Aetosaur - Knowledge

985:. The inner two rows, which flank the midline of the spinal column, are known as paramedian osteoderms. These tend to be wider than long and strongly ornamented with radiating pits or grooves. Nearly all aetosaurs possess a small boss or raised surface, known as a dorsal eminence, on the upper surface of each plate. The dorsal eminence is often set posteriorly (backwards) or medially (inwards) on their respective paramedian osteoderm, though there are many exceptions within the group. The paramedian osteoderms almost always have raised or depressed anterior edges, where the plates are overlapped by the ones in front of them. If the anterior edge is raised, the area is called an anterior bar, while if it is depressed, the area is called an anterior lamina. Although two paramedian osteoderm rows are common in early archosauriforms, few reptiles approach aetosaurs in the complexity of their osteoderms. The osteoderms of 5974: 2586: 5970:. This may have led some paleontologists to believe that the animals had died in swampy environments. Because there were a large number of skeletons of animals that would not normally have inhabited swamps in these clays, some paleontologists even suggested that aetosaurs scavenged off the carcasses of animals that became trapped in the swamps and died. Doubts were later raised over this lifestyle, since aetosaur teeth show little indication of carnivory and the weight of the armor suggests that aetosaurs had "a passive mode of life." However, aetosaurs were still regarded as partly aquatic into the mid-20th century. 941: 2122: 10740: 10134: 3682: 1007: 1394: 132: 1020:

two surfaces, or flanges, flexed between their dorsal eminence. The upper, or dorsal flange lies in the same plane as the paramedian osteoderms. The lower/outer, or lateral flange wraps down onto the side of the body. The dorsal eminence between these flanges often has the form of a low blade, knob, or spike. In the cervical lateral osteoderms, which are positioned on the neck, the dorsal eminence tends to manifest as a prominent spike. This is taken to an extreme in desmatosuchines such as

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the body is covered in dorsal and ventral armor to form a complete carapace, and the paramedian osteoderms are much wider than they are long, with distinctive pitting. A final synapomorphy was found in the structure of the limb bones. In all aetosaurs, the limbs are very robust, with large muscle attachments such as the deltopectoral crest of the

1039:), the underside of the animal is also protected by osteoderms. These ventral (belly) osteoderms are generally smaller and flatter than the dorsal series, and are arranged into a larger number of rows (usually 5 - 14 rows), at least in the torso. Ventral osteoderms rows usually curve outwards and separate under the hip, leaving a wide gap for the 602:. Subsequent work has established that aetosaurs were entirely terrestrial animals, and were likely herbivorous to some extent. Some forms have characteristics that may have been adaptations to digging for food. Supposed nesting structures have also been referred to aetosaurs, but this connection is considered ambiguous. 899:, generally had narrow forms, slender limbs, and a restriction in the carapace above the hip. This body type is plesiomorphic (ancestral) to the other two shapes, with some narrow-bodied aetosaurs more closely related to typothoracines and others closer to desmatosuchines. Some plesiomorphic genera, like the widespread 1047:, one of the few exceptions to a general rule of smooth ventral osteoderms. Ventral rows break up into a shagreen of small plates on the neck, and a small number of wide rows under the tail. A dense assortment of small, non-overlapping plates, known as appendicular osteoderms, covered the front and hindlimbs. 789:

of the hip, which is angled downward, so that the leg is positioned beneath the body and acts as a weight-bearing pillar. Nevertheless, there was likely significant variation in the hip structure of aetosaurs, and the forelimbs may have had a semi-sprawling 'hybrid' stance. While the hindlimb posture

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was not a left paramedian, but instead a right one. In 2002, Jeff Martz came to the same conclusion in an unpublished thesis. He, along with Taylor, Wedel, and Naish, claimed that this was another form of plagiarism, as Martz's 2002 thesis was cited by Spielmann et al. (2006), even if his conclusion

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While features of the limbs indicate that aetosaurs probably dug for food, features of the skull and teeth can indicate what kind of food they were eating. Aetosaurs have many derived features not seen in other crurotarsans, which indicate that they are adapted to a different diet. Unlike the sharp,

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Although aetosaurs are known exclusively from the Late Triassic, their currently accepted position in archosaur phylogeny indicates that they originated from more basal pseudosuchian archosaurs in the Early or Middle Triassic. Given that aetosaurs are highly specialized with many anatomical features

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in the lower jaw is also toothless, upturned, and broad. The reduced size and simple conical shape of the teeth was considered another synapomorphy. Two more synapomorphies of aetosaurs are shared with crocodylomorphs, but were not considered to be an indication of a close phylogenetic relationship;

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rock that are circular or horseshoe-shaped, with high ridges around the sides. They appear to be unusually complex for nests created by Triassic reptiles. Archosaur footprints were found nearby that resembled aetosaurs, although they were not present in the same layer. Because the tracks were found

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that were common in the Triassic. The upturned shape of their snout suggests that aetosaurs may have dug up roots and tubers. Aetosaurs have several anatomical features that may have been adaptations to digging, including a short radius relative to the humerus (seen in many other digging tetrapods)

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The outer two rows of osteoderms, which lie beside the paramedians, are known as lateral osteoderms. They parallel the paramedians over nearly the entire backside, though the first two paramedians behind the head (known as nuchal osteoderms) are solitary. Lateral plates generally are separated into

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among archosaurs. The mandible (lower jaw) is described as 'slipper'-shaped in many aetosaurs. This is due to a combination of features: the front of the dentary strongly tapers to a point, while the underside of the dentary sometimes flexes into a 'chin' (downwards projection) which may expose the

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split aetosaurs into two subfamilies, Aetosaurinae and Desmatosuchinae. Aetosaurines are characterized by projections called eminences on the dorsal paramedian osteoderms that are close to the midline of the back. Desmatosuchines have a few more distinguishing characteristics, including grooves on

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and were preserved together in an area less than 2 square metres in size. The animals were probably buried under lake sediment soon after they died, with the flow of water repositioning their bodies on the lake bed and putting them in close proximity to one another. In 1877, German paleontologist

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on the undersides of paramedian osteoderms can be used to determine an individual's age. Comparing the ages of individual specimens with their total body lengths indicates that aetosaurs increased in length at relatively constant rates, but increased in body mass at different rates depending on

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than to the immediate sister group of Aetosauria. Because the immediate sister group of Aetosauria was uncertain, Parker offered a new definition with several non-aetosaur crurotarsan genera rather than one sister group. According to Parker, Aetosauria included all taxa more closely related to

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described aetosaurs as carnivorous aquatic animals of the order Parasuchia, mentioning that " constitutes an independent order, probably freshwater, littoral, carnivorous, short snouted (Aëtosaurus) or long snouted (Phytosaurus, Mystriosuchus) forms, analogous in their habits to the modern

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as an aetosaur rather than a phytosaur in his initial description of the genus. Like Cope, many paleontologists tended to consider aetosaur scutes to belong to phytosaurs during this time period. Marsh considered aetosaurs to be closely related to dinosaurs based on their elongated

5944:, and the unnamed Tanzanian pseudosuchian are all good fits for the hypothesized ancestor of aetosaurs because they both have double rows of leaf-shaped osteoderms along their backs that could potentially have evolved into the tightly fitting paramedian osteoderms of aetosaurs. 6110:

The ages of individual aetosaurs can be determined by examining their osteoderms. Some isolated osteoderms have been claimed to belong to juvenile aetosaurs based on their size and shape but these hypotheses have often been questioned. For example, juvenile osteoderms of

962:(four-sided) shape, and were most certainly used as a defense against predators. Most osteoderms are heavily pitted on their upper surfaces and smooth on their undersides. They have a heterogenous internal structure: the inner portion of each osteoderm is made of 668:

diet, and similar adaptations are seen in other archosaurs with less reliance on meat in their diet. A few aetosaurs have teeth with a ziphodont shape, meaning that the teeth are recurved, serrated, and flattened from the side. This shape, which is predominant in

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Nesbitt, S.J.; Sidor, C.A.; Angielczyk, K.D.; Smith, R.M.; Parker, W. (2012). "Derivation of the aetosaur osteoderm carapace: evidence from a new, exceptionally preserved "stem aetosaur" from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Manda Beds of southwestern Tanzania".

6142:. Aetosaurs also seem to have grown more slowly than modern crocodilians. Analysis of the limb bones of aetosaurs indicates that they grew quickly when young and more slowly when adults. This pattern of growth is seen in most other pseudosuchians. 4223:

examined previous phylogenetic studies of aetosaurs and criticized the way in which they used certain characters to produce cladograms. They concluded that only three hypotheses of aetosaur relationships from previous studies were still true: that

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or burrowing lifestyle, aetosaurs have few of the characteristics that fossorial animals have as adaptations to digging. Therefore, it is likely that aetosaurs were able to dig to some extent, possibly rooting for food, but were unable to burrow.

4267:, both within Aetosaurinae. Parker also gave a revised phylogenetic definition of Aetosauria, mentioning that the previous definition, made by Heckert and Lucas in 2000, was somewhat ambiguous. Heckert & Lucas (2000) defined Aetosauria as a 6028:, or toothless, and probably supported a beak. The teeth have very little wear, suggesting that aetosaurs did not consume stiff and tough plant material. It is more likely that they consumed non-abrasive vegetation such as soft leaves. 6129:, which had a relatively small body size at maturity. Studies of the bone structure of paramedian osteoderms indicate that new bone was deposited along the edges of each plate over the course of an aetosaur's lifetime. This means that 974:, which are another example of pseudosuchian osteoderms. Osteoderms are useful in diagnosing aetosaur taxa, and aetosaur species can often be identified from individual scutes based on their shape, structure, or ornamentation pattern. 1339:(a group including all post-Triassic crocodylomorphs). Nicholson and Lydekker placed a single family within the suborder, Aëtosauridæ. They considered aetosaurs to be similar to living crocodilians despite their longer metatarsals. 857:

had a very broad, disc-shaped carapace, edged by small spines or keels and transitioning to a narrow tail. The largest species of typothoracines may have been around 3 meters (9.8 feet) in length and 110 kg (243 lbs) in weight. The

9128:"Under the armor: X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction of the internal skeleton of Coahomasuchus chathamensis (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina, USA, and a phylogenetic analysis of Aetosauria" 769:

In most respects apart from their skull and armor, the skeletal anatomy of aetosaurs was fairly standard among other large Triassic pseudosuchians. The hindlimbs developed a "pillar-erect" limb posture similar to that seen in

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Hunt, A.P.; Lockley, M.G.; Lucas, S.G. (1993). "Vertebrate and invertebrate tracks and trackways from Upper Triassic Strata of the Tucumcari Basin, East-Central New Mexico, U.S.A.". In Lucas, S.G.; Morales, M. (eds.).

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Haldar, A.; Ray, S.; Bandyopadhyay, S. (2023). "A new typothoracine aetosaur (Archosauria, Pseudosuchia) from the Upper Triassic of India with insights on biostratigraphy, diversification, and paleobiogeography".

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Long, R. A.; Ballew K. L. (1985). "Aetosaur dermal armor from the late Triassic of southwestern North America, with special reference to material from the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park".

660:(the toothed bone of the lower jaw). The teeth which are present are usually small and bulbous, ranging from basic conical forms to leaf-like shapes with large serrations. These are probably indicative of an 572:

of aetosaurs have been described, and recently there has been controversy regarding the description of some of these genera. Two distinct subdivisions of aetosaurs are currently recognized, Desmatosuchia and

7265:"Osteology of the first skull of Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of southern Brazil (Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone) and its phylogenetic importance" 1747:

the dorsal paramedians that help them lock to the lateral plates in a tight articulation. Many desmatosuchines have long spikes projecting from the lateral plates. These spikes are especially prominent in

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in south-central India, although most of these remains were too inadequate to assign specimens to any particular genus. Based on published descriptions, the Indian aetosaur fossils most closely resemble

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of the southwestern United States. Up to 13 genera of aetosaurs are known from the Chinle Group, with most occurring in multiple localities and over short time spans. In 1996, paleontologists

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The allegations were rejected in an internal NMMNHS meeting, reported by Lucas in 2008. They were also brought to the attention of an independent party, the Ethics Education Committee of the

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lacks serrations or wear facets on the teeth and has a jaw leverage that is not designed for strong forces such as crushing and chopping. The study recognized that northern aetosaurs such as

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was likely one of the largest known aetosaurs, at 4–6 m (13–20 ft) in length and 280 kg (620 lb) in weight. Aetosaurs which do not fit into these two categories, such as

7832:"Anatomical Details of Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) as Revealed by an Articulated Posterior Skeleton from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, San Juan Province, Argentina" 10005:"Statement from the Executive Committee about the allegations of unethical conduct from J. Martz, W. Parker, M. Taylor and M. Wedel against S. Lucas, A. Hunt, A. Heckert, and J. Spielmann" 9931:"Statement from the Executive Committee about the allegations of unethical conduct from J. Martz, W. Parker, M. Taylor and M. Wedel against S. Lucas, A. Hunt, A. Heckert, and J. Spielmann" 6039:

was a scavenger based on the close proximity of some specimens to a large number of skeletons that were likely carcasses. A 2009 study of the jaw biomechanics of the South American genus

1696:. Many of these tracks have a narrow gauge (meaning the left and right prints are placed closely together) and nearly overstep each other. A 2011 functional analysis of the skeleton of 1377:

in 1947). However, aetosaur remains were still being confused with those of phytosaurs, and they were still considered to be predominantly carnivorous and semiaquatic "parasuchians" .

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Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin Capa Sterling J. Nesbitt, Julia Brenda Desojo, Randall B. Irmis Geological Society of London, 2013 - 608 páginas

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Heckert, A. B.; Lucas S. G. (2000). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi)".

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Currently considered the most basal aetosaur, as well as the most well-studied member of the group from Gondwana. It may have had a more carnivorous diet than most other aetosaurs.

1763:) have favored a third group, Typothoracinae, which like Desmatosuchinae has long spikes, but differs in having more sharply angled joints between osteoderms. Moreover, the genus 5883:

indicate that it may have been close to the ancestry of aetosaurs. Several phylogenetic analyses place it as the sister taxon or closest relative of Aetosauria. Like aetosaurs,

1692:, the eastern United States, and many other aetosaur-bearing locales. They are also common in the southwestern United States, having been found in Canyonlands National Park and 581:. Osteoderms structure is generally one of the most useful traits for inferring aetosaur relations more precisely. Among other archosaurs, aetosaurs are most closely related to 9520:

Taborda, J. R. A.; Cerda, I. A.; Desojo, J. B. (2013). "Growth curve of Aetosauroides scagliai Casamiquela 1960 (Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) inferred from osteoderm histology".

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Parker, W. G.; Stocker, M. R.; Irmis, R. B. (2008). "A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria; Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas".

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recognized five biochrons based on the presence of aetosaurs throughout the Chinle Group. The number of biochrons grew to 11 in a 2007 study by Heckert and Lucas along with

1252:. He also thought that the tightly fitting osteoderms, which were thought to be fused to the ribs, indicated that aetosaurs were transitional between rhynchocephalians and 8219: 5877:

not seen in other pseudosuchians, the group's evolutionary origins are poorly understood. The recent discovery of complete specimens of the Late Triassic pseudosuchian

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In 2016, William Parker conducted a new phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria, proposing an alternative hypothesis of aetosaur relationships. Below is the cladogram:

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of the 1970s. It received wide attention from local Albuquerque newspapers and science blogs. It was also the focus of a news article in a 2008 issue of the journal

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in 1858, and went into more detail in an 1875 paper in the society's quarterly journal. By this time, new material had been uncovered from Elgin that indicated that

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In some aetosaurs (particular members of the group Desmatosuchia), the tip of the snout is expanded sideways into a flattened 'shovel' shape, akin to the snout of a

8655:"Review of the tetrapod fauna of the "Lower Stormberg Group" of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation" 4208:, and also appeared early in the fossil record of aetosaurs. Previously, basal members were only known from later times, occurring after more advanced aetosaurs. 7441:

Parker, William G.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Irmis, Randall B.; Martz, Jeffrey W.; Marsh, Adam D.; Brown, Matthew A.; Stocker, Michelle R.; Werning, Sarah (2022).

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group and thus a true clade consisting of a common aetosaur ancestor and all of its descendants. To phylogenetically define Aetosauria, Parrish identified five

4168:, or holes, that opened on the side of the skull rather than the top, lateral osteoderms articulating with the paramedians, and osteoderms covering the limbs. 3533: 6746: 970:) and their outer portions are made up of compact bone. In life, these plates were probably covered in a keratinous (horn) covering, like modern crocodilian 9671: 4022: 2435: 1769:

is now often classified outside Stagonolepididae as a non-stagonolepidid aetosaur, making the names Aetosauria and Stagonolepididae no longer synonymous.

9930: 6738: 4252: 4157: 2747: 1526: 700:(a hole on the side of the skull). Many aetosaurs have a small knob on the premaxilla which projects into the nares from below. In all aetosaurs except 10161: 8280:

Jenkins, F.A.; Shubin, N.H.; Amaral, W.W.; Gatesy, S.M.; Schaff, C.R.; Clemmensen, L.B.; Downs, W.R.; Davidson, A.R.; Bonde, N.; Osbaeck, F.F. (1994).

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Brust, Ana Carolina Biacchi; Desojo, Julia Brenda; Schultz, Cesar Leandro; Paes-Neto, Voltaire Dutra; Da-Rosa, Átila Augusto Stock (15 August 2018).

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in an unpublished thesis, which was widely disseminated among aetosaur researchers. Because the name was not formally published, it was considered a

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Crocodilia". Early aetosaur remains were often found in clays beside skeletons of aquatic animals such as phytosaurs and terrestrial animals such as

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aetosaur" ("stem" meaning that it lies on the branch that includes aetosaurs, but is not itself an aetosaur). However, other studies have considered

4212: 6831:. The authors of the 2006 paper, Spencer G. Lucas, Adrian P. Hunt, and Justin A. Spielmann, were accused of "intellectual theft" by paleontologists 6784: 3656: 3277: 3219: 2574: 1847: 10015: 9986: 10838: 10181: 6154:. Osteoderms are the most common remains associated with aetosaurs, so a single identifiable scute can accurately date the layer it is found in. 811: 9342: 7112:"Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets" 1293:

of the late 19th century, in which the two tried to out-compete one another in the field and in scientific literature. Unlike Cope's aetosaurs,

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The skull of aetosaurs is relatively small compared to the body, and is quite distinctive in shape. Teeth are absent from both the front of the

8467:"Redescripcion del aetosaurio Chilenosuchus forttae Casamiqueal (Diapsida: Arcosauria): presencia de Triasico continental en el norte de Chile" 3737:

An wide-bodied typothoracine, known from a series of associated paramedian and lateral osteoderms as well as an isolated paramedian osteoderm.

883:, had moderately narrower bodies and no belly armor. However, they also acquired spinier back armor, especially in the cervical (neck) region. 7615:

Heckert, A. B.; Lucas S. G. (1999). "A new aetosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Texas and the phylogeny of aetosaurs".

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Festschrift zur Feier des 400jährigen Jubiläums der Eberhard-Karls-Universät zu Tübingen, Wurttembergische Naturwissenschaftliche Jahreshefte

1560:(southern Pangaea), though they are considerably less common or diverse than in Northern continents. South American aetosaurs are known from 1153: 9226:"New clade of enigmatic early archosaurs yields insights into early pseudosuchian phylogeny and the biogeography of the archosaur radiation" 8719:

Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: early-mid Norian), eastern New Mexico, USA"

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Because species of aetosaurs typically have restricted fossil ranges and are abundant in the strata they are found in, they are useful in

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have also produced aetosaur fossils. A few aetosaurs are known from northern Africa, with scutes having been found from the late Carnian

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New digital braincase endocasts of two species of Desmatosuchus and neurocranial diversity within Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)

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Aetosaur remains were first discovered in the early 19th century, although the first remains that were described were mistaken for fish

9734:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 37. 9632:

Lucas, S.G. (1991). "Sequence stratigraphic correlation of nonmarine and marine Late Triassic biochronologies, western United States".

6696:. A land vertebrate faunachron (LVF) is a time interval that is defined by the first appearance datum (FAD), or first occurrence, of a 3058:

The widespread and well-known namesake of the clade Paratypothoracini. Some authors have suggested that it represents an adult form of

8605:"Paleogeographic and biostratigraphic implications of new early Mesozoic vertebrates from Poamay, central Morondava Basin, Madagascar" 712:

is positioned and exposed on the side, unlike most other archosaurs where it is mostly visible when viewing the skull from above. The

7411: 1157: 728: 541:. Since their armoured plates are often preserved and are abundant in certain localities, aetosaurs serve as important Late Triassic 4396:

lies outside Stagonolepididae. If this phylogeny is correct, Stagonolepididae and Aetosauria would not be equivalent groupings, and

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in Morocco. During the Late Triassic, Morocco would have been in close proximity with the Newark Supergroup of North America in the

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in age. Agassiz mistook the osteoderms for large rhomboidal scales, which he thought were arranged in a similar pattern to those of

9579:(Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance" 8282:"Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland" 8249:(Archosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic of the Newark Supergroup, eastern United States, and its biochronological significance" 7447:(Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, United States" 3481:

A small aetosaur only known from interior molds of a dorsal carapace. Often interpreted as a dubious genus or a junior synonym of

1191:. Fraas named the genus after the skull's resemblance to the head of an eagle, with a narrow, elongate skull and a pointed snout. 552:

ranges were relatively short. Therefore, the presence of particular aetosaurs can accurately date a site in which they are found.

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and a large deltopectoral crest on the humerus that served as an attachment for muscles. Aetosaurs also have large hind feet, or

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collecting specimens. Better remains of American aetosaurs helped to establish anatomical info for some common species, such as

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reconsidered the fish scales described by Agassiz and considered them to belong to a crocodilian. He first proposed this to the

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Monographie des poisons fossils du Vieux Grés Rouge ou Systéme Dévonien (Old Red Sandstone) des Iles Britanniques ed de Russie

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in the 1870s. Among them were complete articulated skeletons of 22 aetosaurs. These specimens were found in a large sandstone

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which are considerably more specialized than most described Gondwanan aetosaurs. In 2023 a new aetosaur was named from the

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Butler, Richard J.; Sullivan, Corwin; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Liu, Jun; Lecuona, Agustina; Sookias, Roland B. (10 June 2014).

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of three smaller clades in which it is unknown which clade diverged first from the group. Within this polytomy there was

8917: 1413:, giving them a nearly worldwide distribution during the Late Triassic. Aetosaur remains are most abundant in northern ( 10889: 9796: 6867: 2962:

A late-surviving basal desmatosuchian with apparent adaptations for a more carnivorous diet than most other aetosaurs.

8418:"Vertebrate dinoturbation from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic, Paraná Basin), Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil" 6055:

did have jaws that would have supported a strong musculature, and were likely better suited to eating plant material.

10884: 10116: 834: 9069:"Intraorganismal homology, character construction, and the phylogeny of aetosaurian archosaurs (Reptilia, Diapsida)" 7716: 9801:(Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic Redonda Formation, New Mexico, with description of a new species" 8869:

Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (2011). "Late Triassic aetosaurs as the trackmaker of the tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon

2561: 1719:, a clade of archosaurs that includes living crocodilians and is characterized by the distinctive structure of the 10739: 9730:, a new name for an aetosaur from the Upper Triassic of north-central New Mexico". In Harris; et al. (eds.). 8354:"Using positional homology in aetosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) osteoderms to evaluate the taxonomic status of 7813: 778:

of carnivorous Triassic pseudosuchians ancestral to crocodylomorphs. A pillar-erect limb posture is one where the

748:(the bone of the lower jaw which connects to the cranium) often has a tall projection right behind the jaw joint. 9682: 9463:"A vertebrate nesting site in northeastern Italy reveals unexpectedly complex behavior for late Carnian reptiles" 8417: 7979:

A manual of palaeontology for the use of students, with a general introduction on the principles of palaeontology

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Long and Murry, 1995 (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its Implications for the Origin of the Aetosaurian Carapace"

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A second possible aetosaur nest site is known from northeastern Italy. The nests are preserved as depressions in

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in front of the eye socket, sharp and curved teeth, and osteoderms covering much of its body. Like aetosaurs and

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are occasionally confused or compared with those of aetosaurs. Both an anterior bar and dorsal eminence occur in

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Although aetosaurs were generally wide-bodied reptiles, there is some variation in the degree of this trend. The

6939: 1221:, crocodile-like aquatic archosaurs that were also common in the Late Triassic. While new material referable to 7523: 6850:

A coinciding controversy occurred after Spielmann, Hunt, and Lucas published a 2006 paper mentioning that the

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Aetosaur material continued to be described into the early 20th century, with notable paleontologists such as

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tracks with skin impressions from the Anisian (middle Triassic) of the Southern alps (val di non - Italy)".

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Archosaurian Anatomy and Palaeontology: Essays in Memory of Alick D. Walker, DB Norman & DJ Gower (eds.)

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who guard their nests. However, it seems that these "nests" are instead the result of sandstone weathering.

6024:

recurved teeth of other triassic archosaurs, aetosaurs had simple, conical teeth. The tips of the jaws were

2634:

A possible paratypothoracine that possessed lateral osteoderms that converged with those of desmatosuchines

9681:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 229–240. Archived from 8012: 7046:

Desojo, J. B.; Heckert, A. B.; Martz, J. W.; Parker, W. G.; Schoch, R. R.; Small, B. J.; Sulej, T. (2013).

6836: 2581:

Namesake of the desmatosuchines, one of the largest, most common, and most impressively-armored aetosaurs.

1122: 9574: 8263: 6082:

discovered 220‑million-year-old, fossilized, bowl-like pits in Arizona's Petrified Forest, in part of the

4164:

in 1999 expanded the number of synapomorphies that diagnose Aetosauria to 18. New synapomorphies included

2852:

A well-described desmatosuchin, the subject of major studies on aetosaur anatomy in the mid-20th century.

513:. They have small heads, upturned snouts, erect limbs, and a body ornamented with four rows of plate-like 8512:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 49–50. Archived from 8189:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 41. pp. 51–57. Archived from 8073: 4353:. Parker's 2007 analysis accepted this definition. In 2002, Heckert and Lucas defined Aetosaurinae as "a 4346: 4114: 6043:

suggested that the animal may have fed on larvae and insects without hard exoskeletons. This is because

10004: 9975: 9806:. In Harris, H.D.; Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A.; Lockley, M.G.; Milner, A.R.C.; Kirkland, J.L. (eds.). 6693: 5572: 5331: 5245: 4373:

at the base of the stagonolepidid clade, with traditional aetosaurine taxa placed in successively more

1693: 1199:

The first aetosaurs from North America were also being described in the 1870s. American paleontologist

627: 131: 4057:

with rauisuchians, which Parrish termed Rauisuchiformes. Rauisuchiformes also included the superorder

1385:

helped to divert these notions and established a more modern view of aetosaurian anatomy and ecology.

467: 10177: 9976:"Best practices from the Ethics Education Committee regarding research, publication, and museum work" 9334: 8220:"An overview of National Park Service paleontological resources from the parks and monuments in Utah" 5879: 4404:

simplified after an analysis presented by Devin K. Hoffman, Andrew B. Heckert, and Lindsay E. Zanno.

3731: 3594: 2585: 1911: 1636: 1454: 9961: 7637: 1090:

fish rather than a Triassic reptile. This may be because he considered the strata to be part of the

10203: 7591:

von Baczko, M. B., Desojo, J. B., Gower, D. J., Ridgely, R., Bona, P., & Witmer, L. M. (2021).

7348: 6994: 6130: 5897: 5680: 5632: 5517: 5289: 1739:, which included many Triassic crurotarsans as well as later crurotarsans, including crocodilians. 1510: 1133:

was still known primarily by scutes and imprints of scutes, many of which were not well preserved.

8981:"A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil" 7742:

Marsh, Adam D.; Smith, Matthew E.; Parker, William G.; Irmis, Randall B.; Kligman, Ben T. (2020).

5924:

of Tanzania. It differs from other Middle Triassic pseudosuchians in having a long skull, a small

459: 6788: 6011:

on the ulna which projects backward past the elbow, giving a large area for the insertion of the

5745: 5453: 5436: 5207: 5130: 4938: 4739: 3665: 3660: 3282: 3215: 3052: 2956: 2899: 2845: 2628: 2551: 2496: 2322: 2207: 2106: 1589: 1585: 1482: 1324: 762: 633: 10856: 8128: 4349:

that is also the ancestor of other non-aetosaurine aetosaurs, and thus could not form their own

10778: 9461:

Avanzini, M.; Dalla vecchia, F.M.; Mietto, P; Piubelli, D; Preto, N; Rigo, M; Roghi, G (2007).

8713:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Rinehart, L.F.; Celesky, M.D.; Spielmann, J.A.; Hunt, A.P. (2010).

7632: 6989: 5958: 5048: 3230:

A narrow-bodied paratypothoracin with elongated spines on paramedian osteoderms above the hip.

1623: 833:(rib attachments) developed into long massive pedestals, and the largest species even acquired 709: 645: 8815: 8604: 5887:

has two rows of paramedian osteoderms along its back and, in the cheek region of the skull, a

4077:

at its tip being edentulous (toothless), upturned, and wide to form a "shovel". Moreover, the

10851: 10298: 9948: 8180:(Archosauria:Stagonolepididae), an index taxon of St. Johnsian (Adamanian:Late Carnian) time" 6723: 5548: 5190: 5159: 4722: 4110: 3670: 3404: 3224: 3107: 3037: 2111: 2041: 1728: 1622:

during the Late Triassic. Early accounts of Indian aetosaurs were based on material from the

1593: 1286: 1075: 1012: 919: 810:. They had multiple adaptations to strengthen the body in response to their heavy armor: the 598:

relatives, at which point they were interpreted as semiaquatic scavengers closely related to

10843: 9822: 9810:. Vol. 37. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. pp. 583–587. 2682:

A possible desmatosuchin characterized by cervical osteoderms that almost encircle the neck

954:

Aetosaurs were very heavily armored, with rows of large, interlocking bony plates, known as

587:, a small reptile originally known from teeth mistakenly referred to herbivorous dinosaurs. 10825: 10816: 10071: 9659:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 3. pp. 327–329. 9529: 9477: 9414: 9237: 9041: 8932: 8882: 8780: 8733: 8697:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 3. pp. 199–201. 8432: 8369: 8326: 8140: 8046: 7759: 7624: 7566: 7367: 7276: 7059: 6981: 5728: 4921: 1165: 830: 639: 578: 8846:

The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change Across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary

2121: 940: 8: 10196: 10139: 8714: 7048:"Aetosauria: A clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the Upper Triassic continental beds" 6920:"South American occurrences of the Adamanian (Late Triassic: Latest Carnian) index taxon 5929: 5925: 5230: 5113: 4264: 1597: 1230: 1200: 1118: 697: 621: 10075: 9879: 9533: 9481: 9418: 9333:

Ziehn, K.; Sangalang, E.; Fritz-Laylin, L.; Twu, C.; Huynh, A.; Smith, D. (1 May 2000).

9241: 9045: 8980: 8936: 8886: 8784: 8737: 8436: 8373: 8330: 8144: 8133:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences

8050: 7763: 7628: 7570: 7371: 7280: 7063: 6985: 6795:

in some of their published articles dealing with aetosaurs. In December 2006, the genus

6090:

nests. The "nests" are compacted and appear very similar to the nests of the modern day

4341:, was named in 2012. The phylogenetic analysis in that study found Aetosaurinae to be a 1751:. Aetosaurines, on the other hand, tend to have less spikes. Many aetosaurines, such as 1742:

Originally, all aetosaurs were considered members of the family Stagonolepididae. Early

918:, tended to be small, about a metre (3.2 ft) in length. Others were larger, such as the 704:, the rear edge of the naris receives a contribution from the concave front edge of the 10879: 10761: 9555: 9493: 9440: 9312: 9268: 9225: 9206: 9162: 9127: 8958: 8898: 8796: 8749: 8630:(Archosauria: Suchia) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona and a revision of the genus 8555: 8393: 8156: 7925: 7859: 7795: 7535: 7492: 7479: 7442: 7383: 7307: 7264: 7233: 7205: 7146: 7111: 7075: 6951: 5656: 5589: 4271:, claiming that Aetosauria included all crurotarsans that were more closely related to 1668: 1611: 1541: 1458: 1003:, a close relative of aetosaurs originally misidentified as a juvenile desmatosuchine. 775: 126: 10002: 9854: 9462: 9401:

Desojo, J.B.; Vizcaíno, S.F. (2009). "Jaw biomechanics in the South American aetosaur

8338: 7911: 7003: 4385:. Thus, under Heckert and Lucas's definition Aetosaurinae might be restricted to only 1401:

have been found in North America, South America, Europe, and parts of Asia and Africa.

10622: 10496: 10111: 10089: 9770: 9559: 9497: 9386: 9365: 9273: 9255: 9210: 9167: 9149: 9093: 9003: 8902: 8849: 8800: 8753: 8674: 8559: 8385: 8353: 7929: 7863: 7851: 7799: 7787: 7672: 7665: 7527: 7496: 7484: 7466: 7425: 7402: 7312: 7294: 7240: 7228: 7151: 7133: 7079: 7047: 6955: 6943: 6883: 6008: 5089: 4823: 4337: 4165: 4087: 3584: 3475: 3470: 3417: 3340: 3159: 2556: 2386: 2268: 2202: 2005: 1720: 1677: 1601: 1462: 1091: 822: 9653:"Tetrapod biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), western United States" 9444: 9316: 8962: 8486: 8397: 8160: 7539: 7387: 7209: 2274:

A large, late-surviving probable typothoracine known solely from smooth osteoderms.

959: 10646: 10569: 10384: 10079: 9545: 9537: 9485: 9430: 9422: 9381: 9304: 9263: 9245: 9202: 9198: 9157: 9139: 9083: 9053: 9049: 8995: 8948: 8940: 8890: 8788: 8741: 8666: 8603:

Burmeister, Kurtis C.; Flynn, John J.; Parrish, J. Michael; Wyss, Andre R. (2006).

8547: 8481: 8440: 8377: 8334: 8293: 8229:. 2010 Utah Geological Association Publication 28 (3rd ed.). pp. 589–623. 8148: 8129:"Triassic reptiles from the elgin area: Stagonolepis, Dasygnathus and their allies" 8054: 7920: 7915: 7907: 7878: 7843: 7777: 7767: 7660: 7646: 7642: 7574: 7519: 7474: 7458: 7420: 7375: 7302: 7284: 7197: 7187: 7141: 7123: 7067: 6999: 6972:

Lucas, S. G. (1998). "Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology".

6935: 6915: 6888: 6734: 6716:. The Revueltian ends with the next FAD, which happens to be that of the phytosaur 6083: 5906: 5704: 5062: 4775: 4492: 4438: 4354: 4268: 4260: 4161: 3652: 3598: 3590: 3529: 3273: 3211: 3042: 2923: 2794: 2790: 2570: 2566: 2382: 2378: 1982: 1978: 1907: 1843: 1839: 1580: 1418: 1317: 1307: 1103: 978: 895: 798:

and broad, five-toed feet. The forelimbs were smaller than the hind limbs, and the

724: 562: 414: 369: 9905: 8551: 8298: 8281: 7772: 7743: 3677:

An abundant wide-bodied typothoracine, known from multiple articulated skeletons.

10597: 10527: 10267: 10153: 8894: 8466: 8381: 7974: 7847: 7289: 7176:"The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades" 6774: 6409: 5914: 5476: 4761: 4604: 4058: 3681: 3177: 2904: 2709: 2676: 2501: 2283: 1855: 1650: 1494: 1245: 994: 963: 958:, protecting the back, sides, belly, and tail. These osteoderms generally have a 863: 736: 591: 405: 300: 215: 9828:(Archosauria Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of the American Southwest 8978: 7353:

with a reanalysis of the phylogeny of the Aetosauria (Archosauria:Pseudosuchia)"

4073:, or shared characteristics. The first synapomorphy concerned the jaw, with the 2048:

An aetosaur with aetosaurine-like osteoderms and desmatosuchine-like vertebrae.

1006: 806:. Nevertheless, their low and heavy body shape requires that all aetosaurs were 10711: 10666: 10579: 10520: 10434: 9489: 9460: 7578: 6742: 6701: 6398: 6117: 5313: 5144: 4880: 4806: 4644: 4328: 4216: 4070: 4019: 3782: 3306: 3075: 2976: 2197: 1646: 1514: 1470: 1114: 1102:. He also thought that these supposed scales were very similar to those of the 1036: 990: 859: 852: 841: 745: 717: 583: 336: 9426: 9339:

University of California Museum of Paleontology - History of life through time

9068: 8999: 8944: 8792: 8745: 7379: 1229:

is no longer considered valid. Cope, along with later paleontologists such as

10873: 10801: 10689: 10682: 10638: 10630: 10614: 10560: 10541: 10478: 10463: 10455: 10414: 10372: 9855:"Written Responses on Allegations, Suggestions to Improve the NMNHS Bulletin" 9259: 9250: 9187: 9153: 9126:

Hoffman, Devin K.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Zanno, Lindsay E. (13 February 2018).

9007: 8712: 8678: 8444: 8389: 7855: 7791: 7531: 7470: 7403:"New data on the braincase of the aetosaurian archosaur (Reptilia: Diapsida) 7298: 7137: 6947: 6778: 6718: 6430: 6151: 5996: 4530: 4513: 4462: 4425: 4322: 3691: 3644: 3578: 3521: 3458: 3332: 3265: 3203: 3151: 3125: 3066: 3016: 2891: 2837: 2784: 2729: 2668: 2643: 2620: 2542: 2516: 2488: 2463: 2446: 2415: 2405: 2370: 2344: 2261: 2058: 1970: 1944: 1899: 1884: 1870: 1831: 1765: 1759:, have smooth carapaces and lack spikes altogether. More recent studies (see 1743: 1732: 1723:. Aetosaurs were traditionally referred to a (now obsolete) group called the 1702:

indicated that it had the range of movement necessary to produce the tracks.

1641: 1606: 1574: 1426: 1289:

in 1896. Marsh had a long-time rivalry with Cope that was made famous in the

1065: 1028: 928: 914: 873: 867: 799: 791: 677: 671: 557: 530: 526: 506: 453: 325: 250: 118: 108: 66: 28: 8915: 6031:

Alternative theories have been proposed for the diet of aetosaurs. In 1947,

5999:, with large claws that were likely used for skratch-digging. One aetosaur, 4377:

positions. In the analysis, these taxa are actually more closely related to

2221: 1393: 509:, and in some strata from this time they are among the most abundant fossil 10586: 10534: 10471: 10448: 10394: 10283: 10258: 10093: 9794: 9707:

Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (1996). "Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology".

9669: 9277: 9171: 9097: 9088: 8500: 8279: 8173: 8152: 7488: 7316: 7155: 6844: 6750: 6730: 6729:

Biochrons for aetosaur genera have been developed for dating strata in the

6712:

stage, the Revueltian LVF starts at the beginning of the Norian around 216

5967: 5492: 5074: 4897: 4580: 4448: 4374: 4342: 4310: 4298: 4173: 4078: 4066: 4053:

were included in the phylogenetic analysis. Aetosaurs were found to form a

3554: 3360: 3112:

A small aetosaur based on an immature specimen, which may be referrable to

3047: 2760: 2691: 2291: 2231: 2214: 1878: 1805: 1716: 1654: 1486: 1422: 1378: 1352: 1348: 1234: 1107: 1079: 1070: 1061: 999: 986: 946: 889: 574: 549: 545: 486: 346: 275: 199: 10032:

Martz, Jeff; Taylor, Mark; Wedel, Matt; Naish, Darren (17 February 2010).

8058: 6007:

and manual flexor muscles often used in digging. Moreover, it has a large

4255:

resulted in a larger tree of aetosaur phylogenetics with the inclusion of

3409: 1604:(Paleorrota). Chilean aetosaurs are represented by one fragmentary genus, 1267: 756: 716:

is fairly standard by pseudosuchian standards, though the opening for the

615: 10810: 10697: 10513: 10031: 9768: 9672:"Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology: 2007 status" 9332: 8844:

and its significance for Triassic biostratigraphy". In Padian, K. (ed.).

6817: 6071:. This is likely the animal that made the nests discovered there in 1996. 4856: 4292: 4286: 4185: 2812: 2720: 1724: 1466: 1398: 1369: 1298: 1182: 1022: 879: 682: 665: 41: 10033: 8626:

Parker, William G. (2008). "Description of new material of the aetosaur

7782: 5977:

Restorations of Stagonolepis robertsoni, after skeletal by Hartman, 2016

10704: 10505: 10485: 10407: 10249: 9435: 9144: 7830:

Heckert, Andrew B.; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Celeskey, Matthew D. (2021).

7128: 6840: 6792: 6713: 6690: 6025: 5921: 5920:

In 2012 another "stem aetosaur" was described from the Middle Triassic

5892: 4547: 4479: 4304: 4172:

was still found to be the most basal member, but the phylogeny of more

4074: 4062: 3614: 3483: 3347:

A desmatosuchin known from an immature specimen originally assigned to

3296: 3165:

A large typothoracinae often considered a close relative or species of

2866: 2595: 2131: 1934: 1698: 1664: 1434: 1410: 1332: 1314: 1214: 1205: 1187: 955: 905: 846: 807: 786: 771: 661: 653: 510: 494: 86: 51: 10003:

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Executive Committee (23 May 2008).

9550: 8448: 7947:

Fr. Die gepanzerte Vogel-Echse aus dem Stubensandstein bei Stuttgar".

6003:, has an entepicondyle on the humerus, which is the origin of forearm 3424: 1649:

aetosaur. Reports of aetosaurs from Madagascar are based on probable

1136: 10422: 9769:

Martz, Jeff; Taylor, Mark; Wedel, Matt; Naish, Darren (1 June 2008).

9606:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. & Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

9541: 8670: 8317:

from the Triassic of Morocco and its biochronological significance".

7462: 7201: 7071: 6803:

in the museum's bulletin. However, four years earlier paleontologist

6458: 6294: 6098: 6091: 6087: 6016: 6004: 5991: 4401: 4316: 4248:. They also went on to correct the trees from all previous analyses. 4015: 3756: 3495: 3029: 2949: 2315: 2189: 2086: 1731:" crocodilian relatives that lived in the Triassic. With the rise of 1561: 1536: 1490: 1406: 1360: 1321: 1290: 1218: 1177: 1145: 1095: 713: 599: 595: 514: 490: 483: 186: 143: 91: 35: 10772: 10084: 10059: 9753:(M.Sc. thesis). Flagstaff: Northern Arizona University. p. 315. 9292: 8030: 6874:, the SVP found no explicit evidence for plagiarism. In the case of 2507:

A small but wide-bodied aetosaur closely related to typothoracines.

967: 10795: 10243: 9308: 8654: 8415: 7596: 6851: 6697: 6514: 6481: 6387: 6361: 6323: 6063: 5963: 4122: 3709: 3434: 3384: 2966: 2246: 2147: 1653:

scutes. Supposed aetosaurian footprints and skeletal material from

1619: 1557: 1549: 1498: 1446: 1414: 1336: 1328: 1273: 1087: 1083: 982: 741: 542: 502: 479: 163: 81: 76: 61: 56: 46: 7553:

Parker, W.G. (2005). "A new species of the Late Triassic aetosaur

7192: 7175: 6924:(Archosauria: Aetosauria) and their biochronological significance" 1858:, previously considered a valid aetosaur or juvenile specimens of 1225:

has been found in recent years throughout the American southwest,

10654: 10165: 9903: 9877: 8918:"The higher-level phylogeny of Archosauria (Tetrapoda: Diapsida)" 8916:

Brusatte, S.L.; Benton, M.J.; Desojo, J.B.; Langer, M.C. (2010).

6492: 6470: 6349: 6115:

were later identified as those of the small-bodied pseudosuchian

6012: 5888: 5872:, a pseudosuchian that may be close to the ancestry of aetosaurs. 5864: 4083: 3370: 3239: 3085: 3003: 2856: 2822: 2653: 2473: 2450: 2297: 2163: 2068: 2016: 1689: 1660: 1545: 1530: 1518: 1442: 1430: 1249: 1173: 1169: 1149: 910: 803: 705: 657: 402: 173: 96: 71: 10830: 9904:

Martz, J.; Taylor, M.; Wedel, M.; Naish, D. (17 February 2010).

9795:

Spielmann, J.A.; Hunt, A.P.; Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (2006).

9670:

Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Heckert, A.B.; Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

8501:

Heckert, A.B.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Spielmann, J.A. (2007).

8174:

Heckert, A.B.; Spielmann, J.A.; Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. (2007).

7509: 731:(at the upper front part). This trait is otherwise only seen in 10237: 8225:. In Sprinkel, D.A.; Chidsey, T.C. Jr.; Anderson, P.B. (eds.). 6709: 6503: 6447: 6102:

so close to the nests, it is likely that aetosaurs built them.

6015:

muscle. While many studies have suggested that aetosaurs had a

4099: 3705: 3628: 3564: 3506: 3444: 3397: 3317: 3250: 3188: 3136: 3102: 3089: 2986: 2934: 2876: 2770: 2742: 2605: 2527: 2355: 2301: 2242: 2143: 2099: 2072: 2034: 2020: 1955: 1919: 1816: 1736: 1681: 1565: 1502: 1253: 1040: 900: 818: 795: 569: 534: 522: 153: 9725: 9066: 6870:(SVP) in 2007, and a response was given in 2008. In regard to 6075:

At least some aetosaurs built nests and protected their eggs.

4400:

would be the first non-stagonolepidid aetosaur. The following

4345:

grouping. As a paraphyletic group, aetosaurines would share a

10188: 9878:

Martz, J.; Taylor, M.; Wedel, M.; Naish, D. (10 March 2008).

8979:

Julia B. Desojo; Martin D. Ezcurra; Edio E. Kischlat (2012).

4350: 4095: 4091: 4054: 3724: 2429: 2176: 1685: 1615: 1569: 1506: 1465:

along the East Coast of the United States, in states such as

1438: 1313:

As a distinct group, Aetosauria was named in 1889 by English

971: 826: 782: 779: 693: 656:(the bone forming the tip of the snout) and the front of the 538: 518: 473: 465: 457: 8691: 6700:

index fossil and is commonly used to date Late Triassic and

2445:. It was found in strata that were originally thought to be 1335:(a group including phytosaurs and other Triassic forms) and 727:(at the lower front part of the braincase), rather than the 438: 393: 9572: 8609:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin

8242: 7262: 6940:

10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0852:SAOOTA>2.0.CO;2

5987: 1450: 1043:

opening. Large, hooked spines occur around this opening in

977:

Aetosaurs have four rows of osteoderms running along their

708:. At the rear upper part of the skull, a hole known as the 498: 444: 441: 429: 423: 417: 384: 378: 372: 9936:. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2008. Archived from 8816:"Archosaur evidence in the Buntsandstein (Lower Triassic)" 8602: 6768: 5905:

and Aetosauria, potentially making it the earliest known "

5901:, a Middle Triassic pseudosuchian, as the sister taxon of 1592:, respectively. In Brazil, fossils have been found in the 1405:

Aetosaur fossils have been found on all continents except

1032:, where the spike is enlarged into a sharply curved horn. 9619:

New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin

9605: 8848:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 61–88. 8416:

Silva, R.C. Da; Carvalho, I. De S.; Schwanke, C. (2007).

8176:"Biostratigraphic utility of the Upper Triassic aetosaur 7524:

10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2

4244:

are more closely related to each other than either is to

3416:

The first aetosaur to be described, previously used as a

2800:

A typhothoracine based on fossils previously referred to

1417:) continents, and fossils are particularly common in the 1099: 981:(back) side, forming a continuous plate often called the 794:(typical to ancestral pseudosuchians), such as the stout 744:

as well. The jaw joint is set at a low position, and the

689: 9223: 7045: 4196:, respectively. More importantly, a new aetosaur called 2217:

aetosaur with a wide geographic distribution in Europe.

9032:

and the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria".

7829: 7440: 6121:(which is not an aetosaur), and juvenile osteoderms of 4113:

member of the clade, the earliest to diverge after the

2396:, which it was formerly considered to be a species of. 1244:. At the time, Cope considered Aetosauria to belong to 548:. Many aetosaurs had wide geographic ranges, but their 8540: 8352:

Parker, William G.; Martz, Jeffrey W. (14 July 2010).

8217: 7972: 7741: 3288:

A strongly-armored desmatosuchian closely related to

435: 420: 390: 375: 10129: 9860:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. 9400: 8974: 8972: 8319:

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA

8009:

Postilla, Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin

6753:

LVF to the Apachean LVF and included genera such as

4204:

was found to be a basal aetosaur closely related to

1185:

assigned these specimens to the newly erected genus

696:(nostril holes) are elongated, much larger than the 426: 381: 342: 332: 321: 306: 296: 281: 271: 256: 246: 9573:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. & Huber, P. (1998). 9125: 9113:

Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I

6913: 6156: 1556:Aetosaurs are also found in areas corresponding to 1164:More complete aetosaur remains were found from the 432: 387: 9726:Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P.; Spielmann, J.A. (2006). " 9706: 9519: 9110: 8868: 8572: 7664: 7614: 7232: 7180:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5913:part of a different family of pseudosuchians, the 2752:A paratypothoracin diagnosed from skull fragments 1493:. These two genera were originally named from the 790:is similar to rauisuchians, other traits are more 9067:Harris, S.R.; Gower, D.J.; Wilkinson, M. (2002). 8969: 8954:20.500.11820/24322ff3-e80e-45f2-8d53-d35fd104195c 7400: 6974:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 6821:until January 2007, when Parker's description of 4251:More recently, a 2007 analysis by paleontologist 3541:A small basal aetosaurine originally assigned to 10871: 9608:"Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited" 9522:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 8503:"Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited" 7691: 7052:Geological Society, London, Special Publications 6785:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 4184:were split into two different clades with their 1922:which is now lost. Possibly a junior synonym of 1735:, aetosaurs were later placed in a group called 1327:. They considered Aetosauria to be one of three 1248:, an order of reptiles that includes the living 577:, based primarily on broad differences in skull 401:) are heavily armored reptiles belonging to the 10182:University of California Museum of Paleontology 9650: 9613:. In Lucas, S.G. & Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8840:Olsen, P.E.; Baird, D. (1988). "The ichnogenus 8104:Sawin, H.J. (1947). "The pseudosuchian reptile 4259:. Based on the tree, Parker defined the clades 1618:, which, along with South America, was part of 478:, "lizard")). They were medium- to large-sized 10172:Aetosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide 8839: 8243:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B.; Huber, P. (1998). 1217:. However, Cope considered these genera to be 10204: 9880:"Aetogate: Martz's response to Spencer Lucas" 7710: 7708: 6125:have been reinterpreted as those of aetosaur 5986:Aetosaurs were herbivores, likely feeding on 5936:, it has a maxilla that fits into the jugal. 1331:of the order Crocodilia, the other two being 675:and a small specimen tentatively referred to 9906:"Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico" 9808:The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition 9732:The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition 9028:Parrish, J.M. (1994). "Cranial osteology of 7717:"The Aetosaur Paper that Changed Everything" 4357:containing all taxa more closely related to 1776: 1297:was found from the eastern United States in 505:. All known aetosaurs are restricted to the 10282: 9341:. Regents of the University of California. 8659:Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 8351: 7981:. Vol. II. Nature. pp. 1180–1196. 7900:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 7898:, and on the evolution of the Crocodilia". 1989:A large desmatosuchian, closely related to 1525:was present in Africa, as fossils from the 1194: 1035:In most aetosaurs (a major exception being 555:Nearly all aetosaurs (except for the genus 10211: 10197: 10038:Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico 9775:Aetogate: asking for answers in New Mexico 9751:from the Late Triassic of Northern Arizona 9677:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 9601: 9599: 9456: 9454: 9370:(Reptilia: Archosauria: Stagonolepididae)" 9183: 9181: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8508:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8238: 8236: 8185:. In Lucas, S.G.; Spielmann, J.A. (eds.). 8065: 7883:. Neuchâtel: Jent et Gassman. p. 171. 7806: 7705: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 4098:, and the iliofibularis trochanter of the 3461:(Connecticut, New Jersey, North Carolina) 521:). Aetosaur fossil remains are known from 107: 16:Extinct order of heavily armoured reptiles 10356: 10083: 9764: 9762: 9760: 9549: 9434: 9385: 9374:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 9267: 9249: 9161: 9143: 9087: 8952: 8485: 8297: 7919: 7781: 7771: 7636: 7478: 7424: 7412:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 7306: 7288: 7191: 7145: 7127: 7031: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6993: 4065:belong. Parrish found Aetosauria to be a 3420:for other narrow-bodied basal aetosaurs. 1158:State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart 1060:Aetosaur material was first described by 9023: 9021: 9019: 9017: 8766: 8536: 8534: 8494: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8167: 8099: 8097: 8095: 6967: 6965: 6062: 5972: 5952: 5863: 1535: 1392: 1266: 1135: 1129:was not a fish, but a reptile. However, 1005: 939: 837:reinforcements between their vertebrae. 802:in particular was much shorter than the 755: 614: 10162:Archosauromorpha: Suchia (Aetosauridae) 9897: 9871: 9788: 9663: 9596: 9451: 9328: 9326: 9178: 9027: 8909: 8813: 8715:"Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur 8701: 8273: 8233: 8218:Santucci, V.L.; Kirkland, J.I. (2010). 8213: 8211: 8035:) from the Connecticut River Sandstone" 7991: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7876: 7671:(2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. 7659: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7227: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7173: 7169: 7167: 7165: 5859: 4392:Another finding of this study was that 3605:A typical wide-bodied paratypothoracin 1441:. Some remains have also been found in 1342: 1055: 10872: 10060:"Fossil reptiles mired in controversy" 10057: 10025: 9771:"Timeline of publications and letters" 9757: 9744: 9655:. In Lucas, S.G.; Morales, M. (eds.). 9345:from the original on 24 September 2010 9290: 8625: 8464: 8306: 8126: 8071: 7973:Nicholson, H.A.; Lydekker, R. (1889). 7893: 7714: 7552: 7346: 7110:Parker, William G. (21 January 2016). 7109: 7010: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6799:was erected as a replacement name for 6666: 1156:in 1877. The skeletons are now in the 751: 10777: 10776: 10230: 10192: 10104: 10021:from the original on 11 October 2008. 9992:from the original on 11 October 2008. 9923: 9852: 9834:(M.Sc. thesis). Texas Tech University 9820: 9814: 9738: 9719: 9631: 9625: 9566: 9513: 9363: 9357: 9284: 9060: 9014: 8685: 8652: 8531: 8458: 8404: 8312: 8227:Geology of Utah's Parks and Monuments 8103: 8092: 8028: 8022: 7985: 7942: 7887: 7814:Aetosaurs 101: Osteoderm Nomenclature 7653: 7546: 7503: 7235:Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 6971: 6962: 6704:terrestrial strata. Since the FAD of 4137:, and another polytomy that included 2910:A desmatosuchin often conflated with 2328:An indeterminate aetosaur similar to 1672:are often associated with aetosaurs. 760:Life restoration and size diagram of 594:. Aetosaurs were later recognized as 10051: 9867:from the original on 28 August 2008. 9700: 9644: 9394: 9323: 9104: 8862: 8833: 8807: 8760: 8619: 8566: 8208: 7959: 7936: 7870: 7685: 7601: 7323: 7258: 7256: 7216: 7162: 7105: 7103: 7101: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7089: 6749:. These biochrons occurred from the 6159: 4361:than to the last common ancestor of 4105:In Parrish's phylogenetic analysis, 1614:. Aetosaurs have also been found in 1461:. Aetosaurs are also known from the 1281:A third North American genus called 1086:, but considered the fossil to be a 817:attached to a lower position on the 619:Aetosaur skull reconstructions: (A) 8925:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8596: 8573:Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.P. (2002). 8286:Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience 7695:Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 7401:Gower, D. J.; Walker A. D. (2002). 7394: 7360:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6902: 6828:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 6668:Axis scale: millions of years ago. 5895:. One phylogenetic analysis places 2530:(Adamanian - earliest Revueltian?) 2441:A poorly-known aetosaur similar to 13: 10012:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 9983:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 9293:"Reclassification of the reptilia" 9191:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9034:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8726:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8579:biochron, Late Triassic of Pangea" 8544:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8362:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8313:Lucas, S.G. (1998). "The aetosaur 7752:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7617:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7512:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 6868:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 6134:whether they had wide bodies like 4018:was first investigated in 1994 by 1429:. Most fossils have been found in 14: 10901: 10125: 9747:Description of a new specimen of 7912:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1875.031.01-04.29 7715:Parker, Bill (13 February 2009). 7253: 7086: 5957:In 1904, American paleontologist 4228:is the most basal aetosaur, that 4156:A later study by paleontologists 4094:, the intracondylar ridge of the 1772: 1705: 1533:have been referred to the genus. 1233:, recognized that remains of the 1213:in 1877, both of which were from 285:Stagonolepidoidea / Desmatosuchia 10757: 10756: 10738: 10146: 10132: 10120:, 2nd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd. 9651:Lucas, S.G.; Hunt, A.P. (1993). 9387:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00028.x 9335:"Introduction to the Aetosauria" 8653:Knoll, Fabien (1 January 2004). 8127:Walker, A. D. (31 August 1961). 7597:https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24798 7443:"Osteology and relationships of 7426:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00023.x 6783:In 2007, paleontologists at the 6145: 3717: 3680: 3637: 3631:(latest Adamanian - Revueltian) 3571: 3514: 3451: 3423: 3390: 3377: 3325: 3295: 3258: 3196: 3144: 3095: 3065: 3022: 3009: 2996: 2965: 2942: 2884: 2855: 2830: 2777: 2735: 2661: 2613: 2584: 2535: 2481: 2422: 2363: 2308: 2254: 2220: 2213:A small (1.5 m, 5 ft long) 2182: 2169: 2156: 2120: 2092: 2079: 2027: 1963: 1933: 1892: 1854:A valid species of non-aetosaur 1824: 1140:The articulated skeletons of 22 610: 413: 368: 130: 39: 9996: 9968: 9853:Lucas, Spencer (3 March 2008). 9846: 9824:The morphology and ontogeny of 9621:. Vol. 41. pp. 49–50. 9504: 9217: 9119: 8646: 8487:10.4067/s0716-02082003000100004 8345: 8120: 7823: 7812:Bill Parker (12 August 2009). " 7735: 7595:. The Anatomical Record, 1–20. 7585: 7434: 5947: 5891:that fits into a groove of the 3441:Junior synonym or Nomen dubium 1388: 950:, showing osteoderm terminology 10218: 10178:Introduction to the Aetosauria 9203:10.1080/02724634.2012.10635175 9054:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011552 8262:(6): 1215–1230. Archived from 8074:"Who Has Worked on Aetosaurs?" 8072:Parker, Bill (9 August 2009). 7647:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011122 7557:(Archosauria: Pseudosuchia)". 7349:"Reassessment of the aetosaur 6689:, has been used to define the 6585: 6105: 4200:was included in the analysis. 3581:(Texas, New Mexico, Arizona?) 2453:in age, rather than Triassic. 1918:A dubious aetosaur based on a 1760: 1271:Photograph of the carapace of 605: 1: 8823:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 8552:10.1080/02724634.2023.2253292 8339:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80211-5 8299:10.7146/moggeosci.v32i.140904 7773:10.1080/02724634.2020.1794885 7004:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00117-5 6895: 6769:"Aetogate" naming controversy 6086:, assumed to be aetosaur and 5424: Stagonolepidinae 3647:(Arizona, Texas, New Mexico) 3019:(Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), 1481:have been recovered from the 926:and the early desmatosuchine 9407:Paläontologische Zeitschrift 8895:10.1080/10420940.2011.632456 8382:10.1080/02724634.2010.483536 7848:10.5710/AMGH.05.09.2021.3426 7667:Evolution of the Vertebrates 7290:10.1371/journal.pone.0201450 7239:. W.H. Freeman and Company. 3745: 2545:(Texas, Arizona, New Mexico) 2392:A desmatosuchian similar to 2203:Calcare di Zorzino Formation 1277:, described by Marsh in 1896 1123:Geological Society of London 1068:in 1844. He named the genus 966:or spongy bone (also called 474: 7: 8039:American Journal of Science 6708:is at the beginning of the 6667: 6288: 6035:proposed that the aetosaur 5620: Desmatosuchini 4347:most recent common ancestor 4176:aetosaurs differed in that 4115:most recent common ancestor 2914:, which it coexisted with. 2608:? (Adamanian - Revueltian) 1710: 1521:. It is also possible that 10: 10906: 9490:10.2110/palo.2005.p05-137r 8474:Revista Geológica de Chile 8011:(16): 1–27. Archived from 7820:. Accessed 8 January 2010. 7579:10.1016/j.crpv.2005.03.002 6801:"Desmatosuchus" chamaensis 6772: 6694:land vertebrate faunachron 5573:Adamanasuchus eisenhardtae 5416: Desmatosuchia 5332:Paratypothorax andressorum 5246:Rioarribasuchus chamaensis 1694:Dinosaur National Monument 1657:are also unsubstantiated. 1050: 628:Paratypothorax andressorum 466: 458: 10890:Late Triassic extinctions 10785: 10752: 10735: 10665: 10609: 10596: 10568: 10559: 10495: 10443: 10433: 10402: 10393: 10382: 10367: 10352: 10333: 10309: 10291: 10278: 10226: 9427:10.1007/s12542-009-0032-6 9000:10.11646/zootaxa.3166.1.1 8945:10.1080/14772010903537732 8793:10.1080/10420940009380164 8746:10.1080/02724631003763524 8031:"A new belodont reptile ( 7894:Huxley, T.H. (1875). "On 7445:Revueltosaurus callenderi 7380:10.1017/S1477201906001994 6811:to the newly named genus 5880:Revueltosaurus callenderi 5870:Revueltosaurus callenderi 5742: 5725: 5718: 5701: 5694: 5677: 5670: 5653: 5646: 5629: 5622: 5586: 5569: 5562: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5514: 5507: 5488: 5481: 5450: 5433: 5426: 5418: 5328: 5310: 5303: 5286: 5279: 5266: 5259: 5242: 5235: 5204: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5156: 5149: 5127: 5110: 5103: 5086: 5079: 5067: 5045: 5038: 4935: 4918: 4911: 4894: 4877: 4870: 4853: 4846: 4820: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4772: 4765: 4736: 4719: 4712: 4704: 4641: 4625: 4618: 4601: 4594: 4577: 4570: 4544: 4527: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4476: 4459: 4452: 4442: 4422: 4415: 4369:". The 2012 study placed 4335:A new genus of aetosaur, 4211:In 2003, paleontologists 4145:, and a clade containing 4109:was found to be the most 3967: 3934: 3919: 3912: 3897: 3882: 3875: 3851: 3836: 3829: 3822: 3807: 3800: 3780: 3773: 3732:Lower Dharmaram Formation 3595:Bluewater Creek Formation 2990:(Adamanian - Revueltian) 1912:Bluewater Creek Formation 1637:Lower Dharmaram Formation 1455:Canyonlands National Park 1381:'s 1961 redescription of 1111:due to their large size. 317:Heckert & Lucas, 2000 267:Heckert & Lucas, 2000 243: 238: 127:Scientific classification 125: 115: 106: 23: 10885:Norian first appearances 9749:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 9403:Neoaetosauroides engaeus 9368:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 9251:10.1186/1471-2148-14-128 9230:BMC Evolutionary Biology 8445:10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.011 7351:Desmatosuchus chamaensis 6166: 6131:lines of arrested growth 6069:Desmatosuchus haplocerus 6058: 5898:Turfanosuchus dabanensis 5681:Sierritasuchus macalpini 5633:Gorgetosuchus pekinensis 5518:Neoaetosauroides engaeus 5290:Tecovasuchus chatterjeei 2894:(Texas, North Carolina) 2491:(Texas, North Carolina) 1860:Desmatosuchus spurensis. 1511:Timesgadiouine Formation 1359:(described in detail by 1301:. Marsh also recognized 1195:First American aetosaurs 935: 493:more closely related to 489:, part of the branch of 10117:Vertebrate Paleontology 9297:The American Naturalist 8628:Desmatosuchus spurensis 8110:Journal of Paleontology 7921:2027/hvd.32044107172884 7896:Stagonolepis Robertsoni 7405:Stagonolepis robertsoni 6928:Journal of Paleontology 6789:Albuquerque, New Mexico 6279:−200 — 6269:−205 — 6259:−210 — 6249:−215 — 6239:−220 — 6229:−225 — 6219:−230 — 6209:−235 — 6199:−240 — 6189:−245 — 6179:−250 — 6169:−255 — 5981: 5928:that fits into a large 5746:Desmatosuchus spurensis 5454:Stagonolepis robertsoni 5437:Polesinesuchus aurelioi 5208:Redondasuchus rineharti 5131:Coahomasuchus kahleorum 4939:Desmatosuchus spurensis 4740:Stagonolepis robertsoni 4234:Stagonolepis robertsoni 4232:is the sister taxon of 3666:Cooper Canyon Formation 3661:Petrified Forest Member 3283:Cooper Canyon Formation 3216:Petrified Forest Member 3053:Fleming Fjord Formation 2957:Los Colorados Formation 2900:Colorado City Formation 2846:Colorado City Formation 2629:Cooper Canyon Formation 2552:Cooper Canyon Formation 2497:Colorado City Formation 2323:Ischigualasto Formation 2208:Fleming Fjord Formation 2107:Ischigualasto Formation 1590:Los Colorados Formation 1586:Ischigualasto Formation 1489:, on the east coast of 1483:Fleming Fjord Formation 1383:Stagonolepis robertsoni 1357:Desmatosuchus spurensis 1325:Henry Alleyne Nicholson 1152:and first described by 947:Stagonolepis robertsoni 763:Desmatosuchus spurensis 634:Stagonolepis robertsoni 9956:Cite journal requires 9657:The Nonmarine Triassic 9089:10.1080/10635150309341 8767:Avanzini, M. (2000). " 8695:The Nonmarine Triassic 8153:10.1098/rstb.1961.0007 7992:Gregory, J.T. (1953). 7746:Acaenasuchus geoffreyi 7559:Comptes Rendus Palevol 7347:Parker, W. G. (2007). 7174:Nesbitt, S.J. (2011). 6161:Aetosaur biochronology 6138:or narrow bodies like 6072: 5978: 5959:Henry Fairfield Osborn 5873: 5049:Aetosauroides scagliai 3771:Rauisuchiformes 3206:(New Mexico, Arizona) 3139:- Rhaetian (Apachean) 1727:, which included all " 1584:hail from the Carnian 1553: 1402: 1278: 1161: 1016: 951: 766: 710:supratemporal fenestra 649: 646:Aetosauroides scagliai 10852:Paleobiology Database 9826:Typothorax coccinarum 9745:Parker, W.G. (2003). 9364:Small, B. J. (2002). 9291:Osborn, H.F. (1904). 8717:Typothorax coccinarum 8465:Desojo, J.B. (2001). 8059:10.2475/ajs.s4-2.7.59 7744:"Skeletal Anatomy of 7451:The Anatomical Record 6825:was published in the 6722:and the start of the 6687:Typothorax coccinarum 6066: 5976: 5953:Early interpretations 5867: 5549:Calyptosuchus wellesi 5191:Typothorax coccinarum 5160:Apachesuchus heckerti 4723:Calyptosuchus wellesi 4129:, a clade containing 3671:Bull Canyon Formation 3405:Lossiemouth Sandstone 3225:Bull Canyon Formation 3108:Santa Maria Formation 3038:Lower Stubensandstein 2112:Santa Maria Formation 2042:Santa Maria Formation 1744:phylogenetic analyses 1699:Typothorax coccinarum 1642:Venkatasuchus armatus 1539: 1495:Lower Stubensandstein 1396: 1287:Othniel Charles Marsh 1270: 1240:actually belonged to 1139: 1076:Lossiemouth Sandstone 1013:Typothorax coccinarum 1009: 943: 759: 725:parabasisphenoid bone 618: 464:(aetos, "eagle") and 9821:Martz, J.W. (2002). 9688:on 27 September 2011 9366:"Cranial anatomy of 8814:Haubold, H. (1983). 8519:on 27 September 2011 8196:on 27 September 2011 8029:Marsh, O.C. (1896). 7877:Agassiz, L. (1844). 6067:Life restoration of 5868:Life restoration of 5860:Origin and evolution 5729:Desmatosuchus smalli 4922:Desmatosuchus smalli 3534:red siltstone member 2562:Santa Rosa Formation 2198:Lower Stubensandtein 1715:Aetosaurs belong to 1598:Caturrita Formations 1425:of the southwestern 1343:20th century updates 1260:, was reassigned to 1166:Lower Stubensandtein 1056:Early European finds 1010:Life restoration of 944:Skeletal diagram of 835:hyposphene-hypantrum 831:transverse processes 785:vertically with the 698:antorbital fenestrae 640:Desmatosuchus smalli 10140:Paleontology portal 10076:2008Natur.451..510D 10058:Dalton, R. (2008). 9679:The Global Triassic 9615:The Global Triassic 9534:2013GSLSP.379..413T 9482:2007Palai..22..465A 9419:2009PalZ...83..499D 9242:2014BMCEE..14..128B 9115:. 11–12: 1539–1587. 9046:1994JVPal..14..196P 8937:2010JSPal...8....3B 8887:2011Ichno..18..197L 8785:2000Ichno...7..243A 8738:2010JVPal..30..619H 8510:The Global Triassic 8437:2007GondR..11..303C 8374:2010JVPal..30.1100P 8331:1998CRASE.326..589L 8187:The Global Triassic 8145:1961RSPTB.244..103W 8051:1896AmJS....2...59M 7945:Aetosaurus ferratus 7943:Fraas, O. (1877). " 7764:2020JVPal..40E4885M 7629:1999JVPal..19...50H 7571:2005CRPal...4..327P 7372:2007JSPal...5...41P 7281:2018PLoSO..1301450B 7064:2013GSLSP.379..203D 6986:1998PPP...143..347L 6863:was not mentioned. 6747:Justin A. Spielmann 6078:In 1996, geologist 5926:antorbital fenestra 5231:Paratypothoracisini 5114:Aetosaurus ferratus 4265:Paratypothoracisini 3759:from Parrish (1994) 1365:"Typothorax" meadei 1256:. Another species, 1231:Friedrich von Huene 1201:Edward Drinker Cope 1119:Thomas Henry Huxley 752:Postcranial anatomy 723:passes through the 622:Aetosaurus ferratus 10105:General references 9145:10.7717/peerj.4368 9076:Systematic Biology 9030:Longosuchus meadei 8871:Brachychirotherium 7975:"Order Crocodilia" 7229:Carroll, Robert L. 7129:10.7717/peerj.1583 6670:References: Lucas 6073: 5979: 5874: 5657:Longosuchus meadei 5590:Scutarx deltatylus 4166:temporal fenestrae 4061:, to which living 4023:J. Michael Parrish 3545:a close relative. 2707:Junior synonym of 2436:El Bordo Formation 1674:Brachychirotherium 1669:Brachychirotherium 1612:Antofagasta Region 1554: 1542:Brachychirotherium 1459:Zion National Park 1453:, particularly in 1403: 1279: 1162: 1144:, discovered near 1017: 952: 829:was enlarged, the 767: 650: 116:Skeletal mount of 10867: 10866: 10779:Taxon identifiers 10770: 10769: 10748: 10747: 10733: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10725: 10724: 10721: 10720: 10670:(Desmatosuchinae 10623:Aetobarbakinoides 10555: 10554: 10551: 10550: 10497:Paratypothoracini 10348: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10329: 10328: 9910:Miketaylor.org.uk 9884:Miketaylor.org.uk 8855:978-0-521-36779-0 8431:(2007): 303–310. 8425:Gondwana Research 8106:Typothorax meadei 7678:978-0-471-38461-8 7457:(10): 2353–2414. 7246:978-0-7167-1822-2 6884:Watergate scandal 6739:Andrew B. Heckert 6714:million years ago 6683: 6682: 6140:Aetobarbakinoides 6009:olecranon process 5856: 5855: 5847: 5846: 5838: 5837: 5829: 5828: 5820: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5802: 5801: 5793: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5775: 5774: 5766: 5765: 5757: 5756: 5610: 5609: 5601: 5600: 5465: 5464: 5406: 5405: 5397: 5396: 5388: 5387: 5379: 5378: 5370: 5369: 5361: 5360: 5352: 5351: 5343: 5342: 5219: 5218: 5090:Stenomyti huangae 5022: 5021: 5013: 5012: 5004: 5003: 4995: 4994: 4986: 4985: 4977: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4950: 4949: 4835: 4834: 4824:Aetobarbakinoides 4751: 4750: 4710:Stagonolepidinae 4693: 4692: 4684: 4683: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4665: 4657: 4656: 4559: 4558: 4338:Aetobarbakinoides 4253:William G. Parker 4158:Andrew B. Heckert 4088:fourth trochanter 4012: 4011: 4007: 4006: 3998: 3997: 3989: 3988: 3980: 3979: 3956: 3955: 3947: 3946: 3864: 3863: 3743: 3742: 3585:Tecovas Formation 3476:Sanford Formation 3471:Passaic Formation 3418:wastebasket taxon 3341:Tecovas Formation 3268:(Arizona, Texas) 3160:Redonda Formation 2879:? (Otischalkian) 2825:? (Otischalkian) 2748:Grabowa Formation 2671:(North Carolina) 2656:? (Otischalkian) 2557:Tecovas Formation 2476:? (Otischalkian) 2387:Tecovas Formation 2373:(Arizona, Texas) 2269:Redonda Formation 2006:Aetobarbakinoides 1678:Rio Grande do Sul 1663:belonging to the 1602:Rio Grande do Sul 1527:Zarzaitine Series 1463:Newark Supergroup 1092:Old Red Sandstone 844:, exemplified by 823:fourth trochanter 361: 360: 318: 293: 268: 234: 34:231.4–201.4 10897: 10860: 10859: 10847: 10846: 10834: 10833: 10821: 10820: 10819: 10806: 10805: 10804: 10774: 10773: 10760: 10759: 10743: 10742: 10647:Neoaetosauroides 10607: 10606: 10570:Stagonolepidinae 10566: 10565: 10441: 10440: 10400: 10399: 10391: 10390: 10385:Stagonolepididae 10365: 10364: 10354: 10353: 10289: 10288: 10280: 10279: 10273: 10272: 10228: 10227: 10213: 10206: 10199: 10190: 10189: 10156: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10142: 10137: 10136: 10135: 10098: 10097: 10087: 10055: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10044: 10034:"Press Coverage" 10029: 10023: 10022: 10020: 10009: 10000: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9980: 9972: 9966: 9965: 9959: 9954: 9952: 9944: 9943:on 14 July 2010. 9942: 9935: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9916: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9859: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9833: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9805: 9792: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9766: 9755: 9754: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9723: 9717: 9716: 9704: 9698: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9687: 9676: 9667: 9661: 9660: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9612: 9603: 9594: 9593: 9583: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9553: 9542:10.1144/SP379.19 9517: 9511: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9467: 9458: 9449: 9448: 9438: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9330: 9321: 9320: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9271: 9253: 9221: 9215: 9214: 9197:(Supp. 1): 149. 9185: 9176: 9175: 9165: 9147: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9091: 9073: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9025: 9012: 9011: 8985: 8976: 8967: 8966: 8956: 8922: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8837: 8831: 8830: 8820: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8723: 8710: 8699: 8698: 8689: 8683: 8682: 8671:10.2113/175.1.73 8650: 8644: 8643: 8623: 8617: 8616: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8583: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8538: 8529: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8518: 8507: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8471: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8447:. Archived from 8422: 8413: 8402: 8401: 8368:(4): 1100–1108. 8356:Lucasuchus hunti 8349: 8343: 8342: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8269:on 9 March 2012. 8268: 8253: 8240: 8231: 8230: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8195: 8184: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8139:(709): 103–204. 8124: 8118: 8117: 8101: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8069: 8063: 8062: 8026: 8020: 8019: 8018:on 27 June 2010. 8017: 8006: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7970: 7957: 7956: 7940: 7934: 7933: 7923: 7906:(1–4): 423–438. 7891: 7885: 7884: 7874: 7868: 7867: 7827: 7821: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7785: 7775: 7739: 7733: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7712: 7703: 7702: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7670: 7657: 7651: 7650: 7640: 7612: 7599: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7482: 7463:10.1002/ar.24757 7438: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7398: 7392: 7391: 7357: 7344: 7321: 7320: 7310: 7292: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7238: 7225: 7214: 7213: 7195: 7171: 7160: 7159: 7149: 7131: 7107: 7084: 7083: 7072:10.1144/SP379.17 7043: 7008: 7007: 6997: 6969: 6960: 6959: 6914:Heckert, A. B.; 6911: 6791:were accused of 6735:Spencer G. Lucas 6674:(1998), Heckert 6659: 6648: 6637: 6626: 6615: 6604: 6593: 6517: 6506: 6495: 6484: 6473: 6462: 6450: 6439: 6422: 6401: 6379: 6341: 6314: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6157: 6084:Chinle Formation 6080:Stephen Hasiotis 6045:Neoaetosauroides 6041:Neoaetosauroides 5930:antorbital fossa 5721: 5720: 5705:Lucasuchus hunti 5697: 5696: 5673: 5672: 5649: 5648: 5625: 5624: 5565: 5564: 5541: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5510: 5509: 5484: 5483: 5429: 5428: 5421: 5420: 5306: 5305: 5282: 5281: 5262: 5261: 5238: 5237: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5152: 5151: 5106: 5105: 5082: 5081: 5070: 5069: 5063:Stagonolepididae 5041: 5040: 5029: 5028: 4914: 4913: 4873: 4872: 4849: 4848: 4799: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4776:Neoaetosauroides 4768: 4767: 4715: 4714: 4707: 4706: 4621: 4620: 4597: 4596: 4573: 4572: 4506: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4493:Typothoracisinae 4455: 4454: 4445: 4444: 4439:Stagonolepididae 4418: 4417: 4408: 4407: 4355:stem-based taxon 4269:stem-based taxon 4261:Typothoracisinae 4246:Neoaetosauroides 4162:Spencer G. Lucas 4127:Neoaetosauroides 4043:Neoaetosauroides 3970:Neoaetosauroides 3915: 3914: 3878: 3877: 3832: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3803: 3802: 3776: 3775: 3768: 3767: 3750: 3749: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3684: 3653:Chinle Formation 3643: 3641: 3640: 3599:Blue Mesa Member 3577: 3575: 3574: 3530:Chinle Formation 3520: 3518: 3517: 3465:New Haven Arkose 3457: 3455: 3454: 3427: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3299: 3274:Chinle Formation 3264: 3262: 3261: 3212:Chinle Formation 3202: 3200: 3199: 3150: 3148: 3147: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3069: 3043:Chinle Formation 3028: 3026: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2969: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2924:Neoaetosauroides 2890: 2888: 2887: 2859: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2795:Blue Mesa Member 2791:Chinle Formation 2783: 2781: 2780: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2667: 2665: 2664: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2588: 2571:Blue Mesa Member 2567:Chinle Formation 2541: 2539: 2538: 2487: 2485: 2484: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2383:Blue Mesa Member 2379:Chinle Formation 2369: 2367: 2366: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2260: 2258: 2257: 2224: 2188: 2186: 2185: 2175: 2173: 2172: 2162: 2160: 2159: 2124: 2098: 2096: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2082: 2033: 2031: 2030: 1983:Blue Mesa Member 1979:Chinle Formation 1969: 1967: 1966: 1937: 1898: 1896: 1895: 1844:Blue Mesa Member 1840:Chinle Formation 1830: 1828: 1827: 1812:Non-aetosaurian 1792:Geological unit 1777: 1757:Neoaetosauroides 1624:Maleri Formation 1581:Neoaetosauroides 1572:. In Argentina, 1419:Chinle Formation 1318:Richard Lydekker 1104:lobe-finned fish 896:Neoaetosauroides 681:, is typical of 566:Stagonolepididae 561:) belong to the 477: 471: 470: 463: 462: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 440: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 422: 419: 400: 399: 396: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 344: 334: 323: 312: 310:Stagonolepidinae 308: 298: 287: 283: 273: 262: 260:Stagonolepididae 258: 248: 232: 227: 214: 135: 134: 111: 101: 38: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 10905: 10904: 10900: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10895: 10894: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10855: 10850: 10842: 10837: 10829: 10824: 10815: 10814: 10809: 10800: 10799: 10794: 10781: 10771: 10766: 10744: 10737: 10717: 10671: 10669: 10661: 10600: 10598:Desmatosuchinae 10592: 10547: 10528:Rioarribasuchus 10491: 10429: 10387: 10378: 10361: 10340: 10325: 10305: 10274: 10268:Aetosauriformes 10233: 10232: 10222: 10217: 10154:Reptiles portal 10152: 10147: 10145: 10138: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10123: 10107: 10102: 10101: 10085:10.1038/451510a 10056: 10052: 10042: 10040: 10030: 10026: 10018: 10007: 10001: 9997: 9989: 9985:. 23 May 2008. 9978: 9974: 9973: 9969: 9957: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9933: 9929: 9928: 9924: 9914: 9912: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9876: 9872: 9864: 9857: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9819: 9815: 9803: 9793: 9789: 9779: 9777: 9767: 9758: 9743: 9739: 9728:Rioarribasuchus 9724: 9720: 9705: 9701: 9691: 9689: 9685: 9674: 9668: 9664: 9649: 9645: 9630: 9626: 9610: 9604: 9597: 9592:(6): 1215–1230. 9581: 9571: 9567: 9518: 9514: 9509: 9505: 9465: 9459: 9452: 9399: 9395: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9331: 9324: 9303:(446): 93–115. 9289: 9285: 9222: 9218: 9186: 9179: 9124: 9120: 9109: 9105: 9071: 9065: 9061: 9026: 9015: 8983: 8977: 8970: 8920: 8914: 8910: 8867: 8863: 8856: 8838: 8834: 8829:(1–2): 123–132. 8818: 8812: 8808: 8765: 8761: 8721: 8711: 8702: 8690: 8686: 8651: 8647: 8624: 8620: 8601: 8597: 8581: 8571: 8567: 8539: 8532: 8522: 8520: 8516: 8505: 8499: 8495: 8469: 8463: 8459: 8454:on 6 July 2011. 8451: 8420: 8414: 8405: 8350: 8346: 8311: 8307: 8278: 8274: 8266: 8251: 8241: 8234: 8222: 8216: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8182: 8172: 8168: 8125: 8121: 8102: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8070: 8066: 8027: 8023: 8015: 8004: 7990: 7986: 7971: 7960: 7941: 7937: 7892: 7888: 7875: 7871: 7828: 7824: 7811: 7807: 7758:(4): e1794885. 7740: 7736: 7726: 7724: 7713: 7706: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7658: 7654: 7638:10.1.1.563.9516 7613: 7602: 7590: 7586: 7551: 7547: 7508: 7504: 7439: 7435: 7399: 7395: 7355: 7345: 7324: 7275:(8): e0201450. 7261: 7254: 7247: 7226: 7217: 7172: 7163: 7108: 7087: 7044: 7011: 6970: 6963: 6912: 6903: 6898: 6880:Rioarribasuchus 6809:"D." chamaensis 6797:Rioarribasuchus 6781: 6775:Rioarribasuchus 6773:Main articles: 6771: 6679: 6669: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6644: 6640: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6600: 6596: 6595: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6569: 6568: 6567: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6555: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6519: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6315: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6292: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6162: 6148: 6108: 6061: 5984: 5955: 5950: 5862: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5830: 5821: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5767: 5758: 5611: 5602: 5477:Desmatosuchinae 5466: 5407: 5398: 5389: 5380: 5371: 5362: 5353: 5344: 5220: 5023: 5014: 5005: 4996: 4987: 4978: 4969: 4960: 4951: 4836: 4762:Desmatosuchinae 4752: 4694: 4685: 4676: 4667: 4658: 4605:Rioarribasuchus 4560: 4213:Simon R. Harris 4059:Crocodylomorpha 4008: 3999: 3990: 3981: 3957: 3948: 3865: 3764: 3762: 3748: 3718: 3716: 3669: 3664: 3638: 3636: 3588: 3572: 3570: 3563:early - middle 3515: 3513: 3474: 3468: 3452: 3450: 3408: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3326: 3324: 3316:early - middle 3281: 3259: 3257: 3223: 3197: 3195: 3178:Rioarribasuchus 3145: 3143: 3096: 3094: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3032: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2943: 2941: 2905:Pekin Formation 2903: 2885: 2883: 2848: 2831: 2829: 2778: 2776: 2769:early - middle 2736: 2734: 2710:Rioarribasuchus 2698:Junior synonym 2677:Pekin Formation 2662: 2660: 2614: 2612: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2526:early - middle 2502:Pekin Formation 2500: 2482: 2480: 2423: 2421: 2364: 2362: 2354:early - middle 2309: 2307: 2284:Argentinosuchus 2255: 2253: 2206: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2150:? (Revueltian) 2110: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2028: 2026: 1964: 1962: 1954:early - middle 1893: 1891: 1825: 1823: 1775: 1713: 1708: 1680:in Paleorrota, 1676:are known from 1633:Paratypothorax, 1391: 1373:, described by 1345: 1246:Rhynchocephalia 1197: 1064:paleontologist 1058: 1053: 1037:desmatosuchines 995:crocodylomorphs 938: 922:-most aetosaur 864:Desmatosuchinae 860:desmatosuchines 754: 737:crocodylomorphs 613: 608: 416: 412: 371: 367: 313:Lydekker, 1887 301:Desmatosuchinae 263:Lydekker, 1887 231: 225: 216:Aetosauriformes 212: 129: 102: 100: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 33: 32: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10903: 10893: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10861: 10848: 10835: 10822: 10807: 10791: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10764: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10730: 10727: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10715: 10712:Sierritasuchus 10708: 10701: 10694: 10686: 10678: 10676: 10667:Desmatosuchini 10663: 10662: 10660: 10659: 10651: 10643: 10635: 10627: 10619: 10610: 10604: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10590: 10583: 10580:Polesinesuchus 10575: 10573: 10563: 10557: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10545: 10538: 10531: 10524: 10521:Paratypothorax 10517: 10510: 10501: 10499: 10493: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10482: 10475: 10468: 10460: 10452: 10444: 10438: 10435:Typothoracinae 10431: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10419: 10411: 10403: 10397: 10388: 10383: 10380: 10379: 10377: 10376: 10368: 10362: 10357: 10350: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10342: 10341: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10323: 10322: 10321: 10315: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10301: 10292: 10286: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10270: 10261: 10252: 10246: 10240: 10224: 10223: 10216: 10215: 10208: 10201: 10193: 10185: 10184: 10175: 10174:- Ben Creisler 10169: 10158: 10157: 10143: 10127: 10126:External links 10124: 10122: 10121: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10050: 10024: 9995: 9967: 9958:|journal= 9922: 9896: 9870: 9845: 9813: 9787: 9756: 9737: 9718: 9699: 9662: 9643: 9624: 9595: 9565: 9528:(1): 413–423. 9512: 9503: 9476:(5): 465–475. 9450: 9413:(4): 499–510. 9393: 9356: 9322: 9309:10.1086/278383 9283: 9216: 9177: 9118: 9103: 9059: 9040:(2): 196–209. 9013: 8968: 8908: 8881:(4): 197–208. 8861: 8854: 8832: 8806: 8779:(4): 243–251. 8759: 8732:(3): 619–642. 8700: 8684: 8645: 8618: 8595: 8565: 8530: 8493: 8457: 8403: 8344: 8325:(8): 589–594. 8305: 8272: 8232: 8207: 8166: 8119: 8091: 8064: 8021: 7984: 7958: 7935: 7886: 7869: 7842:(6): 464–484. 7822: 7805: 7734: 7704: 7684: 7677: 7661:Colbert, E. H. 7652: 7600: 7584: 7565:(4): 327–340. 7545: 7518:(2): 692–701. 7502: 7433: 7393: 7322: 7252: 7245: 7215: 7161: 7085: 7058:(1): 203–239. 7009: 6995:10.1.1.572.872 6980:(4): 347–384. 6961: 6934:(5): 852–863. 6900: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6805:William Parker 6770: 6767: 6743:Adrian P. Hunt 6702:Early Jurassic 6685:One aetosaur, 6681: 6680: 6664: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6624:Paratypothorax 6621: 6620: 6619: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6599: 6598: 6597: 6588: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6571: 6570: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6536: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6523: 6522: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6479: 6478: 6477: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6164: 6163: 6160: 6147: 6144: 6118:Revueltosaurus 6107: 6104: 6060: 6057: 5983: 5980: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5938:Revueltosaurus 5934:Revueltosaurus 5915:gracilisuchids 5903:Revueltosaurus 5885:Revueltosaurus 5861: 5858: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5724: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5676: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5652: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5628: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5598: 5595: 5594: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5554: 5553: 5544: 5539: 5537: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5522: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5487: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5432: 5427: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5381: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5314:Paratypothorax 5309: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5285: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5241: 5236: 5234: 5226: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5186: 5181: 5179: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5145:Typothoracinae 5140: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5109: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5068: 5066: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5053: 5044: 5039: 5037: 5027: 5020: 5019: 5016: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4917: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4885: 4881:Sierritasuchus 4876: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4852: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4812: 4811: 4807:Polesinesuchus 4802: 4797: 4795: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4771: 4766: 4764: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4735: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4650: 4645:Paratypothorax 4640: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4628:Paratypothorax 4624: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4600: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4536: 4535: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4509: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4443: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4406: 4329:Revueltosaurus 4221:Mark Wilkinson 4217:David J. Gower 4182:Paratypothorax 4147:Paratypothorax 4071:synapomorphies 4020:paleontologist 4010: 4009: 4005: 4004: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3937:Paratypothorax 3933: 3930: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3918: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3830: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3791: 3790: 3787: 3786: 3783:Prestosuchidae 3779: 3774: 3772: 3766: 3753: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3728: 3713: 3701: 3696: 3686: 3685: 3678: 3675: 3657:Sonsela Member 3649: 3633: 3627:middle - late 3624: 3619: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3582: 3568: 3561: 3558: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3526: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3462: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3429: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3401: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3349:Desmatosuchus. 3344: 3337: 3321: 3314: 3311: 3307:Sierritasuchus 3301: 3300: 3293: 3286: 3278:Sonsela Member 3270: 3254: 3247: 3244: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3220:Sonsela Member 3208: 3192: 3187:middle - late 3185: 3182: 3172: 3171: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3140: 3133: 3130: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3092: 3082: 3079: 3076:Polesinesuchus 3071: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3034: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2977:Paratypothorax 2971: 2970: 2963: 2960: 2953: 2938: 2931: 2928: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2908: 2896: 2880: 2874: 2871: 2861: 2860: 2853: 2850: 2842: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2798: 2788: 2774: 2767: 2764: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2686: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2673: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2625: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2590: 2589: 2582: 2579: 2575:Sonsela Member 2548: 2531: 2524: 2521: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2493: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2438: 2433: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2390: 2375: 2359: 2352: 2349: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2326: 2319: 2304: 2295: 2288: 2278: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2265: 2250: 2239: 2236: 2226: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2194: 2152: 2139: 2136: 2126: 2125: 2118: 2115: 2103: 2075: 2066: 2063: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2038: 2023: 2013: 2010: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1987: 1975: 1959: 1952: 1949: 1939: 1938: 1931: 1916: 1904: 1888: 1882: 1875: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1852: 1848:Sonsela Member 1836: 1820: 1813: 1810: 1800: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1774: 1773:List of genera 1771: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1706:Classification 1704: 1651:crocodylomorph 1515:supercontinent 1479:Paratypothorax 1471:North Carolina 1390: 1387: 1344: 1341: 1310:(foot bones). 1227:Episcoposaurus 1211:Episcoposaurus 1196: 1193: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 993:, and certain 937: 934: 853:Paratypothorax 842:typothoracines 753: 750: 733:Revueltosaurus 694:external nares 612: 609: 607: 604: 584:Revueltosaurus 487:pseudosuchians 359: 358: 357: 356: 355: 354: 353: 352: 351: 350: 340: 337:Polesinesuchus 330: 304: 279: 254: 241: 240: 236: 235: 233:Lydekker, 1887 223: 219: 218: 210: 203: 202: 197: 190: 189: 184: 177: 176: 171: 167: 166: 161: 157: 156: 151: 147: 146: 141: 137: 136: 123: 122: 113: 112: 104: 103: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10902: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10858: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10827: 10823: 10818: 10812: 10808: 10803: 10797: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10780: 10775: 10763: 10755: 10754: 10751: 10741: 10714: 10713: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10702: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10692: 10691: 10690:Gorgetosuchus 10687: 10685: 10684: 10683:Desmatosuchus 10680: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673:sensu stricto 10668: 10664: 10657: 10656: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10639:Chilenosuchus 10636: 10633: 10632: 10631:Calyptosuchus 10628: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10617: 10616: 10615:Adamanasuchus 10612: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10599: 10595: 10589: 10588: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10561:Desmatosuchia 10558: 10544: 10543: 10542:Venkatasuchus 10539: 10537: 10536: 10532: 10530: 10529: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10518: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10508: 10507: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10487: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10479:Redondasuchus 10476: 10474: 10473: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10464:Gorgetosuchus 10461: 10458: 10457: 10456:Chilenosuchus 10453: 10451: 10450: 10446: 10445: 10442: 10439: 10436: 10432: 10425: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10415:Coahomasuchus 10412: 10410: 10409: 10405: 10404: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10392: 10389: 10386: 10381: 10375: 10374: 10373:Aetosauroides 10370: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10360: 10355: 10351: 10339: 10338: 10332: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10300: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10281: 10277: 10269: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10247: 10245: 10241: 10239: 10235: 10234: 10229: 10225: 10221: 10214: 10209: 10207: 10202: 10200: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10176: 10173: 10170: 10167: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10155: 10144: 10141: 10130: 10119: 10118: 10113: 10112:Benton, M. J. 10110: 10109: 10095: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10077: 10073: 10070:(7178): 510. 10069: 10065: 10061: 10054: 10039: 10035: 10028: 10017: 10013: 10006: 9999: 9988: 9984: 9977: 9971: 9963: 9950: 9939: 9932: 9926: 9911: 9907: 9900: 9885: 9881: 9874: 9863: 9856: 9849: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9817: 9809: 9802: 9800: 9799:Redondasuchus 9797:"Revision of 9791: 9776: 9772: 9765: 9763: 9761: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9733: 9729: 9722: 9714: 9710: 9703: 9684: 9680: 9673: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9639: 9635: 9628: 9620: 9616: 9609: 9602: 9600: 9591: 9587: 9586:Palaeontology 9580: 9578: 9569: 9561: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9516: 9507: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9457: 9455: 9446: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9388: 9383: 9380:(1): 97–111. 9379: 9375: 9371: 9369: 9360: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9329: 9327: 9318: 9314: 9310: 9306: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9287: 9279: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9261: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9220: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9184: 9182: 9173: 9169: 9164: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9114: 9107: 9099: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9082:(2): 239–52. 9081: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9009: 9005: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8989: 8982: 8975: 8973: 8964: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8872: 8865: 8857: 8851: 8847: 8843: 8836: 8828: 8824: 8817: 8810: 8802: 8798: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8774: 8770: 8769:Synaptichnium 8763: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8739: 8735: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8718: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8696: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8632:Desmatosuchus 8629: 8622: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8580: 8578: 8577:Hyperodapedon 8569: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8549: 8545: 8537: 8535: 8515: 8511: 8504: 8497: 8488: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8430: 8426: 8419: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8387: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8367: 8363: 8359: 8357: 8348: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8309: 8300: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8276: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8256:Palaeontology 8250: 8248: 8239: 8237: 8228: 8221: 8214: 8212: 8192: 8188: 8181: 8179: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8123: 8116:(3): 201–238. 8115: 8111: 8107: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8025: 8014: 8010: 8003: 8001: 8000:Desmatosuchus 7997: 7988: 7980: 7976: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7963: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7931: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7905: 7901: 7897: 7890: 7882: 7881: 7873: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7833: 7826: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7749: 7747: 7738: 7722: 7718: 7711: 7709: 7700: 7696: 7688: 7680: 7674: 7669: 7668: 7662: 7656: 7648: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7618: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7555:Desmatosuchus 7549: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7506: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7446: 7437: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7413: 7408: 7406: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7352: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7333: 7331: 7329: 7327: 7318: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7259: 7257: 7248: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7194: 7193:10.1206/352.1 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7090: 7081: 7077: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7016: 7014: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6968: 6966: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6901: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6872:Redondasuchus 6869: 6864: 6862: 6861:Redondasuchus 6857: 6856:Redondasuchus 6853: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6779:Redondasuchus 6776: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6725: 6721: 6720: 6719:Redondasaurus 6715: 6711: 6707: 6706:T. coccinarum 6703: 6699: 6695: 6692: 6688: 6677: 6673: 6665: 6658: 6647: 6646:Desmatosuchus 6636: 6625: 6614: 6603: 6592: 6591:Redondasuchus 6516: 6505: 6494: 6483: 6472: 6460: 6449: 6438: 6421: 6400: 6390: 6389: 6378: 6377: 6352: 6351: 6340: 6339: 6313: 6312: 6165: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6152:biochronology 6146:Biochronology 6143: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6123:Desmatosuchus 6120: 6119: 6114: 6113:Calyptosuchus 6103: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6065: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049:Desmatosuchus 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6029: 6027: 6021: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5968:trilophosaurs 5965: 5960: 5945: 5943: 5942:Turfanosuchus 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911:Turfanosuchus 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5871: 5866: 5852: 5851: 5843: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5824: 5816: 5815: 5807: 5806: 5798: 5797: 5789: 5788: 5780: 5779: 5771: 5770: 5762: 5761: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5740: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5723: 5722: 5716: 5715: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5699: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5627: 5626: 5619: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5606: 5605: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5591: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5567: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5543: 5542: 5536: 5535: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5512: 5511: 5505: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5431: 5430: 5423: 5422: 5415: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5402: 5401: 5393: 5392: 5384: 5383: 5375: 5374: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5347: 5339: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5308: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5284: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5240: 5239: 5232: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5192: 5185: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5154: 5153: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5108: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5083: 5076: 5072: 5071: 5064: 5060: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5018: 5017: 5009: 5008: 5000: 4999: 4991: 4990: 4982: 4981: 4973: 4972: 4964: 4963: 4955: 4954: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4875: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4860: 4859: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4801: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4770: 4769: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4747: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4717: 4716: 4709: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4689: 4688: 4680: 4679: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4661: 4653: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4582: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4555: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4531:Redondasuchus 4525: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4514:Gorgetosuchus 4508: 4507: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4463:Coahomasuchus 4457: 4456: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4426:Aetosauroides 4420: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4403: 4399: 4398:Aetosauroides 4395: 4394:Aetosauroides 4390: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379:Desmatosuchus 4376: 4372: 4368: 4367:Desmatosuchus 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4323:Gracilisuchus 4319: 4318: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4282:Desmatosuchus 4279: 4274: 4273:Desmatosuchus 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4242:Desmatosuchus 4239: 4235: 4231: 4230:Aetosauroides 4227: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4202:Coahomasuchus 4199: 4198:Coahomasuchus 4195: 4191: 4190:Desmatosuchus 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4143:Desmatosuchus 4140: 4136: 4132: 4131:Aetosauroides 4128: 4124: 4121:, there is a 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4035:Desmatosuchus 4032: 4028: 4027:Aetosauroides 4024: 4021: 4017: 4003: 4002: 3994: 3993: 3985: 3984: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3952: 3951: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3900:Desmatosuchus 3895: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3839:Aetosauroides 3834: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3714: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3692:Venkatasuchus 3688: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3511: 3509:(Revueltian) 3508: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3477: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3449: 3447:(Revueltian) 3446: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3400: 3399: 3386: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3291: 3290:Calyptosuchus 3287: 3285: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3193: 3191:(Revueltian) 3190: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3157: 3155: 3154:(New Mexico) 3153: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3127: 3126:Redondasuchus 3122: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3114:Aetosauroides 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2939: 2937:(Revueltian) 2936: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2733: 2731: 2730:Late Triassic 2728: 2725: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2644:Gorgetosuchus 2640: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2532: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2517:Desmatosuchus 2513: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2465: 2464:Coahomasuchus 2460: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2447:Carboniferous 2444: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2419: 2417: 2416:Late Triassic 2414: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2406:Chilenosuchus 2402: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2346: 2345:Calyptosuchus 2341: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2330:Aetosauroides 2327: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2263: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2178: 2165: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2088: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2059:Aetosauroides 2055: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2037: 2036: 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1991:Calyptosuchus 1988: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1945:Adamanasuchus 1941: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1928:Calyptosuchus 1925: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1902:(New Mexico) 1901: 1889: 1886: 1885:Late Triassic 1883: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1871:Acompsosaurus 1867: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1856:aetosauriform 1853: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1766:Aetosauroides 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1749:Desmatosuchus 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1733:phylogenetics 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1647:typothoracine 1644: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1607:Chilenosuchus 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1576: 1575:Aetosauroides 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:Desmatosuchus 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1427:United States 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1395: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1363:in 1922) and 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1285:was named by 1284: 1276: 1275: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1262:Desmatosuchus 1259: 1258:E. haplocerus 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1066:Louis Agassiz 1063: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1029:Desmatosuchus 1025: 1024: 1015: 1014: 1008: 1004: 1002: 1001: 996: 992: 991:erpetosuchids 988: 984: 980: 975: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 949: 948: 942: 933: 931: 930: 929:Calyptosuchus 925: 924:Aetosauroides 921: 917: 916: 915:Coahomasuchus 912: 908: 907: 902: 898: 897: 892: 891: 886: 885:Desmatosuchus 882: 881: 876: 875: 874:Desmatosuchus 870: 869: 868:sensu stricto 865: 861: 856: 854: 849: 848: 843: 838: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 814: 813:iliofibularis 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792:plesiomorphic 788: 784: 781: 777: 774:", a related 773: 765: 764: 758: 749: 747: 743: 742:splenial bone 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 720: 715: 711: 707: 703: 702:Aetosauroides 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 679: 678:Coahomasuchus 674: 673: 672:Aetosauroides 667: 663: 659: 655: 648: 647: 642: 641: 636: 635: 630: 629: 624: 623: 617: 611:Skull anatomy 603: 601: 597: 593: 588: 586: 585: 580: 576: 571: 567: 564: 560: 559: 558:Aetosauroides 553: 551: 550:stratigraphic 547: 546:index fossils 544: 540: 536: 532: 531:South America 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 507:Late Triassic 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 485: 481: 476: 469: 461: 455: 449: 410: 407: 404: 398: 365: 349: 348: 341: 339: 338: 331: 328: 327: 326:Calyptosuchus 320: 319: 316: 311: 305: 303: 302: 295: 294: 291: 286: 280: 278: 277: 270: 269: 266: 261: 255: 253: 252: 251:Aetosauroides 245: 244: 242: 237: 230: 224: 221: 220: 217: 211: 208: 205: 204: 201: 198: 195: 192: 191: 188: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 169: 168: 165: 162: 159: 158: 155: 152: 149: 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 133: 128: 124: 121: 120: 119:Desmatosuchus 114: 110: 105: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 43: 37: 30: 29:Late Triassic 22: 19: 10786: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10688: 10681: 10672: 10653: 10645: 10637: 10629: 10621: 10613: 10601: 10587:Stagonolepis 10585: 10578: 10540: 10535:Tecovasuchus 10533: 10526: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10484: 10477: 10472:Kryphioparma 10470: 10462: 10454: 10449:Apachesuchus 10447: 10421: 10413: 10406: 10395:Aetosaurinae 10371: 10358: 10336: 10335: 10310: 10299:Pseudosuchia 10284:Pseudosuchia 10263: 10259:Pseudosuchia 10254: 10219: 10186: 10115: 10067: 10063: 10053: 10041:. Retrieved 10037: 10027: 10011: 9998: 9982: 9970: 9949:cite journal 9938:the original 9925: 9913:. Retrieved 9909: 9899: 9887:. Retrieved 9883: 9873: 9848: 9836:. Retrieved 9827: 9823: 9816: 9807: 9798: 9790: 9778:. Retrieved 9774: 9750: 9746: 9740: 9731: 9727: 9721: 9712: 9708: 9702: 9690:. Retrieved 9683:the original 9678: 9665: 9656: 9646: 9637: 9633: 9627: 9618: 9614: 9589: 9585: 9576: 9568: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9506: 9473: 9469: 9410: 9406: 9402: 9396: 9377: 9373: 9367: 9359: 9347:. Retrieved 9338: 9300: 9296: 9286: 9233: 9229: 9219: 9194: 9190: 9135: 9131: 9121: 9112: 9106: 9079: 9075: 9062: 9037: 9033: 9029: 8991: 8987: 8928: 8924: 8911: 8878: 8874: 8870: 8864: 8845: 8841: 8835: 8826: 8822: 8809: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8762: 8729: 8725: 8716: 8694: 8687: 8665:(1): 73–83. 8662: 8658: 8648: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8627: 8621: 8612: 8608: 8598: 8589: 8585: 8576: 8568: 8546:. e2253292. 8543: 8521:. Retrieved 8514:the original 8509: 8496: 8480:(1): 53–63. 8477: 8473: 8460: 8449:the original 8428: 8424: 8365: 8361: 8355: 8347: 8322: 8318: 8314: 8308: 8289: 8285: 8275: 8264:the original 8259: 8255: 8246: 8226: 8198:. Retrieved 8191:the original 8186: 8178:Tecovasuchus 8177: 8169: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8082:. Retrieved 8077: 8067: 8045:(7): 59–62. 8042: 8038: 8032: 8024: 8013:the original 8008: 7999: 7995: 7987: 7978: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7879: 7872: 7839: 7835: 7825: 7817: 7808: 7783:10919/102375 7755: 7751: 7745: 7737: 7725:. Retrieved 7720: 7698: 7694: 7687: 7666: 7655: 7623:(1): 50–68. 7620: 7616: 7587: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7548: 7515: 7511: 7505: 7454: 7450: 7444: 7436: 7416: 7410: 7404: 7396: 7366:(1): 41–68. 7363: 7359: 7350: 7272: 7268: 7234: 7183: 7179: 7119: 7115: 7055: 7051: 6977: 6973: 6931: 6927: 6922:Stagonolepis 6921: 6916:Lucas, S. G. 6887: 6879: 6876:Heliocanthus 6875: 6871: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6849: 6845:Darren Naish 6826: 6823:Heliocanthus 6822: 6816: 6813:Heliocanthus 6812: 6808: 6800: 6796: 6782: 6762: 6759:Tecovasuchus 6758: 6754: 6751:Otischalkian 6731:Chinle Group 6728: 6717: 6705: 6686: 6684: 6675: 6671: 6656: 6645: 6634: 6623: 6613:Stagonolepis 6612: 6601: 6590: 6386: 6360: 6348: 6322: 6293: 6149: 6139: 6135: 6127:Acaenasuchus 6126: 6122: 6116: 6112: 6109: 6096: 6077: 6074: 6068: 6053:Stagonolepis 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6022: 6000: 5985: 5956: 5948:Paleobiology 5941: 5937: 5933: 5919: 5910: 5902: 5896: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5869: 5744: 5743: 5727: 5726: 5703: 5702: 5679: 5678: 5655: 5654: 5631: 5630: 5588: 5587: 5571: 5570: 5547: 5546: 5516: 5515: 5493:Stagonolepis 5490: 5489: 5452: 5451: 5435: 5434: 5330: 5329: 5312: 5311: 5288: 5287: 5267: 5244: 5243: 5206: 5205: 5189: 5188: 5158: 5157: 5129: 5128: 5112: 5111: 5088: 5087: 5075:Aetosaurinae 5047: 5046: 5033: 5024: 4937: 4936: 4920: 4919: 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1994: 1990: 1977: 1961: 1958:(Adamanian) 1943: 1942: 1927: 1924:Stagonolepis 1923: 1908:Chinle Group 1906: 1890: 1887:(Adamanian) 1879:Nomen dubium 1877: 1869: 1868: 1859: 1838: 1822: 1819:(Adamanian) 1806:Acaenasuchus 1804: 1803: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1741: 1717:Pseudosuchia 1714: 1697: 1673: 1667: 1659: 1655:South Africa 1640: 1639:of India as 1632: 1628: 1605: 1579: 1573: 1555: 1540: 1522: 1497:of Germany. 1487:Jameson Land 1478: 1474: 1423:Dockum Group 1404: 1399:body fossils 1389:Distribution 1382: 1368: 1364: 1356: 1353:Charles Camp 1349:Barnum Brown 1346: 1312: 1302: 1294: 1282: 1280: 1272: 1261: 1257: 1241: 1237: 1235:type species 1226: 1222: 1210: 1209:in 1875 and 1204: 1198: 1186: 1163: 1141: 1131:Stagonolepis 1130: 1127:Stagonolepis 1126: 1113: 1108:Megalichthys 1106: 1071:Stagonolepis 1069: 1059: 1044: 1034: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1011: 1000:Acaenasuchus 998: 976: 960:quadrangular 953: 945: 927: 923: 913: 904: 894: 890:Stagonolepis 888: 884: 878: 872: 866: 851: 845: 839: 812: 772:rauisuchians 768: 761: 732: 729:prootic bone 718: 706:maxilla bone 701: 687: 685:archosaurs. 676: 670: 651: 644: 638: 632: 626: 620: 589: 582: 575:Aetosaurinae 565: 556: 554: 495:crocodilians 408: 363: 362: 347:Stagonolepis 345: 335: 324: 314: 309: 299: 292:Parker, 2016 289: 284: 276:Aetosaurinae 274: 264: 259: 249: 228: 206: 200:Pseudosuchia 193: 180: 117: 18: 10811:Wikispecies 10698:Longosuchus 10514:Kocurypelta 9436:11336/97118 8931:(1): 3–47. 8315:Longosuchus 7836:Ameghiniana 7419:(1): 7–23. 6837:Mike Taylor 6818:nomen nudum 6807:reassigned 6755:Longosuchus 6635:Longosuchus 6106:Development 6037:Longosuchus 5268:SMSN 19003 4857:Longosuchus 4293:Postosuchus 4287:Leptosuchus 4238:Longosuchus 4236:, and that 4194:Longosuchus 4186:sister taxa 4139:Longosuchus 4039:Longosuchus 3885:Longosuchus 3543:Aetosaurus, 3524:(Colorado) 3167:Typothorax. 2912:Longosuchus 2813:Longosuchus 2721:Kocurypelta 2249:(Apachean) 2215:aetosaurine 1721:ankle bones 1684:as well as 1629:Longosuchus 1610:, from the 1594:Santa Maria 1588:and Norian 1467:Connecticut 1379:A.D. Walker 1370:Longosuchus 1308:metatarsals 1299:Connecticut 1238:E. horridus 1183:Oscar Fraas 1154:Oskar Fraas 1094:, and thus 1023:Longosuchus 987:doswelliids 880:Longosuchus 871:), such as 783:articulates 683:carnivorous 666:herbivorous 606:Description 533:, parts of 511:vertebrates 484:herbivorous 288:Case, 1920 187:Archosauria 10874:Categories 10817:Aetosauria 10787:Aetosauria 10705:Lucasuchus 10602:sensu lato 10506:Garzapelta 10486:Typothorax 10408:Aetosaurus 10359:Aetosauria 10337:Aetosauria 10320:see below↓ 10311:Aetosauria 10250:Sauropsida 10220:Aetosauria 9709:Albertiana 9634:Albertiana 9577:Aetosaurus 9551:11336/8849 9236:(1): 128. 8615:: 457–475. 8586:Albertiana 8247:Aetosaurus 8080:. Blogspot 7996:Typothorax 7955:(3): 1–22. 7723:. Blogspot 6896:References 6841:Matt Wedel 6833:Jeff Martz 6793:plagiarism 6763:Typothorax 6691:Revueltian 6657:Aetosaurus 6602:Typothorax 6136:Typothorax 6092:crocodiles 6026:edentulous 6001:Typothorax 5992:seed ferns 5922:Manda Beds 5893:jugal bone 5034:Aetosauria 4548:Typothorax 4480:Aetosaurus 4412:Aetosauria 4387:Aetosaurus 4383:Aetosaurus 4371:Aetosaurus 4363:Aetosaurus 4359:Aetosaurus 4305:Poposaurus 4278:Aetosaurus 4226:Aetosaurus 4178:Typothorax 4170:Aetosaurus 4151:Typothorax 4119:Aetosaurus 4107:Aetosaurus 4075:premaxilla 4051:Typothorax 4031:Aetosaurus 3922:Typothorax 3810:Aetosaurus 3796:Aetosauria 3615:Typothorax 3484:Aetosaurus 3060:Aetosaurus 2867:Lucasuchus 2787:(Arizona) 2596:Garzapelta 2443:Typothorax 2132:Aetosaurus 1973:(Arizona) 1834:(Arizona) 1753:Aetosaurus 1725:thecodonts 1665:ichnogenus 1661:Footprints 1546:footprints 1475:Aetosaurus 1435:New Mexico 1411:Antarctica 1375:H.J. Sawin 1333:Parasuchia 1315:naturalist 1242:Typothorax 1223:Typothorax 1219:phytosaurs 1215:New Mexico 1206:Typothorax 1188:Aetosaurus 1142:Aetosaurus 1117:biologist 1045:Typothorax 964:cancellous 956:osteoderms 906:Aetosaurus 847:Typothorax 808:quadrupeds 787:acetabulum 662:omnivorous 654:premaxilla 600:phytosaurs 579:morphology 568:. Over 20 515:osteoderms 501:and other 491:archosaurs 480:omnivorous 409:Aetosauria 239:Subgroups 229:Aetosauria 10880:Aetosaurs 10423:Stenomyti 10236:Kingdom: 10043:15 August 9780:15 August 9560:130820684 9498:131332250 9349:18 August 9260:1471-2148 9211:220409377 9154:2167-8359 9138:: e4368. 9008:1175-5334 8903:128893544 8801:129651942 8754:140536594 8679:0037-9409 8636:PaleoBios 8560:265506966 8390:0272-4634 8078:Chinleana 7930:130033385 7864:239751891 7856:0002-7014 7818:Chinleana 7800:225136804 7792:0272-4634 7727:8 January 7721:Chinleana 7633:CiteSeerX 7532:0272-4634 7497:238216840 7471:1932-8494 7299:1932-6203 7202:2246/6112 7186:: 1–292. 7138:2167-8359 7122:: e1583. 7080:129267515 6990:CiteSeerX 6956:128610620 6948:0022-3360 6459:Olenekian 6099:carbonate 6088:phytosaur 6033:H J Sawin 6017:fossorial 5964:dinosaurs 5495:" olenkae 4402:cladogram 4317:Alligator 4016:phylogeny 4014:Aetosaur 3757:Cladogram 3746:Phylogeny 3496:Stenomyti 3412:deposits 3410:Krasiejów 3030:Greenland 2950:Argentina 2316:Argentina 2190:Greenland 2087:Argentina 1789:Location 1729:primitive 1562:Argentina 1550:trackways 1491:Greenland 1415:Laurasian 1407:Australia 1397:Aetosaur 1361:E.C. Case 1329:suborders 1322:zoologist 1291:Bone Wars 1264:in 1953. 1178:Stuttgart 1146:Stuttgart 1096:Paleozoic 1074:from the 746:articular 714:braincase 596:crocodile 503:dinosaurs 364:Aetosaurs 150:Kingdom: 144:Eukaryota 24:Aetosaurs 10796:Wikidata 10762:Category 10244:Chordata 10242:Phylum: 10238:Animalia 10114:(2000). 10094:18235465 10016:Archived 9987:Archived 9862:Archived 9715:: 57–64. 9640:: 11–18. 9445:86520329 9343:Archived 9317:84492986 9278:24916124 9172:29456892 9098:12746149 8994:: 1–33. 8963:59148006 8842:Atriepus 8592:: 30–38. 8398:83713904 8292:: 1–25. 8161:83730309 8033:Stegomus 7701:: 45–68. 7663:(1969). 7540:84455880 7489:34585850 7407:Agassiz" 7388:85826683 7317:30110362 7269:PLOS ONE 7231:(1988). 7210:83493714 7156:26819845 6918:(2002). 6852:holotype 6724:Apachean 6698:tetrapod 6515:Rhaetian 6482:Ladinian 6388:Jurassic 6005:pronator 4389:itself. 4381:than to 4284:than to 4123:polytomy 4117:. After 3710:Rhaetian 3435:Stegomus 3385:Scotland 3335:(Texas) 3088:- early 2840:(Texas) 2623:(Texas) 2247:Rhaetian 2148:Rhaetian 2146:- early 2019:- early 1995:Scutarx. 1711:Taxonomy 1620:Gondwana 1558:Gondwana 1499:Scotland 1447:Colorado 1337:Eusuchia 1303:Stegomus 1295:Stegomus 1283:Stegomus 1274:Stegomus 1088:Devonian 1084:Scotland 983:carapace 909:and the 719:abducens 543:tetrapod 497:than to 174:Reptilia 164:Chordata 160:Phylum: 154:Animalia 140:Domain: 10831:4658368 10802:Q131967 10655:Scutarx 10248:Class: 10166:Palaeos 10072:Bibcode 9692:17 July 9530:Bibcode 9478:Bibcode 9470:PALAIOS 9415:Bibcode 9269:4061117 9238:Bibcode 9163:5815331 9042:Bibcode 8988:Zootaxa 8933:Bibcode 8883:Bibcode 8781:Bibcode 8734:Bibcode 8642:: 1–40. 8523:17 July 8433:Bibcode 8370:Bibcode 8327:Bibcode 8200:17 July 8141:Bibcode 8084:24 July 8047:Bibcode 7760:Bibcode 7625:Bibcode 7567:Bibcode 7480:9544919 7368:Bibcode 7308:6093665 7277:Bibcode 7147:4727975 7060:Bibcode 6982:Bibcode 6493:Carnian 6471:Anisian 6350:Permian 6284:– 6274:– 6264:– 6254:– 6244:– 6234:– 6224:– 6214:– 6204:– 6194:– 6184:– 6174:– 6013:triceps 5889:maxilla 5479: 5233: 5147: 5077: 5065: 5036: 4375:derived 4174:derived 4090:of the 4084:humerus 3798: 3704:middle 3699:Valid 3622:Valid 3371:Carnian 3249:middle 3240:Scutarx 3086:Carnian 3081:Valid? 3004:Germany 2933:middle 2877:Carnian 2823:Carnian 2654:Carnian 2474:Carnian 2451:Permian 2298:Carnian 2164:Germany 2142:middle 2069:Carnian 2017:Carnian 1815:middle 1798:Images 1783:Status 1690:Germany 1531:Algeria 1519:Pangaea 1443:Wyoming 1431:Arizona 1254:turtles 1250:tuatara 1174:outcrop 1170:Germany 1150:Germany 1115:English 1051:History 1041:cloacal 911:Carnian 825:of the 804:humerus 658:dentary 452:; from 403:extinct 222:Order: 170:Class: 10857:156405 10092: 10064:Nature 9915:3 July 9889:3 July 9838:3 July 9558: 9496: 9443: 9315: 9276: 9266: 9258: 9209: 9170: 9160: 9152: 9096: 9006: 8961: 8901: 8875:Ichnos 8852: 8799: 8773:Ichnos 8752: 8677: 8558: 8396: 8388: 8159: 7928: 7862: 7854: 7798: 7790: 7675: 7635: 7538: 7530: 7495: 7487: 7477: 7469: 7386: 7315: 7305: 7297: 7243: 7208: 7154: 7144: 7136: 7078: 6992: 6954: 6946: 6889:Nature 6843:, and 6761:, and 6710:Norian 6678:(2007) 6676:et al. 6672:et al. 6580: 6573: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6524: 6504:Norian 6448:Induan 5475: 5229: 5143: 5073: 5061: 5032: 4630:19003 4326:, and 4219:, and 4188:being 4100:fibula 4086:, the 4049:, and 3794: 3722: 3706:Norian 3642: 3629:Norian 3576: 3565:Norian 3560:Valid 3519: 3507:Norian 3502:Valid 3456: 3445:Norian 3398:Poland 3395: 3382: 3367:Valid 3330: 3318:Norian 3313:Valid 3263: 3251:Norian 3246:Valid 3201: 3189:Norian 3184:Valid 3149: 3137:Norian 3132:Valid 3103:Brazil 3100: 3090:Norian 3027: 3014: 3001: 2987:Norian 2983:Valid 2947: 2935:Norian 2930:Valid 2889: 2873:Valid 2835: 2819:Valid 2782: 2771:Norian 2766:Valid 2743:Poland 2740: 2726:Valid 2666: 2650:Valid 2618: 2606:Norian 2602:Valid 2540: 2528:Norian 2523:Valid 2486: 2470:Valid 2427: 2412:Valid 2368: 2356:Norian 2351:Valid 2313: 2302:Norian 2259: 2243:Norian 2238:Valid 2187: 2174: 2161: 2144:Norian 2138:Valid 2100:Brazil 2097: 2084: 2073:Norian 2065:Valid 2035:Brazil 2032: 2021:Norian 2012:Valid 1968: 1956:Norian 1951:Valid 1920:pelvis 1897: 1829: 1817:Norian 1795:Notes 1780:Genus 1737:Suchia 1682:Brazil 1568:, and 1566:Brazil 1505:, and 1503:Poland 1449:, and 1437:, and 1203:named 979:dorsal 972:scutes 968:diploë 903:genus 901:Norian 821:, the 819:fibula 815:muscle 800:radius 796:pelvis 692:. The 643:, (E) 637:, (D) 631:, (C) 625:, (B) 592:scales 570:genera 563:family 537:, and 535:Africa 523:Europe 519:scutes 517:(bony 475:sauros 468:σαυρος 10844:12922 10839:IRMNG 10264:Clade 10255:Clade 10019:(PDF) 10008:(PDF) 9990:(PDF) 9979:(PDF) 9941:(PDF) 9934:(PDF) 9865:(PDF) 9858:(PDF) 9832:(PDF) 9804:(PDF) 9686:(PDF) 9675:(PDF) 9611:(PDF) 9582:(PDF) 9556:S2CID 9494:S2CID 9466:(PDF) 9441:S2CID 9313:S2CID 9207:S2CID 9132:PeerJ 9072:(PDF) 8984:(PDF) 8959:S2CID 8921:(PDF) 8899:S2CID 8819:(PDF) 8797:S2CID 8750:S2CID 8722:(PDF) 8582:(PDF) 8575:"The 8556:S2CID 8517:(PDF) 8506:(PDF) 8470:(PDF) 8452:(PDF) 8421:(PDF) 8394:S2CID 8267:(PDF) 8252:(PDF) 8223:(PDF) 8194:(PDF) 8183:(PDF) 8157:S2CID 8016:(PDF) 8005:(PDF) 7926:S2CID 7860:S2CID 7796:S2CID 7536:S2CID 7493:S2CID 7384:S2CID 7356:(PDF) 7206:S2CID 7116:PeerJ 7076:S2CID 6952:S2CID 6726:LVF. 6399:Early 6059:Nests 5988:ferns 4648:type 4351:clade 4111:basal 4096:tibia 4092:femur 4055:clade 3725:India 3505:late 3135:late 3084:late 2430:Chile 2241:late 2177:Italy 2015:late 1761:below 1686:Italy 1616:India 1570:Chile 1507:Italy 1439:Texas 1367:(now 1176:near 1080:Elgin 1062:Swiss 936:Armor 920:basal 827:femur 780:femur 776:grade 721:nerve 539:India 527:North 499:birds 460:ἀετός 454:Greek 406:order 315:sensu 290:sensu 265:sensu 207:Clade 194:Clade 181:Clade 10297:see 10168:.com 10090:PMID 10045:2010 9962:help 9917:2010 9891:2010 9840:2010 9782:2010 9694:2010 9351:2010 9274:PMID 9256:ISSN 9168:PMID 9150:ISSN 9094:PMID 9004:ISSN 8992:3166 8850:ISBN 8675:ISSN 8525:2010 8386:ISSN 8202:2010 8086:2010 7998:and 7852:ISSN 7788:ISSN 7729:2010 7673:ISBN 7528:ISSN 7485:PMID 7467:ISSN 7313:PMID 7295:ISSN 7241:ISBN 7152:PMID 7134:ISSN 6944:ISSN 6878:and 6777:and 6745:and 6737:and 6051:and 5990:and 5982:Diet 5966:and 5907:stem 4365:and 4280:and 4263:and 4240:and 4192:and 4180:and 4160:and 4149:and 4133:and 2332:and 1993:and 1786:Age 1755:and 1645:, a 1631:and 1596:and 1578:and 1548:and 1477:and 1469:and 1457:and 1451:Utah 1421:and 1409:and 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