. Take-off, bad weather, and
252:, who called it "aero-neurosis" and was describing pilots and crew who were or became anxious about flying. It was not much discussed until the 1950s and rise of commercial air travel and the vogue in psychoanalysis. Starting in the 1970s fear of flying was addressed through
239:
Estimates for prevalence have ranged between 2.5% and 40%; estimates on the lower end are probably generated through studies where the condition is diagnosed by a professional, and the higher end probably includes people who have diagnosed themselves.
140:. It appears that some people get aerophobia from being or having claustrophobia to the small spaces inside the fuselage of the plane or helicopter. Though highly unlikely, fear of plane crashes may induce symptoms as well.
231:
Studies of interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy have reported rates of reduction in anxiety of around 80%; however, there is little evidence that any treatment can eliminate fear of flying.
306:
As of 2016, the causes of fear of flying as well as the psychological mechanisms through which it persists had not been well researched. A few studies had looked at whether mechanisms like
599:
Oakes, M; Bor, R (November 2010). "The psychology of fear of flying (part I): a critical evaluation of current perspectives on the nature, prevalence and etiology of fear of flying".
202:
A new and advanced treatment for aviophobia is virtual reality exposure therapy. This type of treatment uses computer technology where the patient enters a virtual reality of flying.
317:
Research into the most effective ways to treat or manage fear of flying is difficult (as it is with other counselling or behavioral interventions) due to the inability to include a
159:
The diagnosis is clinical. It is often difficult to determine if the specific phobia of fear of flight should be the primary diagnosis, or if fear of flying is a symptom of a
136:
The causes of flight phobia and the mechanisms by which it is maintained were not well understood as of 2016. It is not clear if it is really one condition; it appears to be
267:, Americans chose to travel more by car instead of flying; because of the extra traffic, around 350 more people died in traffic accidents than would have normally occurred.
958:
457:
Oakes, M; Bor, R (November 2010). "The psychology of fear of flying (part II): a critical evaluation of current perspectives on approaches to treatment".
635:
415:
Mulcahy, RA; Blue, RS; Vardiman, JL; Castleberry, TL; Vanderploeg, JM (2016). "Screening and
Mitigation of Layperson Anxiety in Aerospace Environments".
730:
Czerniak, Efrat; Caspi, Asaf; Litvin, Michal; Amiaz, Revital; Bahat, Yotam; Baransi, Hani; Sharon, Hanania; Noy, Shlomo; Plotnik, Meir (April 1, 2016).
634:
Czerniak, Efrat; Caspi, Asaf; Litvin, Michal; Amiaz, Revital; Bahat, Yotam; Baransi, Hani; Sharon, Hanania; Noy, Shlomo; Plotnik, Meir (April 1, 2016).
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559:
Wiemer, J; Pauli, P (August 2016). "Fear-relevant illusory correlations in different fears and anxiety disorders: A review of the literature".
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were present in all or most people with fear of flying as well as other specific phobias; these studies have not led to clear outcomes.
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933:"PHOBIA Bomb jokes, a faulty engine and tragedy – How Arsenal legend Dennis Bergkamp became the Non-Flying Dutchman"
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Fear of flying was first discussed in the biomedical literature by a doctor in the UK at the end of
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after eliciting the fearful response several times. A new and advanced treatment for aviophobia is
838:"Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of fear of flying: A controlled investigation"
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Rothbaum, Barbara Olasov; Hodges, Larry; Smith, Samantha; Lee, Jeong Hwan; Price, Larry (2000).
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Wechsler, Theresa F.; KĂĽmpers, Franziska; MĂĽhlberger, Andreas (September 10, 2019).
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Around 60% of people with fear of flying report having some other anxiety disorder.
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A number of celebrities have suffered from a fear of flying, including former
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Maltby, Nicholas; Kirsch, Irving; Mayers, Michael; Allen, George J. (2002).
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turbulence appear to be the most anxiety-provoking aspects of flying.
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90:(although aerophobia also means a fear of drafts or of fresh air).
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907:"Afraid to Fly After 9/11, Some Took a Bigger Risk - In Cars"
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at the mere sight or mention of an aircraft or air travel.
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can also be helpful in combination with other approaches.
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30:"Fear of Flying" redirects here. For other uses, see
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179:Acute anxiety caused by flying can be treated with
93:Acute anxiety caused by flying can be treated with
27:Fear of being in a flying vehicle whilst in flight
885:"The selection of candidates for the air service"
191:equipment, which works better when combined with
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183:medication. The condition can be treated with
842:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
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883:Anderson, H. Graeme (March 16, 1918).
601:Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
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321:or other control arm in such studies.
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97:. The condition can be treated with
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211:can be achieved by the processes of
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561:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
505:Clark, GI; Rock, AJ (2016).
336:Health hazards of air travel
193:cognitive behavioral therapy
161:generalized anxiety disorder
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103:cognitive behavioral therapy
66:. It is also referred to as
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854:10.1037/0022-006X.70.5.1112
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152:classified as such in the
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959:"'Pot' holds rock singer"
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286:, and early rock artist
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783:Frontiers in Psychology
511:Frontiers in Psychology
95:anti-anxiety medication
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43:A Boeing 747 airplane
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308:illusory correlation
265:September 11 attacks
148:Fear of flying is a
1011:Situational phobias
911:Wall Street Journal
386:"Anxiety Disorders"
302:Research directions
187:, including use of
109:Signs and symptoms
88:pteromerhanophobia
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250:World War I
213:habituation
165:agoraphobia
62:, while in
1000:Categories
889:The Lancet
567:: 113–28.
347:References
272:Arsenal FC
254:behavioral
217:extinction
175:Management
84:aerophobia
80:aviophobia
60:helicopter
18:Aerophobia
937:talkSPORT
862:1939-2117
805:1664-1078
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704:1939-2117
395:March 24,
258:cognitive
144:Diagnosis
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123:vomiting
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310:and
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